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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill by segment and changes in the carrying amount | Goodwill by reporting unit and changes in the carrying amount are as follows:
| Realogy Franchise Group |  | Realogy Brokerage Group |  | Realogy Title Group |  | Total Company
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 2,509 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 2,910 |
Goodwill acquired (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Goodwill reduction for sale of a business (b) | (3) |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | (13) |
Balance at September 30, 2021 | $ | 2,506 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 2,899 |
Accumulated impairment losses (c) | $ | 1,447 |  |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 324 |  |  | $ | 2,579 |
_______________ (a)Goodwill acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 relates to the acquisition of one title and settlement operation. (b)Goodwill reduction relates to the sale of a relocation-related business during the first quarter of 2021 and the sale of a business at Realogy Brokerage Group during the second quarter of 2021. (c)Includes impairment charges which reduced goodwill by $540 million during 2020, $253 million during 2019, $1,279 million during 2008 and $507 million during 2007.
Intangible Assets | Intangible assets are as follows:
| As of September 30, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Amortizable—Franchise agreements (a) | $ | 2,010 |  |  | $ | 972 |  |  | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 2,010 |  |  | $ | 922 |  |  | $ | 1,088 |
Indefinite life—Trademarks (b) | $ | 685 |  |  |  |  | $ | 685 |  |  | $ | 685 |  |  |  |  | $ | 685 |
Other Intangibles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortizable—License agreements (c) | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 32 |
Amortizable—Customer relationships (d) | 456 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 509 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 133 |
Indefinite life—Title plant shares (e) | 25 |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  | 20 |  |  |  |  | 20 |
Amortizable—Other (f) | 12 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 3 |
Total Other Intangibles | $ | 538 |  |  | $ | 363 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 588 |  |  | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | 188 |
_______________ (a)Generally amortized over a period of 30 years. (b)Primarily related to real estate franchise brands which are expected to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time. (c)Relates to the Sotheby’s International Realty® and Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate agreements which are being amortized over 50 years (the contractual term of the license agreements). (d)Relates to the customer relationships at Realogy Franchise Group, Realogy Title Group and Realogy Brokerage Group. These relationships are being amortized over a period of 2 to 20 years. (e)Ownership in a title plant is required to transact title insurance in certain states. The Company expects to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time. (f)Consists of covenants not to compete which are amortized over their contract lives and other intangibles which are generally amortized over periods ranging from 5 to 10 years.
Intangible asset amortization expense | Intangible asset amortization expense is as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Franchise agreements | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 51 |
License agreements | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Customer relationships | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 1 |
Other | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Total | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 56 |

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