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Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements |
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies General Information and Basis of Presentation The Gorman-Rupp Company is a leading designer, manufacturer and international marketer of pumps and pump systems for use in diverse water, wastewater, construction, dewatering, industrial, petroleum, original equipment, agriculture, fire suppression, heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC), military and other liquid-handling applications. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Earnings per share are calculated based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments The Company considers highly liquid instruments with maturities of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. The Company periodically makes short-term investments for which cost approximates fair value. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable are stated at the historical carrying amount net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for expected losses from the failure of its customers to make required payments for products delivered. The Company estimates this allowance based on knowledge of the financial condition of customers, review of historical receivables and reserve trends, current economic conditions in the company’s major markets and geographies, and other relevant information. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.7 million at December 31, 2023 and $0.5 million at December 31, 2022. Inventories The majority of the Company’s inventories are valued on the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method and stated at the lower of cost or market. All other inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Cost components include materials, inbound freight costs, labor and allocations of fixed and variable overheads on an absorption costing basis. The costs for approximately 66% and 68% of inventories at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were determined using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. Current cost approximates replacement cost, or market, and LIFO cost is determined at the end of each fiscal year based on inventory levels on-hand at current replacement cost and a LIFO reserve. The Company uses the simplified LIFO method, under which the LIFO reserve is determined utilizing the inflation factor specified in the Producer Price Index for Machinery and Equipment – Pumps, Compressors and Equipment, as published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Interim LIFO calculations are based on management’s estimate of the expected year-end inflation index and, as such, are subject to adjustment each quarter including the fourth quarter when the inflation index for the year is finalized. When inflation increases, the LIFO reserve and non-cash expense increase. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated on the basis of cost. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation for property, plant and equipment assets is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets and is included in Cost of products sold and Selling, general and administrative expenses based on the use of the assets. Depreciation expense was $15.9 million, $13.3 million, and $11.2 million for 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is determined based on the following lives:
|  | Years |
Buildings |  | 20 | - | 50 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 5 | - | 15 |
Software |  | 3 | - | 5 |
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Land |  | $ | 6,214 |  |  | $ | 6,215 |
Buildings |  |  | 121,517 |  |  |  | 119,197 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 227,567 |  |  |  | 212,581 |
|  |  | 355,298 |  |  |  | 337,993 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  | (220,426 | ) |  |  | (209,353 | )
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | $ | 134,872 |  |  | $ | 128,640 |
Property, plant and equipment are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recovered through future net cash flows generated by the assets. Impairment losses may be recorded when the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts based on the excess of the carrying amounts over the estimated fair value of the assets. The Company was not aware of any events or changes in circumstances that indicated the carrying value of its property, plant and equipment may not be recoverable. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquired businesses over the fair value of tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets purchased and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is reviewed annually for impairment as of October 1 or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate there may be a possible permanent loss of value using either a quantitative or qualitative analysis. For certain reporting units, the Company performs a quantitative analysis using both a market-based approach and a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. This process requires significant judgements, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts. The Company may otherwise elect to perform a qualitative analysis when deemed appropriate. A qualitative analysis may be performed by assessing certain trends and factors, including projected market outlook and growth rates, forecasted and actual sales and operating profit margins, discount rates, industry data and other relevant qualitative factors. These trends and factors are compared to, and based on, the assumptions used in the most recent quantitative assessment. No impairment charges were recognized in any of the Company’s reporting units in 2023, 2022, or 2021. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Identifiable intangible assets The Company’s primary identifiable intangible assets include customer relationships, technology and drawings, and trade names and trademarks. Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized and those identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Amortization for finite-lived intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets and is included in Cost of products sold and Selling, general and administrative expenses based on the use of the assets. Amortization of finite-lived intangible assets is determined based on the following lives:
|  | Years |
Technology and drawings |  | 13 | - | 20 |
Customer relationships |  | 9 | - | 20 |
Other intangibles |  | 2 | - | 18 |
Identifiable intangible assets that are subject to amortization are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recovered through future net cash flows generated by the assets. Impairment losses may be recorded when the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts based on the excess of the carrying amounts over the estimated fair value of the assets. The Company was not aware of any events or changes in circumstances that indicated the carrying value of its finite-lived intangible assets may not be recoverable. Identifiable intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events warrant. The fair value of these assets is determined using a royalty relief methodology similar to that employed when the associated assets were acquired, but using updated estimates of future sales, cash flows and profitability. For 2023, 2022 and 2021, the fair value of indefinite lived intangible assets exceeded their carrying values. For additional information about goodwill and other intangible assets, see Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Acquisitions The Company allocates the purchase price of its acquisitions to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests based upon their respective fair values at the acquisition date. The Company utilizes management estimates and inputs from an independent third-party valuation firm to assist in determining these fair values. The Company uses the income, market or cost approach (or a combination thereof) for the valuation as appropriate. The valuation inputs in these models and analyses are based on market participant assumptions. Management values property, plant and equipment using the cost approach supported where available by observable market data, which includes consideration of obsolescence. Management values acquired intangible assets using the relief from royalty method or excess earnings method, which are forms of the income approach supported by observable market data for peer companies. The significant assumptions used to estimate the value of the acquired intangible assets include discount rates and certain assumptions that form the basis of future cash flows (such as revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins, customer attrition rates, and royalty rates), which are considered Level 3 assets as the assumptions are unobservable inputs developed by the Company. Acquired inventories are recorded at fair value. For certain items, the carrying value is determined to be a reasonable approximation of fair value based on information available to the Company. The excess of the acquisition price over estimated fair values is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is adjusted for any changes to acquisition date fair value amounts made within the measurement period. Acquisition-related transaction costs are recognized separately from the business combination and expensed as incurred. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Acquisitions”. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control of promised goods or services to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Performance Obligations A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer, and is the unit of account in ASC 606. The transaction price for a customer contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied. For product sales, other than long-term construction-type contracts, the Company recognizes revenue once control has passed at a point in time, which is generally when products are shipped. Payments received for product sales typically occur following delivery and the satisfaction of the performance obligation based upon the terms outlined in the contracts. Substantially all of our customer contracts are fixed-price contracts and the majority of our customer contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual products or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. For customer contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price, which is generally determined based on standalone selling prices charged to customers or using expected cost plus margin. All of the Company's performance obligations, and associated revenue, are generally transferred to customers at a point in time, with the exception of certain highly customized pump products, which are transferred to the customer over time. The Company offers standard warranties for its products to ensure that its products comply with agreed-upon specifications in its contracts. For standard warranties, these do not give rise to performance obligations and represent assurance-type warranties. Shipping and handling activities related to products sold to customers, whether performed before or after the customer obtains control of the products, are generally accounted for as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the products and not as a separate performance obligation. Contract Estimates Accounting for long-term contracts involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For long-term contracts, the Company estimates the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognizes that profit as performance obligations are satisfied. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that could span longer than one year. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability, the complexity of the work to be performed, the cost and availability of materials, and the performance of subcontractors as applicable. As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, the Company reviews and updates its contract-related estimates regularly. Adjustments in estimated profit on contracts are accounted for under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. Contract Balances The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For certain highly customized pump products, revenue is recognized over time before the customer is invoiced, resulting in contract assets. Sometimes the Company receives advances or deposits from its customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These contract assets and liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of Other assets and Deferred revenue and customer deposits, respectively, on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Income Taxes Income tax expense includes United States federal, state, local and international income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities and for loss carryforwards. The tax rate used to determine the deferred tax assets and liabilities is the enacted tax rate for the year and manner in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. The Company accounts for the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) tax in the period in which it is incurred. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits The Company sponsors defined benefit pension plans covering certain domestic employees. Additionally, the Company sponsors defined contribution pension plans made available to all domestic and Canadian employees. The Company also sponsors a non-contributory defined benefit postretirement health care plan that provides health benefits to certain domestic and Canadian retirees and their spouses. The Company funds the cost of these benefits as incurred. The determination of the Company’s obligation and expense for pension and other postretirement benefits is dependent on its selection of certain assumptions used by actuaries in calculating such amounts, which are described in Note 9, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits. The Company recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit pension plan as an asset or liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognizes the change in the funded status in the year in which the change occurs through accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company generally does not require collateral from its customers and has a very good collection history. There were no sales to a single customer that exceeded 10% of total net sales for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 or 2021. Shipping and Handling Costs The Company classifies all amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling as revenue and reflects related shipping and handling costs in Cost of products sold. Advertising The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred, which for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 totaled $4.3 million, $3.3 million, and $1.9 million, respectively. Product Warranties A liability is established for estimated future warranty and service claims based on historical claims experience and specific product failures. The Company expenses warranty costs directly to Cost of products sold. Changes in the Company’s product warranty liability are:
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 1,973 |  |  | $ | 1,637 |  |  | $ | 1,361 |
Provision |  |  | 3,655 |  |  |  | 1,590 |  |  |  | 1,813 |
Acquired |  |  | - |  |  |  | 646 |  |  |  | - |
Claims |  |  | (3,359 | ) |  |  | (1,900 | ) |  |  | (1,537 | )
Balance at end of year |  | $ | 2,269 |  |  | $ | 1,973 |  |  | $ | 1,637 |
Stock based compensation The Company awards shares pursuant to The Gorman-Rupp Company 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Performance Stock Units (“PSU’s”) are typically conditioned upon achievement of appropriate performance metrics. Outstanding PSU’s vest after three years in amounts determined based on the level of achievement over a two-year performance period of compound annual growth targets for operating income, and either shareholder’s equity or improvement in average working capital to sales, depending on when the PSU’s were granted. The Company recognizes compensation expense for PSU’s based on the stock price at the date of the grant using the straight-line amortization method, over the vesting period specified in the grants, as well as the probability of achieving the performance targets. Restricted Stock Units (RSU’s) are valued at the stock price on the date of the grant. The majority of RSU’s vest in annual installments over a period of 3 years. For both PSU’s and RSU’s, upon vesting the Company issues common stock from treasury. The Company recognized stock based compensation expense of $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, $3.0 million in expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $2.0 million in expense for the year-ended December 31, 2021. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures. Foreign Currency Translation Assets and liabilities of the Company’s operations outside the United States which are accounted for in a functional currency other than U.S. dollars are translated into U.S. dollars using year-end exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates effective during the year. Foreign currency translation gains and losses are included as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss within Equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions, the amounts of which are not material, are included in Other (expense) income, net. Fair Value The carrying value of Cash and cash equivalents, Accounts receivable and Accounts payable approximates fair value based on the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of long term debt, including the current portion, approximates fair value as the variable interest rates approximate rates available to other market participants with comparable credit risk. The Company does not recognize any non-financial assets at fair value. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company uses interest rate swap agreements to partially reduce risks related to floating rate financing agreements that are subject to changes in the market rate of interest. Terms of the interest rate swap agreements require the Company to receive a variable interest rate and pay a fixed interest rate. The Company’s interest rate swap agreements and its variable rate financings are predominately based upon an Adjusted Term SOFR Rate. For cash flow hedges, the Company formally assesses, both at inception and on a quarterly basis thereafter, whether the designated derivative instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. Changes in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements that are effective as hedges are recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI). Deferred gains or losses are reclassified from AOCI to the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the same period as the gains or losses from the underlying transactions are recorded and are generally recognized in interest expense. The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when the derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, the underlying hedged transaction is no longer probable, or the hedging instrument expires, or is sold, terminated or exercised. Cash flows from hedging activities are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the same classification as the hedged item, generally as a component of cash flows from operations. New Accounting Pronouncements The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standard Updates (“ASUs”). All recently issued ASUs were assessed and determined either to be not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

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