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Restructuring Costs (Notes)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring Costs RESTRUCTURING COSTS
Restructuring charges were $7 million and $18 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $6 million and $31 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The components of the restructuring charges were as follows:
 Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
202420232024 2023
Personnel-related costs (1)$5 $2 $10 $13 
Facility-related costs (2)2 4 8 18 
Total restructuring charges (3)$7 $6 $18 $31 
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(1)Personnel-related costs consist of severance costs provided to employees who have been terminated.
(2)Facility-related costs consist of costs associated with planned facility closures such as contract termination costs, amortization of lease assets that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the Company, accelerated depreciation on asset disposals and other facility and employee relocation related costs.
(3)Restructuring charges for the three months ended June 30, 2024 include $6 million of expense related to the Operational Efficiencies Plan and $1 million of expense related to prior restructuring plans.
Restructuring charges for the three months ended June 30, 2023 include $5 million of expense related to the Operational Efficiencies Plan and $1 million of expense related to prior restructuring plans.
Restructuring charges for the six months ended June 30, 2024 include $16 million of expense related to the Operational Efficiencies Plan and $2 million of expense related to prior restructuring plans.
Restructuring charges for the six months ended June 30, 2023 include $28 million of expense related to the Operational Efficiencies Plan and $3 million of expense related to prior restructuring plans.
Operational Efficiencies Plan
The Company is actively executing its strategic Operational Efficiencies Plan ("the Plan"). In response to housing market trends, a significant workforce reduction occurred in January 2023. Additional costs in 2024 relate primarily to facility closures as part of ongoing Plan execution. The Company’s broader cost reduction initiatives include digital transformation efforts and technology investments in efforts to support its independent sales agents, franchisees and consumers.
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending reserve balances related to the Plan:
Personnel-related costsFacility-related costs Total
Balance at December 31, 2023
$10 $4 $14 
Restructuring charges (1)10 6 16 
Costs paid or otherwise settled(8)(7)(15)
Balance at June 30, 2024
$12 $3 15 
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(1)In addition, the Company incurred $6 million of facility-related costs for lease asset impairments in connection with the Plan during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The following table shows the total costs currently expected to be incurred by type of cost related to the Plan:
Total amount expected to be incurred Amount incurred
to date		 Total amount remaining to be incurred
Personnel-related costs$47 $45 $2 
Facility-related costs41 34 7 
Total$88 $79 $9 
The following table shows the total costs currently expected to be incurred by reportable segment related to the Plan:
Total amount expected to be incurred Amount incurred
to date		 Total amount remaining to be incurred
Franchise Group$16 $16 $— 
Owned Brokerage Group54 46 8 
Title Group6 5 1 
Corporate and Other12 12 — 
Total$88 $79 $9 
Prior Restructuring Plans
During 2019, the Company took various strategic initiatives to reduce costs and institute operational and facility related efficiencies to drive profitability. During 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company transitioned substantially all of its employees to a remote-work environment which allowed the Company to reevaluate its office space needs. As a result, additional facility and operational efficiencies were identified and implemented which included the transformation of its corporate headquarters in Madison, New Jersey to an open-plan innovation hub. At December 31, 2023, the remaining liability related to these initiatives was $9 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company incurred $2 million of costs and paid or settled $2 million of costs resulting in a remaining accrual of $9 million at June 30, 2024. The remaining accrual of $9 million and total amount remaining to be incurred of $17 million primarily relate to the transformation of the Company's corporate headquarters.