<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>dex991.txt
<DESCRIPTION>JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
<TEXT>
<PAGE>

                                                                       EXHIBIT 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

     The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G to
which this Agreement is attached.

Dated: January 26, 2005

                                   ARTISAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION
                                   for itself and as general partner of
                                   ARTISAN PARTNERS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP


                                   By: Lawrence A. Totsky*
                                       -----------------------------------------


                                   ANDREW A. ZIEGLER


                                   Andrew A. Ziegler*
                                   ---------------------------------------------


                                   CARLENE MURPHY ZIEGLER


                                   Carlene Murphy Ziegler*
                                   ---------------------------------------------


                                   *By: /s/ Lawrence A. Totsky
                                        ----------------------------------------
                                        Lawrence A. Totsky
                                        Chief Financial Officer of Artisan
                                        Investment Corporation
                                        Attorney-in-Fact for Andrew A. Ziegler
                                        Attorney-in-Fact for Carlene Murphy
                                        Ziegler

                                 Page 10 of 12

</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
