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Intangible Assets (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill by segment and changes in the carrying amount
Goodwill by segment and changes in the carrying amount are as follows:
 
Real Estate
Franchise
Services
 
Company
Owned
Brokerage
Services
 
Relocation
Services
 
Title and
Settlement
Services
 
Total
Company
Gross goodwill as of December 31, 2015
$
3,315

 
$
999

 
$
641

 
$
449

 
$
5,404

Accumulated impairment losses
(1,023
)
 
(158
)
 
(281
)
 
(324
)
 
(1,786
)
Balance at December 31, 2015
2,292

 
841

 
360

 
125

 
3,618

Goodwill acquired
—

 
13

 
—

 
—

 
13

Balance at June 30, 2016
$
2,292

 
$
854

 
$
360

 
$
125

 
$
3,631
Intangible assets
Intangible assets are as follows:
 
As of June 30, 2016
 
As of December 31, 2015
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Amortizable—Franchise agreements (a)
$
2,019

 
$
625

 
$
1,394

 
$
2,019

 
$
591

 
$
1,428

Indefinite life—Trademarks (b)
$
745

 
 
 
$
745

 
$
745

 
 
 
$
745

Other Intangibles
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortizable—License agreements (c)
$
45

 
$
9

 
$
36

 
$
45

 
$
8

 
$
37

Amortizable—Customer relationships (d)
530

 
297

 
233

 
530

 
284

 
246

Indefinite life—Title plant shares (e)
11

 
 
 
11

 
11

 
 
 
11

Amortizable—Pendings and listings (f)
2

 
1

 
1

 
3

 
1

 
2

Amortizable—Other (g)
31

 
14

 
17

 
31

 
11

 
20

Total Other Intangibles
$
619

 
$
321

 
$
298

 
$
620

 
$
304

 
$
316


_______________
(a)    Generally amortized over a period of 30 years.
(b)
Primarily relates to the Century 21®, Coldwell Banker®, ERA®, Corcoran®, Coldwell Banker Commercial® and Cartus tradenames, which are expected to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.
(c)
Relates to the Sotheby’s International Realty® and Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate agreements which are being amortized over 50 years (the contractual term of the license agreements).
(d)
Relates to the customer relationships at the Relocation Services segment, the Title and Settlement Services segment and the Real Estate Franchise Services segment. These relationships are being amortized over a period of 2 to 20 years.
(e)
Primarily relates to the Texas American Title Company title plant shares. Ownership in a title plant is required to transact title insurance in certain states. The Company expects to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.
(f)
Generally amortized over a period of 5 months.
(g)
Consists of covenants not to compete which are amortized over their contract lives and other intangibles which are generally amortized over periods ranging from 5 to 10 years.
Intangible asset amortization expense
Intangible asset amortization expense is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Franchise agreements
$
17

 
$
16

 
$
34

 
$
33

License agreements
1

 
—

 
1

 
1

Customer relationships
6

 
7

 
13

 
14

Pendings and listings
2

 
6

 
2

 
6

Other
1

 
2

 
3

 
3

Total
$
27

 
$
31

 
$
53

 
$
57