10-Q 1 hcsg10qq12013.htm FORM 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

| þ |  | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013
OR

| ¨ |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 0-12015

HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania |  | 23-2018365
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporated or organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
3220 Tillman Drive, Suite 300, Bensalem, PA |  | 19020
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(215) 639-4274
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES þ NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES þ NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | þ |  | Accelerated filer | ¨ |  | Non-accelerated filer | ¨ |  | Smaller reporting company | ¨
|  |  |  |  |  | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  |  |  |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YES ¨ NO þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Common Stock, $.01 par value: 68,424,000 shar es outstanding as of April 24, 2013.
1

Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
For the Period Ended March 31, 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 4
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 | 6
| Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 | 7
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 29
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 29
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 30
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 30
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 30
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 30
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 30
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 30
Item 5. | Other Information | 30
Item 6. | Exhibits | 30
Signatures | 31

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report and documents incorporated by reference into this report may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as amended, which are not historical facts but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and industry, our beliefs and assumptions. Words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “will,” “goal,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The inclusion of forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us that any of our plans will be achieved. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Such forward-looking information is also subject to various risks and uncertainties. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, risks arising from our providing services exclusively to the health care industry, primarily providers of long-term care; credit and collection risks associated with this industry; from having several significant clients who each individually contributed at least 3% to 6% of our total consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2013; our claims experience related to workers’ compensation and general liability insurance; the effects of changes in, or interpretations of laws and regulations governing the industry, our workforce and services provided, including state and local regulations pertaining to the taxability of our services; and the risk factors described in Part I of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 under “Government Regulation of Clients,” “Competition” and “Service Agreements/Collections,” and under Item IA “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012. Many of our clients’ revenues are highly contingent on Medicare, Medicaid and other payors’ reimbursement funding rates, which Congress and related agencies have affected through the enactment of a number of major laws and regulations during the past decade, including the March 2010 enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. In July 2011, the United States Center for Medicare Services (“CMS”) issued final rulings which, among other things, reduced (effective October 1, 2011) Medicare payments to nursing centers by 11.1% and changed the reimbursement for the provision of group rehabilitation therapy services to Medicare beneficiaries. In January 2013, the U.S. Congress enacted the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which delayed automatic spending cuts of $1.2 trillion, including reduced Medicare payments to plans and providers up to 2%. These discretionary spending caps were originally enacted under provisions in the Budget Control Act of 2011, an initiative to reduce the federal deficit through the year 2021, also known as “sequestration.” The sequestration went into effect starting March 2013. Currently, the U.S. Congress is considering further changes or revising legislation relating to health care in the United States which, among other initiatives, may impose cost containment measures impacting our clients. These enacted laws, proposed laws and forthcoming regulations have significantly altered, or threaten to alter, overall government reimbursement funding rates and mechanisms. The overall effect of these laws and trends in the long-term care industry has affected and could adversely affect the liquidity of our clients, resulting in their inability to make payments to us on agreed upon payment terms. These factors, in addition to delays in payments from clients, have resulted in, and could continue to result in, significant additional bad debts in the near future. Additionally, our operating results would be adversely affected if unexpected increases in the costs of labor and labor-related costs, materials, supplies and equipment used in performing services could not be passed on to our clients.
In addition, we believe that to improve our financial performance we must continue to obtain service agreements with new clients, provide new services to existing clients, achieve modest price increases on current service agreements with existing clients and maintain internal cost reduction strategies at our various operational levels. Furthermore, we believe that our ability to sustain the internal development of managerial personnel is an important factor impacting future operating results and successfully executing projected growth strategies.
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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION.
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited).
Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets

| (Unaudited) |  |
| March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
ASSETS: |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 54,727,000 |  |  | $ | 68,949,000 |
Marketable securities, at fair value | 22,559,000 |  |  | 21,322,000 |
Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,464,000 in 2013 and $3,970,000 in 2012 | 149,146,000 |  |  | 140,218,000 |
Inventories and supplies | 28,596,000 |  |  | 28,675,000 |
Prepaid income taxes | 1,628,000 |  |  | — |
Prepaid expenses and other | 9,864,000 |  |  | 8,682,000 |
Total current assets | 266,520,000 |  |  | 267,846,000 |
Property and equipment: |  |  |
Laundry and linen equipment installations | 2,413,000 |  |  | 2,336,000 |
Housekeeping and office equipment and furniture | 26,448,000 |  |  | 26,098,000 |
Autos and trucks | 315,000 |  |  | 315,000 |
| 29,176,000 |  |  | 28,749,000 |
Less accumulated depreciation | 18,907,000 |  |  | 18,477,000 |
| 10,269,000 |  |  | 10,272,000 |
Goodwill | 16,955,000 |  |  | 16,955,000 |
Other intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $10,620,000 in 2013 and $10,078,000 in 2012 | 4,661,000 |  |  | 5,203,000 |
Notes receivable — long term portion, net of discount | 3,140,000 |  |  | 1,823,000 |
Deferred compensation funding, at fair value | 19,254,000 |  |  | 17,831,000 |
Deferred income taxes — long term portion | 11,539,000 |  |  | 11,215,000 |
Other noncurrent assets | 38,000 |  |  | 38,000 |
Total Assets | $ | 332,376,000 |  |  | $ | 331,183,000 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 30,641,000 |  |  | $ | 22,810,000 |
Accrued payroll, accrued and withheld payroll taxes | 15,529,000 |  |  | 31,997,000 |
Other accrued expenses | 2,804,000 |  |  | 3,526,000 |
Income taxes payable | — |  |  | 1,906,000 |
Deferred income taxes | 1,220,000 |  |  | 575,000 |
Accrued insurance claims | 6,774,000 |  |  | 6,850,000 |
Total current liabilities | 56,968,000 |  |  | 67,664,000 |
Accrued insurance claims — long term portion | 15,807,000 |  |  | 15,712,000 |
Deferred compensation liability | 19,393,000 |  |  | 18,237,000 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |
Common stock, $.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 70,309,000 shares issued and outstanding in 2013 and 70,036,000 shares in 2012 | 703,000 |  |  | 700,000 |
Additional paid-in capital | 120,104,000 |  |  | 113,495,000 |
Retained earnings | 130,581,000 |  |  | 127,042,000 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes | 150,000 |  |  | 127,000 |
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 1,898,000 shares in 2013 and 1,983,000 shares in 2012 | (11,330,000 | ) |  | (11,794,000 | )
Total stockholders’ equity | 240,208,000 |  |  | 229,570,000 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 332,376,000 |  |  | $ | 331,183,000 |

See accompanying notes.
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Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2013 |  | 2012
Revenues | $ | 273,904,000 |  |  | $ | 260,607,000 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |
Costs of services provided | 235,191,000 |  |  | 227,496,000 |
Selling, general and administrative | 20,790,000 |  |  | 20,982,000 |
Other income: |  |  |
Investment and interest | 1,034,000 |  |  | 1,653,000 |
Income before income taxes | 18,957,000 |  |  | 13,782,000 |
Income taxes | 4,003,000 |  |  | 5,204,000 |
Net income | $ | 14,954,000 |  |  | $ | 8,578,000 |
Per share data: |  |  |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.13 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.13 |
Cash dividends per common share | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: |  |  |
Basic | 68,463,000 |  |  | 67,084,000 |
Diluted | 69,361,000 |  |  | 68,085,000 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 14,954,000 |  |  | $ | 8,578,000 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |
Unrealized gain/(loss) on available for sale marketable securities, net of taxes | 23,000 |  |  | (173,000 | )
Total comprehensive income | $ | 14,977,000 |  |  | $ | 8,405,000 |

See accompanying notes.
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Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2013 |  | 2012
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 14,954,000 |  |  | $ | 8,578,000 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,352,000 |  |  | 1,248,000 |
Bad debt provision | 450,000 |  |  | 750,000 |
Deferred income tax (benefits) | 305,000 |  |  | (1,001,000 | )
Stock-based compensation expense | 583,000 |  |  | 560,000 |
Amortization of premium on marketable securities | 154,000 |  |  | 198,000 |
Unrealized loss on marketable securities | — |  |  | 56,000 |
Unrealized gain on deferred compensation fund investments | (789,000 | ) |  | (1,297,000 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts and notes receivable | (10,695,000 | ) |  | (831,000 | )
Prepaid income taxes | (1,628,000 | ) |  | 405,000 |
Inventories and supplies | 79,000 |  |  | (822,000 | )
Deferred compensation funding | (1,423,000 | ) |  | (464,000 | )
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses | 7,670,000 |  |  | 11,338,000 |
Accrued payroll, accrued and withheld payroll taxes | (15,282,000 | ) |  | (12,516,000 | )
Accrued insurance claims | 19,000 |  |  | 1,601,000 |
Deferred compensation liability | 2,312,000 |  |  | 1,952,000 |
Income taxes payable | (1,906,000 | ) |  | 2,655,000 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (1,182,000 | ) |  | (2,969,000 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (5,027,000 | ) |  | 9,441,000 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Disposals of fixed assets | 164,000 |  |  | — |
Additions to property and equipment | (968,000 | ) |  | (813,000 | )
Purchases of marketable securities | (1,537,000 | ) |  | (1,223,000 | )
Sales of marketable securities | 185,000 |  |  | 10,895,000 |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (2,156,000 | ) |  | 8,859,000 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Dividends paid | (11,415,000 | ) |  | (10,847,000 | )
Reissuance of treasury stock pursuant to Dividend Reinvestment Plan | 27,000 |  |  | 30,000 |
Tax benefit from equity compensation plans | 709,000 |  |  | 294,000 |
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options | 3,640,000 |  |  | 1,840,000 |
Net cash used in financing activities | (7,039,000 | ) |  | (8,683,000 | )
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (14,222,000 | ) |  | 9,617,000 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period | 68,949,000 |  |  | 38,639,000 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period | $ | 54,727,000 |  |  | $ | 48,256,000 |
Supplementary Cash Flow Information: |  |  |
Income taxes cash payments, net of refunds | $ | 6,523,000 |  |  | $ | 2,852,000 |
Issuance of Common Stock in 2013 and 2012, respectively, pursuant to Employee Stock Plans | $ | 1,842,000 |  |  | $ | 1,250,000 |

See accompanying notes.
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Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, net of taxes |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | Stockholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |
Balance — December 31, 2012 | 70,036,000 |  |  | $ | 700,000 |  |  | $ | 113,495,000 |  |  | $ | 127,000 |  |  | $ | 127,042,000 |  |  | $ | (11,794,000 | ) |  | $ | 229,570,000 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income for the period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,954,000 |  |  |  |  | 14,954,000 |
Unrealized gain on available for sale marketable securities, net of taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23,000 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,977,000 |
Exercise of stock options and other stock-based compensation, net of shares tendered for payment | 273,000 |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | 3,596,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41,000 |  |  | 3,640,000 |
Tax benefit from equity compensation plans |  |  |  |  | 709,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 709,000 |
Share-based compensation expense — stock options and restricted stock |  |  |  |  | 494,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 494,000 |
Treasury shares issued for Deferred Compensation Plan funding and redemptions |  |  |  |  | 358,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,000 |  |  | 364,000 |
Shares issued pursuant to Employee Stock Plans |  |  |  |  | 1,371,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 471,000 |  |  | 1,842,000 |
Cash dividends |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11,415,000 | ) |  |  |  | (11,415,000 | )
Shares issued pursuant to Dividend Reinvestment Plan |  |  |  |  | 81,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (54,000 | ) |  | 27,000 |
Balance — March 31, 2013 | 70,309,000 |  |  | $ | 703,000 |  |  | $ | 120,104,000 |  |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  | $ | 130,581,000 |  |  | $ | (11,330,000 | ) |  | $ | 240,208,000 |

See accompanying notes.
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Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1— Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Unaudited Interim Financial Data
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and the requirements of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows. However, in our opinion, all adjustments which are of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected in these consolidated financial statements. The balance sheet shown in this report as of December 31, 2012 has been derived from, and does not include, all the disclosures contained in the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2012. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
Nature of Operations
We provide management, administrative and operating expertise and services to the housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and dietary service departments of the health care industry, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. Although we do not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, our clients’ reimbursements are subject to government regulation. Therefore, they are directly affected by any legislation relating to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs.
We provide our services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with our clients. In such agreements, we are responsible for the day to day management of the managers and hourly employees located at our clients’ facilities. We also provide services on the basis of a management-only agreement for a very limited number of clients. Our agreements with clients typically provide for a one year service term, cancelable by either party upon 30 to 90 days’ notice after the initial 90-day period.
We are organized into two reportable segments; housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services (“Housekeeping”), and dietary department services (“Dietary”).
Housekeeping consists of the managing of the client’s housekeeping department which is principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of patient rooms and common areas of a client’s facility, as well as the laundering and processing of the personal clothing belonging to the facility’s patients. Also within the scope of this segment’s service is the responsibility for laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms and other assorted linen items utilized by a client facility.
Dietary consists of managing the client’s dietary department which is principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and providing dietitian consulting professional services, which includes the development of a menu that meets the patient’s dietary needs. We began Dietary operations in 1997.
As of March 31, 2013, we operate two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Huntingdon Holdings, Inc. (“Huntingdon”) and Healthcare Staff Leasing Solutions, LLC (“Staff Leasing”). Huntingdon invests our cash and cash equivalents as well as manages our portfolio of marketable securities. Staff Leasing is an entity formed in 2011 to offer professional employer organization (“PEO”) services to potential clients in the health care industry. As of March 31, 2013, we have PEO service contracts in two states. During the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, operating results from our PEO service contracts were not material.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
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Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are held in U.S. financial institutions or in custodial accounts with U.S. financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at time of purchase that are readily convertible into cash and have insignificant interest rate risk.
Inventories and Supplies
Inventories and supplies include housekeeping, linen and laundry supplies, as well as food provisions and supplies. Inventories and supplies are stated at cost to approximate a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Linen supplies are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life of 24 months.
Revenue Recognition
Revenues from our service agreements with clients are recognized as services are performed.
As a distributor of laundry equipment, we occasionally sell laundry installations to certain clients. The sales in most cases represent the construction and installation of a turn-key operation and are for payment terms ranging from 24 to 60 months. Our accounting policy for these sales is to recognize the gross profit over the life of the payments associated with our financing of the transactions. During the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, laundry installation sales were not material.
Income Taxes
We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current period. We accrue for probable tax obligations as required by facts and circumstances in the various regulatory environments. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. If appropriate, we would record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount for which realization is more likely than not.
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we account for uncertain income tax positions reflected within our financial statements based on a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.
Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflect the weighted-average common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares, such as those issuable upon exercise of stock options.
Share-Based Compensation
U.S. GAAP addresses the accounting for share-based compensation, specifically, the measurement and recognition of compensation expense, based on estimated fair values, for all share-based awards made to employees and directors, including stock options and participation in the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. We estimate the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income over the requisite service periods. We use the straight-line single option method of expensing share-based awards in our consolidated financial statements of income. Because share-based compensation expense is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest, share-based compensation expense will be reduced to account for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
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Use of Estimates in Financial Statements
In preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates are used for, but not limited to, our allowance for doubtful accounts, accrued insurance claims, asset valuations and review for potential impairment, and deferred taxes. The estimates are based upon various factors including current and historical trends, as well as other pertinent industry and regulatory authority information. We regularly evaluate this information to determine if it is necessary to update the basis for our estimates and to compensate for known changes.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This ASU requires an entity to include additional disclosures about significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. An entity has the option to present this information, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the accompanying notes. This ASU does not change current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income under current accounting guidance. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The adoption of this standard in 2013 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position.
Note 2—Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by Component
U.S. GAAP establishes standards for presenting information about significant items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. As of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, we generated other comprehensive income from one component. This component relates to the unrealized gains and losses from our available for sale marketable securities during a given reporting period. Effective January 1, 2013, we elected to present this information in a separate disclosure.
The following table provides a summary of changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2013:

| Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities (1)
Accumulated other comprehensive income — December 31, 2012 | $ | 127,000 |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 23,000 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (2)(3) | — |
Net current period change in other comprehensive income | 23,000 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income — March 31, 2013 | $ | 150,000 |

(1) | All amounts are net of tax.

(2) | Realized gains and losses are recorded pre-tax in the other income - investment and interest caption on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

(3) | For the three months ended March 31, 2013, there were no realized gains or losses from the sale of available for sale securities. Refer to Note 4 herein for further information.

Note 3—Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired of businesses and is not amortized. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise, using a fair-value-based test that compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value.
Goodwill by reportable operating segment, as described in Note 9 herein, was approximately $14,894,000 and $2,061,000 for Housekeeping and Dietary as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
The cost of intangible assets is based on fair values at the date of acquisition. Intangible assets with determinable lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life (between 7 and 8 years).
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The following table sets forth the amounts of our identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization, which were acquired in acquisitions.

| March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Customer relationships | $ | 14,481,000 |  |  | $ | 14,481,000 |
Non-compete agreements | 800,000 |  |  | 800,000 |
Total other intangibles, gross | 15,281,000 |  |  | 15,281,000 |
Less accumulated amortization | 10,620,000 |  |  | 10,078,000 |
Other intangibles, net | $ | 4,661,000 |  |  | $ | 5,203,000 |

The customer relationships have a weighted-average amortization period of seven years and the non-compete agreements have a weighted-average amortization period of eight years. The following table sets forth the estimated amortization expense for intangibles subject to amortization for the following five fiscal years:

Period/Year | Customer Relationships |  | Non-Compete Agreements |  | Total
April 1 to December 31, 2013 | $ | 1,233,000 |  |  | $ | 75,000 |  |  | $ | 1,308,000 |
2014 | 1,112,000 |  |  | 67,000 |  |  | 1,179,000 |
2015 | 1,112,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,112,000 |
2016 | 569,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 569,000 |
2017 | 297,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 297,000 |
2018 | 196,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 196,000 |
Thereafter | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 was $542,000,and $542,000, respectively.
Note 4—Fair Value Measurements
We, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). Effective January 1, 2008, we elected the fair value option for certain of our marketable securities purchased since such adoption. Management initially elected the fair value option for certain of our marketable securities because it views such investment securities as highly liquid and available to be drawn upon for working capital purposes making them similar to cash and cash equivalents. Accordingly, we recorded the net unrealized gain or loss in the other income, investment and interest caption in our consolidated income statements. We have not elected for such investments the fair value option for marketable securities acquired after December 31, 2009. Although these assets continue to be highly liquid and available, we believe these assets are more representative of our investing activities, and they will be available for future needs of the Company to support its projected growth.
The carrying value of certain assets and liabilities is considered to be representative of their fair value, due to the short term nature of these instruments. Such assets and liabilities include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts and notes receivable, prepaid expenses and other, and accounts payable (including income taxes payable and accrued expenses).
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The following tables provide fair value measurement information for our marketable securities and deferred compensation fund investment assets as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

| As of March 31, 2013
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Using:
| Carrying Amount |  | Total Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds | $ | 22,559,000 |  |  | $ | 22,559,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,559,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Equity securities — Deferred comp fund |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money Market | $ | 3,749,000 |  |  | $ | 3,749,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,749,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Balanced and Lifestyle | 6,971,000 |  |  | 6,971,000 |  |  | 6,971,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Large Cap Growth | 3,263,000 |  |  | 3,263,000 |  |  | 3,263,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Small Cap Value | 1,973,000 |  |  | 1,973,000 |  |  | 1,973,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fixed Income | 1,777,000 |  |  | 1,777,000 |  |  | 1,777,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
International | 857,000 |  |  | 857,000 |  |  | 857,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mid Cap Growth | 664,000 |  |  | 664,000 |  |  | 664,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity securities — Deferred comp fund | $ | 19,254,000 |  |  | $ | 19,254,000 |  |  | $ | 15,505,000 |  |  | $ | 3,749,000 |  |  | $ | — |

| As of December 31, 2012
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Using:
| Carrying Amount |  | Total Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds | $ | 21,322,000 |  |  | $ | 21,322,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,322,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Equity securities — Deferred comp fund |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money Market | $ | 4,114,000 |  |  | $ | 4,114,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,114,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Balanced and Lifestyle | 6,311,000 |  |  | 6,311,000 |  |  | 6,311,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Large Cap Growth | 2,724,000 |  |  | 2,724,000 |  |  | 2,724,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Small Cap Value | 1,936,000 |  |  | 1,936,000 |  |  | 1,936,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fixed Income | 1,461,000 |  |  | 1,461,000 |  |  | 1,461,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
International | 785,000 |  |  | 785,000 |  |  | 785,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mid Cap Growth | 500,000 |  |  | 500,000 |  |  | 500,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity securities — Deferred comp fund | $ | 17,831,000 |  |  | $ | 17,831,000 |  |  | $ | 13,717,000 |  |  | $ | 4,114,000 |  |  | $ | — |

The fair value of the municipal bonds is measured using pricing service data using third party pricing data. The fair value of equity investments in the funded deferred compensation plan are valued (Level 1) based on quoted market prices. The money market fund in the funded deferred compensation plan is valued (Level 2) at the net asset value (“NAV”) of the shares held by the plan at the end of the period. As a practical expedient, fair value of our money market fund is valued at the NAV as determined by the custodian of the fund. The money market fund includes short-term United States dollar denominated money-market instruments. The money market fund can be redeemed at its NAV at its measurement date as there are no significant restrictions on the ability of participants to sell this investment. These assets will be redeemed by the plan participants on an as needed basis.
Unrealized gains and losses from marketable securities for investments recorded under the fair value option are recorded in the other income – investment and interest caption on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the three months ended March 31, 2013, there were no unrealized gains or losses recorded. For the three months ended March 31, 2012, we recorded unrealized losses from marketable securities of $56,000.
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| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Other-than-temporary Impairments
March 31, 2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Type of security: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds — available for sale | 22,311,000 |  |  | 249,000 |  |  | (1,000 | ) |  | 22,559,000 |  |  | — |
Total debt securities | $ | 22,311,000 |  |  | $ | 249,000 |  |  | $ | (1,000 | ) |  | $ | 22,559,000 |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Type of security: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds — available for sale | 21,111,000 |  |  | 220,000 |  |  | (9,000 | ) |  | 21,322,000 |  |  | — |
Total debt securities | $ | 21,111,000 |  |  | $ | 220,000 |  |  | $ | (9,000 | ) |  | $ | 21,322,000 |  |  | $ | — |

For the three months ended March 31, 2013, there were no proceeds or realized gains related to our available for sale municipal bonds. For the three months ended March 31, 2012, we received total proceeds of $10,597,000 from sales of available for sale municipal bonds. These sales resulted in realized gains of $183,000 recorded in other income – investment and interest caption on our statement of comprehensive income. The basis for the sale of these securities was a specific identification of each bond sold during this period.
The following tables include contractual maturities of debt securities held at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, which are classified as marketable securities in the consolidated Balance Sheet.

| Municipal Bonds — Available for Sale
Contractual maturity: | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Maturing in one year or less | $ | 6,210,000 |  |  | $ | 5,164,000 |
Maturing after one year through three years | 12,331,000 |  |  | 12,134,000 |
Maturing after three years | 4,018,000 |  |  | 4,024,000 |
Total debt securities | $ | 22,559,000 |  |  | $ | 21,322,000 |

Note 5— Share-Based Compensation
2012 Equity Incentive Plan
On May 29, 2012, the Company's shareholders adopted and approved the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2012 Plan"), under which current or prospective officers, employees, non-employee directors and advisors can receive share-based awards such as stock options, restricted stock and other stock awards. The 2012 Plan seeks to promote the highest level of performance by providing an economic interest in the long-term success of the Company. As of this date, no further grants were permitted under any previously existing stock plans (the "Pre-existing Plans"). Additionally, all remaining shares available for future grants under the Pre-existing Plans became available for issuance under the 2012 Plan.
The Nominating, Compensation and Stock Option Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for determining the individuals who will be granted stock awards, the number of stock awards each individual will receive, the price per share (in accordance with the terms of our 2012 Plan), and the exercise period of each stock award.
A summary of stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 is as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2013 |  | 2012
Stock Options | $ | 487,000 |  |  | $ | 475,000 |
Restricted Stock | 7,000 |  |  | — |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) | 89,000 |  |  | 85,000 |
Total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense charged against income (1) | $ | 583,000 |  |  | $ | 560,000 |

(1) | Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in the selling, general and administrative caption in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

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We have outstanding stock awards that were granted under the Pre-existing Plans to non-employee directors, officers and employees of the Company and other specified groups, depending on the plan. No further grants are allowed under the Pre-existing Plans. As of March 31, 2013, 5,674,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under our 2012 Plan, including 2,774,000 shares which are available for future grant. The stock price will not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date the award is granted. No stock grant will have a term in excess of ten years. Since 2008, all awards granted become vested and exercisable ratably over a five year period on each yearly anniversary date of the option grant.
A summary of our stock option activity is as follows:

| Stock Options Outstanding
| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
December 31, 2012 | 2,632,000 |  |  | $ | 13.18 |
Granted | 564,000 |  |  | 23.50 |
Cancelled | (16,000 | ) |  | 19.14 |
Exercised | (280,000 | ) |  | 13.15 |
March 31, 2013 | 2,900,000 |  |  | $ | 15.15 |

The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 was $6.81 and $4.74 per common share, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company granted 6,000 shares of restricted stock with a weighted average grant date fair value of $23.50.
The following table summarizes other information about stock options at March 31, 2013.

|  | Stock Options
Range of exercise prices |  | $3.68 - 23.50 |
Outstanding: |  |
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years) |  | 6.80 |
Aggregate intrinsic value |  | $ | 30,385,000 |
Exercisable: |  |
Number of shares |  | 1,275,000 |
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years) |  | 4.70 |
Aggregate intrinsic value |  | $ | 18,663,000 |

Fair Value Estimates
The fair value of stock awards granted in 2013 and 2012 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model based on the following assumptions:

| March 31, 2013 |  | March 31, 2012
Risk-free interest rate | 1.5% |  | 1.3%
Weighted average expected life in years | 6.0 years |  | 6.8 years
Expected volatility | 38.9% |  | 39.2%
Dividend yield | 2.8% |  | 3.6%

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Other Information
Other information pertaining to activity of our stock awards during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 was as follows:

| March 31, 2013 |  | March 31, 2012
Total grant-date fair value of stock awards granted | $ | 3,269,000 |  |  | $ | 2,438,000 |
Total fair value of stock awards vested during period | $ | 1,897,000 |  |  | $ | 1,870,000 |
Total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock awards | $ | 6,349,000 |  |  | $ | 5,422,000 |

At March 31, 2013, the unrecognized compensation cost related to stock awards granted but not yet vested, as reported above, was expected to be recognized through the fourth quarter of 2017 for the 2013 grants and the fourth quarter of 2016 for the 2012 grants.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Since January 1, 2000, we have had a non-compensatory ESPP for all eligible employees. All full-time and certain part-time employees who have completed two years of continuous service with us are eligible to participate. The ESPP was implemented through five annual offerings. On January 1, 2000, the first annual offering commenced. On February 12, 2004 (effective January 1, 2004), our Board of Directors extended the ESPP for an additional eight annual offerings. On April 12, 2011, the Board of Directors extended the ESPP for an additional five offerings through 2016. Annual offerings commence and terminate on the respective year’s first and last calendar day.
Under the ESPP, we are authorized to issue up to 4,050,000 shares of our common stock to our employees. Pursuant to such authorization, we have 2,541,000 shares available for future grant at March 31, 2013.
The stock-based compensation expense associated with our ESPP was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model based on the following assumptions:

| March 31, 2013 |  | March 31, 2012
Risk-free interest rate | 0.24% |  | 0.19%
Weighted average expected life in years | 1.0 year |  | 1.0 year
Expected volatility | 27.6% |  | 36.5%
Dividend yield | 2.8% |  | 3.6%

Note 6— Dividends
On March 15, 2013, we paid to shareholders of record on February 22, 2013, a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.16625 per common share. Such regular quarterly cash dividend payment in the aggregate was $11,415,000.
Additionally, on April 9, 2013, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.16750 per common share, which will be paid on June 14, 2013, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on May 10, 2013.
Our Board of Directors reviews our dividend policy on a quarterly basis. Although there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends or the amount of the dividend, we expect to continue to pay a regular quarterly cash dividend. In connection with the establishment of our dividend policy, we adopted a Dividend Reinvestment Plan in 2003.
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Note 7— Income Taxes
For the three months ended March 31, 2013, our effective tax rate was approximately 21%, a decrease from the 38% effective tax rate for the comparable 2012 period. Such differences between the effective tax rates and the applicable U.S. federal statutory rate arise primarily from the effect of state and local income taxes and tax credits available to the Company. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to an increase in expected tax credits realized in 2013 for 2012 and 2013 as compared to previous fiscal periods. The Company receives credits related to the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (“WOTC”) program but this program expired at December 31, 2011. The WOTC was subsequently renewed, but not until January 2, 2013, as part of The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012. Since the WOTC was renewed during the three month period ended March 31, 2013, the total tax effect of additional expected credits for 2012 is included in this period. As such, the effective tax rate is expected to increase in subsequent periods during 2013 and currently is expected to be approximately 32% for the entire year if there are no significant changes.
We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which results in recognizing income tax expense based on the amount of income taxes payable or refundable for the current year. Additionally, we evaluate regularly the tax positions taken or expected to be taken resulting from financial statement recognition of certain items. Based on our evaluation, we have concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in our financial statements. Our evaluation was performed for the tax years ended December 31, 2009 through 2012 (with regard to U.S. federal income tax returns) and December 31, 2008 through 2012 (with regard to various state and local income tax returns), the tax years which remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions as of March 31, 2013.
We may from time to time be assessed interest or penalties by taxing jurisdictions, although any such assessments historically have been minimal and immaterial to our financial results. When we have received an assessment for interest and/or penalties, it has been classified in the financial statements as selling, general and administrative expense.
Note 8—Related Party Transactions
A director is a member of a law firm which was retained by us. In each of the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, fees received from us by such firm did not exceed $120,000 in any period. Additionally, such fees did not exceed, in either period, 5% of such firm’s revenues.
Note 9—Segment Information
Reportable Operating Segments
U.S. GAAP establishes standards for reporting information regarding operating segments in annual financial statements. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker, or decision-making group in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance.
We manage and evaluate our operations in two reportable segments: Housekeeping (housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services), and Dietary (dietary department services). Although both segments serve the same client base and share many operational similarities, they are managed separately due to distinct differences in the type of service provided, as well as the specialized expertise required of the professional management personnel responsible for delivering the respective segment’s services. We consider the various services provided within each reportable segment to comprise an identifiable reportable operating segment since such services are rendered pursuant to a single service agreement, specific to that reportable segment, as well as the fact that the delivery of the respective reportable segment’s services are managed by the same management personnel of the particular reportable segment.
The Company’s accounting policies for the segments are generally the same as the Company’s significant accounting policies. Differences between the reportable segments’ operating results and other disclosed data and our consolidated financial statements relate primarily to corporate level transactions and recording of transactions at the reportable segment level which use methods other than generally accepted accounting principles. There are certain inventories and supplies that are primarily expensed when incurred within the operating segments, while they are capitalized for the consolidated financial statements. As discussed, most corporate expense is not allocated to the operating segments, and such expenses include corporate salary and benefit costs, bad debt expense, certain legal costs, information technology costs, depreciation, amortization of finite lived intangibles, share based compensation costs and other corporate specific costs. Additionally, there are allocations for workers' compensation and general liability expense within the operating segments that differ from our actual expense recorded for U.S. GAAP. Additionally, included in the differences between the reportable segments’ operating results and other disclosed data are amounts attributable to
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Huntingdon, our investment holding company subsidiary. Huntingdon does not transact any business with the reportable segments. Segment amounts disclosed are prior to any elimination entries made in consolidation.
Housekeeping provides services in Canada, although essentially all of its revenues and net income, 99% in both categories, are earned in one geographic area, the United States. Dietary provides services solely in the United States.

| Housekeeping Services |  | Dietary Services |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  |  |  | Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 187,630,000 |  |  | $ | 86,274,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 273,904,000 |
Income before income taxes | 18,806,000 |  |  | 5,124,000 |  |  | (4,973,000 | ) |  | (1) |  | 18,957,000 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 181,182,000 |  |  | $ | 79,390,000 |  |  | $ | 35,000 |  |  | (1) |  | $ | 260,607,000 |
Income before income taxes | 17,456,000 |  |  | 4,054,000 |  |  | (7,728,000 | ) |  | (1) |  | 13,782,000 |

(1) | Represents primarily corporate office cost and related overhead, recording of transactions at the reportable segment level which use methods other than U.S. GAAP, as well as consolidated subsidiaries’ operating expenses that are not allocated to the reportable segments, net of investment and interest income.

Total Revenues from Clients
The following revenues earned from clients differ from segment revenues reported above due to the inclusion of adjustments used for segment reporting purposes by management. We earned total revenues from clients in the following service categories:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2013 |  | 2012
Housekeeping services | $ | 125,593,000 |  |  | $ | 121,653,000 |
Laundry and linen services | 60,898,000 |  |  | 58,530,000 |
Dietary services | 86,274,000 |  |  | 79,390,000 |
Maintenance services and other | 1,139,000 |  |  | 1,034,000 |
| $ | 273,904,000 |  |  | $ | 260,607,000 |

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Note 10— Earnings Per Common Share
Basic net earnings per share are computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. The dilutive effect of potential common shares outstanding is included in diluted net earnings per share. The computations of basic net earnings per share and diluted net earnings per share are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
| Income (Numerator) |  | Shares (Denominator) |  | Per-share Amount
| Net income | $ | 14,954,000 |  |  |  |  |
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | 14,954,000 |  |  | 68,463,000 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
| Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |
| Stock options and restricted stock |  |  | 898,000 |  |  | — |
| Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 14,954,000 |  |  | 69,361,000 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
| Income (Numerator) |  | Shares (Denominator) |  | Per-share Amount
| Net income | $ | 8,578,000 |  |  |  |  |
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | 8,578,000 |  |  | 67,084,000 |  |  | $ | 0.13 |
| Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |
| Stock options and restricted stock |  |  | 1,001,000 |  |  | — |
| Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 8,578,000 |  |  | 68,085,000 |  |  | $ | 0.13 |

Stock awards to purchase 544,000 shares of common stock having an average exercise price of $23.50 per common share were outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2013 but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the exercise prices of the options were greater than the average market price of the common shares, and therefore, would be antidilutive.
Stock awards to purchase 574,000 shares of common stock having an average exercise price of $17.50 per common share were outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2012 but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the exercise prices of the options were greater than the average market price of the common shares, and therefore, would be antidilutive.
Note 11—Other Contingencies
We have a $57,000,000 bank line of credit on which we may draw to meet short-term liquidity requirements in excess of internally generated cash flow. Amounts drawn under the line of credit are payable upon demand. At March 31, 2013, there were no borrowings under the line of credit. However, at such date, we had outstanding a $43,520,000 irrevocable standby letter of credit which relates to payment obligations under our insurance programs. As a result of the letter of credit issued, the amount available under the line of credit was reduced by $43,520,000 at March 31, 2013. The line of credit requires us to satisfy two financial covenants. We are in compliance with the financial covenants at March 31, 2013 and expect to continue to remain in compliance with such financial covenants. This line of credit expires on June 30, 2013. We believe the line of credit will be renewed at that time.
We provide our services in 48 states and are subject to numerous local taxing jurisdictions within those states. Consequently, in the ordinary course of business, a jurisdiction may contest our reporting positions with respect to the application of its tax code to our services. A jurisdiction’s conflicting position on the taxability of our services could result in additional tax liabilities.
We have tax matters with various taxing authorities. Because of the uncertainties related to both the probable outcome and amount of probable assessment due, we are unable to make a reasonable estimate of a liability. We do not expect the resolution of any of these matters, taken individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations based on our best estimate of the outcomes of such matters.
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We are also subject to various claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of business. Some of these matters include payroll and employee-related matters and examinations by governmental agencies. As we become aware of such claims and legal actions, we provide accruals if the exposures are probable and estimable. If an adverse outcome of such claims and legal actions is reasonably possible, we assess materiality and provide such financial disclosure, as appropriate.
Many states have significant budget deficits. State Medicaid programs are experiencing increased demand, and with lower revenues than projected, they have fewer resources to support their Medicaid programs. In addition, comprehensive health care legislation under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (together, the “Act”) was signed into law in March 2010. The Act will significantly impact the governmental healthcare programs in which our clients participate, and reimbursements received thereunder from governmental or third-party payors. In July 2011, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) issued a final rule that reduced Medicare payments to nursing centers by 11.1% and changed the reimbursement for the provision of group rehabilitation therapy services to Medicare beneficiaries. This rule was effective as of October 1, 2011. Furthermore, in the coming year, new proposals or additional changes in existing regulations could be made to the Act and/or CMS could propose additional reimbursement reductions which could directly impact the governmental reimbursement programs in which our clients participate. As a result, some state Medicaid programs are reconsidering previously approved increases in nursing home reimbursement or are considering delaying or foregoing those increases. A few states have indicated it is possible they will run out of cash to pay Medicaid providers, including nursing homes. In addition, certain state governors have recently stated that they will reject Federal Medicaid assistance under the Act. Any negative changes in our clients’ reimbursements may negatively impact our results of operations. Although we are currently evaluating the Act’s effect on our client base, we may not know the full effect until such time as these laws are fully implemented and CMS and other agencies issue applicable regulations or guidance.
In January 2013, the U.S. Congress enacted the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which delayed automatic spending cuts, including reduced Medicare payments to plans and providers up to 2%. These discretionary spending caps were originally enacted under provisions in the Budget Control Act of 2011, an initiative to reduce the federal deficit through the year 2021, also known as “sequestration.” The sequestration went into effect March 2013.
Note 12—Subsequent Events
We evaluated all subsequent events through the date this Form 10-Q is being filed with the SEC. We believe there were no events or transactions occurring during this subsequent reporting period which require recognition or additional disclosure in these financial statements.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Results of Operations
The following discussion is intended to provide the reader with information that will be helpful in understanding our financial statements including the changes in certain key items in comparing financial statements period to period. We also intend to provide the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as a summary of how certain accounting principles affect our financial statements. In addition, we are providing information about the financial results of our two operating segments to further assist in understanding how these segments and their results affect our consolidated results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 and the periods then ended and the notes accompanying those financial statements.
Overview
We provide management, administrative and operating expertise and services to the housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and dietary service departments of the health care industry, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. We believe that we are the largest provider of housekeeping and laundry management services to the long-term care industry in the United States, rendering such services to over 3,000 facilities in 48 states as of March 31, 2013. Although we do not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, our clients’ reimbursements are subject to government regulation. Therefore, our clients are directly affected by any legislation relating to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs.
We provide our services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with our clients. In such agreements, we are responsible for the day to day management of the department managers and hourly employees located at our clients’ facilities. We also provide services on the basis of a management-only agreement for a very limited number of clients. Our agreements with clients typically provide for renewable one year service terms, cancelable by either party upon 30 to 90 days’ notice after the initial 90-day period.
We are organized into two reportable segments; housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services (“Housekeeping”), and dietary department services (“Dietary”). At March 31, 2013, Housekeeping is provided at essentially all of our 3,000 client facilities, generating approximating 69% or $187,630,000 of the total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2013. Dietary is provided to approximately 600 client facilities at March 31, 2013 and contributed approximately 31% or $86,274,000 of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2013.
Housekeeping consists of managing the client’s housekeeping department which is principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of patient rooms and common areas of a client’s facility, as well as laundering and processing of the personal clothing belonging to the facility’s patients. Also within the scope of this segment’s service is the responsibility for laundering and processing the bed linens, uniforms and other assorted linen items utilized by a client facility.
Dietary consists of managing the client’s dietary department which is principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and providing dietitian consulting professional services, which includes the development of a menu that meets the patient’s dietary needs.
We currently operate two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Huntingdon Holdings, Inc. (“Huntingdon”) and Healthcare Staff Leasing Solutions, LLC (“Staff Leasing”). Huntingdon invests our cash and cash equivalents, and manages our portfolio of available-for-sale marketable securities. Staff Leasing is an entity formed in 2011 to offer professional employer organization (“PEO”) services to potential clients in the health care industry. As of March 31, 2013, we have PEO service contracts in two states. During the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, operating results from our PEO service contracts were not material.
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Consolidated Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage which certain items bear to consolidated revenues:

| Relation to Consolidated Revenues
| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2013 |  | 2012
Revenues | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |
Costs of services provided | 85.9 | % |  | 87.3 | %
Selling, general and administrative | 7.6 | % |  | 8.1 | %
Investment and interest income | 0.4 | % |  | 0.6 | %
Income before income taxes | 6.9 | % |  | 5.2 | %
Income taxes | 1.5 | % |  | 2.0 | %
Net income | 5.4 | % |  | 3.2 | %

Housekeeping is our largest and core reportable segment, representing approximately 69% of consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2013. Dietary revenues represented approximately 31% of consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2013.
Although there can be no assurance thereof, we believe that for the remainder of 2013, Dietary’s revenues, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, may increase from its respective percentages previously noted. Furthermore, we expect the sources of organic growth for the remainder of 2013 for the respective operating segments will be primarily the same as historically experienced. Accordingly, although there can be no assurance thereof, the growth in Dietary is expected to come from our current Housekeeping client base, while growth in Housekeeping will primarily come from obtaining new clients.
First Quarter 2013 Compared to First Quarter 2012
The following table sets forth the first quarter 2013 income statement key components that we use to evaluate our financial performance on a consolidated and reportable segment basis compared to first quarter 2012 amounts. The differences between the reportable segments’ operating results and other disclosed data and our consolidated financial statements relate primarily to corporate level transactions and recording of transactions at the reportable segment level which use methods other than generally accepted accounting principles.

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Reportable Segments — For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Housekeeping |  | Dietary
| Consolidated |  | % Change |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  | Amount |  | % Change |  | Amount |  | % Change
Revenues | $ | 273,904,000 |  |  | 5.1 | % |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 187,630,000 |  |  | 3.6 | % |  | $ | 86,274,000 |  |  | 8.7 | %
Cost of services provided | 235,191,000 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | (14,783,000 | ) |  | 168,824,000 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 81,150,000 |  |  | 7.7 |
Selling, general and administrative | 20,790,000 |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  | 20,790,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investment and interest income | 1,034,000 |  |  | (37.4 | ) |  | 1,034,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Income before income taxes | $ | 18,957,000 |  |  | 37.5 | % |  | $ | (4,973,000 | ) |  | $ | 18,806,000 |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | $ | 5,124,000 |  |  | 26.4 | %

Revenues
Consolidated
Consolidated revenues increased 5.1% to $273,904,000 in the first quarter 2013 compared to $260,607,000 in the first quarter 2012 as a result of the factors discussed below under Reportable Segments.
Reportable Segments
Housekeeping’s 3.6% net growth in reportable segment revenues resulted primarily from an increase in revenues attributable to service agreements entered into with new clients.
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Dietary’s 8.7% net growth in reportable segment revenues is primarily a result of providing this service to a greater number of existing Housekeeping clients.
Costs of services provided
Consolidated
As a percentage of consolidated revenues, cost of services decreased to 85.9% in the first quarter 2013 from 87.3% in the first quarter 2012. The following table provides a comparison of the primary cost of services provided-key indicators that we manage on a consolidated basis in evaluating our financial performance.

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Cost of Services Provided-Key Indicators as % of Revenue | 2013 % |  | 2012 % |  | % Change
Bad debt provision | 0.2 |  | 0.3 |  | (0.1)
Workers’ compensation and general liability insurance | 3.1 |  | 3.4 |  | (0.3)

The bad debt provision decreased primarily due to our assessment of the collectability of our receivables.
The workers’ compensation and general liability insurance expense decreased primarily due to more favorable claims' experience during the three months ended March 31, 2013 compared to 2012.
Reportable Segments
Cost of services provided for Housekeeping, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues for the first quarter 2013, decreased slightly to 90.0% compared to 90.4% in the first quarter 2012. Cost of services provided for Dietary, as a percentage of Dietary revenues for the first quarter 2013, decreased to 94.1% from 94.9% in the first quarter 2012.
The following table provides a comparison of the primary cost of services provided-key indicators, as a percentage of the respective segment’s revenues that we manage on a reportable segment basis in evaluating our financial performance:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Cost of Services Provided-Key Indicators as % of Revenue | 2013 % |  | 2012 % |  | % Change
Housekeeping labor and other labor costs | 80.0 |  | 80.4 |  | (0.4)
Housekeeping supplies | 8.1 |  | 7.6 |  | 0.5
Dietary labor and other labor costs | 52.4 |  | 52.6 |  | (0.2)
Dietary supplies | 39.5 |  | 39.4 |  | 0.1

Housekeeping labor and other labor costs, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues, decreased due to increased efficiencies in managing these costs at the facility level. The increase in Housekeeping supplies, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues, resulted primarily from an increase in linen supplies due to the growth in laundry and linen revenue compared to overall Housekeeping revenues. Additionally, we have added more clients where we provide a greater amount of supplies under the terms of our service agreements compared to what we have historically provided to our client base.
Dietary labor and other labor costs, as a percentage of Dietary revenues, decreased due to increased efficiencies in managing these costs at the facility level. The slight increase in Dietary supplies, as a percentage of Dietary revenues, is a result of the inefficient management of these costs, which were partially offset by more favorable vendor pricing programs obtained through further consolidation of dietary supply vendors.
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Consolidated Selling, General and Administrative Expense

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Selling, general and administrative expense w/o deferred compensation change (a) | $ | 19,892,000 |  |  | $ | 19,685,000 |  |  | 207,000 |  |  | 1.1 | %
Deferred compensation fund gain | 898,000 |  |  | 1,297,000 |  |  | (399,000 | ) |  | (30.8 | )%
Consolidated selling, general and administrative expense (b) | $ | 20,790,000 |  |  | $ | 20,982,000 |  |  | (192,000 | ) |  | (0.9 | )%

(a) | Selling, general and administrative expense excluding the change in the market value of the deferred compensation fund.

(b) | Consolidated selling, general and administrative expense reported for the period presented.

Although our growth in consolidated revenues was 5.1% for the first quarter 2013, selling, general and administrative expenses excluding the change in market value of the deferred compensation fund increased 1.1% or $207,000 compared to the first quarter 2012. Consequently, for the first quarter 2013, selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding the impact of deferred compensation fund), as a percentage of consolidated revenues, decreased to 7.3% of consolidated revenues as compared to 7.6% in the first quarter 2012.
Consolidated Investment and Interest Income
Investment and interest income, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, decreased to 0.4% for the first quarter 2013 compared to 0.6% for the first quarter 2012. We recognized a smaller increase in the market value of the investments held in our deferred compensation fund compared to a larger increase in the market value in the prior year.
Income before Income Taxes
Consolidated
As a result of the discussion above related to revenues and expenses, consolidated income before income taxes for the first quarter 2013 increased to 6.9%, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, compared to 5.2% for the first quarter 2012.
Reportable Segments
Housekeeping’s increase in income before income taxes is primarily attributable to the key indicators discussed above, specifically the increase in reportable segment revenues, as well as the decrease in labor and labor related costs as a percentage of revenue, partially offset by the increased cost of housekeeping supplies.
Dietary’s increase in income before income taxes is primarily attributable to the key indicators discussed above, specifically the increase in reportable segment revenues, as well as the decrease in labor and labor related costs as a percentage of revenue, partially offset by the increased cost of dietary supplies.
Consolidated Income Taxes
For the quarter ended March 31, 2013, our effective tax rate was approximately 21%, a decrease from the approximately 38% effective tax rate for the comparable 2012 period. Such differences between the effective tax rates and the applicable U.S. federal statutory rate arise primarily from the effect of state and local income taxes and tax credits available to the Company. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to an increase in expected tax credits realized in 2013 for 2012 and 2013 as compared to previous fiscal periods. The Company receives credits related to the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (“WOTC”) program but this program expired at December 31, 2011. The WOTC was subsequently renewed, but not until January 2, 2013, as part of The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012. Since the WOTC was renewed during the three month period ended March 31, 2013, the total tax effect of additional expected credits for 2012 is included in this period. As such, the effective tax rate is expected to increase in subsequent periods during 2013 and currently is expected to be approximately 32% for the entire year if there are no significant changes.
Consolidated Net Income
As a result of the matters discussed above, consolidated net income as a percentage of revenue for the first quarter 2013 increased to 5.4% compared to 3.2% in first quarter 2012.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
We consider the policies discussed below to be critical to an understanding of our financial statements because their application places the most significant demands on our judgment. Therefore, it should be noted that financial reporting results rely on estimating the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Specific risks for these critical accounting policies and estimates are described in the following paragraphs. For these estimates, we caution that future events rarely develop as forecasted, and the best estimates routinely require adjustment. Any such adjustments or revisions to estimates could result in material differences to previously reported amounts.
The policies discussed are not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by accounting standards generally accepted in the United States, with no need for our judgment in their application. There are also areas in which our judgment in selecting another available alternative would not produce a materially different result. See our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, which contain accounting policies and other disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (the “Allowance”) is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for bad debts charged to earnings. The Allowance is evaluated based on our periodic review of accounts and notes receivable and is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.
We have had varying collection experience with respect to our accounts and notes receivable. When contractual terms are not met, we generally encounter difficulty in collecting amounts due from certain of our clients. Therefore, we have sometimes been required to extend the period of payment for certain clients beyond contractual terms. These clients include those who have terminated service agreements and slow payers experiencing financial difficulties. In making credit evaluations, in addition to analyzing and anticipating, where possible, the specific cases described above, we consider the general collection risks associated with trends in the long-term care industry. We also establish credit limits, perform ongoing credit evaluations, and monitor accounts to minimize the risk of loss.
In accordance with the risk of extending credit, we regularly evaluate our accounts and notes receivable for impairment or loss of value and when appropriate, will provide in our Allowance for such receivables. We generally follow a policy of reserving for receivables due from clients in bankruptcy, clients with which we are in litigation for collection and other slow paying clients. The reserve is based upon our estimates of ultimate collectability. Correspondingly, once our recovery of a receivable is determined through litigation, bankruptcy proceedings or negotiation to be less than the recorded amount on our balance sheet, we will charge-off the applicable amount to the Allowance.
Our methodology for the Allowance is based upon a risk-based evaluation of accounts and notes receivable associated with a client’s ability to make payments. Such Allowance generally consists of an initial amount established based upon criteria generally applied if and when a client account files bankruptcy, is placed for collection/litigation and/or is considered to be pending collection/litigation. The initial Allowance is adjusted either higher or lower when additional information is available to permit a more accurate estimate of the collectability of an account.
Summarized below for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and year ended December 31, 2012 are the aggregate account balances for the three Allowance criteria noted above, net write-offs of client accounts, bad debt provision and allowance for doubtful accounts.

Period Ended | Aggregate Account Balances of Clients in Bankruptcy or in/or Pending Collection/Litigation |  | Net Write-offs of Client Accounts |  | Bad Debt Provision |  | Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
March 31, 2013 | $ | 6,404,000 |  |  | $ | 956,000 |  |  | $ | 450,000 |  |  | $ | 3,464,000 |
December 31, 2012 | $ | 6,273,000 |  |  | $ | 2,697,000 |  |  | $ | 2,160,000 |  |  | $ | 3,970,000 |

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At March 31, 2013, we identified accounts totaling $6,404,000 that require an Allowance based on potential impairment or loss of value. An Allowance totaling $3,464,000 was provided for these accounts at such date. Actual collections of these accounts could differ from that which we currently estimate. If our actual collection experience is 5% less than our estimate, the related increase to our Allowance would decrease net income by approximately $92,000.
Notwithstanding our efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, our clients could be adversely affected if future industry trends, as more fully discussed under Liquidity and Capital Resources below, and as further described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 in Part I, Item 1A under “Risk Factors”, and Part I, Item 1 “Government Regulation of Clients” and “Service Agreements/Collections”, change in such a manner as to negatively impact the cash flows of our clients. If our clients experience a negative impact in their cash flows, it would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Accrued Insurance Claims
We currently have a Paid Loss Retrospective Insurance Plan for general liability and workers’ compensation insurance, which comprise approximately 24% of our liabilities at March 31, 2013. Under our insurance plans for general liability and workers' compensation, predetermined loss limits are arranged with our insurance company to limit both our per occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost. Our accounting for this plan is affected by various uncertainties because we must make assumptions and apply judgment to estimate the ultimate cost to settle reported claims and claims incurred but not reported as of the balance sheet date. We address these uncertainties by regularly evaluating our claims’ pay-out experience, present value factor and other factors related to the nature of specific claims in arriving at the basis for our accrued insurance claims estimate. Our evaluations are based primarily on current information derived from reviewing our claims experience and industry trends. In the event that our claims experience and/or industry trends result in an unfavorable change resulting from, among other factors, the severity levels of reported claims and medical cost inflation, as compared to historical claim trends, it would have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Under these plans, predetermined loss limits are arranged with an insurance company to limit both our per-occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost.
For workers’ compensation, we record a reserve based on the present value of estimated future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled, including an estimate of claims incurred but not reported that are developed as a result of a review of our historical data and open claims. The present value of the payout is determined by applying an 8% discount factor against the estimated value of the claims over the estimated remaining pay-out period. Reducing the discount factor by 1% would reduce net income by approximately $71,000. Additionally, reducing the estimated payout period by six months would result in an approximate $137,000 reduction in net income.
For general liability, we record a reserve for the estimated ultimate amounts to be paid for known claims. The estimated ultimate reserve amount recorded is derived from the estimated claim reserves provided by our insurance carrier reduced by an historical experience factor.
Asset Valuations and Review for Potential Impairment
We review our fixed assets, deferred income taxes, goodwill and other intangible assets at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. This review requires that we make assumptions regarding the value of these assets and the changes in circumstances that would affect the carrying value of these assets. If such analysis indicates that a possible impairment may exist, we are then required to estimate the fair value of the asset and, as deemed appropriate, expense all or a portion of the asset. The determination of fair value includes numerous uncertainties, such as the impact of competition on future value. We believe that we have made reasonable estimates and judgments in determining whether our long-term assets have been impaired; however, if there is a material change in the assumptions used in our determination of fair value or if there is a material change in economic conditions or circumstances influencing fair value, we could be required to recognize certain impairment charges in the future. As a result of our most recent reviews, no changes in asset values were required.
Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences related to temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for tax purposes at each year-end, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established when necessary based on the weight of available evidence, if it is considered more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Income tax expense is the sum of current income tax plus the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities.
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We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous state and local jurisdictions. The determination of the income tax provision is an inherently complex process, requiring management to interpret continually changing regulations and to make certain significant judgments. Our assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to the amount of deferred income taxes take into account scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, recent financial operations, estimates of the amount of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies. Actual operating results in future years could render our current assumptions, judgments and estimates inaccurate. No assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which is reflected in the Company’s historical income tax provisions and accruals. The Company adjusts these items in light of changing facts and circumstances. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences could have a material effect on the income tax provisions or benefits in the periods in which such determinations are made.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At March 31, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $77,286,000 and working capital of $209,552,000 compared to December 31, 2012 cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $90,271,000 and working capital of $200,182,000. We view our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities as our principal measure of liquidity. Our current ratio at March 31, 2013 increased to 4.7 to 1 from 4.0 to 1 at December 31, 2012. This increase resulted primarily from increases in our marketable securities, accounts and notes receivables, prepaid income taxes, prepaid expenses and other, and decreases in our accrued payroll, other accrued expenses and income taxes payable balances, primarily resulting from the timing of such payments at March 31, 2013 as compared with December 31, 2012. The increase was partially negatively impacted by the decrease in our cash and cash equivalents, inventories and supplies, and increases in our accounts payable and deferred income taxes. On an historical basis, our operations have generally produced consistent cash flow and have required limited capital resources. We believe our current and near term cash flow positions will enable us to fund our anticipated growth.
Operating Activities
The net cash used in our operating activities was $5,027,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2013. The principal uses of net cash flows from operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2013 were net income adjusted for non-cash charges to operations for bad debt provisions, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization. Additionally, operating activities' cash flows decreased by $32,116,000 as a result of the increases in accounts and notes receivable, prepaid income taxes, prepaid expenses and other assets, deferred compensation funding and the decreases in accrued payroll and income taxes payable. These operating cash outflows were partially offset by the cash inflows of $10,080,000 related to the decrease in inventories and supplies and the increases in accounts payable and other accruals, accrued insurance claims and deferred compensation liability.
Investing Activities
The net cash used in our investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2013 was $2,156,000. The principal use of net cash flows from investing activities was $1,352,000 of net purchases of marketable securities. Additionally, we expended $968,000 for the purchase of housekeeping equipment, computer software and equipment, and laundry equipment installations. See “Capital Expenditures” below.
Financing Activities
On March 15, 2013, we paid to shareholders of record on February 22, 2013, a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.16625 per common share. Such regular quarterly cash dividend payment in the aggregate was $11,415,000.
Additionally, on April 9, 2013, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.16750 per common share, which will be paid on June 14, 2013, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on May 10, 2013.
The dividends paid to shareholders during the three months ended March 31, 2013 were in excess of cash flows during the given period, and therefore, were funded by the existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held by the Company. At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we had $77,286,000 and $90,271,000, respectively, in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. Our Board of Directors reviews our dividend policy on a quarterly basis. Although there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends or the amount of the dividend, we expect to continue to pay a regular quarterly cash dividend. In connection with the establishment of our dividend policy, we adopted a Dividend Reinvestment Plan in 2003.
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During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we received proceeds of $3,640,000 from the exercise of stock options by employees and directors. Additionally, as a result of deductions derived from the stock option exercises, we recognized an income tax benefit of $709,000.
Line of Credit
We have a $57,000,000 bank line of credit on which we may draw to meet short-term liquidity requirements in excess of internally generated cash flow. Amounts drawn under the line of credit are payable upon demand. At March 31, 2013, there were no borrowings under the line of credit. However, at such date, we had outstanding a $43,520,000 irrevocable standby letter of credit which relates to payment obligations under our insurance programs. As a result of the letter of credit issued, the amount available under the line of credit was reduced by $43,520,000 at March 31, 2013.
The line of credit requires us to satisfy two financial covenants. Such covenants and their respective status at March 31, 2013 were as follows:

Covenant Description and Requirement | Status at March 31, 2013
Commitment coverage ratio: cash and cash equivalents plus marketable securities must equal or exceed outstanding obligations under the line by a multiple of 1.00 | 1.78 |
Tangible net worth: must exceed $159,078,000 | $ | 218,592,000 |

As noted above, we complied with both financial covenants at March 31, 2013 and expect to continue to remain in compliance with such financial covenants. This line of credit expires on June 30, 2013. We believe the line of credit will be renewed at that time.
Accounts and Notes Receivable
We expend considerable effort to collect the amounts due for our services on the terms agreed upon with our clients. Many of our clients participate in programs funded by federal and state governmental agencies which historically have encountered delays in making payments to its program participants. Congress has enacted a number of laws during the past decade that have significantly altered, or may alter, overall government reimbursement for nursing home services. Because our clients’ revenues are generally dependent on Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement funding rates and mechanisms, the overall effect of these laws and trends in the long term care industry have affected and could adversely affect the liquidity of our clients, resulting in their inability to make payments to us on agreed upon payment terms. These factors, in addition to delays in payments from clients, have resulted in and could continue to result in significant additional bad debts in the near future. Whenever possible, when a client falls behind in making agreed-upon payments, we convert the unpaid accounts receivable to interest bearing promissory notes. The promissory notes receivable provide a means by which to further evidence the amounts owed and provide a definitive repayment plan and therefore may ultimately enhance our ability to collect the amounts due. At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we had $12,289,000 and $10,730,000, net of reserves, respectively, of such promissory notes outstanding. Additionally, we consider restructuring service agreements from full service to management-only service in the case of certain clients experiencing financial difficulties. We believe that such restructurings may provide us with a means to maintain a relationship with the client while at the same time minimizing collection exposure.
Many states have significant budget deficits. State Medicaid programs are experiencing increased demand, and with lower revenues than projected, they have fewer resources to support their Medicaid programs. In addition, comprehensive health care legislation under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (together, the “Act”) was signed into law in March 2010. The Act will significantly impact the governmental healthcare programs in which our clients participate, and reimbursements received thereunder from governmental or third-party payors. In July 2011, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) issued a final rule that reduced Medicare payments to nursing centers by 11.1% and changed the reimbursement for the provision of group rehabilitation therapy services to Medicare beneficiaries. This new rule was effective as of October 1, 2011. Furthermore, in the coming year and beyond, new proposals or additional changes in existing regulations could be made to the Act which could directly impact the governmental reimbursement programs in which our clients participate. As a result, some state Medicaid programs are reconsidering previously approved increases in nursing home reimbursement or are considering delaying or foregoing those increases. A few states have indicated it is possible they will run out of cash to pay Medicaid providers, including nursing homes. Any negative changes in our clients’ reimbursements may negatively impact our results of operations. Although we are currently evaluating the Act’s effect on our client base, we may not know the full effect until such time as these laws are fully implemented and CMS and other agencies issue applicable regulations or guidance. Additionally, even if federal or state legislation is enacted that provides additional funding to Medicaid providers,
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given the volatility of the economic environment, it is difficult to predict the impact of this legislation on our clients’ liquidity and their ability to make payments to us as agreed.
In January 2013, the U.S. Congress enacted the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which delayed automatic spending cuts of $1.2 trillion, including reduced Medicare payments to plans and providers up to 2%. These discretionary spending caps were originally enacted under provisions in the Budget Control Act of 2011, an initiative to reduce the federal deficit through the year 2021, also known as “sequestration.” The sequestration went into effect starting March 2013.
We have had varying collection experience with respect to our accounts and notes receivable. When contractual terms are not met, we generally encounter difficulty in collecting amounts due from certain of our clients. Therefore, we have sometimes been required to extend the period of payment for certain clients beyond contractual terms. These clients include those who have terminated service agreements and slow payers experiencing financial difficulties. In order to provide for these collection problems and the general risk associated with the granting of credit terms, we have recorded bad debt provisions (in an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) of $450,000 and $750,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. As a percentage of total revenues, these provisions represent approximately 0.2% and 0.3% for such respective periods. In making our credit evaluations, in addition to analyzing and anticipating, where possible, the specific cases described above, we consider the general collection risk associated with trends in the long-term care industry. We also establish credit limits, perform ongoing credit evaluation and monitor accounts to minimize the risk of loss. Notwithstanding our efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, our clients could be adversely affected if future industry trends change in such a manner as to negatively impact their cash flows. If our clients experience a negative impact in their cash flows, it would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Insurance Programs
We self-insure or carry a high deductible, and therefore retain a substantial portion of the risk associated with the expected losses under our general liability and workers compensation programs. Under our insurance plans for general liability and workers’ compensation, predetermined loss limits are arranged with our insurance company to limit both our per occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost.
For workers’ compensation, we record a reserve based on the present value of future payments, including an estimate of claims incurred but not reported, that are developed as a result of a review of our historical data and open claims. The present value of the payout is determined by applying an 8% discount factor against the estimated value of the claims over the estimated remaining pay-out period.
For general liability, we record a reserve for the estimated ultimate amounts to be paid for known claims. The estimated ultimate reserve amount recorded is derived from the estimated claim reserves provided by our insurance carrier reduced by an historical experience factor.
We regularly evaluate our claims’ pay-out experience, present value factor and other factors related to the nature of specific claims in arriving at the basis for our accrued insurance claims’ estimate. Our evaluation is based primarily on current information derived from reviewing our claims experience and industry trends. In the event that our claims experience and/or industry trends result in an unfavorable change, it would have an adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Capital Expenditures
The level of capital expenditures is generally dependent on the number of new clients obtained. Such capital expenditures primarily consist of housekeeping equipment purchases, laundry and linen equipment installations, and computer hardware and software. Although we have no specific material commitments for capital expenditures through the end of calendar year 2013, we estimate that for the remainder of 2013 we will have capital expenditures of approximately $2,000,000 to $4,000,000 in connection with housekeeping equipment purchases and laundry and linen equipment installations in our clients’ facilities, as well as expenditures relating to internal data processing hardware and software requirements. We believe that our cash from operations, existing cash and cash equivalents balance and credit line will be adequate for the foreseeable future to satisfy the needs of our operations and to fund our anticipated growth. However, should these sources not be sufficient, we would, if necessary, seek to obtain necessary working capital from such sources as long-term debt or equity financing.
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Material Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements, other than our irrevocable standby letter of credit previously discussed.
Effects of Inflation
Although there can be no assurance thereof, we believe that in most instances we will be able to recover increases in costs attributable to inflation by passing through such cost increases to our clients.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
At March 31, 2013, we had $77,286,000 in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the fair value of all of our cash equivalents and marketable securities is determined based on "Level 1" or “Level 2” inputs, which consist of quoted prices whose value is based upon quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. We place our cash investments in instruments that meet credit quality standards, as specified in our investment policy guidelines.
Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate investments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their market value adversely impacted due to an increase in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or if there is a decline in the fair value of our investments.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), such as this Form 10-Q, is reported in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on their evaluation as of March 31, 2013, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believe our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act 13a-15(e) are effective.
In connection with the evaluation pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(d) of our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) by our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, no changes during the quarter ended March 31, 2013, were identified that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Certifications
Certifications of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer regarding, among other items, disclosure controls and procedures are included as exhibits to this Form 10-Q.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION.
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in various administrative and legal proceedings, including labor and employment, contracts, personal injury, and insurance matters. The Company believes it is not a party to, nor are any of its properties the subject of, any pending legal proceeding or governmental examination that would have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial condition or liquidity.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There has been no material change in the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Not applicable.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
On January 4, 2013, certain executive officers and directors were granted stock options to purchase 105,000 shares, in the aggregate, at an exercise price equal to the then current fair market value of $23.50 per share. Additionally, certain executive officers were also granted 6,000 shares of restricted stock with a weighted average grant date fair value of $23.50.
Item 6. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Report:

Exhibit Number |  | Description
31.1 |  |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
31.2 |  |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
32.1 |  |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
EX-101 |  |  | XBRL Instance Document*
EX-101 |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
EX-101 |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document*
EX-101 |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
EX-101 |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase Document*
EX-101 |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*

* |  | Pursuant to applicable securities laws and regulations, we are deemed to have complied with the reporting obligation relating to the submission of interactive data files in such exhibits and are not subject to liability under any anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws as long as we have made a good faith attempt to comply with the submission requirements and promptly amend the interactive data files after becoming aware that the interactive data files fail to comply with the submission requirements. Users of this data are advised that, pursuant to Rule 406T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed and otherwise are not subject to liability.

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant had duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP, INC.
Date: | April 26, 2013 |  | /s/ Daniel P. McCartney
|  |  | Daniel P. McCartney
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: | April 26, 2013 |  | /s/ John C. Shea
|  |  | John C. Shea
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)

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