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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]
USE OF ESTIMATES
In presenting the consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and related disclosures. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]
CONSOLIDATION
The Company consolidates any variable interest entity ("VIE") for which it is the primary beneficiary with a controlling financial interest. Also, the Company consolidates an entity not deemed a VIE if its ownership, direct or indirect, exceeds 50% of the outstanding voting shares of an entity and/or it has the ability to control the financial or operating policies through its voting rights, board representation or other similar rights. For entities where the Company does not have a controlling financial or operating interest, the investments in such entities are accounted for using the equity method or at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, as appropriate (see "Investments" below).
Equity Method Investments [Policy Text Block]
INVESTMENTS
The Company applies the equity method of accounting when it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of an investee but does not a controlling financial or operating interest in the joint venture. The Company records its share of the net earnings or losses of its equity method investments on the “Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities” line in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Investments not accounted for using the equity method are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income or in the case that an investment does not have readily determinable fair values, at cost minus impairment (if any) plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had various equity method investments which are recorded within other non-current assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Company's share of equity earnings or losses related to these investments are included in the financial results of the Realogy Title Group and Realogy Brokerage Group segments.
Realogy Title Group's equity method investments include Guaranteed Rate Affinity, LLC ("Guaranteed Rate Affinity") and various other title related investments. Guaranteed Rate Affinity, the Company's 49.9% minority-owned mortgage origination joint venture with Guaranteed Rate, Inc., originates and markets its mortgage lending services to the Company's real estate brokerage as well as other real estate brokerage companies across the country. While the Company has certain governance rights, the Company does not have a controlling financial or operating interest in the joint venture. The Company's investment in Guaranteed Rate Affinity had balances of $94 million and $90 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recorded equity earnings of $49 million, $126 million and $15 million related to its investment in Guaranteed Rate Affinity during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company received $44 million and $96 million in cash dividends from Guaranteed Rate Affinity during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and no cash dividends during the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company invested $2 million of cash into Guaranteed Rate Affinity during the year ended December 31, 2019.
Realogy Title Group's other equity method investments had investment balances totaling $8 million at both December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company recorded equity earnings from the operations of these equity method investments of $6 million, $5 million and $3 million during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company received $7 million, $5 million and $3 million in cash dividends from these equity method investments during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Realogy Brokerage Group's equity method investments include RealSure and the Real Estate Auction Joint Venture. RealSure, the Company's 49% owned joint venture with Home Partners of America, was formed in 2020 and is designed to offer home buyers and sellers options that give them a competitive edge when buying or selling a home, while also keeping the expertise of an independent sales agent at the center of the transaction. The Company expects to continue to invest in RealSure as a strategic growth priority and competitive advantage as RealSure highlights the Company's continued investment in innovating and improving the experience of buying and selling homes and aims to provide affiliated agents and franchise owners the opportunity to win more listings and drive incremental business. While the Company has certain governance rights, the Company does not have a controlling financial or operating interest in the joint venture. The Real Estate Auction Joint Venture, the Company's 50% owned unconsolidated joint venture with Sotheby's, was formed in 2021
and holds an 80% ownership stake in Concierge Auctions, a global luxury real estate auction marketplace that partners with real estate agents to host luxury online auctions for clients. This joint venture supports the Company's strategic growth initiatives in the high-end real estate markets and serves as an additional tool for agents to market and sell unique luxury properties around the world. While the Company has certain governance rights, the Company does not have a controlling financial or operating interest in the joint venture. These equity method investments had investment balances totaling $29 million and $2 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company invested $34 million of cash into these equity method investments and recorded equity losses from the operations of $7 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company invested $2 million of cash during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
The Company considers highly liquid investments with remaining maturities not exceeding three months at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]
RESTRICTED CASH
Restricted cash primarily relates to amounts specifically designated as collateral for the repayment of outstanding borrowings under the Company’s securitization facilities. Such amounts approximated $8 million and $3 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Receivables, Policy [Policy Text Block]
ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS
The Company estimates the allowance necessary to provide for uncollectible accounts receivable. The estimate is based on historical experience, combined with a review of current conditions and forecasts of future losses, and includes specific accounts for which payment has become unlikely. The process by which the Company calculates the allowance begins in the individual business units where specific problem accounts are identified and reserved primarily based upon the age profile of the receivables and specific payment issues, combined with reasonable and supportable forecasts of future losses.
Deferred Charges, Policy [Policy Text Block]
DEBT ISSUANCE COSTS
Debt issuance costs include costs incurred in connection with obtaining debt and extending existing debt. These financing costs are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount, with the exception of the debt issuance costs related to the Revolving Credit Facility and securitization obligations which are classified as a deferred financing asset within other assets. The debt issuance costs are amortized via the effective interest method and the amortization period is the life of the related debt.
Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block]
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The Company records derivatives and hedging activities on the balance sheet at their respective fair values. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to future interest rate volatility associated with its variable rate borrowings.  The Company has not elected to utilize hedge accounting for these instruments; therefore, any change in fair value is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. However, the fluctuations in the value of these instruments generally offset the impact of changes in the value of the underlying risk that they are intended to economically hedge. See Note 17, "Risk Management and Fair Value of Financial Instruments", for further discussion.
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment (including leasehold improvements) are initially recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation, recorded as a component of depreciation and amortization on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, is computed utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Amortization of leasehold improvements, also recorded as a component of depreciation and amortization, is computed utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated benefit period of the related assets or the lease term, if shorter. Useful lives are 30 years for buildings, up to 20 years for leasehold improvements, and from 3 to 7 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment.
The Company capitalizes the costs of software developed for internal use which commences during the development phase of the project. The Company amortizes software developed or obtained for internal use on a straight-line basis, generally from 1 to 5 years, when such software is ready for use. The net carrying value of software developed or obtained for internal use was $126 million and $118 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Including Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]
IMPAIRMENT OF GOODWILL, INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND OTHER LONG-LIVED ASSETS
Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of the net tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Other indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trademarks acquired in business combinations. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived assets are not amortized, but are subject to impairment testing. The aggregate carrying values of our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets were $2,923 million and $712 million, respectively, at December 31, 2021 and are subject to an impairment assessment annually as of October 1, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. The impairment assessment is performed at the reporting unit level which includes Realogy Brokerage Group, franchise services (reported within the Realogy Franchise Group reportable segment), Realogy Title Group and Realogy Leads Group (includes lead generation and Cartus Relocation Services and reported within the Realogy Franchise Group reportable segment). This assessment compares the carrying value of each reporting unit and the carrying value of each other indefinite lived intangible asset to their respective fair values and, when appropriate the carrying value is reduced to fair value and an impairment charge for the excess is recorded on the "Impairments" line in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In testing goodwill, the fair value of each reporting unit is estimated using the income approach, a discounted cash flow method. For the other indefinite lived intangible assets, fair value is estimated using the relief from royalty method. Management utilizes long-term cash flow forecasts and the Company's annual operating plans adjusted for terminal value assumptions. The fair value of the Company's reporting units and other indefinite lived intangible assets are determined utilizing the best estimate of future revenues, operating expenses including commission expense, market and general economic conditions, trends in the industry, as well as assumptions that management believes marketplace participants would utilize including discount rates, cost of capital, trademark royalty rates, and long-term growth rates. The trademark royalty rate was determined by reviewing similar trademark agreements with third parties.
Although management believes that assumptions are reasonable, actual results may vary significantly. These impairment assessments involve the use of accounting estimates and assumptions, changes in which could materially impact our financial condition or operating performance if actual results differ from such estimates and assumptions. Furthermore, significant negative industry or economic trends, disruptions to the business, unexpected significant changes or planned changes in use of the assets, a decrease in business results, growth rates that fall below management's assumptions, divestitures, and a sustained decline in the Company's stock price and market capitalization may have a negative effect on the fair values and key valuation assumptions. Such changes could result in changes to management's estimates of the Company's fair value and a material impairment of goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets. To address this uncertainty, a sensitivity analysis is performed on key estimates and assumptions.
Based upon the impairment analysis performed in the fourth quarter of 2021, there was no impairment of goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2021. Management evaluated the effect of lowering the estimated fair value for each of the reporting units by 10% and determined that no impairment of goodwill would have been recognized under this evaluation for 2021.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded the following non-cash impairments related to goodwill and intangible assets:
an impairment of Realogy Franchise Group trademarks of $30 million and a goodwill impairment of $413 million for Realogy Brokerage Group in the first quarter of 2020 driven by the impact on future earnings related to the COVID-19 pandemic primarily due to a significant increase in the weighted average cost of capital as a result of the volatility in the capital and debt markets due to COVID-19 and the related lower projected financial results;
impairment charges of $105 million related to goodwill and $18 million related to customer relationships during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (while Cartus Relocation Services was held for sale) to reduce the net assets to the estimated proceeds; and
an additional goodwill impairment charge of $22 million and a trademark impairment charge of $34 million related to Cartus Relocation Services in the fourth quarter of 2020 as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis resulting in lower relocation activity which negatively impacted the operating results of relocation services.
The results of the Company's annual impairment assessment indicated no other impairment charges were required for the other reporting units or other indefinite-lived intangibles. Management evaluated the effect of lowering the estimated fair value for each of the passing reporting units by 10% and determined that no impairment of goodwill would have been recognized under this evaluation for 2020. Due to the impairments during 2020 for the Realogy Franchise Group and Cartus Relocation Service trademarks, there was little to no excess fair value over carrying value as of December 31, 2020.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded non-cash impairments which included a goodwill impairment charge of $237 million related to Realogy Brokerage Group and a $22 million reduction to record net assets held for sale at the lower of carrying value or fair value, less costs to sell (including $16 million related to goodwill), for Cartus Relocation Services which was presented as held for sale at December 31, 2019. The results of the Company's annual impairment assessment indicated no other impairment charges were required for the other reporting units or other indefinite-lived intangibles. Management evaluated the effect of lowering the estimated fair value for each of the passing reporting units by 10% and determined that no impairment of goodwill would have been recognized under this evaluation for 2019.
The Company evaluates the recoverability of its other long-lived assets, including amortizable intangible assets, if circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. This assessment is performed by comparing the respective carrying values of the assets to the current and expected future cash flows, on an undiscounted basis, to be generated from such assets. If such assessment indicates that the carrying value of these assets is not recoverable, then the carrying value of such assets is reduced to fair value through a charge to the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]
INCOME TAXES
The Company’s provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated based upon the differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using currently enacted tax rates. These differences are based upon estimated differences between the book and tax basis of the assets and liabilities for the Company. Certain tax assets and liabilities of the Company may be adjusted in connection with the finalization of income tax audits.
The Company’s deferred tax assets are recorded net of a valuation allowance when, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the recorded deferred tax balances will not be realized in future periods. Decreases to the valuation allowance are recorded as reductions to the Company’s provision for income taxes and increases to the valuation allowance result in additional provision for income taxes.
Advertising Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block]
ADVERTISING EXPENSES
Advertising costs are generally expensed in the period incurred. Advertising expenses, recorded within the marketing expense line item on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations, were approximately $192 million, $157 million and $197 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company grants stock-based awards to certain senior management members, employees and directors including restricted stock units and performance share units. The fair value of restricted stock units and performance share units without a market condition is measured based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the grant date and is recognized as expense over the service period of the award, or when requisite performance metrics or milestones are probable of being achieved. The fair value of awards with a market condition are estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation method and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.
Discontinued Operations, Policy
ASSETS HELD FOR SALE AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
The Company reports the results of operations of a business as discontinued operations if a disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results when the business is sold and classified as held for sale, in accordance with the criteria of Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205 Presentation of Financial Statements ("ASC 205") and ASC Topic 360 Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”). Assets and liabilities of a business classified as held for sale are recorded at the lower of its carrying amount or estimated fair value,
less cost to sell, and depreciation ceases on the date that the held for sale criteria are met. If the carrying amount of the business exceeds its estimated fair value less cost to sell, a loss is recognized. Assets and liabilities related to a business classified as held for sale are segregated in the current and prior balance sheets in the period in which the business is classified as held for sale. The results of discontinued operations are reported in a separate line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations commencing in the period in which the business meets the criteria, and includes any gain or loss recognized on closing, or adjustment of the carrying amount to fair value less cost to sell. Transactions between the businesses held for sale and businesses held and used that are expected to continue to exist after the disposal are not eliminated to appropriately reflect the continuing operations and balances held for sale
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]
RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
The Company adopted the new standard on Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes effective January 1, 2021. The new standard clarifies and simplifies aspects of the accounting for income taxes to help promote consistent application of GAAP by eliminating certain exceptions to the general principles of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption on January 1, 2021.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates. Recently issued standards not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
The FASB issued its new standard on Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity which simplifies the accounting for instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible debt. The new standard reduces the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock resulting in fewer embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract and the interest rate of more convertible debt instruments being closer to the coupon interest rate, as compared with prior guidance. In addition, the standard changes the diluted earnings per share calculation for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares and for convertible instruments. The new standard is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2021 and permits the use of either the modified retrospective or fully retrospective method of transition.
The Company will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective method. Upon adoption, the Company expects to derecognize the unamortized debt discount and related equity component associated with its Exchangeable Senior Notes. This will result in an increase to Long-term debt of approximately $65 million, a reduction to Additional paid-in capital of approximately $53 million, net of taxes, and a reduction to Deferred tax liabilities of approximately $17 million. The Company expects to record a cumulative effect of adoption adjustment of approximately $5 million, net of taxes, as a reduction to Accumulated deficit on January 1, 2022 related to the reversal of cumulative interest expense recognized for the amortization of the debt discount on its Exchangeable Senior Notes since issuance. Upon adoption, the Company is required to use the "if converted" method when calculating the dilutive impact of convertible debt on earnings per share, however the Company's does not expect this change to have a financial impact upon adoption as the Company's Exchangeable Senior Notes have been antidilutive since issuance.