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Note 11. Restructuring Costs Restructuring Costs (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring and Related Costs
The components of the restructuring charges for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Personnel-related costs (1)
$
25

 
$
7

 
$
22

Facility-related costs (2)
22

 
4

 
11

Internal use software impairment (3)
11

 

 

Other restructuring costs (4)

 
1

 
6

Total restructuring charges (5)
$
58

 
$
12

 
$
39

_______________
(1)
Personnel-related costs consist of severance costs provided to employees who have been terminated and duplicate payroll costs during transition.
(2)
Facility-related costs consist of costs associated with planned facility closures such as contract termination costs, lease payments, net of applicable sublease income, that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the Company, accelerated depreciation on asset disposals and other facility and employee relocation related costs.
(3)
Internal use software impairment relates to development costs capitalized for a project that was determined to not meet the Company's strategic goals when analyzed by the Company's new leadership team.
(4)
Other restructuring costs consist of costs related to professional fees, consulting fees and other costs associated with restructuring activities which are primarily included in the Corporate and Other business segment.
(5)
The year ended December 31, 2018 includes $56 million of expense related to the Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities program and $2 million of expense related to the Business Optimization Initiative program. The years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 include expenses related to the Business Optimization Initiative program.
Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending reserve balances for the restructuring program related to Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities:
 
Personnel-related costs
 
Facility-related costs
 
Internal use software impairment
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2017
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Restructuring charges
25

 
20

 
11

 
56

Costs paid or otherwise settled
(18
)
 
(7
)
 
(11
)
 
(36
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
7

 
$
13

 
$

 
$
20

Schedule of Expected Restructuring Costs by Cost Type
The following table shows the total costs currently expected to be incurred by type of cost for the restructuring program related to Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities:
 
Total amount expected to be incurred
 
Amount incurred to date
 
Total amount remaining to be incurred
Personnel-related costs
$
27

 
$
25

 
$
2

Facility-related costs
20

 
20

 

Internal use software impairment
11

 
11

 

Total
$
58

 
$
56

 
$
2

Schedule of Expected Restructuring Costs by Business Segment
The following table shows the total costs currently expected to be incurred by reportable segment for the restructuring program related to Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities:
 
Total amount expected to be incurred
 
Amount incurred to date
 
Total amount remaining to be incurred
Real Estate Franchise Services
$
3

 
$
3

 
$

Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services
37

 
36

 
1

Relocation Services
11

 
11

 

Title and Settlement Services
3

 
3

 

Corporate and Other
4

 
3

 
1

Total
$
58

 
$
56

 
$
2