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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of ProAssurance’s deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Unpaid loss discount | $ | 44,886 |  |  | $ | 44,002 |
Unearned premium adjustment | 22,889 |  |  | 23,972 |
Compensation related | 18,130 |  |  | 18,623 |
Intangibles | 1,435 |  |  | 1,957 |
Total deferred tax assets | 87,340 |  |  | 88,554 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |
Deferred acquisition costs | 9,287 |  |  | 9,180 |
Unrealized gains on investments, net | 13,933 |  |  | 31,342 |
Fixed assets | 3,401 |  |  | 3,689 |
Basis differentials–investments | 17,492 |  |  | 31,657 |
Intangibles | 24,644 |  |  | 27,294 |
Other | 3,486 |  |  | 4,210 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 72,243 |  |  | 107,372 |
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | $ | 15,097 |  |  | $ | (18,818 | )
At December 31, 2015, ProAssurance had no available net operating loss carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards, or Alternative Minimum Tax credit carryforwards. ProAssurance files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states. ProAssurance had receivables for federal income taxes of $16.4 million at December 31, 2015 and $1.1 million at December 31, 2014, both carried as a part of Other assets. The statute of limitations is now closed for all tax years prior to 2012. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for 2015, 2014 and 2013, was as follows:
(In thousands) |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Balance at January 1 |  | $ | 577 |  |  | $ | 4,823 |  |  | $ | 4,823 |
Increase for tax position acquired as result of a business combination |  | — |  |  | 414 |  |  | — |
Increases for tax positions taken during the current year |  | 7,618 |  |  | 163 |  |  | — |
(Decreases) for tax positions taken during the current year |  | — |  |  | (4,823 | ) |  | — |
Balance at December 31 |  | $ | 8,195 |  |  | $ | 577 |  |  | $ | 4,823 |
At December 31, 2015 and 2014, approximately $0.9 million of ProAssurance's uncertain tax positions, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. As with any uncertain tax position, there is a possibility that the ultimate benefit realized could differ from the estimate Management has established. Management believes that it is reasonably possible that a portion of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2015, may change during the next twelve months. However, an estimate of the change cannot be made at this time. ProAssurance recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Interest recognized in the income statement was not significant during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. The accrued liability for interest was not significant at December 31, 2015 or 2014. A reconciliation of “expected” income tax expense (35% of income before income taxes) to actual income tax expense for each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:
(In thousands) |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Computed “expected” tax expense |  | $ | 45,099 |  |  | $ | 91,702 |  |  | $ | 139,005 |
Tax-exempt income |  | (12,913 | ) |  | (13,250 | ) |  | (14,509 | )
Tax credits |  | (22,407 | ) |  | (17,918 | ) |  | (17,888 | )
Non-taxable gain on acquisition |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,310 | )
Non-U.S. Loss |  | 1,806 |  |  | 1,741 |  |  | — |
Other |  | 1,073 |  |  | 3,165 |  |  | 4,338 |
Income tax expense |  | $ | 12,658 |  |  | $ | 65,440 |  |  | $ | 99,636 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32559-109319 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32639-109319 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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