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Employee Incentive Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Employee Incentive Plans | Employee Incentive Plans Short-Term Incentive Plans ("STI Plans") We have annual short-term incentive compensation plans for senior management and certain other employees payable at our election in cash, shares of common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of common stock. Amounts earned under STI Plans are based on our adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA"), modified for certain safety, quality, delivery, cost and individual performance factors. The Adjusted EBITDA targets are determined based on the economic value added ("EVA") of our Fabricated Products business. Most of our production facilities have similar programs for both hourly and salaried employees. Total costs relating to STI Plans were recorded as follows for each period presented (in millions of dollars):
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization and other items |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 4.6 |
SG&A and R&D |  | 9.3 |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 11.1 |
Total costs recorded in connection with STI Plans |  | $ | 14.0 |  |  | $ | 12.7 |  |  | $ | 15.7 |
The following table presents the allocation of the charges detailed above, by segment (in millions of dollars):
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Fabricated Products |  | $ | 10.2 |  |  | $ | 9.6 |  |  | $ | 11.2 |
All Other |  | 3.8 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 4.5 |
Total costs recorded in connection with STI Plans |  | $ | 14.0 |  |  | $ | 12.7 |  |  | $ | 15.7 |
Long-Term Incentive Programs ("LTI Programs") General. Executive officers and other key employees of the Company, as well as non-employee directors of the Company, are eligible to participate in the Kaiser Aluminum Corporation Amended and Restated 2006 Equity and Performance Incentive Plan (as amended, "Equity Incentive Plan"). The Equity Incentive Plan permits the granting of awards in the form of options to purchase common shares, stock appreciation rights, shares of non-vested and vested stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units and other awards. The Equity Incentive Plan will expire on July 6, 2016 and no grants will be made thereunder after that date. Our Board of Directors may, in its discretion, terminate the Equity Incentive Plan at any time. The termination of the Equity Incentive Plan will not affect the rights of participants or their successors under any awards outstanding and not exercised in full on the date of termination and all grants made on or prior to the date of termination will remain in effect thereafter subject to the terms of the applicable grant agreement and the Equity Incentive Plan. Subject to certain adjustments that may be required from time to time to prevent dilution or enlargement of the rights of participants under the Equity Incentive Plan, a total of 2,722,222 common shares have been authorized for issuance under the Equity Incentive Plan. At December 31, 2015, 709,362 common shares were available for additional awards under the Equity Incentive Plan. Non-vested Common Shares and Restricted Stock Units. We grant non-vested common shares to our non-employee directors, executive officers and other key employees. We also grant restricted stock units to certain employees. The restricted stock units have rights similar to the rights of non-vested common shares and each restricted stock unit that becomes vested entitles the recipient to receive one common share. For both non-vested common shares and restricted stock units, the service period is generally one year for non-employee directors and three years for executive officers and other key employees. In addition to non-vested common shares and restricted stock units, we grant performance shares to executive officers and other key employees. Each performance share that becomes vested entitles the recipient to receive one common share. Performance shares granted prior to 2014 ("EVA-Based Performance Shares") are subject to performance conditions pertaining to our EVA performance, measured over specified three-year performance periods. The number of EVA-Based Performance Shares that will ultimately vest and result in the issuance of common shares ranges between 0% to 200% of the target number of underlying common shares (constituting approximately one-half of the maximum payout) and depends on the average annual EVA achieved for the specified three-year performance period. Performance shares granted beginning in 2014 ("TSR-Based Performance Shares") are subject to performance conditions pertaining to our total shareholder return ("TSR") over a three-year performance period compared to the TSR of a specified group of peer companies. The number of TSR-Based Performance Shares that will ultimately vest under both the 2014-2016 and 2015-2017 LTI Programs and result in the issuance of common shares ranges between 0% to 200% of the target number of underlying common shares (constituting approximately one-half of the maximum payout) and depends on the percentile ranking of our TSR compared to the group of peer companies. During the first quarter of 2015, a portion of the EVA-Based Performance Shares granted under the 2012-2014 LTI Program vested (see "Summary of Activity" below). The vesting of performance shares resulting in the issuance and delivery of common shares, if any, under the 2013-2015, 2014-2016 and 2015-2017 LTI Programs will occur in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Non-Cash Compensation Expense. Compensation expense relating to all awards under the Equity Incentive Plan is included in SG&A and R&D. Non-cash compensation expense by type of award under LTI Programs was as follows for each period presented (in millions of dollars):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Non-vested common shares and restricted stock units | $ | 4.4 |  |  | $ | 3.9 |  |  | $ | 4.3 |
EVA-Based Performance Shares | 0.9 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 2.3 |
TSR-Based Performance Shares | 4.0 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | — |
Total non-cash compensation expense | $ | 9.3 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | 6.6 |
The following table presents the allocation of the charges detailed above, by segment (in millions of dollars):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Fabricated Products | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 3.2 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |
All Other | 5.8 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 4.4 |
Total non-cash compensation expense | $ | 9.3 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | 6.6 |
Recognized tax benefits relating to non-cash compensation expense were $3.5 million, $2.5 million and $2.4 million for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Unrecognized Gross Compensation Cost Data. The following table presents unrecognized gross compensation cost data by type of award as of December 31, 2015:
| Unrecognized gross compensation costs (in millions of dollars) |  | Expected period (in years) over which the remaining gross compensation costs will be recognized
Non-vested common shares and restricted stock units | $ | 5.8 |  |  | 1.9
EVA-Based Performance Shares | $ | 0.3 |  |  | 0.2
TSR-Based Performance Shares | $ | 7.5 |  |  | 1.9
Summary of Activity. A summary of the activity with respect to non-vested common shares, restricted stock units, EVA-Based Performance Shares and TSR-Based Performance Shares for the year ended December 31, 2015 is as follows:
| Non-Vested Common Shares |  | Restricted Stock Units |  | EVA-Based Performance Shares |  | TSR-Based Performance Shares
| Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share |  | Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Unit |  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share |  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding at December 31, 2014 | 158,770 |  |  | $ | 59.88 |  |  | 5,357 |  |  | $ | 59.71 |  |  | 353,576 |  |  | $ | 50.35 |  |  | 150,223 |  |  | $ | 83.18 |
Granted 1 | 62,285 |  |  | 72.09 |  |  | 2,325 |  |  | 69.83 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 150,424 |  |  | 95.68 |
Vested | (63,515 | ) |  | 53.68 |  |  | (2,161 | ) |  | 52.91 |  |  | (49,945 | ) |  | 44.81 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited 1 | (987 | ) |  | 66.93 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,212 | ) |  | 57.54 |  |  | (770 | ) |  | 89.12 |
Canceled 1 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (147,314 | ) |  | 44.59 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Outstanding at December 31, 2015 | 156,553 |  |  | $ | 67.20 |  |  | 5,521 |  |  | $ | 66.64 |  |  | 155,105 |  |  | $ | 57.76 |  |  | 299,877 |  |  | $ | 89.43 |
_____________________
1. | For EVA-Based Performance Shares and TSR-Based Performance Shares, the number of shares granted and forfeited are presented at their maximum payout; and the number of shares canceled includes the number of shares that did not vest due to EVA performance results falling below those required for maximum payout.
The total grant-date fair value for shares granted was $11.8 million in 2015 and $14.8 million in both 2014 and 2013. The total grant-date fair value for shares that vested during 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $5.8 million, $5.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively. The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share for shares granted by type of award was as follows for each period presented:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Non-vested common shares | $ | 72.09 |  |  | $ | 66.42 |  |  | $ | 58.65 |
Restricted stock units | $ | 69.83 |  |  | $ | 67.42 |  |  | $ | 57.70 |
EVA-Based Performance Shares | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 57.75 |
TSR-Based Performance Shares | $ | 95.68 |  |  | $ | 83.18 |  |  | $ | — |
Stock Options. We have fully-vested stock options that were granted in 2007. There were 16,645 fully-vested options outstanding as of both December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, in each case exercisable to purchase common shares at $80.01 per share and having a remaining contractual life of 1.25 and 2.25 years, respectively. The average fair value of the options granted was $39.90. During 2015, no options were granted, exercised or forfeited and no options had expired. Vested Stock. From time to time, we issue common shares to non-employee directors electing to receive common shares in lieu of all or a portion of their annual retainer fees. The fair value of these common shares is based on the fair value of the shares at the date of issuance and is immediately recognized in Net (loss) income as a period expense. During each of the periods ending December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we recorded $0.2 million relating to common shares granted to non-employee directors in lieu of all or a portion of their annual retainer fees. Under the Equity Incentive Plan, participants may elect to have us withhold common shares to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations arising in connection with the exercise of stock options and vesting of non-vested shares, restricted stock units and performance shares. We cancel any such shares withheld on the applicable vesting dates or earlier dates when service requirements are satisfied, which correspond to the times at which income to the employee is recognized. When we withhold these common shares, we are required to remit to the appropriate taxing authorities the fair value of the shares withheld as of the vesting date. During 2015, 2014 and 2013, 37,009, 33,696 and 40,075 commons shares, respectively, were withheld and canceled for this purpose. The withholding of common shares by us could be deemed a purchase of the common shares.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6418621&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51659978&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 14 + Details
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