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Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are as follows:
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
149,585

Impairment
(178
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
(1,458
)
Balance at September 30, 2019
$
147,949


The Company had $14,001 and $13,823 of accumulated impairment losses as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
In April 2019, as a result of the Company's change in segments (Notes 2 and 19), the Company concluded that certain operating segments are now separate reporting units. Accordingly, the Company performed a relative fair value allocation of certain of its goodwill.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $178 of goodwill impairment losses in conjunction with the closing of two of its reporting units during the third quarter of 2019.
Intangible assets consist of the following as of September 30, 2019:
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net
Patents, developed technologies and know-how
$
136,114

 
$
(38,804
)
 
$
97,310

Customer relationships
10,700

 
(8,221
)
 
2,479

Trademarks
5,900

 
(3,685
)
 
2,215

In-process research and development
5,137

 
—

 
5,137

Total
$
157,851

 
$
(50,710
)
 
$
107,141


Intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2018:
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net
Patents, developed technologies and know-how
$
152,482

 
$
(35,133
)
 
$
117,349

Customer relationships
10,700

 
(7,565
)
 
3,135

Trademarks
6,800

 
(3,341
)
 
3,459

In-process research and development
5,348

 
—

 
5,348

Total
$
175,330

 
$
(46,039
)
 
$
129,291


The balance of in-process research and development includes certain in-process research and development technology acquired in the Company's acquisition of Oxitec in September 2015, and amortization will begin once certain regulatory approvals have been obtained for the in-process programs.
The deconsolidation of AquaBounty (Note 1) in April 2019 resulted in the reduction of $11,567 of net intangible assets, primarily related to patents, developed technologies, and know-how, on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2019.
Amortization expense was $2,728 and $4,689 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $8,498 and $14,472 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.