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Deferred Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] |
Deferred Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs | Revenue from Contracts with Customers We generate products revenue from the sale of (1) cloud-based subscriptions for our InsightIDR, InsightVM, InsightAppSec and InsightConnect products, (2) managed services offerings which utilize our products and (3) term or perpetual software licenses for our Nexpose, Metasploit, AppSpider and DivvyCloud products, and associated content subscriptions for our Nexpose and Metasploit products. We generate maintenance and support revenue that is included in our products revenue and is associated with customers’ purchases of our software licenses for Nexpose, Metasploit and AppSpider products. We generate professional service revenue from the sale of our deployment and training services related to our solutions, incident response services, penetration testing and security advisory services. Our deployment services educate and assist our customers on the best use and best practices to deploy our solutions. The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in thousands)
Subscription revenue | $ | 78,721 |  |  | $ | 57,885 |  |  | $ | 220,142 |  |  | $ | 157,163 |
Term and perpetual software licenses | 11,904 |  |  | 9,160 |  |  | 33,456 |  |  | 28,151 |
Maintenance and support | 7,743 |  |  | 9,178 |  |  | 24,315 |  |  | 28,107 |
Professional services | 6,516 |  |  | 6,679 |  |  | 19,789 |  |  | 20,399 |
Other | 191 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 625 |  |  | 1,479 |
Total revenue | $ | 105,075 |  |  | $ | 83,155 |  |  | $ | 298,327 |  |  | $ | 235,299 |
Subscription Revenue Subscription revenue consists of revenue from our cloud-based subscription, managed services offerings and content subscriptions associated with our software licenses. •We generate cloud-based subscription revenue primarily from sales of subscriptions to access our cloud platform, together with related support services to our customers. These arrangements do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of our software operating on our cloud platform at any time. Instead, customers are granted continuous access to our cloud platform over the contractual period. Revenue is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Our cloud-based subscription contracts generally have annual or multi-year contractual terms which are billed in advance of the annual subscription period and are non-cancellable. •Managed services offerings consist of fees generated when we operate our software and provide our capabilities on behalf of our customers. Revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Our managed services offerings generally have annual or multi-year contractual terms which are billed in advance of the annual subscription period and are non-cancellable. •Revenue related to our content subscriptions associated with our software licenses is recognized ratably over the contractual period. Term and Perpetual Software Licenses For our perpetual software licenses where the utility to the customer is dependent on the continued delivery of content subscriptions, the content subscription renewal options result in a material right with respect to the perpetual software license. As a result, the revenue attributable to the perpetual software license is recognized ratably over the customer’s estimated economic life of five years, which represents a longer period of time in comparison to the initial contractual period of maintenance and support. The estimated economic life of five years represents the period which the customer is expected to benefit from the material right. We estimated this period of benefit by taking into consideration several factors, including the terms and conditions of our customer contracts and renewals and the expected useful life of our technology. For our term software licenses where the utility to the customer is dependent on the continued delivery of content subscriptions, we recognize the license revenue over the contractual term of the arrangement as a material right does not exist. For our term and perpetual software licenses, which are not dependent on the continued delivery of content subscriptions, the license is considered distinct from the maintenance and support, and we therefore recognize revenue attributable to the license at the time of delivery. Maintenance and support services are sold with our perpetual and term software licenses. As maintenance and support services are distinct from the perpetual and term software license, revenue attributable to maintenance and support services is recognized ratably over the contractual period. Professional Services All of our professional services are considered distinct performance obligations when sold stand alone or with other products. These contracts generally have terms of one year or less. For the majority of these contracts, revenue is recognized over time based upon the proportion of work performed to date. Other Other revenue primarily includes revenue from delivery of appliances and other miscellaneous revenue. Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations The majority of our contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, we account for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price (SSP) basis. We determine SSP of our products and services based on our overall pricing objectives using all information reasonably available to us, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the geographic locations of our customers, negotiated discounts from price lists and selling method (i.e., partner or direct). When available, we use directly observable stand-alone transactions to determine SSP. When not regularly sold on a stand-alone basis, we estimate SSP for our products and services utilizing historical sales data, including discounts from list price. The historical data is aggregated and analyzed by geographic location and selling method to establish a median or average price. Once SSP is established it is applied consistently to all transactions including that product or service utilizing a portfolio approach. Contract Balances Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Such amounts are recognized as revenue over the contractual period consistent with the above methodology. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized revenue of $90.4 million and $72.7 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized $197.4 million and $158.7 million, respectively, that was included in the corresponding contract liability balance at the beginning of the periods presented. Deferred revenue that will be realized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current, and the remaining deferred revenue is recorded as non-current. We receive payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Unbilled receivables include amounts related to our contractual right to consideration for both completed and partially completed performance obligations that have not been invoiced. If the right to consideration is based on satisfaction of another performance obligation in the contract other than the passage of time, we record a contract asset. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, unbilled receivables of $2.0 million and $0.8 million, respectively, are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had no contract assets recorded on our consolidated balance sheet. Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of September 30, 2020. The estimated revenues do not include unexercised contract renewals.
|  | Next Twelve Months |  | Thereafter
|  | (in thousands)
Subscription revenue |  | $ | 197,007 |  |  | $ | 46,101 |
Term and perpetual software licenses |  | 30,925 |  |  | 12,985 |
Maintenance and support |  | 16,859 |  |  | 3,809 |
Professional services |  | 13,674 |  |  | — |
The amounts presented in the table above primarily consist of fixed fees, which are typically recognized ratably as the performance obligation is satisfied.Deferred Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs The following table summarizes the activity of the deferred contract acquisition and fulfillment costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | (in thousands)
Beginning balance |  | $ | 51,260 |  |  | $ | 39,955 |
Capitalization of contract acquisition and fulfillment costs |  | 19,932 |  |  | 16,084 |
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition and fulfillment costs |  | (14,654) |  |  | (10,682) |
Ending balance |  | $ | 56,538 |  |  | $ | 45,357 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130551-203045 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130556-203045 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130550-203045 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (e) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130558-203045 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (c) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045 + Details
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