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Note 12. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Share-based Compensation, Activity | A summary of activity for the year ended December 31, 2018 is presented below (number of shares in millions):
| Restricted Stock Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Performance Share Units (a) |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Options (e) |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2018 | 2.0 |  |  | $ | 31.71 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 33.16 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | $ | 31.75 |
Granted | 1.5 |  |  | 25.39 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 25.11 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 25.35 |
Distributed/Exercised | (0.9 | ) | (b) | 33.67 |  |  | (0.4 | ) | (c) | 42.14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited/Expired | (0.1 | ) |  | 27.80 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 27.99 |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | 38.28 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 | 2.5 |  |  | $ | 27.32 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 28.13 |  |  | 3.8 |  | (d) | $ | 30.92 |
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(a) | The PSU amounts in the table are shown at the target amount of the award.
(b) | The total fair value of RSUs which were distributed during the year ended December 31, 2018 was $30 million.
(c) | The total fair value of PSUs which were distributed during the year ended December 31, 2018 was $15 million, which includes the distribution of PSUs awarded in 2015 subject to performance over the three-year performance period ended December 31, 2017, at a fair value of $9 million. Amounts distributed do not include 0.2 million PSUs awarded in 2016 subject to achievement against performance over the three-year period ended and vested December 31, 2018, at a fair value of $5 million and at a weighted average grant date fair value of $34.00. These PSUs were distributed in early 2019.
(d) | Options outstanding at December 31, 2018 have an intrinsic value of zero and have a weighted average remaining contractual life of 5.3 years.
(e)The following table summarizes information regarding exercisable stock options as of December 31, 2018:
Range of Exercise Prices |  | Options Vested |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life
$15.00 to $50.00 |  | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 28.82 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 4.1 years
$50.01 and above |  | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 137.50 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 1.9 years
Summary of Exercisable Stock Options Activity | The following table summarizes information regarding exercisable stock options as of December 31, 2018:
Range of Exercise Prices |  | Options Vested |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life
$15.00 to $50.00 |  | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 28.82 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 4.1 years
$50.01 and above |  | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 137.50 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 1.9 years
Schedule of Market Performance Unit Award Valuation Assumptions | The fair value of the PSU RTSR awards was estimated on the date of grant using the Monte Carlo Simulation method utilizing the following assumptions:
| 2018 RTSR PSU |  | 2017 RTSR PSU |  | 2016 RTSR PSU
Weighted average grant date fair value | $ | 25.45 |  |  | $ | 27.98 |  |  | $ | 27.99 |
Weighted average expected volatility (a) | 29.8 | % |  | 29.0 | % |  | 28.1 | %
Weighted average volatility of XHB | 17.9 | % |  | 18.4 | % |  | 19.4 | %
Weighted average correlation coefficient | 0.44 |  |  | 0.53 |  |  | 0.58 |
Weighted average risk-free interest rate | 2.6 | % |  | 1.5 | % |  | 0.9 | %
Weighted average dividend yield | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
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(a) | Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities of the Company and select comparable companies.
Summary of Stock Options Valuation Assumptions | The fair value of the options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model utilizing the following assumptions:
| 2018 Options |  | 2017 Options |  | 2016 Options
Weighted average grant date fair value | $ | 7.12 |  |  | $ | 8.61 |  |  | $ | 10.81 |
Weighted average expected volatility (a) | 28.5 | % |  | 30.7 | % |  | 31.7 | %
Weighted average expected term (years) (b) | 6.25 |  |  | 6.25 |  |  | 6.25 |
Weighted average risk-free interest rate (c) | 2.7 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | 1.3 | %
Weighted average dividend yield | 1.4 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  | 0.1 | %
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(a) | Expected volatility was based on historical volatilities of the Company and select comparable companies.
(b) | The expected term of the options granted represents the period of time that options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the simplified method.
(c) | The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant, which corresponds to the expected term of the options.

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