10-Q 1 hcsg10qq12015.htm FORM 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

| þ |  | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015
OR

| ¨ |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 0-12015

HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania |  | 23-2018365
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporated or organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
3220 Tillman Drive, Suite 300, Bensalem, PA |  | 19020
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(215) 639-4274
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES þ NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES þ NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | þ |  | Accelerated filer | ¨ |  | Non-accelerated filer | ¨ |  | Smaller reporting company | ¨
|  |  |  |  |  | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  |  |  |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YES ¨ NO þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Common Stock, $.01 par value: 71,485,000 shares outstanding as of April 20, 2015.
1

Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
For the Period Ended March 31, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 4
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 | 6
| Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 | 7
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 21
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 31
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 31
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 32
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 32
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 32
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 32
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 32
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 32
Item 5. | Other Information | 32
Item 6. | Exhibits | 32
Signatures | 33

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report and documents incorporated by reference into this report may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as amended, which are not historical facts but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and industry, our beliefs and assumptions. Words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “will,” “goal,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The inclusion of forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us that any of our plans will be achieved. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Such forward-looking information is also subject to various risks and uncertainties. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, risks arising from our providing services exclusively to the health care industry, primarily providers of long-term care; credit and collection risks associated with this industry; having several significant clients who each individually contributed at least 3% with one as high as 8% of our total consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2015; our claims experience related to workers’ compensation and general liability insurance; the effects of changes in, or interpretations of laws and regulations governing the industry, our workforce and services provided, including state and local regulations pertaining to the taxability of our services and other labor related matters such as minimum wage increases; continued receipt of tax benefits arising from our corporate reorganization and self-funded insurance program transition; risks associated with the reorganization of our corporate structure; and the risk factors described in Part I, Item I. of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 under “Government Regulation of Clients,” “Competition” and “Service Agreements and Collections,” and under Item IA. “Risk Factors."
These factors, in addition to delays in payments from clients and/or clients in bankruptcy or clients for which we are in litigation to collect payment, have resulted in, and could continue to result in, significant additional bad debts in the near future. Additionally, our operating results would be adversely affected if unexpected increases in the costs of labor and labor-related costs, materials, supplies and equipment used in performing services could not be passed on to our clients.
In addition, we believe that to improve our financial performance we must continue to obtain service agreements with new clients, provide new services to existing clients, achieve modest price increases on current service agreements with existing clients and maintain internal cost reduction strategies at our various operational levels. Furthermore, we believe that our ability to sustain the internal development of managerial personnel is an important factor impacting future operating results and successfully executing projected growth strategies.
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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION.
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited).
Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets

| (Unaudited) |  |
| March 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
ASSETS: |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 58,292,000 |  |  | $ | 75,280,000 |
Marketable securities, at fair value | 11,855,000 |  |  | 11,799,000 |
Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,352,000 as of March 31, 2015 and $6,136,000 as of December 31, 2014 | 211,412,000 |  |  | 198,128,000 |
Inventories and supplies | 35,418,000 |  |  | 35,462,000 |
Deferred income taxes | 2,246,000 |  |  | 3,455,000 |
Prepaid income taxes | — |  |  | 912,000 |
Prepaid expenses and other | 11,028,000 |  |  | 9,792,000 |
Total current assets | 330,251,000 |  |  | 334,828,000 |
Property and equipment: |  |  |
Laundry and linen equipment installations | 2,727,000 |  |  | 2,578,000 |
Housekeeping and office equipment and furniture | 34,539,000 |  |  | 33,546,000 |
Autos and trucks | 209,000 |  |  | 232,000 |
| 37,475,000 |  |  | 36,356,000 |
Less accumulated depreciation | 24,411,000 |  |  | 23,584,000 |
| 13,064,000 |  |  | 12,772,000 |
Goodwill | 44,438,000 |  |  | 44,438,000 |
Other intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $17,042,000 as of March 31, 2015 and $16,232,000 as of December 31, 2014 | 19,539,000 |  |  | 20,349,000 |
Notes receivable — long term portion, net of reserve | 2,716,000 |  |  | 5,179,000 |
Deferred compensation funding, at fair value | 24,291,000 |  |  | 24,742,000 |
Deferred income taxes — long term portion | 27,914,000 |  |  | 27,233,000 |
Other noncurrent assets | 38,000 |  |  | 38,000 |
Total Assets | $ | 462,251,000 |  |  | $ | 469,579,000 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 42,644,000 |  |  | $ | 43,554,000 |
Accrued payroll, accrued and withheld payroll taxes | 25,370,000 |  |  | 47,696,000 |
Other accrued expenses | 7,253,000 |  |  | 8,961,000 |
Income taxes payable | 6,179,000 |  |  | — |
Accrued insurance claims | 18,523,000 |  |  | 17,748,000 |
Total current liabilities | 99,969,000 |  |  | 117,959,000 |
Accrued insurance claims — long term portion | 52,718,000 |  |  | 50,514,000 |
Deferred compensation liability | 24,492,000 |  |  | 25,276,000 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |
Common stock, $.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 73,218,000 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2015 and 72,878,000 shares as of December 31, 2014 | 732,000 |  |  | 729,000 |
Additional paid-in capital | 192,068,000 |  |  | 186,022,000 |
Retained earnings | 103,098,000 |  |  | 100,237,000 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes | 28,000 |  |  | 25,000 |
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 1,759,000 shares as of March 31, 2015 and 1,821,000 shares as of December 31, 2014 | (10,854,000 | ) |  | (11,183,000 | )
Total stockholders’ equity | 285,072,000 |  |  | 275,830,000 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 462,251,000 |  |  | $ | 469,579,000 |

See accompanying notes.
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Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014
Revenues | $ | 355,246,000 |  |  | $ | 312,165,000 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |
Costs of services provided | 303,936,000 |  |  | 267,371,000 |
Selling, general and administrative | 26,763,000 |  |  | 22,046,000 |
Other income: |  |  |
Investment and interest | 507,000 |  |  | 381,000 |
Income before income taxes | 25,054,000 |  |  | 23,129,000 |
Income tax provision | 9,538,000 |  |  | 8,490,000 |
Net income | $ | 15,516,000 |  |  | $ | 14,639,000 |
Per share data: |  |  |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: |  |  |
Basic | 71,469,000 |  |  | 70,321,000 |
Diluted | 72,159,000 |  |  | 71,072,000 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 15,516,000 |  |  | $ | 14,639,000 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |
Unrealized gain on available for sale marketable securities, net of taxes | 3,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
Total comprehensive income | $ | 15,519,000 |  |  | $ | 14,640,000 |

See accompanying notes.
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Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 15,516,000 |  |  | $ | 14,639,000 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,911,000 |  |  | 1,757,000 |
Bad debt provision | 925,000 |  |  | 750,000 |
Deferred income tax benefits | 525,000 |  |  | 3,075,000 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 884,000 |  |  | 762,000 |
Amortization of premium on marketable securities | 93,000 |  |  | 88,000 |
Unrealized gains on deferred compensation fund investments | (365,000 | ) |  | (264,000 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts and notes receivable | (11,746,000 | ) |  | (6,855,000 | )
Prepaid income taxes | 912,000 |  |  | (1,007,000 | )
Inventories and supplies | 44,000 |  |  | (309,000 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (1,235,000 | ) |  | (2,106,000 | )
Deferred compensation funding | 451,000 |  |  | (798,000 | )
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses | (2,351,000 | ) |  | (469,000 | )
Accrued payroll, accrued and withheld payroll taxes | (21,002,000 | ) |  | 9,679,000 |
Accrued insurance claims | 2,979,000 |  |  | 26,000 |
Deferred compensation liability | 76,000 |  |  | 1,230,000 |
Income taxes payable | 6,179,000 |  |  | (1,878,000 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (6,204,000 | ) |  | 18,320,000 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Disposals of fixed assets | 41,000 |  |  | 60,000 |
Additions to property and equipment | (1,436,000 | ) |  | (1,513,000 | )
Purchases of marketable securities | (989,000 | ) |  | (1,228,000 | )
Sales of marketable securities | 846,000 |  |  | 939,000 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,538,000 | ) |  | (1,742,000 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Dividends paid | (12,655,000 | ) |  | (12,077,000 | )
Reissuance of treasury stock pursuant to Dividend Reinvestment Plan | 26,000 |  |  | — |
Tax benefit from equity compensation plans | 499,000 |  |  | 477,000 |
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options | 2,884,000 |  |  | 2,559,000 |
Net cash used in financing activities | (9,246,000 | ) |  | (9,041,000 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | (16,988,000 | ) |  | 7,537,000 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period | 75,280,000 |  |  | 64,155,000 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period | $ | 58,292,000 |  |  | $ | 71,692,000 |
Supplementary Cash Flow Information: |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 22,000 |  |  | $ | 13,000 |
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds | $ | 1,424,000 |  |  | $ | 7,821,000 |
Issuance of Common Stock in 2015 and 2014, respectively, pursuant to Employee Stock Purchase Plan | $ | 1,701,000 |  |  | $ | 1,851,000 |

See accompanying notes.
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Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, net of taxes |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | Stockholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |
Balance — December 31, 2014 | 72,878,000 |  |  | $ | 729,000 |  |  | $ | 186,022,000 |  |  | $ | 25,000 |  |  | $ | 100,237,000 |  |  | $ | (11,183,000 | ) |  | $ | 275,830,000 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income for the period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,516,000 |  |  |  |  | 15,516,000 |
Unrealized gain on available for sale marketable securities, net of taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,000 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,519,000 |
Exercise of stock options, net of shares tendered for payment | 164,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 2,883,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,884,000 |
Tax benefit from equity compensation plans |  |  |  |  | 499,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 499,000 |
Share-based compensation expense — stock options and restricted stock |  |  |  |  | 777,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 777,000 |
Treasury shares issued for Deferred Compensation Plan funding and redemptions |  |  |  |  | 443,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 48,000 |  |  | 491,000 |
Shares issued pursuant to Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  |  |  |  | 1,363,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 338,000 |  |  | 1,701,000 |
Cash dividends |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (12,655,000 | ) |  |  |  | (12,655,000 | )
Shares issued pursuant to Dividend Reinvestment Plan |  |  |  |  | 83,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (57,000 | ) |  | 26,000 |
Shares issued pursuant to prior year acquisition | 176,000 |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | (2,000 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Balance — March 31, 2015 | 73,218,000 |  |  | $ | 732,000 |  |  | $ | 192,068,000 |  |  | $ | 28,000 |  |  | $ | 103,098,000 |  |  | $ | (10,854,000 | ) |  | $ | 285,072,000 |

See accompanying notes.
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Healthcare Services Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1— Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Unaudited Interim Financial Data
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and the requirements of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows. However, in our opinion, all adjustments which are of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected in these consolidated financial statements. The balance sheet shown in this report as of December 31, 2014 has been derived from, and does not include, all the disclosures contained in the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
Nature of Operations
We provide management, administrative and operating expertise and services to the housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and dietary service departments of the health care industry, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. Although we do not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, our clients’ reimbursements are subject to government regulation. Therefore, they are directly affected by any legislation relating to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs.
We provide our services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with our clients. In such agreements, we are responsible for the day-to-day management of the managers and hourly employees located at our clients’ facilities. We also provide services on the basis of a management-only agreement for a very limited number of clients. Our agreements with clients typically provide for a one year service term, cancelable by either party upon 30 to 90 days’ notice after the initial 90-day period.
We are organized into two reportable segments: housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services (“Housekeeping”), and dietary department services (“Dietary”).
Housekeeping consists of the managing of the client’s housekeeping department which is principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of patient rooms and common areas of a client’s facility, as well as the laundering and processing of the personal clothing belonging to the facility’s patients. Also within the scope of this segment’s service is the responsibility for laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms and other assorted linen items utilized by a client facility.
Dietary consists of managing the client’s dietary department which is principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and providing dietitian consulting professional services, which includes the development of a menu that meets the patient’s dietary needs.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are held in U.S. financial institutions or in custodial accounts with U.S. financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at time of purchase that are readily convertible into cash and have insignificant interest rate risk.
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Inventories and Supplies
Inventories and supplies include housekeeping, linen and laundry supplies, as well as food provisions and supplies. Inventories and supplies are stated at cost to approximate a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Linen supplies are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life of 24 months.
Revenue Recognition
Revenues from our service agreements with clients are recognized as services are performed.
As a distributor of laundry equipment, we occasionally sell laundry installations to certain clients. The sales in most cases represent the construction and installation of a turn-key operation and are for payment terms ranging from 24 to 60 months. During the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, laundry installation sales were not material.
Income Taxes
We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current period. We accrue for probable tax obligations as required by facts and circumstances in the various regulatory environments. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. If appropriate, we would record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount for which realization is more likely than not.
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we account for uncertain income tax positions reflected within our financial statements based on a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.
Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflect the weighted-average common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares, such as those issuable upon exercise of stock options.
Share-Based Compensation
U.S. GAAP addresses the accounting for share-based compensation, specifically, the measurement and recognition of compensation expense, based on estimated fair values, for all share-based awards made to employees and directors, including stock options and participation in the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. We estimate the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income over the requisite service periods. We use the straight-line single option method of expensing share-based awards in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Because share-based compensation expense is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest, share-based compensation expense will be reduced to account for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Use of Estimates in Financial Statements
In preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates are used for, but not limited to, our allowance for doubtful accounts, accrued insurance claims, asset valuations and review for potential impairment, and deferred taxes. The estimates are based upon various factors including current and historical trends, as well as other pertinent industry and regulatory authority information. We regularly evaluate this information to determine if it is necessary to update the basis for our estimates and to compensate for known changes.
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Self-Funded Captive Insurance Programs
Effective in the second half of 2015, the Company expects to transition its workers compensation and certain employee health & welfare insurance programs to HCSG Insurance Corp. ("HCSG Insurance"), its wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary. HCSG Insurance currently provides general liability coverage to the Company. HCSG Insurance was formed in January 2014 to provide the Company with greater flexibility and cost efficiency in meeting its property & casualty and health & welfare needs.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments, as defined by U.S. GAAP, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, deferred compensation funding and accounts and notes receivable. We define our marketable securities as fixed income investments which are highly liquid investments that can be readily purchased or sold using established markets. At March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities were held in one large financial institution located in the United States.
Our clients are concentrated in the health care industry, primarily providers of long-term care. Many of our clients’ revenues are highly contingent on Medicare, Medicaid and third party payors’ reimbursement funding rates. Congress has enacted a number of major laws during the past decade that have significantly altered, or threatened to alter, overall government reimbursement for nursing home services. These changes and lack of substantive reimbursement funding rate reform legislation, as well as other trends in the long-term care industry have affected and could adversely affect the liquidity of our clients, resulting in their inability to make payments to us on agreed upon payment terms. These factors, in addition to delays in payments from clients, could result in significant additional bad debts in the future.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2015-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40). This ASU will require an entity's management, for each annual and interim reporting period, to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The definition of substantial doubt within this ASU incorporates a likelihood threshold of "probable" similar to the use of that term under current guidance for Topic 450, Contingencies. Certain disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt. This ASU is effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the guidance in this ASU to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customer (Topic 606). This ASU establishes core principles that should assist an entity in recognizing revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance in this ASU supersedes the current revenue recognition requirements in Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance in this ASU will have, if any, on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position.
Note 2—Acquisition
On July 12, 2013, the Company acquired substantially all of the operating assets of Platinum Health Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and Platinum Health Services PEO, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (collectively “Platinum”). The total purchase consideration was $50,766,000, which consisted of a cash payment of $5,000,000, the issuance of 1,215,000 shares of the Company's common stock with a fair value of $30,062,000 and contingent consideration with a fair value of $15,704,000. The purchase price allocation was completed in the second quarter of 2014.
Upon the achievement of certain financial and retention targets, the Platinum stockholders are eligible for contingent consideration paid by the future issuance of 1,005,000 shares of the Company's common stock. As of March 31, 2015, 652,000 shares of contingent consideration have been earned and distributed to the Platinum stockholders. The remaining 353,000 shares may be issued to the Platinum stockholders upon the achievement of certain financial targets. The Company's obligation to pay contingent consideration has been appropriately classified as equity within the financial statements.
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Note 3—Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by Component
U.S. GAAP establishes standards for presenting information about significant items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, we generated other comprehensive income from one component, which relates to the unrealized gains and losses from our available for sale marketable securities during a given reporting period.
The following table provides a summary of changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2015:

| Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities (1)
Accumulated other comprehensive income — December 31, 2014 | $ | 25,000 |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 1,000 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (2)(3) | 2,000 |
Net current period change in other comprehensive income | 3,000 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income — March 31, 2015 | $ | 28,000 |

(1) | All amounts are net of tax.

(2) | Realized gains and losses are recorded pre-tax in the other income - investment and interest caption on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

(3) | For the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company recorded $3,000 of realized gains from the sale of available for sale securities. Refer to Note 5 herein for further information.

Note 4—Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired of businesses and is not amortized. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise, using a fair-value-based test that compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value.
Goodwill by reportable operating segment, as described in Note 10 herein, was approximately $42,377,000 and $2,061,000 for Housekeeping and Dietary as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
The cost of intangible assets is based on fair values at the date of acquisition. Intangible assets with determinable lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life (between 7 and 10 years).
The following table sets forth the amounts of our identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization, which were acquired in acquisitions.

| March 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Customer relationships | $ | 35,781,000 |  |  | $ | 35,781,000 |
Non-compete agreements | 800,000 |  |  | 800,000 |
Total other intangibles, gross | 36,581,000 |  |  | 36,581,000 |
Less accumulated amortization | 17,042,000 |  |  | 16,232,000 |
Other intangibles, net | $ | 19,539,000 |  |  | $ | 20,349,000 |

The customer relationships and non-compete agreements have a weighted-average amortization period of eight years. As of March 31, 2015, the Company's non-compete agreements have been fully amortized.
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The following table sets forth the estimated amortization expense for intangibles subject to amortization for the remainder of 2015, the following five fiscal years and thereafter:

Period/Year |  | Total Amortization Expense
April 1 to December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 2,432,000 |
2016 |  | 3,241,000 |
2017 |  | 2,970,000 |
2018 |  | 2,328,000 |
2019 |  | 2,130,000 |
2020 |  | 2,130,000 |
Thereafter |  | 4,308,000 |

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $810,000 and $828,000, respectively.
Note 5—Fair Value Measurements
We, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). We have not elected the fair value option for our available for sale marketable securities as we believe these assets are more representative of our investing activities and are viewed as non-operating in nature. These assets are available for future needs of the Company to support our current and projected growth, if required. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, our investments in marketable securities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. These investment securities are valued based upon quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
The Company’s financial instruments consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents, available for sale marketable securities, accounts and notes receivable, prepaid expenses and other, and accounts payable (including income taxes payable and accrued expenses). The carrying value of these financial instruments approximates their fair value because of their short-term nature. The fair value of financial instruments is defined as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties.
The following tables provide fair value measurement information for our marketable securities and deferred compensation fund investment assets as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

| As of March 31, 2015
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Using:
| Carrying Amount |  | Total Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds — available for sale | $ | 11,855,000 |  |  | $ | 11,855,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,855,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Deferred compensation fund |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money Market | $ | 3,462,000 |  |  | $ | 3,462,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,462,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Balanced and Lifestyle | 8,921,000 |  |  | 8,921,000 |  |  | 8,921,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Large Cap Growth | 5,068,000 |  |  | 5,068,000 |  |  | 5,068,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Small Cap Value | 2,323,000 |  |  | 2,323,000 |  |  | 2,323,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fixed Income | 2,129,000 |  |  | 2,129,000 |  |  | 2,129,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
International | 1,161,000 |  |  | 1,161,000 |  |  | 1,161,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mid Cap Growth | 1,227,000 |  |  | 1,227,000 |  |  | 1,227,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Deferred compensation fund | $ | 24,291,000 |  |  | $ | 24,291,000 |  |  | $ | 20,829,000 |  |  | $ | 3,462,000 |  |  | $ | — |

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| As of December 31, 2014
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Using:
| Carrying Amount |  | Total Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds — available for sale | $ | 11,799,000 |  |  | $ | 11,799,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,799,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Deferred compensation fund |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money Market | $ | 4,278,000 |  |  | $ | 4,278,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,278,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Balanced and Lifestyle | 8,885,000 |  |  | 8,885,000 |  |  | 8,885,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Large Cap Growth | 4,856,000 |  |  | 4,856,000 |  |  | 4,856,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Small Cap Value | 2,392,000 |  |  | 2,392,000 |  |  | 2,392,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fixed Income | 2,081,000 |  |  | 2,081,000 |  |  | 2,081,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
International | 1,097,000 |  |  | 1,097,000 |  |  | 1,097,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mid Cap Growth | 1,153,000 |  |  | 1,153,000 |  |  | 1,153,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Deferred compensation fund | $ | 24,742,000 |  |  | $ | 24,742,000 |  |  | $ | 20,464,000 |  |  | $ | 4,278,000 |  |  | $ | — |

The fair value of the municipal bonds is measured using third party pricing service data. The fair value of equity investments in the funded deferred compensation plan are valued (Level 1) based on quoted market prices. The money market fund in the funded deferred compensation plan is valued (Level 2) at the net asset value (“NAV”) of the shares held by the plan at the end of the period. As a practical expedient, fair value of our money market fund is valued at the NAV as determined by the custodian of the fund. The money market fund includes short-term United States dollar denominated money-market instruments. The money market fund can be redeemed at its NAV at its measurement date as there are no significant restrictions on the ability of participants to sell this investment. These assets will be redeemed by the plan participants on an as needed basis.
Unrealized gains and losses from marketable securities are recorded in the other comprehensive income caption in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, we recorded unrealized gains from marketable securities of $3,000 and $1,000, respectively.

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Other-than-temporary Impairments
March 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Type of security: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds — available for sale | 11,808,000 |  |  | 49,000 |  |  | (2,000 | ) |  | 11,855,000 |  |  | — |
Total debt securities | $ | 11,808,000 |  |  | $ | 49,000 |  |  | $ | (2,000 | ) |  | $ | 11,855,000 |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Type of security: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds — available for sale | 11,758,000 |  |  | 48,000 |  |  | (7,000 | ) |  | 11,799,000 |  |  | — |
Total debt securities | $ | 11,758,000 |  |  | $ | 48,000 |  |  | $ | (7,000 | ) |  | $ | 11,799,000 |  |  | $ | — |

For the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, we received total proceeds, less the amount of interest received, of $758,000 and $871,000, respectively, from sales of available for sale municipal bonds. These sales resulted in realized gains of $3,000 and $1,000, respectively, and are recorded in other income – investment and interest caption on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. The basis for the sale of these securities was a specific identification of each bond sold during this period.
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The following tables include contractual maturities of debt securities held at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, which are classified as marketable securities in the consolidated Balance Sheet.

| Municipal Bonds — Available for Sale
Contractual maturity: | March 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Maturing in one year or less | $ | 3,585,000 |  |  | $ | 4,343,000 |
Maturing after one year through three years | 4,557,000 |  |  | 4,041,000 |
Maturing after three years | 3,713,000 |  |  | 3,415,000 |
Total debt securities | $ | 11,855,000 |  |  | $ | 11,799,000 |

Note 6— Share-Based Compensation
2012 Equity Incentive Plan
The Company's 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2012 Plan") provides that current or prospective officers, employees, non-employee directors and advisors can receive share-based awards such as stock options, restricted stock and other stock awards. The 2012 Plan seeks to promote the highest level of performance by providing an economic interest in the long-term success of the Company. As of the adoption of the 2012 Plan, no further grants were permitted under any previously existing stock plans (the "Pre-existing Plans"). Additionally, all remaining shares available for future grants under the Pre-existing Plans became available for issuance under the 2012 Plan.
The Nominating, Compensation and Stock Option Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for determining the individuals who will be granted stock awards, the number of stock awards each individual will receive, the price per share (in accordance with the terms of our 2012 Plan), and the exercise period of each stock award.
A summary of stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014
Stock Options | $ | 719,000 |  |  | $ | 646,000 |
Restricted Stock | 58,000 |  |  | 26,000 |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") | 107,000 |  |  | 90,000 |
Total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense charged against income (1) | $ | 884,000 |  |  | $ | 762,000 |

(1) | Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in the selling, general and administrative caption in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

We have outstanding stock awards that were granted under the Pre-existing Plans to non-employee directors, officers and employees of the Company and other specified groups, depending on the Pre-existing Plan. As of March 31, 2015, 4,488,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under our 2012 Plan, including 1,748,000 shares available for future grant. The stock price will not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date the award is granted. No stock award will have a term in excess of ten years. Since 2008, all awards granted under the Pre-existing Plans and the 2012 Plan become vested and exercisable ratably over a five year period on each yearly anniversary date of the option grant.
A summary of our stock option activity under the 2012 Plan as of December 31, 2014 and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2015 is as follows:

| Stock Options Outstanding
| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
December 31, 2014 | 2,362,000 |  |  | $ | 19.45 |
Granted | 561,000 |  |  | 30.30 |
Cancelled | (22,000 | ) |  | 26.26 |
Exercised | (161,000 | ) |  | 18.21 |
March 31, 2015 | 2,740,000 |  |  | $ | 21.69 |

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The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $6.64 and $8.24 per common share, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company granted 25,000 shares of restricted stock with a weighted average grant date fair value of $30.30 per share. During the three months ended March 31, 2014, the Company granted 14,000 shares of restricted stock with a weighted average grant date fair value of $28.02 per share.
A summary of our non-vested stock-based compensation as of December 31, 2014 and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2015 is as follows:

| Number of Non-vested Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
December 31, 2014 | 1,465,000 |  |  | $ | 6.17 |
Granted | 561,000 |  |  | 6.64 |
Vested | (488,000 | ) |  | 5.17 |
Forfeited | (22,000 | ) |  | 6.51 |
March 31, 2015 | 1,516,000 |  |  | $ | 6.66 |

The following table summarizes other information about our outstanding stock options at March 31, 2015.

|  | Stock Options
Range of exercise prices |  | $10.39 - $30.30 |
Outstanding: |  |
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years) |  | 7.1 |
Aggregate intrinsic value |  | $ | 28,607,000 |
Exercisable: |  |
Number of shares |  | 1,224,000 |
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years) |  | 5.4 |
Aggregate intrinsic value |  | $ | 19,264,000 |
Exercised: |  |
Aggregate intrinsic value |  | $ | 2,205,000 |

Fair Value Estimates
The fair value of stock awards granted in 2015 and 2014 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model based on the following assumptions:

| March 31, 2015 |  | March 31, 2014
Risk-free interest rate | 1.9% |  | 1.9%
Weighted average expected life in years | 5.8 years |  | 5.9 years
Expected volatility | 27.2% |  | 36.9%
Dividend yield | 2.2% |  | 2.4%

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Other Information
Other information pertaining to activity of our stock awards during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

| March 31, 2015 |  | March 31, 2014
Total grant-date fair value of stock awards granted | $ | 4,027,000 |  |  | $ | 4,268,000 |
Total fair value of stock awards vested during period | $ | 2,719,000 |  |  | $ | 2,051,000 |
Total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock awards | $ | 9,363,000 |  |  | $ | 8,523,000 |

At March 31, 2015, the unrecognized compensation cost related to stock awards granted but not yet vested, as reported above, was expected to be recognized through the fourth quarter of 2019 for the 2015 grants and the fourth quarter of 2018 for the 2014 grants.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
We have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") for all eligible employees. All full-time and certain part-time employees who have completed two years of continuous service with us are eligible to participate. On April 12, 2011, the Board of Directors extended the ESPP for an additional five offerings through 2016. Annual offerings commence and terminate on the respective year’s first and last calendar day.
Under the ESPP, we are authorized to issue up to 4,050,000 shares of our common stock to our employees. Pursuant to such authorization, we have 2,421,000 shares available for future grant at March 31, 2015.
The stock-based compensation expense associated with our ESPP was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model based on the following assumptions:

| March 31, 2015 |  | March 31, 2014
Risk-free interest rate | 0.18% |  | 0.10%
Weighted average expected life in years | 1.0 year |  | 1.0 year
Expected volatility | 19.2% |  | 21.9%
Dividend yield | 2.2% |  | 2.4%

Note 7— Dividends
On March 27, 2015, we paid to shareholders of record on February 20, 2015, a regular cash dividend of $0.17625 per common share or $12,655,000 in the aggregate.
Additionally, on April 14, 2015, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.17750 per common share, which will be paid on June 26, 2015, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on May 22, 2015.
Cash dividends on our outstanding weighted average number of basic common shares for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 were approximately as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014
Cash dividends per common share | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |

Our Board of Directors reviews our dividend policy on a quarterly basis. Although there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends or the amount of the dividend, we expect to continue to pay a regular quarterly cash dividend. In connection with the establishment of our dividend policy, we adopted a Dividend Reinvestment Plan in 2003.
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Note 8— Income Taxes
For the three months ended March 31, 2015, our effective tax rate was approximately 38%, an increase from the 37% effective tax rate for the comparable 2014 period. Such differences between the effective tax rates and the applicable U.S. federal statutory rate arise primarily from the effect of state and local income taxes and tax credits available to the Company. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily due to the impact of tax credits realized in 2014 as compared to the current period. As such, the 2015 estimated annual effective tax rate is expected to be approximately 38% compared to 31% for 2014. This amount could vary depending on the availability of tax credits.
We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which results in recognizing income tax expense based on the amount of income taxes payable or refundable for the current year. Additionally, we evaluate regularly the tax positions taken or expected to be taken resulting from financial statement recognition of certain items. Based on our evaluation, we have concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in our financial statements. Our evaluation was performed for the tax years ended December 31, 2011 through 2014 (with regard to U.S. federal income tax returns) and December 31, 2010 through 2014 (with regard to various state and local income tax returns), the tax years which remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions as of March 31, 2015.
We may from time to time be assessed interest or penalties by taxing jurisdictions, although any such assessments historically have been minimal and immaterial to our financial results. When we have received an assessment for interest and/or penalties, it has been classified in the financial statements as selling, general and administrative expense.
Note 9—Related Party Transactions
A director is a member of a law firm which was retained by us. In each of the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, fees received from us by such firm did not exceed $120,000 in any period. Additionally, such fees did not exceed, in either period, 5% of such firm’s or the Company's revenues.
Note 10—Segment Information
Reportable Operating Segments
U.S. GAAP establishes standards for reporting information regarding operating segments in annual financial statements. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker, or decision-making group in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance.
We manage and evaluate our operations in two reportable segments: Housekeeping (housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services) and Dietary (dietary department services). Although both segments serve the same client base and share many operational similarities, they are managed separately due to distinct differences in the type of service provided, as well as the specialized expertise required of the professional management personnel responsible for delivering the respective segment’s services. We consider the various services provided within each reportable segment to comprise an identifiable reportable operating segment since such services are rendered pursuant to a single service agreement, specific to that reportable segment, as well as the fact that the delivery of the respective reportable segment’s services are managed by the same management personnel of the particular reportable segment.
The Company’s accounting policies for the segments are generally the same as the Company’s significant accounting policies. Differences between the reportable segments’ operating results and other disclosed data and our consolidated financial statements relate primarily to corporate level transactions and recording of transactions at the reportable segment level which use methods other than generally accepted accounting principles. There are certain inventories and supplies that are primarily expensed when incurred within the operating segments, while they are capitalized for the consolidated financial statements. As discussed, most corporate expense is not allocated to the operating segments, and such expenses include corporate salary and benefit costs, bad debt expense, certain legal costs, information technology costs, depreciation, amortization of finite lived intangibles, share based compensation costs and other corporate specific costs. Additionally, there are allocations for workers' compensation and general liability expense within the operating segments that differ from our actual expense recorded for U.S. GAAP. Additionally, included in the differences between the reportable segments’ operating results and other disclosed data are amounts attributable to Huntingdon Holdings Inc. ("Huntingdon"), our investment holding company subsidiary. Huntingdon does not transact any business with the reportable segments. Segment amounts disclosed are prior to any elimination entries made in consolidation.
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Housekeeping provides services in Canada, although essentially all of its revenues and net income, 99% in both categories, are earned in one geographic area, the United States. Dietary provides services solely in the United States.

| Housekeeping Services |  | Dietary Services |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  |  |  | Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 226,581,000 |  |  | $ | 128,665,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 355,246,000 |
Income before income taxes | 20,617,000 |  |  | 8,905,000 |  |  | (4,468,000 | ) |  | (1) |  | 25,054,000 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 204,741,000 |  |  | $ | 107,424,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 312,165,000 |
Income before income taxes | 18,752,000 |  |  | 6,780,000 |  |  | (2,403,000 | ) |  | (1) |  | 23,129,000 |

(1) | Represents primarily corporate office cost and related overhead, recording of transactions at the reportable segment level which use methods other than U.S. GAAP, as well as consolidated subsidiaries’ operating expenses that are not allocated to the reportable segments, net of investment and interest income.

Total Revenues from Clients
The following revenues earned from clients differ from segment revenues reported above due to the inclusion of adjustments used for segment reporting purposes by management. We earned total revenues from clients in the following service categories:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2015 |  | 2014
Housekeeping services | $ | 156,587,000 |  |  | $ | 140,940,000 |
Laundry and linen services | 69,488,000 |  |  | 63,270,000 |
Dietary services | 128,665,000 |  |  | 107,424,000 |
Maintenance services and other | 506,000 |  |  | 531,000 |
| $ | 355,246,000 |  |  | $ | 312,165,000 |

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Note 11— Earnings Per Common Share
Basic net earnings per share are computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. The dilutive effect of potential common shares outstanding is included in diluted net earnings per share. The computations of basic net earnings per share and diluted net earnings per share are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
| Income (Numerator) |  | Shares (Denominator) |  | Per-share Amount
| Net income | $ | 15,516,000 |  |  |  |  |
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | 15,516,000 |  |  | 71,469,000 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
| Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |
| Stock options and restricted stock |  |  | 690,000 |  |  | — |
| Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 15,516,000 |  |  | 72,159,000 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
| Income (Numerator) |  | Shares (Denominator) |  | Per-share Amount
| Net income | $ | 14,639,000 |  |  |  |  |
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | 14,639,000 |  |  | 70,321,000 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |
| Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |
| Stock options and restricted stock |  |  | 751,000 |  |  | — |
| Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 14,639,000 |  |  | 71,072,000 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |

Stock awards to purchase 1,014,000 shares of common stock having average exercise price of $29.22 per common share were outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2015 but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the exercise prices of the options were greater than the average market price of the common shares, and therefore, would be antidilutive.
Stock awards to purchase 993,000 shares of common stock having an average exercise price of $25.87 per common share were outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2014 but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the exercise prices of the options were greater than the average market price of the common shares, and therefore, would be antidilutive.
Note 12—Other Contingencies
We have a $125,000,000 bank line of credit on which we may draw to meet short-term liquidity requirements in excess of internally generated cash flow. Amounts drawn under the line of credit are payable upon demand. At March 31, 2015, there were no borrowings under the line of credit. However, at such date, we had outstanding a $71,415,000 (increased to $73,696,000 on April 1, 2015) irrevocable standby letter of credit which relates to payment obligations under our insurance programs. As a result of the letter of credit issued, the amount available under the line of credit was reduced by $71,415,000 at March 31, 2015. The line of credit requires us to satisfy one financial covenant. We are in compliance with our financial covenant at March 31, 2015 and expect to continue to remain in compliance with such financial covenant. This line of credit has a five year term and expires on December 18, 2018.
We provide our services in 48 states and are subject to numerous local taxing jurisdictions within those states. Consequently, in the ordinary course of business, a jurisdiction may contest our reporting positions with respect to the application of its tax code to our services. A jurisdiction’s conflicting position on the taxability of our services could result in additional tax liabilities.
We have tax matters with various taxing authorities. Because of the uncertainties related to both the probable outcome and amount of probable assessment due, we are unable to make a reasonable estimate of a liability. We do not expect the resolution of any of these matters, taken individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations based on our best estimate of the outcomes of such matters.
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We are also subject to various claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of business. Some of these matters include payroll and employee-related matters and examinations by governmental agencies. As we become aware of such claims and legal actions, we provide accruals if the exposures are probable and estimable. If an adverse outcome of such claims and legal actions is reasonably possible, we assess materiality and provide such financial disclosure, as appropriate.
Many states have significant budget deficits. State Medicaid programs are experiencing increased demand, and with lower revenues than projected, they have fewer resources to support their Medicaid programs. In addition, comprehensive health care legislation under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (together, the “Act”) was signed into law in March 2010. The Act will continue to significantly impact the governmental healthcare programs in which our clients participate, and reimbursements received thereunder from governmental or third-party payors. Effective October 1, 2011, a rule enacted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) reduced Medicare payments to nursing centers by 11.1% and changed the reimbursement for the provision of group rehabilitation therapy services to Medicare beneficiaries. Furthermore, during the remainder of 2015 and in coming years, new proposals or additional changes in existing regulations could be made to the Act and/or CMS could propose additional reimbursement reductions which could directly impact the governmental reimbursement programs in which our clients participate. As a result, some state Medicaid programs are reconsidering previously approved increases in nursing home reimbursement or are considering delaying or foregoing those increases. A few states have indicated it is possible they will run out of cash to pay Medicaid providers, including nursing homes. In addition, certain states have rejected Federal Medicaid assistance under the Act and may continue to do so. Any negative changes in our clients’ reimbursements may negatively impact our results of operations. Although we continually evaluate the Act’s effect on our client base, we may not know the full effect until such time as these laws are fully implemented and CMS and other agencies issue applicable regulations or guidance.
In January 2013, the U.S. Congress enacted the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which delayed automatic spending cuts, including reduced Medicare payments to plans and providers up to 2%. These discretionary spending caps were originally enacted under provisions in the Budget Control Act of 2011, an initiative to reduce the federal deficit through the year 2021, also known as “sequestration.” The sequestration went into effect starting March 2013. In December 2013, the U.S. Congress enacted the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, which reduces the impact of the sequestration for two years, beginning in fiscal year 2014 and extended the reduction in Medicare payments to plans and providers for two years through the year 2023.
Note 13—Subsequent Events
We evaluated all subsequent events through the date this Form 10-Q is being filed with the SEC. We believe there were no events or transactions occurring during this subsequent reporting period which require recognition or additional disclosure in these financial statements.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Results of Operations
The following discussion is intended to provide the reader with information that will be helpful in understanding our financial statements including the changes in certain key items in comparing financial statements period to period. We also intend to provide the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as a summary of how certain accounting principles affect our financial statements. In addition, we are providing information about the financial results of our two operating segments to further assist in understanding how these segments and their results affect our consolidated results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 and the periods then ended and the notes accompanying those financial statements.
Overview
We provide management, administrative and operating expertise and services to the housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and dietary service departments of the health care industry, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. We believe we are the largest provider of housekeeping and laundry management services to the long-term care industry in the United States, rendering such services to over 3,500 facilities in 48 states as of March 31, 2015. Although we do not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, our clients’ reimbursements are subject to government regulation. Therefore, our clients are directly affected by any legislation relating to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs.
We provide our services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with our clients. In such agreements, we are responsible for the day to day management of the department managers and hourly employees located at our clients’ facilities. We also provide services on the basis of a management-only agreement for a very limited number of clients. Our agreements with clients typically provide for renewable one year service terms, cancelable by either party upon 30 to 90 days’ notice after the initial 90-day period.
We are organized into two reportable segments; housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services (“Housekeeping”), and dietary department services (“Dietary”). At March 31, 2015, Housekeeping is provided at essentially all of our 3,500 client facilities, generating approximately 64% or $226,581,000 of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2015. Dietary is provided to over 900 client facilities at March 31, 2015 and contributed approximately 36% or $128,665,000 of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
Housekeeping consists of managing the client’s housekeeping department which is principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of patient rooms and common areas of a client’s facility, as well as laundering and processing of the personal clothing belonging to the facility’s patients. Also within the scope of this segment’s service is the responsibility for laundering and processing the bed linens, uniforms and other assorted linen items utilized by a client facility.
Dietary consists of managing the client’s dietary department which is principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and providing dietitian consulting professional services, which includes the development of a menu that meets the patient’s dietary needs.
Effective in the second half of 2015, the Company expects to transition its workers compensation and certain employee health & welfare insurance programs to HCSG Insurance Corp. ("HCSG Insurance"), its wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary. HCSG Insurance currently provides general liability coverage to the Company. HCSG Insurance was formed in January 2014 to provide the Company with greater flexibility and cost efficiency in meeting its property & casualty and health & welfare needs.
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Consolidated Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage which certain items bear to consolidated revenues:

| Relation to Consolidated Revenues
| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014
Revenues | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |
Costs of services provided | 85.6 | % |  | 85.7 | %
Selling, general and administrative | 7.5 | % |  | 7.1 | %
Investment and interest income | 0.1 | % |  | 0.1 | %
Income before income taxes | 7.0 | % |  | 7.3 | %
Income taxes | 2.7 | % |  | 2.7 | %
Net income | 4.3 | % |  | 4.6 | %

Housekeeping is our largest and core reportable segment, representing approximately 64% of consolidated revenues for the first quarter 2015. Dietary revenues represented approximately 36% of consolidated revenues for the first quarter 2015.
Subject to the factors noted in the Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements included in this report, although there can be no assurance thereof, our financial performance for the remainder of 2015 may be comparable to historical ranges as they relate to consolidated revenues. Specifically, each of Housekeeping's and Dietary’s revenues, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, should remain approximately the same as their respective percentages noted above. Furthermore, we expect the sources of organic growth for the remainder of 2015 for the respective operating segments will be primarily the same as historically experienced. Accordingly, although there can be no assurance thereof, the growth in Dietary is expected to come from our current Housekeeping client base, while growth in Housekeeping will primarily come from obtaining new clients.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 and 2014
The following table sets forth the first quarter 2015 income statement key components that we use to evaluate our financial performance on a consolidated and reportable segment basis compared to first quarter 2014 amounts. The differences between the reportable segments’ operating results and other disclosed data and our consolidated financial statements relate primarily to corporate level transactions and recording of transactions at the reportable segment level which use methods other than generally accepted accounting principles.

| Reportable Segments — For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Housekeeping |  | Dietary
| Consolidated |  | % Change |  | Corporate & Eliminations |  | Amount |  | % Change |  | Amount |  | % Change
Revenues | $ | 355,246,000 |  |  | 13.8 | % |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 226,581,000 |  |  | 10.7 | % |  | $ | 128,665,000 |  |  | 19.8 | %
Cost of services provided | 303,936,000 |  |  | 13.7 |  |  | (21,788,000 | ) |  | 205,964,000 |  |  | 10.7 |  |  | 119,760,000 |  |  | 19.0 |
Selling, general and administrative | 26,763,000 |  |  | 21.4 |  |  | 26,763,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investment and interest income | 507,000 |  |  | 33.1 |  |  | 507,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 25,054,000 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | $ | (4,468,000 | ) |  | $ | 20,617,000 |  |  | 9.9 | % |  | $ | 8,905,000 |  |  | 31.3 | %

| Reportable Segments — For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
| Consolidated |  | Corporate & Eliminations |  | Housekeeping |  | Dietary
Revenues | $ | 312,165,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 204,741,000 |  |  | $ | 107,424,000 |
Cost of services provided | 267,371,000 |  |  | (19,262,000 | ) |  | 185,989,000 |  |  | 100,644,000 |
Selling, general and administrative | 22,046,000 |  |  | 22,046,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investment and interest income | 381,000 |  |  | 381,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 23,129,000 |  |  | $ | (2,403,000 | ) |  | $ | 18,752,000 |  |  | $ | 6,780,000 |

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Revenues
Consolidated
Consolidated revenues increased 13.8% to $355,246,000 in the first quarter 2015 compared to $312,165,000 in the first quarter 2014 as a result of the factors discussed below under Reportable Segments.
Reportable Segments
Housekeeping’s 10.7% net growth in reportable segment revenues resulted primarily from an increase in revenues attributable to service agreements entered into with new clients.
Dietary’s 19.8% net growth in reportable segment revenues is primarily a result of providing this service to a greater number of existing Housekeeping clients.
Costs of services provided
Consolidated
Consolidated costs of services increased 13.7% to $303,936,000 in the first quarter 2015 compared to $267,371,000 in the first quarter 2014. The increase in costs of services is a direct result of growth in our consolidated revenues. Certain significant components within our costs of services are subject to fluctuation with the changes in our business and client base. The increase in such components during 2015 compared to 2014 includes labor and other labor related costs, housekeeping and dietary supplies, workers' compensation and general liability insurance and our bad debt provision. Historically, these significant components have accounted for approximately 97% to 98% of consolidated costs of services.
As a percentage of consolidated revenues, cost of services decreased to 85.6% in the first quarter 2015 from 85.7% in the first quarter 2014. The following table provides a comparison of the primary cost of services provided-key indicators that we manage on a consolidated basis in evaluating our financial performance.

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Cost of Services Provided-Key Indicators as % of Consolidated Revenue | 2015 % |  | 2014 % |  | % Change
Bad debt provision | 0.3 |  | 0.2 |  | 0.1
Workers’ compensation and general liability insurance | 3.3 |  | 3.1 |  | 0.2

The bad debt provision increased primarily due to our assessment of the collectability of our receivables.
The workers' compensation and general liability insurance expense increased primarily due to less favorable claims' experience during the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the comparable 2014 period.
Reportable Segments
Cost of services provided for Housekeeping, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues for the first quarter 2015, slightly increased to 90.9% from 90.8% in the first quarter 2014. Cost of services provided for Dietary, as a percentage of Dietary revenues for the first quarter 2015, decreased to 93.1% from 93.7% in the first quarter 2014.
The following table provides a comparison of the primary cost of services provided-key indicators, as a percentage of the respective segment’s revenues that we manage on a reportable segment basis in evaluating our financial performance:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Cost of Services Provided-Key Indicators as % of Segment Revenue | 2015 % |  | 2014 % |  | % Change
Housekeeping labor and other labor costs | 78.9 |  | 80.3 |  | (1.4)
Housekeeping supplies | 8.5 |  | 8.0 |  | 0.5
Dietary labor and other labor costs | 51.8 |  | 50.4 |  | 1.4
Dietary supplies | 38.0 |  | 40.6 |  | (2.6)

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Housekeeping labor and other labor costs, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues, decreased due to increased efficiencies in managing these costs at the facility level. The increase in Housekeeping supplies, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues, resulted primarily from an increase in supplies due to the growth in housekeeping, laundry and linen revenue compared to overall Housekeeping revenues.
Dietary labor and other labor costs, as a percentage of Dietary revenues, increased due to inefficiencies recognized in managing these costs at the facility level. The decrease in Dietary supplies, as a percentage of Dietary revenues, is a result of the efficient management of these costs and more favorable vendor pricing programs obtained through further consolidation of dietary supply vendors. Additionally, we experienced an increase in the number of clients that spent less on food and supplies compared to the majority of our Dietary revenues. This shift within our Dietary segment impacted the trends on the key indicators as a percentage of Dietary revenues.
Consolidated Selling, General and Administrative Expense

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Selling, general and administrative expense w/o deferred compensation change (a) | $ | 26,395,000 |  |  | $ | 21,769,000 |  |  | $ | 4,626,000 |  |  | 21.3 | %
Deferred compensation fund gain | 368,000 |  |  | 277,000 |  |  | 91,000 |  |  | 32.9 | %
Consolidated selling, general and administrative expense (b) | $ | 26,763,000 |  |  | $ | 22,046,000 |  |  | $ | 4,717,000 |  |  | 21.4 | %

(a) | Selling, general and administrative expense excluding the change in the market value of the deferred compensation fund.

(b) | Consolidated selling, general and administrative expense reported for the period presented.

Although our growth in consolidated revenues was 13.8% for the first quarter 2015, selling, general and administrative expenses excluding the change in market value of the deferred compensation fund increased 21.3% or $4,626,000 compared to the first quarter 2014. Consequently, for the first quarter 2015, selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding the impact of the deferred compensation fund), as a percentage of consolidated revenues, increased to 7.4% compared to 7.0% for the first quarter 2014, primarily due to an increase in our payroll and payroll related expenses and professional fees from increase in business.
For the first quarter 2015, the portion of our consolidated selling, general and administrative expense attributable to deferred compensation increased $91,000 compared to the first quarter 2014. The increase in deferred compensation is a result of favorable market value fluctuations on the balance of investments held in our deferred compensation fund as noted below in Consolidated Investment and Interest Income. Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses increased $4,717,000 or 21.4%.
Consolidated Investment and Interest Income
Investment and interest income, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, remained constant at 0.1% for the first quarter 2015 compared to the first quarter 2014.
Income before Income Taxes
Consolidated
As a result of the factors discussed above related to revenues and expenses, consolidated income before income taxes for the first quarter 2015 decreased to 7.0%, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, compared to 7.3% for the first quarter 2014.
Reportable Segments
Housekeeping’s increase in income before income taxes is primarily attributable to the key indicators discussed above, specifically
the increase in reportable segment revenues and decrease in labor and labor related costs as a percentage of revenue, partially offset by the increase in housekeeping supplies as a percentage of revenue.
Dietary’s increase in income before income taxes is primarily attributable to the key indicators discussed above, specifically the increase in reportable segment revenues and decrease in dietary supplies as a percentage of revenue, partially offset by the increase in labor and labor related costs as a percentage of revenue.
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Consolidated Income Taxes
For the first quarter 2015, our effective tax rate was approximately 38%, an increase from the approximately 37% effective tax rate for the comparable 2014 period. Such differences between the effective tax rates and the applicable U.S. federal statutory rate arise primarily from the effect of state and local income taxes and tax credits available to the Company. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily due to the impact of tax credits realized in 2014 as compared to the current period.
Consolidated Net Income
As a result of the factors discussed above, consolidated net income as a percentage of revenue for the first quarter 2015 decreased to 4.3% compared to 4.6% in the first quarter 2014.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
We consider the policies discussed below to be critical to an understanding of our financial statements because their application places the most significant demands on our judgment. Therefore, it should be noted that financial reporting results rely on estimating the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Specific risks for these critical accounting policies and estimates are described in the following paragraphs. For these estimates and the best estimates routinely require adjustment. Any such adjustments or revisions to estimates could result in material differences to previously reported amounts.
The policies discussed are not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by accounting standards generally accepted in the United States, with no need for our judgment in their application. There are also areas in which our judgment in selecting another available alternative would not produce a materially different result. See our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, which contain accounting policies and other disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (the “Allowance”) is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for bad debts charged to earnings. The Allowance is evaluated based on our periodic review of accounts and notes receivable and is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.
We have had varying collection experience with respect to our accounts and notes receivable. When contractual terms are not met, we generally encounter difficulty in collecting amounts due from certain of our clients. Therefore, we have sometimes been required to extend the period of payment for certain clients beyond contractual terms. These clients include those who have terminated service agreements and slow payers experiencing financial difficulties. In making credit evaluations, in addition to analyzing and anticipating, where possible, the specific cases described above, we consider the general collection risks associated with trends in the long-term care industry. We also establish credit limits, perform ongoing credit evaluations, and monitor accounts to minimize the risk of loss.
In accordance with the risk of extending credit, we regularly evaluate our accounts and notes receivable for impairment or loss of value and when appropriate, will provide in our Allowance for such receivables. We generally follow a policy of reserving for receivables due from clients in bankruptcy, clients with which we are in litigation for collection and other slow paying clients. The reserve is based upon our estimates of ultimate collectability. Correspondingly, once our recovery of a receivable is determined through litigation, bankruptcy proceedings or negotiation to be less than the recorded amount on our balance sheet, we will charge-off the applicable amount to the Allowance.
Our methodology for the Allowance is based upon a risk-based evaluation of accounts and notes receivable associated with a client’s ability to make payments. Such Allowance generally consists of an initial amount established based upon criteria generally applied if and when a client account files bankruptcy, is placed for collection/litigation and/or is considered to be pending collection/litigation. The initial Allowance is adjusted either higher or lower when additional information is available to permit a more accurate estimate of the collectability of an account.
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Summarized below for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and year ended December 31, 2014 are the aggregate account balances for the three Allowance criteria noted above, net write-offs of client accounts, bad debt provision and allowance for doubtful accounts.

Period Ended | Aggregate Balances of Identified Client Accounts |  | Net Write-offs of Client Accounts |  | Bad Debt Provision |  | Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
March 31, 2015 | $ | 15,033,000 |  |  | $ | 2,709,000 |  |  | $ | 925,000 |  |  | $ | 4,352,000 |
December 31, 2014 | $ | 14,903,000 |  |  | $ | 2,253,000 |  |  | $ | 4,470,000 |  |  | $ | 6,136,000 |

At March 31, 2015, we identified accounts totaling $15,033,000 that require an Allowance based on potential impairment or loss of value. An Allowance totaling $4,352,000 was provided for these accounts at such date. Actual collections of these accounts could differ from that which we currently estimate. If our actual collection experience is 5% less than our estimate, the related increase to our Allowance would decrease net income by approximately $331,000.
Notwithstanding our efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, our clients could be adversely affected if future industry trends, as more fully discussed under Liquidity and Capital Resources below, and as further described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 in Part I, Item 1A under “Risk Factors”, and Part I, Item 1 “Government Regulation of Clients” and “Service Agreements/Collections”, change in such a manner as to negatively impact the cash flows of our clients. If our clients experience a negative impact in their cash flows, it would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Accrued Insurance Claims
We currently have a Paid Loss Retrospective Insurance Plan for general liability and workers’ compensation insurance, which comprise approximately 40% of our liabilities at March 31, 2015. Under our insurance plans for general liability and workers' compensation, predetermined loss limits are arranged with our insurance company to limit both our per occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost. Our accounting for this plan is affected by various uncertainties because we must make assumptions and apply judgment to estimate the ultimate cost to settle reported claims and claims incurred but not reported as of the balance sheet date. We address these uncertainties by regularly evaluating our claims’ pay-out experience, present value factor and other factors related to the nature of specific claims in arriving at the basis for our accrued insurance claims estimate. Our evaluations are based primarily on current information derived from reviewing our claims experience and industry trends. In the event that our claims experience and/or industry trends result in an unfavorable change resulting from, among other factors, the severity levels of reported claims and medical cost inflation, as compared to historical claim trends, it would have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Under these plans, predetermined loss limits are arranged with an insurance company to limit both our per-occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost.
For workers’ compensation and general liability, we record a reserve for the estimated future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled, including an estimate of claims incurred but not reported that are developed as a result of a review of our historical data and open claims, which is based on estimates provided by a third party actuary.
Asset Valuations and Review for Potential Impairment
We review our fixed assets, deferred income taxes, goodwill and other intangible assets at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. This review requires that we make assumptions regarding the value of these assets and the changes in circumstances that would affect the carrying value of these assets. If such analysis indicates that a possible impairment may exist, we are then required to estimate the fair value of the asset and, as deemed appropriate, expense all or a portion of the asset. The determination of fair value includes numerous uncertainties, such as the impact of competition on future value. We believe that we have made reasonable estimates and judgments in determining whether our long-term assets have been impaired; however, if there is a material change in the assumptions used in our determination of fair value or if there is a material change in economic conditions or circumstances influencing fair value, we could be required to recognize certain impairment charges in the future. As a result of our most recent reviews, no changes in asset values were required.
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Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences related to temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for tax purposes at each year-end, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established when necessary based on the weight of available evidence, if it is considered more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Income tax expense is the sum of current income tax plus the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities.
We are subject to Federal income taxes and numerous state and local income taxes. The determination of the income tax provision is an inherently complex process, requiring management to interpret continually changing regulations and to make certain significant judgments. Our assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to the amount of deferred income taxes take into account scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, recent financial operations, estimates of the amount of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies. Actual operating results in future years could render our current assumptions, judgments and estimates inaccurate. No assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which is reflected in the Company’s historical income tax provisions and accruals. The Company adjusts these items in light of changing facts and circumstances. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences could have a material effect on the income tax provisions or benefits in the periods in which such determinations are made.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At March 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of $70,147,000 and working capital of $230,282,000 compared to December 31, 2014 cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $87,079,000 and working capital of $216,869,000. We view our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities as our principal measure of liquidity. Our current ratio at March 31, 2015 increased to 3.3 to 1 from 2.8 to 1 at December 31, 2014. The increase in our working capital resulted primarily from the increases in our marketable securities, accounts and notes receivable and prepaid expenses and other and decreases in our accounts payable, accrued payroll and payroll taxes and other accrued expenses primarily resulting from the time of such payments at March 31, 2015 as compared with December 31, 2014. This increase was partially negatively impacted by the decreases in our cash and cash equivalents, inventories and supplies, deferred tax assets and prepaid income taxes and increases in our income taxes payable and accrued insurance claims. On an historical basis, our operations have generally produced consistent cash flow and have required limited capital resources. We believe our current and near term cash flow positions will enable us to fund our anticipated growth.
Operating Activities
The net cash used in our operating activities was $6,204,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015. Our cash flows from operating activities were negatively impacted by outflows of $36,334,000 as a result of the increases in accounts and notes receivable and prepaid expenses and other assets and decreases in accounts payabale, other accrued expenses and accrued payroll and payroll taxes. These operating cash outflows were partially offset by our principal sources of net cash flows such as net income, adjusted for non-cash charges to operations for bad debt provisions, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes and unrealized gains and losses, which totaled $19,489,000. Additionally, operating activities' cash flows totaled $10,641,000 and related to the decreases in prepaid income taxes, inventories and supplies and deferred compensation funding and the increases in accrued insurance claims, deferred compensation liability and income taxes payable.
Investing Activities
The net cash used in our investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was $1,538,000. The principal uses of net cash flows from investing activities was $143,000 of net purchases of marketable securities and $1,436,000 for the purchase of housekeeping equipment, computer software and equipment, laundry equipment installations and office furniture. See “Capital Expenditures” below.
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Financing Activities
On March 27, 2015, we paid to shareholders of record on February 20, 2015, a regular cash dividend of $0.17625 per common share or $12,655,000 in the aggregate.
Additionally, on April 14, 2015, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.17750 per common share, which will be paid on June 26, 2015, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on May 22, 2015.
The dividends paid to shareholders during the three months ended March 31, 2015 were in excess of cash flows during the given period, and therefore, were funded by the existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held by the Company. At March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had $70,147,000 and $87,079,000, respectively, in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. Our Board of Directors reviews our dividend policy on a quarterly basis. Although there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends or the amount of the dividend, we expect to continue to pay a regular quarterly cash dividend. In connection with the establishment of our dividend policy, we adopted a Dividend Reinvestment Plan in 2003.
During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we received proceeds of $2,884,000 from the exercise of stock options by employees and directors. Additionally, as a result of tax deductions derived from the stock option exercises, we recognized an income tax benefit of $499,000.
Line of Credit
We have a $125,000,000 bank line of credit on which we may draw to meet short-term liquidity requirements in excess of internally generated cash flow. Amounts drawn under the line of credit are payable upon demand. At March 31, 2015, there were no borrowings under the line of credit. However, at such date, we had outstanding a $71,415,000 (increased to $73,696,000 on April 1, 2015) irrevocable standby letter of credit which relates to payment obligations under our insurance programs. As a result of the letter of credit issued, the amount available under the line of credit was reduced by $71,415,000 at March 31, 2015.
The line of credit requires us to satisfy one financial covenant. Such covenant and its respective status at March 31, 2015 was as follows:

Covenant Description and Requirement | Status at March 31, 2015
Funded debt(1) to EBITDA(2) ratio: less than 3.00 to 1.00 | 1.10 |

(1) | All indebtedness for borrowed money, including but not limited to capitalized lease obligations, reimbursement obligations in respect of letters of credit and guaranties of any such indebtedness.

(2) | Net income plus interest expense plus income tax expense plus depreciation plus amortization plus extraordinary non-recurring losses/gains.

As noted above, we complied with our financial covenant at March 31, 2015 and expect to continue to remain in compliance with such financial covenant. This line of credit has a five year term and expires on December 18, 2018.
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Accounts and Notes Receivable
We expend considerable effort to collect the amounts due for our services on the terms agreed upon with our clients. Many of our clients participate in programs funded by federal and state governmental agencies which historically have encountered delays in making payments to its program participants. Congress has enacted a number of laws during the past decade that have significantly altered, or may alter, overall government reimbursement for nursing home services. Because our clients’ revenues are generally dependent on Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement funding rates and mechanisms, the overall effect of these laws and trends in the long term care industry have affected and could adversely affect the liquidity of our clients, resulting in their inability to make payments to us on agreed upon payment terms. These factors, in addition to delays in payments from clients, have resulted in and could continue to result in significant additional bad debts in the near future. Whenever possible, when a client falls behind in making agreed-upon payments, we convert the unpaid accounts receivable to interest bearing promissory notes. The promissory notes receivable provide a means by which to further evidence the amounts owed and provide a definitive repayment plan and therefore may ultimately enhance our ability to collect the amounts due. At March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had $17,215,000 and $16,945,000, net of reserves, respectively, of such promissory notes outstanding. Additionally, we consider restructuring service agreements from full service to management-only service in the case of certain clients experiencing financial difficulties. We believe that such restructurings may provide us with a means to maintain a relationship with the client while at the same time minimizing collection exposure.
Many states have significant budget deficits. State Medicaid programs are experiencing increased demand, and with lower revenues than projected, they have fewer resources to support their Medicaid programs. In addition, comprehensive health care legislation under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (together, the “Act”) was signed into law in March 2010. The Act will continue to significantly impact the governmental healthcare programs in which our clients participate, and reimbursements received thereunder from governmental or third-party payors. Effective October 1, 2011, a rule enacted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) reduced Medicare payments to nursing centers by 11.1% and changed the reimbursement for the provision of group rehabilitation therapy services to Medicare beneficiaries. Furthermore, during the remainder of 2015 and in coming years, new proposals or additional changes in existing regulations could be made to the Act and/or CMS could propose additional reimbursement reductions which could directly impact the governmental reimbursement programs in which our clients participate. As a result, some state Medicaid programs are reconsidering previously approved increases in nursing home reimbursement or are considering delaying or foregoing those increases. A few states have indicated it is possible they will run out of cash to pay Medicaid providers, including nursing homes. In addition, certain states have rejected Federal Medicaid assistance under the Act and may continue to do so. Any negative changes in our clients’ reimbursements may negatively impact our results of operations. Although we continually evaluate the Act’s effect on our client base, we may not know the full effect until such time as these laws are fully implemented and CMS and other agencies issue applicable regulations or guidance.
In January 2013, the U.S. Congress enacted the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which delayed automatic spending cuts of $1.2 trillion, including reduced Medicare payments to plans and providers up to 2%. These discretionary spending caps were originally enacted under provisions in the Budget Control Act of 2011, an initiative to reduce the federal deficit through the year 2021, also known as “sequestration.” The sequestration went into effect starting March 2013. In December 2013, the U.S. Congress enacted the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, which reduces the impact of the sequestration for two years, beginning in fiscal year 2014 and extended the reduction in Medicare payments to plans and providers for two years through the year 2023.
We have had varying collection experience with respect to our accounts and notes receivable. When contractual terms are not met, we generally encounter difficulty in collecting amounts due from certain of our clients. Therefore, we have sometimes been required to extend the period of payment for certain clients beyond contractual terms. These clients include those who have terminated service agreements and slow payers experiencing financial difficulties. In order to provide for these collection problems and the general risk associated with the granting of credit terms, we have recorded bad debt provisions (in an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) of $925,000 and $750,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As a percentage of total revenues, these provisions represent approximately 0.3% and 0.2% for such respective periods. In making our credit evaluations, in addition to analyzing and anticipating, where possible, the specific cases described above, we consider the general collection risk associated with trends in the long-term care industry. We also establish credit limits, perform ongoing credit evaluation and monitor accounts to minimize the risk of loss. Notwithstanding our efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, our clients could be adversely affected if future industry trends change in such a manner as to negatively impact their cash flows. If our clients experience a negative impact in their cash flows, it would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
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Insurance Programs
We self-insure or carry a high deductible, and therefore retain a substantial portion of the risk associated with the expected losses under our general liability and workers compensation programs. Under our insurance plans for general liability and workers’ compensation, predetermined loss limits are arranged with our insurance company to limit both our per occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost. Our accounting for this plan is affected by various uncertainties, such as historical claims, pay-out experience, demographic factors, industry trends, severity factors, and other actuarial assumptions calculated by a third party actuary. Evaluations of our accrued insurance claims estimate as of the balance sheet date are based primarily on current information derived from our actuarial valuations which assist in quantifying and valuing these trends. In the event that our claims experience and/or industry trends result in an unfavorable change resulting from, among other factors, the severity levels of reported claims and medical cost inflation, as compared to historical claim trends, it would have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Under these plans, predetermined loss limits are arranged with an insurance company to limit both our per-occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost.
For workers’ compensation and general liability, we record a reserve for the estimated future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled, including an estimate of claims incurred but not reported that are developed as a result of a review of our historical data and open claims, which is based on estimates provided by a third party actuary.
Capital Expenditures
The level of capital expenditures is generally dependent on the number of new clients obtained. Such capital expenditures primarily consist of housekeeping equipment purchases, laundry and linen equipment installations, and computer hardware and software. Although we have no specific material commitments for capital expenditures through the end of calendar year 2015, we estimate that for the remainder of 2015 we will have capital expenditures of approximately $4,500,000 to $6,000,000 in connection with housekeeping equipment purchases and laundry and linen equipment installations in our clients’ facilities, as well as expenditures relating to internal data processing hardware and software requirements, computer equipment and office equipment. We believe that our cash from operations, existing cash and cash equivalents balance and credit line will be adequate for the foreseeable future to satisfy the needs of our operations and to fund our anticipated growth. However, should these sources not be sufficient, we would, if necessary, seek to obtain necessary working capital from such sources as long-term debt or equity financing.
Material Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements, other than our irrevocable standby letter of credit previously discussed.
Effects of Inflation
Although there can be no assurance thereof, we believe that in most instances we will be able to recover increases in costs attributable to inflation by passing through such cost increases to our clients.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
At March 31, 2015, we had $70,147,000 in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the fair value of all of our cash equivalents and marketable securities is determined based on "Level 1" or “Level 2” inputs, which consist of quoted prices whose value is based upon quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. We place our cash investments in instruments that meet credit quality standards, as specified in our investment policy guidelines.
Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate investments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their market value adversely impacted due to an increase in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or if there is a decline in the fair value of our investments.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), such as this Form 10-Q, is reported in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on their evaluation as of March 31, 2015, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believe our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act 13a-15(e) are effective.
In connection with the evaluation pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(d) of our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) by our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, no changes during the quarter ended March 31, 2015, were identified that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Certifications
Certifications of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer regarding, among other items, disclosure controls and procedures are included as exhibits to this Form 10-Q.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION.
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in various administrative and legal proceedings, including labor and employment, contracts, personal injury, and insurance matters. The Company believes it is not a party to, nor are any of its properties the subject of, any pending legal proceeding or governmental examination that would have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial condition or liquidity. However, in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, the ultimate outcome of a particular matter could become material to the Company’s results of operations for a particular period depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of the Company’s operating income for that period.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There has been no material change in the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
On February 19, 2015, the Company issued 176,000 shares of contingent consideration to the selling stockholders of Platinum Health Services, LLC. The issuance of such shares were completed in accordance with the exemption provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
On January 5, 2015, certain executive officers and directors were granted stock options to purchase 97,000 shares, in the aggregate, at an exercise price equal to the then current fair market value of $30.30 per share. Additionally, certain executive officers were also granted 22,000 shares of restricted stock with a weighted average grant date fair value of $30.30.
Item 6. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Report:

Exhibit Number |  | Description
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
32.1 |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
101 |  | The following financial information from the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant had duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP, INC.
Date: | April 23, 2015 |  | /s/ Daniel P. McCartney
|  |  | Daniel P. McCartney
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: | April 23, 2015 |  | /s/ John C. Shea
|  |  | John C. Shea
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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