Goodwill and Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

Goodwill by reporting unit and changes in the carrying amount are as follows:


	Franchise Group		Owned Brokerage Group		Title Group		Total Company
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	2,392	$	—	$	131	$	2,523
Goodwill acquired / reduction	—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	2,392	$	—	$	131	$	2,523

Accumulated impairment losses (a)	$	1,561	$	1,088	$	324	$	2,973

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(a)Includes impairment charges which reduced goodwill by $394 million during 2022, $540 million during 2020, $253 million during 2019, $1,279 million during 2008 and $507 million during 2007.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are as follows:


	As of March 31, 2023						As of December 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Amortizable—Franchise agreements (a)	$	2,010	$	1,072	$	938	$	2,010	$	1,056	$	954
Indefinite life—Trademarks (b)	$	611			$	611	$	611			$	611
Other Intangibles
Amortizable—License agreements (c)	$	45	$	15	$	30	$	45	$	15	$	30
Amortizable—Customer relationships (d)	456		371		85		456		366		90
Indefinite life—Title plant shares (e)	28				28		28				28
Amortizable—Other (f)	10		9		1		11		9		2
Total Other Intangibles	$	539	$	395	$	144	$	540	$	390	$	150

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(a)Generally amortized over a period of 30 years.

(b)Primarily related to real estate franchise, title and relocation trademarks which are expected to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.

(c)Relates to the Sotheby’s International Realty® and Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate agreements which are being amortized over 50 years (the contractual term of the license agreements).

(d)Relates to the customer relationships at Franchise Group, Title Group and Owned Brokerage Group. These relationships are being amortized over a period of 7 to 20 years.

(e)Ownership in a title plant is required to transact title insurance in certain states. The Company expects to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.

(f)Consists of covenants not to compete which are amortized over their contract lives and other intangibles which are generally amortized over periods ranging from 3 to 5 years.

Intangible asset amortization expense is as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Franchise agreements	$	17	$	17
Customer relationships	5		5
Other	1		2
Total	$	23	$	24

Based on the Company’s amortizable intangible assets as of March 31, 2023, the Company expects related amortization expense for the remainder of 2023, the four succeeding years and thereafter to be approximately $67 million, $89 million, $89 million, $89 million, $74 million and $646 million, respectively.