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Note 4. Intangible Assets Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill [Table Text Block]

Goodwill by segment and changes in the carrying amount are as follows:

	Real Estate Franchise Services				Company Owned Brokerage Services				Relocation Services				Title and Settlement Services				Total Company
Balance at January 1, 2016	$	2,292			$	841			$	360			$	125			$	3,618
Goodwill acquired (a)	—				52				—				20				72
Balance at December 31, 2016	2,292				893				360				145				3,690
Goodwill acquired (b)	—				11				—				9				20
Balance at December 31, 2017	2,292				904				360				154				3,710
Goodwill acquired (c)	—				2				—				—				2
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	2,292			$	906			$	360			$	154			$	3,712
Goodwill and accumulated impairment summary
Gross goodwill	$	3,315			$	1,064			$	641			$	478			$	5,498
Accumulated impairment losses (d)	(1,023		)		(158		)		(281		)		(324		)		(1,786		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	2,292			$	906			$	360			$	154			$	3,712

_______________

(a) Goodwill acquired during the year ended December 31, 2016 relates to the acquisition of eleven real estate brokerage operations and one title and settlement operation.

(b) Goodwill acquired during the year ended December 31, 2017 relates to the acquisition of sixteen real estate brokerage operations and two title and settlement operations.

(c) Goodwill acquired during the year ended December 31, 2018 relates to the acquisition of three real estate brokerage operations.

(d) During the fourth quarter of 2008 and 2007 the Company recorded impairment charges, which reduced goodwill by $1,279 million and $507 million, respectively. No goodwill or unamortized intangible asset impairments have been recorded since 2008

Schedule of Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Table Text Block]

Intangible assets are as follows:

	As of December 31, 2018												As of December 31, 2017
	Gross Carrying Amount				Accumulated Amortization				Net Carrying Amount				Gross Carrying Amount				Accumulated Amortization				Net Carrying Amount
Amortizable—Franchise agreements (a)	$	2,019			$	792			$	1,227			$	2,019			$	725			$	1,294
Indefinite life—Trademarks (b)	$	749							$	749			$	749							$	749
Other Intangibles
Amortizable—License agreements (c)	$	45			$	11			$	34			$	45			$	10			$	35
Amortizable—Customer relationships (d)	549				359				190				549				335				214
Indefinite life—Title plant shares (e)	18								18				18								18
Amortizable—Pendings and listings (f)	—				—				—				2				1				1
Amortizable—Other (g)	33				21				12				33				17				16
Total Other Intangibles	$	645			$	391			$	254			$	647			$	363			$	284

_______________

(a) Generally amortized over a period of 30 years.

(b) Primarily related to real estate franchise brands and Cartus tradenames, which are expected to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.

(c) Relates to the Sotheby’s International Realty^® and Better Homes and Gardens^® Real Estate agreements which are being amortized over 50 years (the contractual term of the license agreements).

(d) Relates to the customer relationships at the Relocation Services segment, the Title and Settlement Services segment and our Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment. These relationships are being amortized over a period of 2 to 20 years.

(e) Ownership in a title plant is required to transact title insurance in certain states. The Company expects to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.

(f) Generally amortized over a period of 5 months.

(g) Consists of covenants not to compete which are amortized over their contract lives and other intangibles which are generally amortized over periods ranging from 5 to 10 years.

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense [Table Text Block]

Intangible asset amortization expense is as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2018				2017				2016
Franchise agreements	$	67			$	67			$	67
License agreements	1				1				1
Customer relationships	24				25				28
Pendings and listings	1				4				12
Other	4				5				5
Total	$	97			$	102			$	113

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+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=108376223&loc=d3e13816-109267

Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=108376223&loc=d3e13854-109267

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