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Note 19 – Derivatives | 6 Months Ended
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Oct. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Note 19 – Derivatives | Note 19 – Derivatives The Company has completed financings which included notes and warrants containing embedded features subject to derivative accounting. Both the notes and the warrants included provisions which provided for a reduction in the conversion and exercise prices, respectively, if the Company completed a future qualified offering at a lower price. These provisions represent embedded derivatives which are valued separately from the host instrument (meaning the notes and warrants) and recognized as derivative liabilities on the Company's balance sheet. The Company initially measures these financial instruments at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations during the period of change. The Company also measures these financial instruments on the date of settlement (meaning when the note is converted, or the warrant is exercised) at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations. Any discount in the carrying value of the note is fully amortized on the date of settlement and recognized as interest expense. The Company estimated the fair value of these embedded derivatives using a multinomial lattice model. The range of underlying assumptions used in the binomial model to determine the fair value of the derivative warrant liability upon settlement of the derivative liability and as of October 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023 are set forth below. In addition, the Company's stock price on each measurement date was used in the model.
|  |  | October 31, 2023 |  |  |  | April 30, 2023 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 4.88 – 5.54% |  |  |  | 2.83 – 4.51% |
Expected dividend yield |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Expected term (in years) |  |  | 1.92 – 2.50 |  |  |  | 2.42 – 3.50 |
Expected volatility |  |  | 80.69 – 107.90% |  |  |  | 138.49 – 235.23% |
As of October 31, 2023, all of the notes had been converted into common stock and 806,666 of the warrants were outstanding. Changes in the derivative liability during the six months ended October 31, 2023 and the year ended April 30, 2023 were as follows:
|  | October 31, 2023 |  | April 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 588,205 |  |  | $ | 1,607,497 |
Additions |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Eliminated upon conversion of notes/exercise of warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Changes in fair value |  |  | (189,002 | ) |  |  | (1,019,292 | )
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 399,203 |  |  | $ | 588,205 |
Changes in fair value primarily relate to changes in the Company’s stock price during the period, with increases in the stock price increasing the liability and decreases in the stock price reducing the liability.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 815 -SubTopic 40 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480237/815-40-50-5 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 5C -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-5C Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 815 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//815/tableOfContent + Details
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