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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ## Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies ### Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements of Center Bancorp, Inc. (the "Parent Corporation") are prepared on the accrual basis and include the accounts of the Parent Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Union Center National Bank (the "Bank", and collectively with the Parent Corporation and the Parent Corporation's other direct and indirect subsidiaries, the "Corporation"). All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated from the accompanying consolidated financial statements. ### Business The Parent Corporation is a bank holding company whose principal activity is the ownership and management of Union Center National Bank as mentioned above. The Bank provides a full range of banking services to individual and corporate customers through branch locations in Union and Morris counties, New Jersey. Additionally, the Bank originates residential mortgage loans and services such loans for others. The Bank is subject to competition from other financial institutions and the regulations of certain federal and state agencies and undergoes periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities. ### Basis of Financial Statement Presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. ### Use of Estimates In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the statement of condition and revenues and expenses for the reported periods. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, other-than-temporary impairment evaluation of securities, the evaluation of the impairment of goodwill, the income tax provision and the valuation of deferred tax assets. ### Cash and Due from Banks Cash and due from banks includes cash on hand and balances due from correspondent banks including the Federal Reserve Bank. ### Investment Securities The Corporation accounts for its investment securities in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 320-10-05. Investments are classified into the following categories: (1) held to maturity securities, for which the Corporation has both the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity, which are reported at amortized cost; (2) trading securities, which are purchased and held principally for the purpose of selling in the near term and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings; and (3) available-for-sale securities, which do not meet the criteria of the other two categories and which management believes may be sold prior to maturity due to changes in interest rates, prepayment, risk, liquidity or other factors, and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable income taxes, reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, which is included in stockholders' equity and excluded from earnings. Investment securities are adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, which are recognized on a level yield method, as adjustments to interest income. Investment securities gains or losses are determined using the specific identification method. Securities are evaluated on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when market conditions warrant such an evaluation, to determine whether a decline in their value is other-than-temporary. In April 2009, the FASB issued FASB ASC 320-10-65, which was adopted as of June 30, 2009. The accounting standard clarifies the interaction of the factors that should be considered when determining whether a debt security is other–than-temporarily impaired. For debt securities, management must assess whether (a) it has the intent to sell the security and (b) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security prior to its anticipated recovery. These steps are done before assessing whether the entity will recover the cost basis of the investment. Prior to the June 30, 2009 adoption, this assessment required management to assert it has both the intent and the ability to hold a security for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery in fair value to avoid recognizing an other-than-temporary impairment. This change does not affect the need to forecast recovery of the value of the security through either cash flows or market price. In instances when a determination is made that an other-than-temporary impairment exists but the investor does not intend to sell the debt security and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security prior to its anticipated recovery, FASB ASC 320-10-65 changes the presentation and amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in the income statement. The other-than-temporary impairment is separated into (a) the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to a decrease in cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security (the credit loss) and (b) the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to the credit loss is recognized through earnings. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors is recognized through other comprehensive income. Impairment charges on certain investment securities of approximately $0.3 million, $5.6 million and $4.2 million were recognized in earnings during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. ### Loans Held for Sale Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value or fair value under the fair value option accounting guidance for financial instruments. For loans carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value, gains and losses on loan sales (sale proceeds minus carrying value) are recorded in other income and direct loan origination costs and fees are deferred at origination of the loan and are recognized in other income upon sale of the loan. The Corporation had $1,018,000 and $333,000 in loans held for sale at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. ### Loans Loans are stated at their principal amounts inclusive of net deferred loan origination fees. Interest income is credited as earned except when a loan becomes past due 90 days or more and doubt exists as to the ultimate collection of interest or principal; in those cases the recognition of income is discontinued. Loans that are past due 90 days or more that are both well secured and in the process of collection will remain on an accruing basis. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, interest accruals cease and uncollected accrued interest is reversed and charged against current income. In July 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2010-20 (FASB ASC 310), "Disclosures about the Credit Quality of Financing Receivables and the Allowance for Credit Losses," which requires that the Corporation provide a greater level of disaggregated information about the credit quality of the Corporation's loans and leases and the allowance for loan and lease losses (the "Allowance"). This ASU also requires the Corporation to disclose on a prospective basis, additional information related to credit quality indicators, non-accrual loans and leases, and past due information. The Corporation adopted the provisions of this ASU in preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010. As this ASU amends only the disclosure requirements for loans and leases and the Allowance, the adoption had no impact on the Corporation's statements of income and condition. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the required disclosures. Portfolio segments are defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its Allowance. Management has determined that the Corporation has two portfolio segments of loans and leases (commercial and consumer) in determining the Allowance. Both quantitative and qualitative factors are used by management at the portfolio segment level in determining the adequacy of the Allowance for the Corporation. Classes of loans and leases are a disaggregation of a Corporation's portfolio segments. Classes are defined as a group of loans and leases which share similar initial measurement attributes, risk characteristics, and methods for monitoring and assessing credit risk. Management has determined that the Corporation has five classes of loans and leases (commercial and industrial (including lease financing), commercial — real estate, construction, residential mortgage (including home equity) and installment). Generally, all classes of commercial and consumer loans and leases are placed on non-accrual status upon becoming contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest (unless loans and leases are adequately secured by collateral, are in the process of collection, and are reasonably expected to result in repayment), when terms are renegotiated below market levels, or where substantial doubt about full repayment of principal or interest is evident. For certain installment loans, the entire outstanding balance on the loan is charged-off when the loan becomes 60 days past due. Payments received on non-accrual loans are applied against principal. A loan may only be restored to an accruing basis when it again becomes well secured and in the process of collection or all past due amounts have been collected. Loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the loan as an adjustment to the loan's yield using the level yield method. ### Impaired Loans The Corporation accounts for impaired loans in accordance with FASB ASC 310-10-35. The value of an impaired loan is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan's observable market price or at the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The Corporation has defined its population of impaired loans to include all non-accrual and troubled debt restructuring loans. As part of the evaluation, the Corporation reviews all non-homogeneous loans for impairment internally classified as substandard or below, in each instance above an established dollar threshold of $200,000. Smaller impaired non-homogeneous loans and impaired homogeneous loans are not measured for specific reserves and are covered under the Corporation's general reserve. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Corporation will not be able to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan, including scheduled interest payments. Impaired loans include all classes of commercial and consumer non-accruing loans and all loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"). When a loan has been identified as being impaired, the amount of impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price, or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs, if the loan is collateral-dependent. If the measurement of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (including accrued interest, net of deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premiums or discounts), an impairment is recognized by creating or adjusting an existing allocation of the Allowance, or by recording a partial charge-off of the loan to its fair value. Interest payments made on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest income may be accrued or recognized on a cash basis. ### Loans Modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring Loans are considered to have been modified in a TDR when due to a borrower's financial difficulties, the Corporation makes certain concessions to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Modifications may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness, forbearance, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. Generally, a non-accrual loan that has been modified in a TDR remains on non-accrual status for a period of six months to demonstrate that the borrower is able to meet the terms of the modified loan. However, performance prior to the modification, or significant events that coincide with the modification, are included in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms and may result in the loan being returned to accrual status at the time of loan modification or after a shorter performance period. If the borrower's ability to meet the revised payment schedule is uncertain, the loan remains on non-accrual status. ### Reserve for Credit Losses A consequence of lending activities is that the Corporation may incur losses. The amount of such losses will vary depending upon the risk characteristics of the loan and lease portfolio as affected by economic conditions such as rising interest rates and the financial performance of borrowers. The Corporation's reserve for credit losses is comprised of two components, the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments (the "Unfunded Commitments"). The reserve for credit losses provides for credit losses inherent in lending or commitments to lend and is based on loss estimates derived from a comprehensive quarterly evaluation, reflecting analyses of individual borrowers and historical loss experience, supplemented as necessary by credit judgment to address observed changes in trends, conditions, and other relevant environmental and economic factors. ### Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses ("allowance") is maintained at a level determined adequate to provide for probable loan losses. The allowance is increased by provisions charged to operations and reduced by loan charge-offs, net of recoveries. The allowance is based on management's evaluation of the loan portfolio considering economic conditions, the volume and nature of the loan portfolio, historical loan loss experience and individual credit situations. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near-term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses. In connection with the determination of the allowance for loan losses, management obtains independent appraisals for significant properties. The ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the Bank's loan portfolio is susceptible to changes in the real estate market and economic conditions in the State of New Jersey and the impact of such conditions on the creditworthiness of the borrowers. Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate. Management uses available information to recognize loan losses; however, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank's allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examinations. ### Reserve for Unfunded Commitments The reserve for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb estimated probable losses related to unfunded credit facilities and is included in other liabilities in the consolidated statements of condition. The determination of the adequacy of the reserve is based upon an evaluation of the unfunded credit facilities, including an assessment of historical commitment utilization experience, and credit risk. Net adjustments to the reserve for unfunded commitments are included in other expense. ### Premises and Equipment Land is carried at cost and bank premises and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation based on estimated useful lives of assets, computed principally on a straight-line basis. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred; major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Gains and losses on sales or other dispositions are recorded as a component of other income or other expenses. During the second quarter of 2010, the Corporation entered into a lease of its former operations facility under a direct financing lease. The lease has a 15 year term with no renewal options. According to the terms of the lease, the lessee has an obligation to purchase the property underlying the lease in either year seven (7), ten (10) or fifteen (15) at predetermined prices for those years as provided in the lease. The structure of the minimum lease payments and the purchase prices as provided in the lease provide an inducement to the lessee to purchase the property in year seven (7). ### Other Real Estate Owned Other real estate owned ("OREO"), representing property acquired through foreclosure and held for sale, are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequently, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Costs relating to holding the assets are charged to expenses. During the fourth quarter of 2011, the Corporation sold one commercial property and one residential property in Union County, New Jersey which were carried as OREO. During the fourth quarter of 2010, the Corporation sold one residential property in Morris County, New Jersey, and one residential property in Union County, New Jersey which were carried as OREO. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Corporation had $591,000 and $0, in OREO, respectively. ### Mortgage Servicing The Corporation performs various servicing functions on loans owned by others. A fee, usually based on a percentage of the outstanding principal balance of the loan, is received for those services. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Corporation was servicing approximately $8.9 million and $5.3 million, respectively, of loans for others. The Corporation accounts for its servicing of financial assets in accordance with FASB ASC 860-50. The Corporation originates mortgages under plans to sell those loans and service the loans owned by the investor. The Corporation records mortgage servicing rights and the loans based on relative fair values at the date of sale. The balance of mortgage servicing rights at December 31, 2011 and 2010 are immaterial to the Corporation's consolidated financial statements. ### Employee Benefit Plans The Corporation has a non-contributory pension plan covering all eligible employees up until September 30, 2007, at which time the Corporation froze its defined benefit pension plan. As such, all future benefit accruals in this pension plan were discontinued and all retirement benefits that employees would have earned as of September 30, 2007 were preserved. The Corporation's policy is to fund at least the minimum contribution required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. The costs associated with the plan are accrued based on actuarial assumptions and included in other expense. The Corporation accounts for its defined benefit pension plan in accordance with FASB ASC 715-30. FASB ASC 715-30 requires that the funded status of defined benefit postretirement plans be recognized on the Corporation's statement of condition and changes in the funded status be reflected in other comprehensive income. FASB ASC 715-30 also requires companies to measure the funded status of the plan as of the date of its fiscal year-end. ### Stock-Based Compensation Stock compensation accounting guidance (FASB ASC 718, "Compensation-Stock Compensation") requires that the compensation cost related to share-based payment transactions be recognized in financial statements. That cost will be measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. The stock compensation accounting guidance covers a wide range of share-based compensation arrangements including stock options, restricted share plans, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights and employee share purchase plans. Stock compensation accounting guidance requires that compensation cost for all stock awards be calculated and recognized over the employees' service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded-vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. A Black-Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options while the market price of the Corporation's common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards. See Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion. ### Earnings per Share Basic Earnings per Share ("EPS") is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS includes any additional common shares as if all potentially dilutive common shares were issued (e.g. stock options). The Corporation's weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted EPS include the effect of stock options outstanding using the Treasury Stock Method, which are not included in the calculation of basic EPS. Earnings per common share have been computed based on the following:
|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2011 |  | 2010 |  | 2009
|  | (In Thousands, Except per Share Amounts)
Net income |  | $ | 13,926 |  |  | $ | 7,004 |  |  | $ | 3,771 |
Preferred stock dividends and accretion |  |  | 820 |  |  |  | 581 |  |  |  | 567 |
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 13,106 |  |  | $ | 6,423 |  |  | $ | 3,204 |
Average number of common shares outstanding |  |  | 16,296 |  |  |  | 15,026 |  |  |  | 13,383 |
Effect of dilutive options |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |
Average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per common share |  |  | 16,315 |  |  |  | 15,027 |  |  |  | 13,385 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |
### Treasury Stock The Parent Corporation, under a stock buyback program last amended on June 26, 2008, is authorized to buy back up to 2,039,731 shares of the Parent Corporation's common stock. Subject to limitations applicable to the Corporation, purchases may be made from time to time as, in the opinion of management, market conditions warrant, in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. Shares repurchased will be added to the corporate treasury and will be used for future stock dividends and other issuances. As of December 31, 2011, Center Bancorp had 16.3 million shares of common stock outstanding. As of December 31, 2011, the Parent Corporation had purchased 1,386,863 common shares at an average cost per share of $11.44 under the stock buyback program as amended on October 1, 2007 and June 26, 2008. The repurchased shares were recorded as treasury stock, which resulted in a decrease in stockholders' equity. Treasury stock is recorded using the cost method and accordingly is presented as a reduction of stockholders' equity. During the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Parent Corporation did not purchase any of its shares. ### Goodwill The Corporation adopted the provisions of FASB ASC 350-10 (previously SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets"), which requires that goodwill be tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise for impairment. No impairment charge was deemed necessary for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. ### Comprehensive Income Total comprehensive income includes all changes in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The Corporation's other comprehensive income is comprised of unrealized holding gains and losses on securities available-for-sale and unrecognized actuarial gains and losses of the Corporation's defined benefit pension plan, net of taxes. Disclosure of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity and presented in detail in Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. ### Bank-Owned Life Insurance The Corporation invests in Bank-Owned Life Insurance ("BOLI") to help offset the rising cost of employee benefits. During the 3rd quarter of 2010 the Corporation redeemed BOLI policies for proceeds of $5.6 million and purchased additional BOLI policies of $6.0 million. In conjunction with the redemption, the Corporation recorded a tax expense of $633,000. The change in the cash surrender value of the BOLI is recorded as a component of other income. ### Income Taxes The Corporation recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which the differences are expected to be settled. Income tax-related interest and penalties are classified as a component of income tax expense. ASC Topic 740, Taxes, provides clarification on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Corporation has not identified any income tax uncertainties. ### Advertising Costs The Corporation recognizes its marketing and advertising cost as incurred. Advertising costs were $131,000, $268,000 and $366,000 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. ### Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made in the consolidated financial statements for 2010 and 2009 to conform to the classifications presented in 2011.

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