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Collaboration and Licensing Revenue | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Collaboration and Licensing Revenue | Collaboration and Licensing Revenue The Company's collaborations and licensing agreements provide for multiple deliverables to be delivered by the Company and typically include a license to the Company's technology platforms, participation in collaboration committees, performance of certain research and development services and may include obligations for certain manufacturing services. The Company typically groups these deliverables into two units of accounting based on the nature of the deliverables and the separation criteria. The first deliverable ("Unit of Accounting 1") includes the license to the Company's technology platform, the Company's participation on the collaboration committees and any research and development services associated with its technology platforms. The deliverables for Unit of Accounting 1 are combined because they cannot be individually separated. If applicable, the second deliverable ("Unit of Accounting 2") includes manufacturing services to be provided for any Company materials in an approved product. These services have standalone value and are contingent due to uncertainties on whether an approved product will ever be developed thereby requiring manufacture by the Company at that time. All upfront consideration is allocated to Unit of Accounting 1. Unit of Accounting 2 is determined to be a contingent deliverable at the inception of the collaboration due to the uncertainties surrounding whether an approved product will ever be developed and require manufacturing by the Company. The upfront consideration allocated to Unit of Accounting 1 is recognized over the expected life of the Company's technology platform using a straight-line approach which approximates the period the Company expects to complete its performance obligations. The Company recognizes the reimbursement payments received for research and development services in the period when the services are performed and collection is reasonably assured. At the inception of each collaboration, the Company determines whether any milestone payments are substantive and can be recognized when earned. The milestone payments are typically not considered substantive. Royalties related to product sales will be recognized when earned since payments relate directly to products that have been fully developed and for which the Company has satisfied all of its obligations. The Company determines whether collaborations and licensing agreements are individually significant for disclosure based on a number of factors, including total revenue recorded by the Company pursuant to collaboration and licensing agreements, collaborators or licensees either consolidated or accounted for using the equity method, or other qualitative factors. Collaboration and licensing revenues generated from consolidated subsidiaries are eliminated in consolidation. The following tables summarize the amounts recorded as revenue in the consolidated statements of operations for each significant collaboration or licensing agreement for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
| Year Ended December 31, 2016
| Revenue Recognized From |  | Total
| Upfront and Milestone Payments |  | Research and Development Services |
ZIOPHARM Oncology, Inc. | $ | 11,529 |  |  | $ | 22,307 |  |  | $ | 33,836 |
Oragenics, Inc. | 1,047 |  |  | 1,705 |  |  | 2,752 |
Fibrocell Science, Inc. | 2,419 |  |  | 3,523 |  |  | 5,942 |
Genopaver, LLC | 273 |  |  | 5,844 |  |  | 6,117 |
S & I Ophthalmic, LLC | — |  |  | 6,141 |  |  | 6,141 |
OvaXon, LLC | — |  |  | 2,934 |  |  | 2,934 |
Intrexon Energy Partners, LLC | 2,500 |  |  | 15,052 |  |  | 17,552 |
Persea Bio, LLC | 500 |  |  | 778 |  |  | 1,278 |
Ares Trading S.A. | 6,389 |  |  | 3,803 |  |  | 10,192 |
Thrive Agrobiotics, Inc. | 185 |  |  | 1,529 |  |  | 1,714 |
Intrexon Energy Partners II, LLC | 2,000 |  |  | 1,169 |  |  | 3,169 |
Exotech Bio, Inc. | 417 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 792 |
Relieve Genetics, Inc. | 361 |  |  | 878 |  |  | 1,239 |
Intrexon T1D Partners, LLC | 821 |  |  | 1,087 |  |  | 1,908 |
AD Skincare, Inc. | 241 |  |  | 454 |  |  | 695 |
Genten Therapeutics, Inc. | 122 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 386 |
CRS Bio, Inc. | 57 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 148 |
Other | 5,572 |  |  | 7,504 |  |  | 13,076 |
Total | $ | 34,433 |  |  | $ | 75,438 |  |  | $ | 109,871 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2015
| Revenue Recognized From |  | Total
| Upfront and Milestone Payments |  | Research and Development Services |
ZIOPHARM Oncology, Inc. | $ | 2,855 |  |  | $ | 16,451 |  |  | $ | 19,306 |
Oragenics, Inc. | 5,679 |  |  | 856 |  |  | 6,535 |
Fibrocell Science, Inc. | 6,046 |  |  | 6,133 |  |  | 12,179 |
Genopaver, LLC | 273 |  |  | 3,556 |  |  | 3,829 |
S & I Ophthalmic, LLC | — |  |  | 4,115 |  |  | 4,115 |
OvaXon, LLC | — |  |  | 2,540 |  |  | 2,540 |
Intrexon Energy Partners, LLC | 2,500 |  |  | 10,947 |  |  | 13,447 |
Persea Bio, LLC | 500 |  |  | 741 |  |  | 1,241 |
Ares Trading S.A. | 3,933 |  |  | 795 |  |  | 4,728 |
Thrive Agrobiotics, Inc. | 46 |  |  | 220 |  |  | 266 |
Intrexon Energy Partners II, LLC | 167 |  |  | — |  |  | 167 |
Other | 10,514 |  |  | 8,954 |  |  | 19,468 |
Total | $ | 32,513 |  |  | $ | 55,308 |  |  | $ | 87,821 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2014
| Revenue Recognized From |  | Total
| Upfront and Milestone Payments |  | Research and Development Services |
ZIOPHARM Oncology, Inc. | $ | 2,577 |  |  | $ | 12,044 |  |  | $ | 14,621 |
Oragenics, Inc. | 1,045 |  |  | 598 |  |  | 1,643 |
Fibrocell Science, Inc. | 1,794 |  |  | 4,398 |  |  | 6,192 |
Genopaver, LLC | 273 |  |  | 1,510 |  |  | 1,783 |
S & I Ophthalmic, LLC | — |  |  | 2,832 |  |  | 2,832 |
OvaXon, LLC | — |  |  | 2,799 |  |  | 2,799 |
Intrexon Energy Partners, LLC | 1,875 |  |  | 4,227 |  |  | 6,102 |
Other | 2,061 |  |  | 7,179 |  |  | 9,240 |
Total | $ | 9,625 |  |  | $ | 35,587 |  |  | $ | 45,212 |
The following is a summary of the terms of the Company's significant collaborations and licensing agreements. ZIOPHARM Collaborations In January 2011, the Company entered into an ECC with ZIOPHARM, a related party. Pursuant to the ECC, ZIOPHARM received a license to the Company's technology platform within the field of oncology as defined more specifically in the agreement. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received 3,636,926 shares of ZIOPHARM's common stock valued at $17,457 as upfront consideration. In addition to the deliverables discussed above, the Company transferred two clinical product candidates to ZIOPHARM that resulted in a separate unit of accounting for which $1,115 of the upfront consideration was allocated and recognized as collaboration revenue in 2011. The remaining $16,342 of upfront consideration was allocated to Unit of Accounting 1 discussed above. The Company was entitled to additional shares of common stock representing the lesser of (i) the original shares received or (ii) the number of shares representing 7.495% of ZIOPHARM's outstanding shares at the date of the dosing of the first patient in a Phase II clinical trial of a product candidate created, produced or developed by ZIOPHARM using the Company's technology ("ZIOPHARM Milestone"). In October 2012, the ZIOPHARM Milestone was achieved and the Company received 3,636,926 shares of ZIOPHARM's common stock valued at $18,330 as milestone consideration. Since the ZIOPHARM Milestone was not substantive, the Company allocated the ZIOPHARM Milestone to the applicable units of accounting and is recognizing it in a manner similar to these units of accounting. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided and manufacturing services for Company materials provided to ZIOPHARM during the ECC. Subject to certain expense allocations, ZIOPHARM will pay the Company a percentage of the quarterly net profits derived from the sale of products developed from the ECC, as defined and amended in the agreement. ZIOPHARM is responsible for conducting preclinical and clinical development of product candidates, as well as for other aspects of commercialization or manufacturing of product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in January 2011 and continues until terminated pursuant to the ECC agreement. The ECC may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by ZIOPHARM upon 90 days written notice to the Company. In March 2015, in conjunction with the Merck Agreement, the Company and ZIOPHARM amended their existing ECC. The amendment modifies the scope of the ECC in connection with the Merck Agreement and provides that the Company will pay to ZIOPHARM 50% of all payments received for upfront fees, milestones and royalties under the Merck Agreement. In September 2015, the Company entered into its second ECC with ZIOPHARM ("ZIOPHARM ECC 2"). Pursuant to the ECC, ZIOPHARM received a license to the Company's technology platform to develop and commercialize novel biotherapeutics for the treatment of patients with graft-versus-host disease, or GvHD. Upon execution of ZIOPHARM ECC 2, the Company received a technology access fee of $10,000. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the agreement during the ECC and manufacturing services for Company materials provided to ZIOPHARM during the ECC. ZIOPHARM will pay the Company a percentage of quarterly net profits derived from the sale of products developed from ZIOPHARM ECC 2, as defined and amended in the agreement. ZIOPHARM is responsible for funding the further development of ZIOPHARM ECC 2 products towards the goal of commercialization, conducting preclinical and clinical development of product candidates, as well as for other aspects of commercialization or manufacturing of the product candidates. The term of the ZIOPHARM ECC 2 commenced in September 2015 and may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by ZIOPHARM upon 90 days written notice to the Company. In June 2016, the Company amended each of its two existing collaboration agreements with ZIOPHARM and as a result the rate of the royalty which the Company is entitled to receive on certain products commercialized pursuant to the agreements was reduced from 50% to 20%. As consideration for execution of the amendments, ZIOPHARM issued the Company 100,000 shares of ZIOPHARM's Series 1 Preferred Stock valued at $120,000. The Company allocated the consideration received to each ECC based on the cumulative value of upfront and milestone payments previously received pursuant to that ECC. Because the Company has remaining performance obligations under each of the ZIOPHARM ECCs, the Company recorded the initial fair value received as deferred revenue and recognizes this amount straight-line over the remaining performance period for each ZIOPHARM ECC. No other financially significant terms of the ZIOPHARM ECCs were changed as a result of the amendments. See Note 7 for additional discussion of the terms of the preferred stock and the accounting treatment. Oragenics Collaborations In June 2012, the Company entered into an ECC with Oragenics, a publicly traded company focused on becoming the world leader in novel antibiotics against infectious diseases and a related party. Pursuant to the ECC, at the transaction effective date, Oragenics received a license to the Company's technology platform within the field of lantibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans and companion animals as defined more specifically in the agreement. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee of 4,392,425 shares of Oragenics' common stock valued at $6,588 as upfront consideration. The Company is entitled to receive additional shares of common stock, or at Oragenics' option, receive a cash payment based upon the fair market value of the shares, upon the separate achievement of certain regulatory milestones of the first product candidate developed from the ECC ("Oragenics ECC 1 Milestones"). The Oragenics ECC 1 Milestones include: (i) 1% of Oragenics' outstanding shares as defined in the ECC agreement at the date of the filing of the first Investigative New Drug Application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("U.S. FDA") for a product candidate created, produced or developed using the Company's technology ("Oragenics ECC 1 Product"); (ii) 1.5% of Oragenics' outstanding shares as defined in the ECC agreement at the date of the dosing of the first patient in the first Phase II clinical trial of an Oragenics ECC 1 Product; (iii) 2% of Oragenics' outstanding shares as defined in the ECC agreement at the date of the dosing of the first patient in the first Phase III clinical trial of an Oragenics ECC 1 Product; (iv) 2.5% of Oragenics' outstanding shares as defined in the ECC agreement at the date of the first New Drug Application or Biologics License Application with the U.S. FDA for an Oragenics ECC 1 Product, or alternatively the first equivalent regulatory filing with a foreign agency; and (v) 3% of Oragenics' outstanding shares as defined in the ECC agreement at the date of the granting of the first regulatory approval of an Oragenics ECC 1 Product. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the agreement during the ECC and manufacturing services for Company materials provided to Oragenics during the ECC. Oragenics will pay the Company 25% of the quarterly profits derived from the sale of products developed from the ECC, as defined in the agreement. Oragenics is responsible for funding the further development of lantibiotics toward the goal of commercialization, conducting preclinical and clinical development of product candidates, as well as for other aspects of commercialization or manufacturing of the product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in June 2012 and continues until terminated pursuant to the ECC agreement. The ECC may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Oragenics upon 90 days written notice to the Company. In September 2013, the Company entered into its second ECC with Oragenics ("Oragenics ECC 2"). Pursuant to Oragenics ECC 2, at the transaction effective date, Oragenics received a license to the Company's technology platform to develop and commercialize probiotics, specifically the direct administration to humans of genetically modified probiotics for the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity, throat, sinus and esophagus as defined more specifically in the agreement. Upon execution of Oragenics ECC 2, the Company received a technology access fee of 1,348,000 shares of Oragenics' common stock valued at $3,503 and a $1,956 convertible promissory note maturing on or before December 31, 2013 as upfront consideration. Prior to the maturity date, Oragenics had the right to convert the promissory note into shares of Oragenics' common stock subject to its shareholders' approval. The conversion price was equal to the closing price of Oragenics' common stock on the last trading day immediately prior to the date of conversion. In December 2013, Oragenics converted the promissory note into 698,241 shares of Oragenics' common stock. In September 2015, Oragenics and the Company mutually agreed to terminate Oragenics ECC 2 and accordingly, the Company recognized the remaining balance of the deferred revenue associated with the upfront payment. In June 2015, the Company entered into its third ECC with Oragenics ("Oragenics ECC 3"). Pursuant to Oragenics ECC 3, at the transaction effective date, Oragenics received a license to the Company's technology platform within the field of biotherapeutics for use in certain treatments of oral mucositis and other diseases and conditions of the oral cavity, throat, and esophagus. Upon execution of Oragenics ECC 3, the Company received a technology access fee of a $5,000 convertible promissory note maturing on or before December 31, 2015 as upfront consideration. Prior to the maturity date, Oragenics had the right to convert the promissory note into shares of Oragenics' common stock, subject to its shareholders' approval. In December 2015, Oragenics converted the promissory note into 3,381,004 shares of Oragenics' common stock. The Company is also entitled to up to $22,000 of potential payments for development and commercial milestones for each Oragenics product developed from Oragenics ECC 3 and up to $10,000 of potential one-time payments for certain regulatory milestones under Oragenics ECC 3. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the agreement during the ECC and manufacturing services for Company materials provided to Oragenics during Oragenics ECC 3. Oragenics will pay the Company royalties as a percentage in the low-teens of net sales derived from the sale of products developed from Oragenics ECC 3, as defined in the agreement. Oragenics is responsible for funding the further development of Oragenics ECC 3 products towards the goal of commercialization, conducting preclinical and clinical development of product candidates, as well as for other aspects of commercialization or manufacturing of the product candidates. The term of Oragenics ECC 3 commenced in June 2015 and may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Oragenics upon 90 days written notice to the Company. Fibrocell Science Collaborations In October 2012, the Company entered into an ECC ("Fibrocell ECC 1") with Fibrocell Science, Inc. ("Fibrocell"), a publicly traded cell and gene therapy company focused on diseases affecting the skin and connective tissue and a related party. Pursuant to the ECC, at the transaction effective date, Fibrocell received a license to the Company's technology platform to develop and commercialize genetically modified and non-genetically modified autologous fibroblasts and autologous dermal cells in the United States of America. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee of 1,317,520 shares of Fibrocell's common stock valued at $7,576 as upfront consideration. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the agreement during the ECC and manufacturing services for Company materials provided to Fibrocell during the ECC. On a quarterly basis, Fibrocell will pay the Company royalties of 7% of net sales up to $25,000 and 14% of net sales above $25,000 on each product developed from the ECC, as defined in the agreement. If Fibrocell uses the Company's technology platform to improve the production of a current or new Fibrocell product not developed from the ECC, Fibrocell will pay the Company quarterly royalties equal to 33% of the cost of goods sold savings generated by the improvement, as defined in the agreement. Fibrocell is responsible for conducting preclinical and clinical development of product candidates associated with Fibrocell ECC 1, as well as for other aspects of commercialization and manufacturing of the product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in October 2012 and continues until terminated pursuant to the ECC agreement. The ECC may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Fibrocell upon 90 days written notice to the Company. In June 2013, the Company and Fibrocell entered into an amendment to the Fibrocell ECC 1. The amendment expanded the field of use defined in the ECC agreement. Under the terms of the amendment to the Fibrocell ECC 1, the Company received 1,243,781 shares of Fibrocell's common stock valued at $7,612 as a supplemental technology access fee. The Company allocated this additional consideration to the appropriate unit of accounting and is recognizing it consistent with the unit of accounting. In January 2014, the Company and Fibrocell entered into a second amendment to the Fibrocell ECC 1. The second amendment further expanded the field of use defined in the ECC agreement. Under the terms of the second amendment to the Fibrocell ECC 1, the Company received 1,024,590 shares of Fibrocell's common stock valued at $5,225 as a supplemental technology access fee. The Company allocated this additional consideration to the appropriate unit of accounting. In September 2015, Fibrocell and the Company mutually agreed to terminate the second amendment to the ECC and accordingly, the Company recognized the remaining balance of deferred revenue associated with the related upfront payment. In December 2015, the Company entered into a second ECC with Fibrocell ("Fibrocell ECC 2"). Pursuant to the ECC, at the transaction effective date, Fibrocell received a license to the Company's technology platform to develop and commercialize genetically-modified fibroblasts to treat chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the joint, including arthritis and related conditions. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee of $10,000. The Company is also entitled to (i) up to $30,000 of potential one-time payments for certain development and regulatory milestones for the first product developed under Fibrocell ECC 2, (ii) up to $30,000 of potential payments for certain regulatory milestones for each additional product developed under Fibrocell ECC 2, and (iii) up to $22,500 of potential payments for certain sales milestones for each product developed under Fibrocell ECC 2. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the agreement during the ECC and manufacturing services for Company materials provided to Fibrocell during the ECC. Fibrocell will pay the Company royalties as a percentage in the low double-digits of net sales derived from the sale of products developed from Fibrocell ECC 2, as defined in the agreement. Fibrocell is responsible for conducting preclinical and clinical development of product candidates associated with Fibrocell ECC 2, as well as for other aspects of commercialization and manufacturing of the product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in December 2015 and continues until terminated pursuant to the ECC agreement. The ECC may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Fibrocell upon 90 days written notice to the Company. Genopaver Collaboration In March 2013, the Company entered into an ECC with Genopaver, LLC ("Genopaver"), an affiliate of Third Security and a related party. Genopaver was formed for the purpose of entering into the ECC and developing and commercializing products in the field of the fermentative production of alkaloids through genetically modified cell-lines and substrate feeds for use as active pharmaceutical ingredients or as commercially sold intermediates in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee of $3,000 as upfront consideration. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the agreement during the ECC. Genopaver will pay the Company royalties as a percentage in the lower-double digits on the quarterly gross profits of product sales from products developed under the ECC, as defined in the agreement. Genopaver is responsible for the development and commercialization of the product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in March 2013 and continues until terminated pursuant to the ECC agreement. The ECC may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Genopaver upon 90 days written notice to the Company. AquaBounty Collaboration In February 2013, the Company entered into an ECC with AquaBounty, a majority-owned consolidated subsidiary. The Company will be reimbursed for research and development services as provided for in the ECC agreement. In the event of product sales from a product developed from the ECC, the Company will receive 16.66% of quarterly gross profits for each product, as defined in the agreement. All revenues and expenses related to this ECC are eliminated in consolidation. S & I Ophthalmic Collaboration In September 2013, the Company entered into an ECC with S & I Ophthalmic, a joint venture between the Company and Sun Pharmaceutical Subsidiary, an indirect subsidiary of Sun Pharmaceutical, an international specialty pharmaceutical company focused on chronic diseases, and a related party. The ECC grants S & I Ophthalmic an exclusive license to the Company's technology platform to develop and commercialize therapies in humans for the treatment of ocular diseases defined more specifically in the agreement. The Company will be reimbursed for research and development services pursuant to the agreement and manufacturing services for Company materials provided to S & I Ophthalmic during the ECC. Subject to certain expense allocations, S & I Ophthalmic will pay the Company royalties with percentages ranging from mid-single digits and above of the net sales derived from the sale of products developed under the ECC, as defined in the agreement. The term of the ECC commenced in September 2013 and continues until terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by S & I Ophthalmic upon 90 days written notice to the Company. BioPop Collaboration In October 2013, the Company entered into an ECC with BioPop, a majority-owned consolidated subsidiary. The ECC grants BioPop an exclusive license to the Company's technology platform to develop and commercialize artwork, children's toys and novelty goods that are derived from living organisms or are enabled by synthetic biology. The Company will be reimbursed for research and development services and manufacturing services as provided for in the ECC agreement. The Company is entitled to royalties in the mid-single digits as a percentage of the net product sales of a product developed under the ECC, as defined in the agreement. All revenues and expenses related to this ECC are eliminated in consolidation. OvaXon Collaboration In December 2013, the Company entered into an ECC with OvaXon, a joint venture between the Company and OvaScience, a life sciences company focused on infertility treatments, and a related party. The ECC grants OvaXon an exclusive license to the Company's technology platform to create new applications for improving human and animal health. OvaScience also licensed certain technology to OvaXon pursuant to a separate license agreement. The Company will be reimbursed for research and development services and manufacturing services as provided for in the ECC agreement. The term of the ECC commenced in December 2013 and continues until terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by OvaXon upon 90 days written notice to the Company. Intrexon Energy Partners Collaboration In March 2014, the Company entered into an ECC with Intrexon Energy Partners, a joint venture between the Company and certain investors and a related party. The ECC grants Intrexon Energy Partners an exclusive license to the Company's technology platform to optimize and scale-up the Company's gas-to-liquid bioconversion platform for the production of certain fuels and lubricants. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee of $25,000 as upfront consideration. The Company will be reimbursed for research and development services as provided for in the ECC agreement. The term of the ECC commenced in March 2014 and continues until March 2034 unless terminated prior to that date by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Intrexon Energy Partners upon 90 days written notice to the Company. Persea Bio Collaboration In December 2014, the Company entered into an ECC with Persea Bio, LLC ("Persea Bio"), an affiliate of Third Security and a related party. Persea Bio was formed for the purpose of entering into the ECC and developing and commercializing a food program, as defined in the agreement. Upon effectiveness of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee of $5,000 as upfront consideration. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the agreement during the ECC. Persea Bio will pay the Company royalties as a percentage in the lower-double digits on the quarterly gross profits of product sales from products derived from the ECC, as defined in the agreement. Persea Bio is responsible for the development and commercialization of the product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in December 2014 and continues until terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Persea Bio upon 90 days written notice to the Company. Merck Licensing Agreement In March 2015, the Company signed a worldwide License and Collaboration Agreement ("Merck Agreement") with Ares Trading S.A. ("Ares Trading"), a subsidiary of the biopharmaceutical business of Merck KGaA, and ZIOPHARM through which the parties established a collaboration for the research and development and commercialization of certain products for the prophylactic, therapeutic, palliative or diagnostic use for cancer in humans. Pursuant to the Merck Agreement, the Company received a technology access fee of $115,000 as upfront consideration, of which $57,500 was paid to ZIOPHARM in accordance with the terms of the agreement. Upon the selection of the first two targets by Ares Trading, the Company is entitled to receive $10,000 payable in equal quarterly installments over two years, of which $3,750 is included in trade receivables on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016. The Company is entitled to receive a further $5,000 for each additional target selected by Ares Trading. The Company is also entitled to up to $413,000 of potential payments for substantive and non-substantive development and commercial milestones for each product, and royalties ranging from the lower-single digits to the low-teens of the net sales derived from the sale of products developed under the Merck Agreement. The Company may also receive up to $50,000 of further cash fees upon certain technical milestones as provided for in the agreement. The term of the Merck Agreement commenced in May 2015 and may be terminated by either party in the event of a material breach as defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Ares Trading upon 90 days written notice to the Company. The Company will pay to ZIOPHARM 50% of all payments received for upfront fees, milestones, and royalties under the Merck Agreement. Thrive Agrobiotics Collaboration In September 2015, the Company entered into an ECC with Thrive Agrobiotics, Inc. ("Thrive Agrobiotics"), an affiliate of Harvest and a related party. Thrive Agrobiotics was formed for the purpose of entering into the ECC and developing and commercializing products to improve the overall growth and feed efficiency in piglets. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee in the form of equity in Thrive Agrobiotics valued at $1,667 as upfront consideration. The Company is also entitled to up to $5,500 of potential payments for development and commercial milestones for each product developed under the ECC. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the agreement during the ECC. Thrive Agrobiotics will pay the Company royalties as a percentage in the lower-double digits on the quarterly gross profits of product sales from products developed under the ECC, as defined in the agreement. Thrive Agrobiotics is responsible for the development and commercialization of the product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in September 2015 and continues until terminated pursuant to the ECC agreement. The ECC may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Thrive Agrobiotics upon 90 days written notice to the Company. Intrexon Energy Partners II Collaboration In December 2015, the Company entered into an ECC with Intrexon Energy Partners II, a joint venture between the Company and certain investors and a related party. Pursuant to the ECC, Intrexon Energy Partners II received an exclusive license to the Company's technology platform to optimize and scale-up the Company's gas-to-liquid bioconversion platform for the production of 1,4-butanediol (BDO), a key chemical intermediate that is used to manufacture spandex, polyurethane, plastics, and polyester. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee of $18,000 and is entitled to reimbursement of research and development services as provided for in the ECC agreement. The term of the ECC commenced in December 2015 and continues until December 2035; termination prior to that date may be initiated (i) by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement or (ii) may be terminated voluntarily by Intrexon Energy Partners II upon 90 days written notice to the Company. Exotech Bio Collaboration In March 2016, the Company entered into an ECC with Exotech Bio, Inc. ("Exotech Bio"), an affiliate of Harvest and a related party. Exotech Bio was formed for the purpose of entering into the ECC and developing and commercializing products using exosomes carrying a RNA payload designed to kill, suppress, or render immune-visible a cancer cell. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee in the form of equity in Exotech Bio valued at $5,000 as upfront consideration. The Company is also entitled to up to $52,500 of potential payments for substantive and non-substantive development and commercial milestones for each product developed under the ECC. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the ECC. Exotech Bio will pay the Company royalties as a percentage in the lower double-digits on the quarterly net sales of products developed under the ECC, as defined in the agreement. Exotech Bio is responsible for the development and commercialization of the product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in March 2016 and continues until terminated pursuant to the ECC agreement. The ECC may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Exotech Bio upon 90 days written notice to the Company. Relieve Genetics Collaboration In March 2016, the Company entered into an ECC with Relieve Genetics, Inc. ("Relieve Genetics"), an affiliate of Harvest and a related party. Relieve Genetics was formed for the purpose of entering into the ECC and developing and commercializing products using a viral vector expressing interleukin-10 for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain resultant from cancer in humans. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee in the form of equity in Relieve Genetics valued at $4,333 as upfront consideration. The Company is also entitled to up to $52,500 of potential payments for substantive and non-substantive development and commercial milestones for each product developed under the ECC. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the ECC. Relieve Genetics will pay the Company royalties as a percentage in the lower double-digits on the quarterly net sales of products developed under the ECC, as defined in the agreement. Relieve Genetics is responsible for the development and commercialization of the product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in March 2016 and continues until terminated pursuant to the ECC agreement. The ECC may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Relieve Genetics upon 90 days written notice to the Company. Intrexon T1D Partners Collaboration In March 2016, the Company entered into an ECC with Intrexon T1D Partners, a joint venture between the Company and certain investors and a related party. Pursuant to the ECC, Intrexon T1D Partners received an exclusive license to the Company's technology platform to develop and commercialize products to treat type 1 diabetes. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee of $10,000 and is entitled to reimbursement of research and development services as provided for in the ECC agreement. The term of the ECC commenced in March 2016 and continues until March 2036; termination prior to that date may be initiated (i) by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement or (ii) may be terminated Intrexon T1D Partners upon 90 days written notice to the Company. AD Skincare Collaboration In June 2016, the Company entered into an ECC with AD Skincare, Inc. ("AD Skincare"), an affiliate of Harvest and a related party. AD Skincare was formed for the purpose of entering into the ECC and developing an advanced topical delivery system to improve the efficacy of biologically active ingredients aimed at improving signs of aging human skin. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee in the form of equity in AD Skincare valued at $4,333 as upfront consideration. The Company is also entitled to up to $2,000 of potential payments for substantive and non-substantive development milestones for each product developed under the ECC, as well as up to $17,000 in one-time commercial milestones. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the ECC. AD Skincare will pay the Company royalties as a percentage in the low double-digits on the quarterly net sales of products developed under the ECC, as defined in the agreement. AD Skincare is responsible for the development and commercialization of the product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in June 2016 and continues until terminated pursuant to the ECC agreement. The ECC may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by AD Skincare upon 90 days written notice to the Company. Genten Therapeutics Collaboration In September 2016, the Company entered into an ECC with Genten Therapeutics, Inc. ("Genten Therapeutics"), an affiliate of Harvest and a related party. Genten Therapeutics was formed for the purpose of entering into the ECC and developing and commercializing products using the Company's technology for expression of gluten peptides, alone or in combination with immunomodulatory cytokines, to reestablish immune tolerance for patients with celiac disease. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee in the form of a $1,500 cash payment and equity in Genten Therapeutics valued at $3,000 as upfront consideration. The Company is entitled to receive additional equity interests in Genten Therapeutics upon the first instance of the achievement of a certain non-substantive development milestone. The Company is also entitled to up to $82,000 of potential payments for substantive and non-substantive development and commercial milestones for each product developed under the ECC. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the ECC. Genten Therapeutics will pay the Company royalties as a percentage in the lower double-digits on the quarterly net sales of products developed under the ECC, as defined in the agreement. Genten Therapeutics is responsible for the development and commercialization of the product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in September 2016 and continues until terminated pursuant to the ECC agreement. The ECC may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by Genten Therapeutics upon 90 days written notice to the Company. CRS Bio Collaboration In September 2016, the Company entered into an ECC with CRS Bio, Inc. ("CRS Bio"), an affiliate of Harvest and a related party. CRS Bio was formed for the purpose of entering into the ECC and developing and commercializing products through targeted delivery of antibodies for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps, by utilizing the Company's technology to block inflammatory mediators in the nasal passage, leading to improved breathing and, importantly, patients' quality of life. Upon execution of the ECC, the Company received a technology access fee in the form of equity in CRS Bio valued at $2,100. The Company is entitled to receive additional equity interests in CRS Bio upon the first instance of the achievement of a certain non-substantive development milestone. The Company is also entitled to up to $75,000 of potential payments for substantive and non-substantive development and commercial milestones for each product developed under the ECC. The Company receives reimbursement payments for research and development services provided pursuant to the ECC. CRS Bio will pay the Company royalties as a percentage in the lower double-digits on the quarterly net sales of products developed under the ECC, as defined in the agreement. CRS Bio is responsible for the development and commercialization of the product candidates. The term of the ECC commenced in September 2016 and continues until terminated pursuant to the ECC agreement. The ECC may be terminated by either party in the event of certain material breaches defined in the agreement and may be terminated voluntarily by CRS Bio upon 90 days written notice to the Company. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue primarily consists of consideration received for upfront and milestone payments in connection with the Company's collaborations and licensing agreements, prepayments for research and development services performed for collaborators and licensees, and prepayments for product and service revenues. Deferred revenue consists of the following:
| December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
Upfront and milestone payments | $ | 297,867 |  |  | $ | 181,331 |
Prepaid research and development services | 6,015 |  |  | 10,938 |
Prepaid product and service revenues | 5,554 |  |  | 4,759 |
Other | 706 |  |  | 701 |
Total | $ | 310,142 |  |  | $ | 197,729 |
Current portion of deferred revenue | $ | 53,364 |  |  | $ | 35,366 |
Long-term portion of deferred revenue | 256,778 |  |  | 162,363 |
Total | $ | 310,142 |  |  | $ | 197,729 |
The following table summarizes the remaining balance of deferred revenue associated with upfront and milestone payments for each significant collaboration and licensing agreement.
| December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
ZIOPHARM Oncology, Inc. | $ | 138,809 |  |  | $ | 30,338 |
Oragenics, Inc. | 7,766 |  |  | 8,813 |
Fibrocell Science, Inc. | 19,026 |  |  | 21,445 |
Genopaver, LLC | 1,977 |  |  | 2,250 |
Intrexon Energy Partners, LLC | 18,125 |  |  | 20,625 |
Persea Bio, LLC | 4,000 |  |  | 4,500 |
Ares Trading S.A. | 47,178 |  |  | 53,567 |
Thrive Agrobiotics, Inc. | 1,436 |  |  | 1,621 |
Intrexon Energy Partners II, LLC | 15,833 |  |  | 17,833 |
Exotech Bio, Inc. | 4,583 |  |  | — |
Relieve Genetics, Inc. | 3,972 |  |  | — |
Intrexon T1D Partners, LLC | 8,653 |  |  | — |
AD Skincare, Inc. | 4,092 |  |  | — |
Genten Therapeutics, Inc. | 4,176 |  |  | — |
CRS Bio, Inc. | 1,949 |  |  | — |
Other | 16,292 |  |  | 20,339 |
Total | $ | 297,867 |  |  | $ | 181,331 |

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