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Investments | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2017
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investments | Investments Available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 included the following:
| March 31, 2017
(In thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Fixed maturities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 147,826 |  |  | $ | 1,203 |  |  | $ | 818 |  |  | $ | 148,211 |
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations | 28,621 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 28,701 |
State and municipal bonds | 755,639 |  |  | 19,139 |  |  | 4,717 |  |  | 770,061 |
Corporate debt | 1,291,140 |  |  | 21,812 |  |  | 6,979 |  |  | 1,305,973 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 206,455 |  |  | 3,407 |  |  | 1,956 |  |  | 207,906 |
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 12,727 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 12,688 |
Other commercial mortgage-backed securities | 19,650 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 19,697 |
Other asset-backed securities | 111,214 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 111,192 |
| $ | 2,573,272 |  |  | $ | 46,209 |  |  | $ | 15,052 |  |  | $ | 2,604,429 |
| December 31, 2016
(In thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Fixed maturities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 146,186 |  |  | $ | 1,264 |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 146,539 |
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations | 30,038 |  |  | 388 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 30,235 |
State and municipal bonds | 790,154 |  |  | 17,261 |  |  | 6,952 |  |  | 800,463 |
Corporate debt | 1,264,812 |  |  | 22,659 |  |  | 8,480 |  |  | 1,278,991 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 216,285 |  |  | 3,667 |  |  | 2,046 |  |  | 217,906 |
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 12,837 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 12,783 |
Other commercial mortgage-backed securities | 19,571 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 19,611 |
Other asset-backed securities | 106,938 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 106,878 |
| $ | 2,586,821 |  |  | $ | 45,712 |  |  | $ | 19,127 |  |  | $ | 2,613,406 |
The recorded cost basis and estimated fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturities at March 31, 2017, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
(In thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Due in one year or less |  | Due after one year through five years |  | Due after five years through ten years |  | Due after ten years |  | Total Fair Value
Fixed maturities, available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 147,826 |  |  | $ | 28,876 |  |  | $ | 98,304 |  |  | $ | 18,042 |  |  | $ | 2,989 |  |  | $ | 148,211 |
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations | 28,621 |  |  | 12,863 |  |  | 7,781 |  |  | 7,918 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 28,701 |
State and municipal bonds | 755,639 |  |  | 66,017 |  |  | 264,597 |  |  | 348,641 |  |  | 90,806 |  |  | 770,061 |
Corporate debt | 1,291,140 |  |  | 122,549 |  |  | 764,626 |  |  | 388,119 |  |  | 30,679 |  |  | 1,305,973 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 206,455 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 207,906 |
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 12,727 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,688 |
Other commercial mortgage-backed securities | 19,650 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19,697 |
Other asset-backed securities | 111,214 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 111,192 |
| $ | 2,573,272 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,604,429 |
Excluding obligations of the U.S. Government or U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises, no investment in any entity or its affiliates exceeded 10% of Shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2017. Cash and securities with a carrying value of $46.4 million at March 31, 2017 were on deposit with various state insurance departments to meet regulatory requirements. ProAssurance also held securities with a carrying value of $246.5 million at March 31, 2017 that are pledged as collateral security for advances under the Revolving Credit Agreement (see Note 8 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail on the Revolving Credit Agreement). As a member of Lloyd's and a capital provider to Syndicate 1729, ProAssurance is required to maintain capital at Lloyd's, referred to as FAL. ProAssurance investments at March 31, 2017 included fixed maturities with a fair value of $96.7 million and short-term investments with a fair value of approximately $1.0 million on deposit with Lloyd's in order to satisfy these FAL requirements. BOLI ProAssurance holds BOLI policies that are carried at the current cash surrender value of the policies (original cost $33 million). All insured individuals were members of ProAssurance management at the time the policies were acquired. The primary purpose of the program is to offset future employee benefit expenses through earnings on the cash value of the policies. ProAssurance is the owner and beneficiary of these policies. Investment in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries ProAssurance holds investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries, accounted for under the equity method. The investments include the following:
| Carrying Value
(In thousands) | March 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Investment in LPs/LLCs: |  |  |
Qualified affordable housing tax credit partnerships | $ | 99,005 |  |  | $ | 102,313 |
Other tax credit partnerships | 11,041 |  |  | 11,459 |
All other LPs/LLCs | 220,433 |  |  | 227,134 |
| $ | 330,479 |  |  | $ | 340,906 |
Qualified affordable housing tax credit partnership interests held by ProAssurance generate investment returns by providing tax benefits to fund investors in the form of tax credits and project operating losses. The carrying value of these investments reflects ProAssurance's total commitments (both funded and unfunded) to the partnerships. ProAssurance's ownership percentage relative to two of the tax credit partnership interests is almost 100%; these interests had a carrying value of $38.3 million at March 31, 2017 and $40.2 million at December 31, 2016. ProAssurance's ownership percentage relative to the remaining tax credit partnership interests is less than 20%; these interests had a carrying value of $60.7 million at March 31, 2017 and $62.1 million at December 31, 2016. ProAssurance does not have the ability to exert control over the partnerships; all are accounted for using the equity method. Other tax credit partnerships are comprised entirely of historic tax credits. The historic tax credits generate investment returns by providing benefits to fund investors in the form of tax credits, tax deductible project operating losses and positive cash flows. ProAssurance's ownership percentage relative to the tax credit partnerships is almost 100%. ProAssurance does not have the ability to exert control over the partnerships; the interests are accounted for using the equity method. As discussed in additional detail in Note 2 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, ProAssurance holds interests in certain LP s/LLC s that are investment funds which measure fund assets at fair value on a recurring basis and the fund managers provide a NAV for the interest. The carrying value of these interests is based on the NAV provided, and is considered to approximate the fair value of the interests; such interests totaled $199.7 million at March 31, 2017 and $204.7 million at December 31, 2016. ProAssurance also holds interests in other LP s/LLC s which are not considered to be investment funds; such interests totaled $20.7 million at March 31, 2017 and $22.4 million at December 31, 2016. ProAssurance's ownership percentage relative to three of the LP s/LLC s is greater than 25%, which is expected to be reduced as the funds mature and other investors participate in the funds; these investments had a carrying value of $20.8 million at March 31, 2017 and $18.5 million at December 31, 2016. ProAssurance's ownership percentage relative to the remaining LP s/LLC s is less than 25%; these interests had a carrying value of $199.6 million at March 31, 2017 and $208.6 million at December 31, 2016. ProAssurance does not have the ability to exert control over any of these funds. Other Investments Other investments at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were comprised as follows:
(In thousands) | March 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Investments in LPs/LLCs, at cost | $ | 47,164 |  |  | $ | 46,852 |
Convertible securities, at fair value | 29,978 |  |  | 31,501 |
Other, principally FHLB capital stock, at cost | 3,434 |  |  | 3,539 |
| $ | 80,576 |  |  | $ | 81,892 |
Investments in convertible securities are carried at fair value as permitted by the accounting guidance for hybrid financial instruments, with changes in fair value recognized in income as a component of Net realized investment gains (losses) during the period of change. FHLB capital stock is not marketable, but may be liquidated by terminating membership in the FHLB. The liquidation process can take up to five years. Investments Held in a Loss Position The following tables provide summarized information with respect to investments held in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, including the length of time the investment had been held in a continuous unrealized loss position.
| March 31, 2017
| Total |  | Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or longer
| Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized
(In thousands) | Value |  | Loss |  | Value |  | Loss |  | Value |  | Loss
Fixed maturities, available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 82,630 |  |  | $ | 818 |  |  | $ | 82,630 |  |  | $ | 818 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations | 10,507 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 10,507 |  |  | 161 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
State and municipal bonds | 167,434 |  |  | 4,717 |  |  | 160,343 |  |  | 4,132 |  |  | 7,091 |  |  | 585 |
Corporate debt | 416,640 |  |  | 6,979 |  |  | 382,246 |  |  | 4,361 |  |  | 34,394 |  |  | 2,618 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 97,495 |  |  | 1,956 |  |  | 95,381 |  |  | 1,922 |  |  | 2,114 |  |  | 34 |
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 4,571 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 4,191 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 380 |  |  | 30 |
Other commercial mortgage-backed securities | 10,890 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 9,075 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 1,815 |  |  | 21 |
Other asset-backed securities | 46,008 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 42,018 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 3,990 |  |  | 6 |
| $ | 836,175 |  |  | $ | 15,052 |  |  | $ | 786,391 |  |  | $ | 11,758 |  |  | $ | 49,784 |  |  | $ | 3,294 |
| December 31, 2016
| Total |  | Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or longer
| Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized
(In thousands) | Value |  | Loss |  | Value |  | Loss |  | Value |  | Loss
Fixed maturities, available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 79,833 |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 79,833 |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations | 11,746 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 11,746 |  |  | 191 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
State and municipal bonds | 224,884 |  |  | 6,952 |  |  | 219,276 |  |  | 6,444 |  |  | 5,608 |  |  | 508 |
Corporate debt | 469,632 |  |  | 8,480 |  |  | 424,721 |  |  | 5,662 |  |  | 44,911 |  |  | 2,818 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 103,680 |  |  | 2,046 |  |  | 100,542 |  |  | 1,982 |  |  | 3,138 |  |  | 64 |
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 4,579 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 4,192 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 387 |  |  | 29 |
Other commercial mortgage-backed securities | 9,822 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 9,179 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 643 |  |  | 3 |
Other asset-backed securities | 44,343 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 39,079 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 5,264 |  |  | 11 |
| $ | 948,519 |  |  | $ | 19,127 |  |  | $ | 888,568 |  |  | $ | 15,694 |  |  | $ | 59,951 |  |  | $ | 3,433 |
As of March 31, 2017, excluding U.S. Government or U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations, there were 587 debt securities (23.2% of all available-for-sale fixed maturity securities held) in an unrealized loss position representing 397 issuers. The greatest and second greatest unrealized loss positions among those securities were approximately $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The securities were evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2016, excluding U.S. Government or U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations, there were 703 debt securities (27.2% of all available-for-sale fixed maturity securities held) in an unrealized loss position representing 456 issuers. The greatest and second greatest unrealized loss positions among those securities were each approximately $0.5 million. The securities were evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2016. Each quarter, ProAssurance performs a detailed analysis for the purpose of assessing whether any of the securities it holds in an unrealized loss position have suffered an OTTI in value. A detailed discussion of the factors considered in the assessment is included in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in ProAssurance's December 31, 2016 Form 10-K. Fixed maturity securities held in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2017, excluding asset-backed securities, have paid all scheduled contractual payments and are expected to continue doing so. Expected future cash flows of asset-backed securities held in an unrealized loss position were estimated as part of the March 31, 2017 impairment evaluation using the most recently available six-month historical performance data for the collateral (loans) underlying the security or, if historical data was not available, sector based assumptions, and equaled or exceeded the current amortized cost basis of the security. Net Investment Income Net investment income by investment category was as follows:
| Three Months Ended March 31
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016
Fixed maturities | $ | 20,121 |  |  | $ | 22,575 |
Equities | 3,644 |  |  | 3,643 |
Short-term and Other investments | 801 |  |  | 405 |
BOLI | 455 |  |  | 460 |
Investment fees and expenses | (1,835 | ) |  | (1,643 | )
Net investment income | $ | 23,186 |  |  | $ | 25,440 |
Equity in Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated subsidiaries included losses from qualified affordable housing project tax credit investments and historic tax credit investments. The losses recorded reflect ProAssurance's allocable portion of partnership operating losses. Losses from qualified affordable housing project tax credit investments were $3.3 million and $5.2 million for the 2017 and 2016 three-month period s, respectively, and tax credits recognized related to these investments totaled $4.6 million for both 2017 and 2016 three-month period s. Losses from historic tax credit investments were $0.4 million and $0.2 million and tax credits recognized related to these investments totaled $1.8 million and $2.6 million for the 2017 and 2016 three-month period s, respectively. Tax credits recognized reduced income tax expense in the respective periods. Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) Realized investment gains and losses are recognized on the first-in, first-out basis. The following table provides detailed information regarding Net realized investment gains (losses):
| Three Months Ended March 31
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016
Total OTTI losses: |  |  |
Corporate debt | $ | (419 | ) |  | $ | (7,604 | )
Other investments | — |  |  | (3,130 | )
Portion of OTTI losses recognized in other comprehensive income before taxes: |  |  |
Corporate debt | 248 |  |  | 1,068 |
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings | (171 | ) |  | (9,666 | )
Gross realized gains, available-for-sale securities | 1,853 |  |  | 3,185 |
Gross realized (losses), available-for-sale securities | (67 | ) |  | (4,647 | )
Net realized gains (losses), trading securities | 6,562 |  |  | 2,055 |
Net realized gains (losses), Other investments | 1,172 |  |  | 52 |
Change in unrealized holding gains (losses), trading securities | 3,616 |  |  | 733 |
Change in unrealized holding gains (losses), convertible securities, carried at fair value | 313 |  |  | (66 | )
Other | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Net realized investment gains (losses) | $ | 13,280 |  |  | $ | (8,352 | )
During the first quarter of 2017, ProAssurance recognized OTTI in earnings of $0.2 million and $0.2 million of non-credit OTTI in OCI both of which related to corporate bonds. During the first quarter of 2016, ProAssurance recognized OTTI in earnings of $6.5 million related to corporate bonds, including credit-related OTTI of $5.5 million related to debt instruments from ten issuers in the energy sector. The fair value of the bonds and the credit quality of the issuers had declined and ProAssurance recognized credit-related OTTI to reduce the amortized cost basis of the bonds to the present value of future cash flows expected to be received from the bonds. ProAssurance also recognized non-credit OTTI in OCI of $0.9 million related to certain of these same bonds, as the fair value of the bonds was less than the present value of the expected future cash flows from the securities. ProAssurance also recognized a $3.1 million OTTI in earnings for the 2016 three-month period related to an investment fund that is accounted for using the cost method (classified as Other investments). The fund is focused on the energy sector and securities held by the fund declined in value during 2016. An OTTI was recognized to reduce ProAssurance's carrying value of the investment to the NAV reported by the fund. The following table presents a roll forward of cumulative credit losses recorded in earnings related to impaired debt securities for which a portion of the OTTI was recorded in OCI.
| Three Months Ended March 31
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016
Balance beginning of period | $ | 1,158 |  |  | $ | 5,751 |
Additional credit losses recognized during the period, related to securities for which: |  |  |
No OTTI has been previously recognized | 171 |  |  | 2,398 |
OTTI has been previously recognized | — |  |  | 2,154 |
Reductions due to: |  |  |
Securities sold during the period (realized) | — |  |  | (3,744 | )
Balance March 31 | $ | 1,329 |  |  | $ | 6,559 |
Other information regarding sales and purchases of available-for-sale securities is as follows:
| Three Months Ended March 31
(In millions) | 2017 |  | 2016
Proceeds from sales (exclusive of maturities and paydowns) | $ | 79.2 |  |  | $ | 109.9 |
Purchases | $ | 160.4 |  |  | $ | 199.6 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for investments in certain debt and equity securities. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -Glossary Debt Security -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6509901 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73527792&loc=d3e27290-111563 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6379141&loc=d3e15032-111544 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73527792&loc=d3e27232-111563 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -Glossary Equity Security -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6511694 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 320 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957658&loc=d3e62557-112803 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73527792&loc=d3e27161-111563 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73527792&loc=d3e27357-111563 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73527792&loc=d3e27405-111563 + Details
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