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Note 11. Restructuring Costs Restructuring Costs (Notes) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract] |
Restructuring Costs | RESTRUCTURING COSTS Restructuring charges for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $12 million, $39 million and $10 million, respectively. The components of the restructuring charges for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Personnel-related costs (1) | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Facility-related costs (2) | 3 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 3 |
Accelerated depreciation on asset disposals | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Other restructuring costs (3) | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 4 |
Total restructuring charges | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 10 |
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(1) | Personnel-related costs consist of severance costs provided to employees who have been terminated and duplicate payroll costs during transition.
(2) | Facility-related costs consist of costs associated with planned facility closures such as contract termination costs, lease payments that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the Company and other facility and employee relocation related costs.
(3) | Other restructuring costs consist of costs related to professional fees, consulting fees and other costs associated with restructuring activities which are primarily included in the Corporate and Other business segment.
Business Optimization Initiative During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company began a business optimization initiative that focused on maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of the cost structure of each of the Company's business units. The action was designed to improve client service levels across each of the business units while enhancing the Company's profitability and incremental margins. The plan focused on several key areas of opportunity which include process improvement efficiencies, office footprint optimization, leveraging technology and media spend, centralized procurement, outsourcing administrative services and organizational design. The expected costs of activities undertaken in connection with the restructuring plan are largely complete. The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending restructuring reserve balances for the Business Optimization Initiative:
| Personnel-related costs |  | Facility-related costs |  | Accelerated depreciation asset disposals |  | Other restructuring costs |  | Total
Balance at October 1, 2015 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restructuring charges | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 10 |
Costs paid or otherwise settled | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 9 |
Restructuring charges | 22 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 39 |
Costs paid or otherwise settled | (16 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (32 | )
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16 |
Restructuring charges | 7 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 12 |
Costs paid or otherwise settled | (13 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (21 | )
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |
The following table shows the total restructuring costs expected to be incurred by type of cost for the Business Optimization Initiative:
| Total amount expected to be incurred |  | Amount incurred to date |  | Total amount remaining to be incurred
Personnel-related costs | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | — |
Facility-related costs | 16 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |
Accelerated depreciation related to asset disposals | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Other restructuring costs | 12 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1 |
Total | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 2 |
The following table shows the total restructuring costs expected to be incurred by reportable segment for the Business Optimization Initiative:
| Total amount expected to be incurred |  | Amount incurred to date |  | Total amount remaining to be incurred
Real Estate Franchise Services | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |
Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services | 36 |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |
Relocation Services | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
Title and Settlement Services | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Corporate and Other | 15 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 2 |
Total | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 2 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for restructuring and related activities. Description of restructuring activities such as exit and disposal activities, include facts and circumstances leading to the plan, the expected plan completion date, the major types of costs associated with the plan activities, total expected costs, the accrual balance at the end of the period, and the periods over which the remaining accrual will be settled. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 420 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2175745 + Details
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