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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements of CSWC. Fair Value Measurements We account for substantially all of our financial instruments at fair value in accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework used to measure fair value and requires disclosures for fair value measurements, including the categorization of financial instruments into a three-level hierarchy based on the transparency of valuation inputs. ASC 820 requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments for which it is practical to estimate such value. We believe that the carrying amounts of our financial instruments such as cash, receivables and payables approximate the fair value of these items due to the short maturity of these instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique. The carrying value of our credit facilities approximates fair value (Level 3 input). See Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements below for further discussion regarding the fair value measurements and hierarchy. Investments Investments are stated at fair value and are determined by the Valuation Committee as the Valuation Designee pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, subject to the oversight of our Board of Directors, as described in the Notes to the Consolidated Schedule of Investments, Note 3 - Investments and Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements below. Investments are recorded on a trade date basis. Net Realized Gains or Losses and Net Unrealized Appreciation or Depreciation Realized gains or losses are measured by the difference between the net proceeds from the sale or redemption of an investment or a financial instrument and the cost basis of the investment or financial instrument, without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, and includes investments written-off during the period net of recoveries and realized gains or losses from in-kind redemptions. Net unrealized appreciation or depreciation reflects the net change in the fair value of the investment portfolio and financial instruments and the reclassification of any prior period unrealized appreciation or depreciation on exited investments and financial instruments to realized gains or losses. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, which consist of cash and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase, are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash may be held in a money market fund from time to time, which is a Level 1 security. At March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, cash held in money market funds amounted to $28.1 million and $18.8 million, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents includes deposits at financial institutions. We deposit our cash balances in financial institutions and, at times, such balances may be in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. At March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, cash balances totaling $43.1 million and $30.7 million, respectively, exceeded FDIC insurance limits, subjecting us to risk related to the uninsured balance. All of our cash deposits are held at large established high credit quality financial institutions and management believes that the risk of loss associated with any uninsured balances is remote. Restricted cash includes cash that may be restricted due to legal or contractual obligations and is not readily available for general business operations. Escrow Receivable Escrow receivables are collected in accordance with the terms and conditions of the escrow agreement. Escrow balances are typically distributed over a period greater than one year. Escrow balances are measured for collectability on at least a quarterly basis. Segment Reporting The Company has determined that it has a single operating segment in accordance with ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting ("ASC 280"), which derives income from its portfolio investments. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer together allocate resources and assesses performance and thus together serve as the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). As an investment company, we derive income primarily from debt investments in portfolio companies as discussed in Note 3 - Investments. While the Company lends to and separately evaluates the performance of each portfolio company in which it invests, the CODM evaluates and monitors performance of the business on a consolidated basis. Further, each investment is evaluated and managed using similar processes and shared operations support functions such as deal origination, underwriting, loan servicing in addition to the administrative functions of human resources, legal, finance and information technology. The accounting policies of the segment align with those outlined in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The CODM uses net investment income and net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations to assess the Company's performance and when allocating resources. These performance metrics are considered the key segment measure of profit or loss received by the CODM. As the Company’s operations comprise of a single reporting segment, the segment assets are reflected on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities as total assets and investments held on the Consolidated Schedules of Investments. The significant segment expenses are listed on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Consolidation As permitted under Regulation S-X and ASC 946, we generally do not consolidate our investment in a portfolio company other than an investment company subsidiary or a controlled operating company whose business consists of providing services to CSWC. Accordingly, we consolidate the results of the Taxable Subsidiary, SPV, SBIC I and SBIC II. All intercompany balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We have identified investment valuation and revenue recognition as our most critical accounting estimates. Interest and Dividend Income Interest and dividend income is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent amounts are expected to be collected. Dividend income is recognized on the date dividends are declared by the portfolio company or at the point an obligation exists for the portfolio company to make a distribution. Discounts/premiums received to par on loans purchased are capitalized and accreted or amortized into income over the life of the loan using the effective interest method. In accordance with our valuation policy, accrued interest and dividend income is evaluated quarterly for collectability. When we do not expect the debtor to be able to service all of its debt or other obligations, we generally will establish a reserve against interest income receivable, thereby placing the loan or debt security on non-accrual status, and cease to recognize interest income on that loan or debt security until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and intent to pay contractual amounts due. If a loan or debt security’s status significantly improves regarding its ability to service debt or other obligations, it will be restored to accrual basis. As of March 31, 2025, investments on non-accrual status represented approximately 1.7% of our total investment portfolio at fair value and approximately 3.5% at cost. As of March 31, 2024, investments on non-accrual status represented approximately 2.3% of our total investment portfolio at fair value and approximately 3.9% at cost. Payment-in-Kind Interest The Company currently holds, and expects to hold in the future, some investments in its portfolio that contain PIK interest provisions. The PIK interest, computed at the contractual rate specified in each loan agreement, is added to the principal balance of the loan, rather than being paid to the Company in cash, and is recorded as interest income. Thus, the actual collection of PIK interest may be deferred until the time of debt principal repayment. PIK interest, which is a non-cash source of income, is included in the Company’s taxable income and therefore affects the amount the Company is required to distribute to shareholders to maintain its qualification as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, even though the Company has not yet collected the cash. Generally, when current cash interest and/or principal payments on a loan become past due, or if the Company otherwise does not expect the borrower to be able to service its debt and other obligations, the Company will place the investment on non-accrual status and will generally cease recognizing PIK interest income on that loan for financial reporting purposes until all principal and interest have been brought current through payment or due to a restructuring such that the interest income is deemed to be collectible. The Company writes off any accrued and uncollected PIK interest when it is determined that the PIK interest is no longer collectible. For the year ended March 31, 2025, we had five investments for which we stopped accruing PIK interest. For the year ended March 31, 2024, we had five investments for which we stopped accruing PIK interest. For the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, approximately 6.2%, 5.7% and 4.6%, respectively, of CSWC’s total investment income was attributable to non-cash PIK interest income. Fee Income Recurring fee income, generally collected in advance, includes fees for administration and valuation services rendered by the Company. These fees are typically charged annually and are amortized into income over the year. The Company recognizes nonrecurring fees, including prepayment penalties, waiver fees, arranger fees and amendment fees, as fee income when earned. In addition, the Company also may be entitled to an exit fee that is amortized into income over the life of the loan. Loan exit fees to be paid at the termination of the loan are accreted into fee income over the contractual life of the loan. Warrants In connection with the Company's debt investments, the Company may receive warrants or other equity-related securities from the borrower. The Company determines the cost basis of warrants based upon their respective fair values on the date of receipt in proportion to the total fair value of the debt and warrants received. Any resulting difference between the face amount of the debt and its recorded fair value resulting from the assignment of value to the warrants is treated as original issue discount (“OID”), and accreted into interest income using the effective interest method over the term of the debt investment. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs include commitment fees and other costs related to the Corporate Credit Facility (as defined below), the SPV Credit Facility (as defined below), the Company's unsecured notes (as discussed further in Note 5 - Borrowings) and the debentures guaranteed by the SBA (the "SBA Debentures"). The costs in connection with the Credit Facilities (as defined below) have been capitalized and are amortized into interest expense over the term of the respective credit facility. The costs in connection with the unsecured notes and the SBA Debentures are a direct deduction from the related debt liability and amortized into interest expense over the term of the January 2026 Notes (as defined below), the October 2026 Notes (as defined below), the August 2028 Notes (as defined below), the 2029 Convertible Notes (as defined below) and the SBA Debentures. Equity Offering Costs Offering costs include SEC registration fees, legal fees and accounting fees incurred. The Company’s offering costs are charged against the proceeds from equity offerings when proceeds are received. Earnings Per Share The Company's earnings per share ("EPS") amounts have been computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period under the two-class method. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations applicable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period of computation. Diluted EPS is computed using the if-converted method for convertible debt, which reflects the potential dilution that would occur if all of the notes were converted as of the beginning of the reporting period (or the date of issuance, if later). The if-converted method is computed by dividing the net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations (adjusted to reverse any recognized interest expense), by the weighted average number of shares of common stock assuming all potential shares had been converted, and the additional shares of common stock were dilutive. In accordance with ASC 260-10-45-60A, the Company uses the two-class method in the computation of basic EPS and diluted EPS. The unvested shares of restricted stock awarded pursuant to CSWC’s equity compensation plans are considered participating securities for the purpose of calculating basic and diluted earnings per share. Realized Losses on Extinguishment of Debt Upon the repayment of debt obligations that are deemed to be extinguishments, the difference between the principal amount due at maturity adjusted for any unamortized debt issuance costs is recognized as a loss (i.e., the unamortized debt issuance costs and any "make-whole" premium payment) are recognized as a loss upon extinguishment of the underlying debt obligation). Leases The Company is obligated under an operating lease pursuant to which it is leasing an office facility from a third party with a remaining term of approximately 10.5 years. The operating lease is included as an operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") asset, included in other assets, and operating lease liability, included in other liabilities, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities. The Company does not have any financing leases. The ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and the operating lease liability represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from such lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the remaining lease term. The Company’s lease does not provide an implicit discount rate, and as such the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the remaining lease payments. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term. Federal Income Taxes CSWC has elected, and intends to qualify annually, to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a RIC under subsection M of the Code. By meeting these requirements, we will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes at corporate rates on ordinary income or capital gains timely distributed to shareholders. In order to qualify as a RIC, the Company is required to timely distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code, each year. Investment company taxable income generally differs from net income for financial reporting purposes due to temporary and permanent differences in the recognition of income and expenses. Investment company taxable income generally excludes net unrealized appreciation or depreciation, as investment gains and losses are not included in investment company taxable income until they are realized. Depending on the level of taxable income or capital gains earned in a tax year, we may choose to carry forward taxable income or capital gains in excess of current year distributions into the next year and pay a 4% U.S. federal excise tax on such income. Any such carryover taxable income or capital gains must be distributed through a dividend declared on or prior to the later of (1) the filing of the U.S. federal income tax return for the applicable fiscal year and (2) the fifteenth day of the ninth month following the close of the year in which such taxable income was generated. In lieu of distributing our net capital gains for a year, we may decide to retain some or all of our net capital gains. We will be required to pay a 21% corporate rate U.S. federal income tax on any such retained net capital gains. We may elect to treat such retained capital gain as a deemed distribution to shareholders. Under such circumstances, shareholders will be required to include their share of such retained capital gain in income, but will receive a credit for the amount of U.S. federal income tax paid at corporate rates with respect to their shares. As an investment company that qualifies as a RIC, federal income taxes payable on security gains that we elect to retain are accrued only on the last day of our tax year, December 31. Any net capital gains actually distributed to shareholders and properly reported by us as capital gain dividends are generally taxable to the shareholders as long-term capital gains. See Note 6 - Income Taxes for further discussion. The Taxable Subsidiary, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CSWC, is not a RIC and is subject to U.S. federal income tax at the corporate rate of 21%. For tax purposes, the Taxable Subsidiary has elected to be treated as a taxable entity, and therefore is not consolidated for tax purposes and is taxed at normal corporate tax rates based on taxable income and, as a result of its activities, may generate an income tax provision or benefit. The taxable income, or loss, of the Taxable Subsidiary may differ from its book income, or loss, due to temporary book and tax timing differences and permanent differences. This income tax provision, or benefit, if any, and the related tax assets and liabilities, are reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Management evaluates tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions with respect to tax at the CSWC level not deemed to meet the “more-likely-than-not” threshold would be recorded as an expense in the current year. Management’s conclusions regarding tax positions will be subject to review and may be adjusted at a later date based on factors including, but not limited to, on-going analyses of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof. The Company has concluded that it does not have any uncertain tax positions that meet the recognition of measurement criteria of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, ("ASC 740") for the current period. Also, we account for interest and, if applicable, penalties for any uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax provision. No interest or penalties expense was recorded during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. Deferred Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for losses or income at the Taxable Subsidiary using statutory tax rates. A valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. ASC 740 requires the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances to be recognized in the period in which the legislation was enacted. See Note 6 - Income Taxes for further discussion. Stock-Based Compensation We account for our share-based compensation using the fair value method, as prescribed by ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. Accordingly, we recognize share-based compensation cost on a straight-line basis for all share-based payments awards granted to employees. For restricted stock awards, we measure the fair value based upon the market price of our common stock on the date of the grant. For restricted stock awards, we amortize this fair value to share-based compensation expense over the vesting term. We recognize forfeitures as they occur. The right to grant restricted stock awards under the 2010 Plan terminated on July 18, 2021, ten years after the date that the 2010 Restricted Stock Award Plan (the “2010 Plan”) was approved by the Company’s shareholders pursuant to its terms. In connection with the termination of the 2010 Plan, the Board of Directors and shareholders approved the Capital Southwest Corporation 2021 Employee Restricted Stock Award Plan (the "2021 Employee Plan"), which became effective on July 28, 2021, as part of the compensation package for its employees, the terms of which are, in all material respects, identical to the 2010 Plan. On July 19, 2021, we received an exemptive order that supersedes the prior exemptive order relating to the 2010 Plan (the “Order”) to permit the Company to (i) issue restricted stock as part of the compensation package for its employees in the 2021 Employee Plan, and (ii) withhold shares of the Company’s common stock or purchase shares of the Company’s common stock from the participants to satisfy tax withholding obligations relating to the vesting of restricted stock pursuant to the 2021 Employee Plan. In addition, the Board of Directors and shareholders approved the Capital Southwest Corporation 2021 Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Plan (the "Non-Employee Director Plan"), which became effective on July 27, 2022, as part of the compensation package for non-employee directors of the Board of Directors. In connection therewith, on May 16, 2022, we received an exemptive order that supersedes the Order (the "Superseding Order") and covers both employees and non-employee directors of the Board of Directors. Shareholder Distributions Distributions to common shareholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date. The amount of distributions, if any, is determined by the Board of Directors each quarter and is generally based upon the earnings estimated by management. Net realized capital gains, if any, generally are distributed, although the Company may decide to retain such capital gains for investment. Presentation Presentation of certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements for the prior year comparative consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements are updated to conform to the current period presentation. Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Standards In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures," which was issued to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, including an annual requirement to (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company has evaluated the impact of the new standard on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and does not believe it will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements or its disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses," which requires additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the income statement in response to requests from investors for more information about an entity's expenses. The new standard requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and does not believe it will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements or its disclosures.

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