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Segment Information
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information Segment Information
ProAssurance's segments are based on the Company's internal management reporting structure for which financial results are regularly evaluated by the Company's CODM to determine resource allocation and assess operating performance. The Company continually assesses its internal management reporting structure and information evaluated by its CODM to determine whether any changes have occurred that would impact its segment reporting structure.
Segment Reorganization
Effective September 2023, ProAssurance elected to discontinue its participation in the results of Syndicate 1729 beginning with the 2024 underwriting year. The results from the Company's participation in Syndicate 1729 from open underwriting years prior to 2024 will continue to earn out pro rata over the entire policy period of the underlying business. Due to the quarter lag, the Company's ceased participation in Syndicate 1729 will begin to be reflected in its results in the second quarter of 2024.
During the third quarter of 2023, ProAssurance reorganized the financial results evaluated by its CODM; therefore, ProAssurance changed its operating and reportable segments to align with how the CODM currently oversees the business, allocates resources and evaluates operating performance. As a result, ProAssurance now reports the underwriting results from its participation in Lloyd’s Syndicates in the Specialty P&C segment and the investment results of assets solely allocated to its Lloyd's Syndicate operations and U.K. income taxes in the Corporate segment. All prior period segment information has been recast to conform to the current period presentation. The segment reorganization had no impact on previously reported consolidated financial results.
The Company operates in four segments that are organized around the nature of the products and services provided: Specialty P&C, Workers' Compensation Insurance, Segregated Portfolio Cell Reinsurance and Corporate. Additional information regarding ProAssurance's segments is included in Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in ProAssurance’s December 31, 2023 report on Form 10-K. A description of each of ProAssurance's four operating and reportable segments follows.
•Specialty P&C primarily includes medical professional liability insurance and medical technology liability insurance. The Specialty P&C segment also includes the underwriting results from ProAssurance's participation in Lloyd's of London Syndicate 1729 and Syndicate 6131.
•Workers' Compensation Insurance includes workers' compensation insurance products which are provided primarily to employers with 1,000 or fewer employees.
•Segregated Portfolio Cell Reinsurance includes the results (underwriting profit or loss, plus investment results, net of U.S. federal income taxes) of SPCs at Inova Re and Eastern Re, the Company's Cayman Islands SPC operations.
•Corporate includes ProAssurance's investment operations excluding those reported in the Company's Segregated Portfolio Cell Reinsurance segment. In addition, this segment includes corporate expenses, interest expense, U.S. and U.K. income taxes and non-premium revenues generated outside of the Company's insurance entities.
The accounting policies of the segments are described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in ProAssurance’s December 31, 2023 report on Form 10-K. ProAssurance evaluates the performance of its Specialty P&C and Workers' Compensation Insurance segments based on before tax underwriting profit or loss. ProAssurance evaluates the performance of its Segregated Portfolio Cell Reinsurance segment based on operating profit or loss, which includes investment results of investment assets solely allocated to SPC operations, net of U.S. federal income taxes. Performance of the Corporate segment is evaluated based on the contribution made to consolidated after-tax results. ProAssurance accounts for inter-segment transactions as if the transactions were to third parties at current market prices. Assets are not allocated to segments because investments, other than the investments discussed above that are solely allocated to the Segregated Portfolio Cell Reinsurance segment, and other assets are not managed at the segment level. The tabular information that follows shows the financial results of the Company's reportable segments reconciled to results reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. ProAssurance does not consider goodwill or intangible asset impairments, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration or transaction-related costs for completed business combinations, including any related tax impacts, in assessing the financial performance of its operating and reportable segments, and thus are included in the reconciliation of segment results to consolidated results.
Financial results by segment were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(In thousands)Specialty P&CWorkers' Compensation InsuranceSegregated Portfolio Cell Reinsurance CorporateInter-segment EliminationsConsolidated
Net premiums earned
$188,888 $41,094 $14,168 $— $— $244,150 
Net investment income
— — 693 33,204 — 33,897 
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated subsidiaries
— — — 2,963 — 2,963 
Net investment gains (losses)— — 1,471 (1,739)— (268)
Other income (expense)(1)
1,353 477 (1)3,061 (935)3,955 
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses(152,994)(31,636)(10,064)— — (194,694)
Underwriting, policy acquisition and operating expenses(1)
(51,049)(14,490)(4,713)(8,688)935 (78,005)
SPC U.S. federal income tax benefit (expense)(2)
— — (416)— — (416)
SPC dividend (expense) income
— — (607)— — (607)
Interest expense
— — — (5,657)— (5,657)
Income tax benefit (expense)
— — — (692)— (692)
Segment results
$(13,802)$(4,555)$531 $22,452 $— 4,626 
Net income (loss)$4,626 
Significant non-cash items:
Depreciation and amortization, net of accretion$2,429 $1,164 $(370)$2,109 $— $5,332 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(In thousands)Specialty P&CWorkers' Compensation InsuranceSegregated Portfolio Cell Reinsurance CorporateInter-segment EliminationsConsolidated
Net premiums earned$183,684 $40,803 $15,300 $— $— $239,787 
Net investment income— — 420 29,890 — 30,310 
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated subsidiaries— — — (1,121)— (1,121)
Net investment gains (losses)— — 1,160 752 — 1,912 
Other income (expense)(1)
990 581 1 327 (1,112)787 
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses
(166,029)(30,844)(8,423)— — (205,296)
Underwriting, policy acquisition and operating expenses(1)
(42,681)(12,980)(5,035)(8,204)1,112 (67,788)
SPC U.S. federal income tax benefit (expense)(2)
— — (532)— — (532)
SPC dividend (expense) income
— — (1,942)— — (1,942)
Interest expense
— — — (5,463)— (5,463)
Income tax benefit (expense)
— — — 2,172 — 2,172 
Segment results
$(24,036)$(2,440)$949 $18,353 $— (7,174)
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated results:
Contingent Consideration(3)
1,000 
Net income (loss)$(6,174)
Significant non-cash items:
Depreciation and amortization, net of accretion$2,640 $869 $64 $4,104 $— $7,677 
(1) Includes certain fees for services provided by the Workers' Compensation Insurance segment to the SPCs at Inova Re and Eastern Re which are recorded as expenses within the Segregated Portfolio Cell Reinsurance segment and as other income within the Workers' Compensation Insurance segment. These fees are primarily SPC rental fees and are eliminated between segments in consolidation.
(2) Represents the provision for U.S. federal income taxes for SPCs at Inova Re, which have elected to be taxed as a U.S. corporation under Section 953(d) of the Internal Revenue Code. U.S. federal income taxes are included in the total SPC net results and are paid by the individual SPCs.
(3) Represents the change in the fair value of contingent consideration issued in connection with the NORCAL acquisition included as a component of consolidated net investment gains (losses) on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. See further discussion on the contingent consideration in Note 2.
The following table provides detailed information regarding ProAssurance's gross premiums earned by product as well as a reconciliation to net premiums earned. All gross premiums earned are from external customers except as noted. ProAssurance's insured risks are primarily within the U.S.
Three Months Ended March 31
(In thousands)20242023
Specialty P&C Segment
Gross premiums earned:
MPL
$184,744 $181,800 
Medical Technology Liability
10,938 10,546 
Lloyd's Syndicates
4,934 5,046 
Other6,011 6,661 
Ceded premiums earned(17,739)(20,369)
Segment net premiums earned188,888 183,684 
Workers' Compensation Insurance Segment
Gross premiums earned:
Traditional business44,376 43,540 
Alternative market business
17,163 17,626 
Ceded premiums earned(20,445)(20,363)
Segment net premiums earned41,094 40,803 
Segregated Portfolio Cell Reinsurance Segment
Gross premiums earned:
Workers' compensation(1)
15,867 16,304 
MPL(2)
543 1,299 
Ceded premiums earned(2,242)(2,303)
Segment net premiums earned14,168 15,300 
Consolidated net premiums earned$244,150 $239,787 
(1) Premium for all periods is assumed from the Workers' Compensation Insurance segment.
(2) Premium for all periods is assumed from the Specialty P&C segment.