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Stock-Based Compensation | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Stock-Based Compensation | Note 10—Stock-Based Compensation The components of the Company’s stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018
| (in thousands) |  |
Stock options | $ | 664 |  | $ | 771
Restricted stock and restricted stock units | 992 |  | 637
Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 182 |  | 161
Total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense charged against income 1 | $ | 1,838 |  | $ | 1,569
1. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. At March 31, 2019, the unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options and awards was $21.7 million. The weighted average period over which these awards will vest is approximately 3.2 years. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan The Company’s Second Amended and Restated 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) provides that current or prospective officers, employees, non-employee directors and advisors can receive share-based awards such as stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock awards. The Plan seeks to promote the highest level of performance by providing an economic interest in the long-term success of the Company. As of March 31, 2019, 3.6 million shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the Plan, including 0.6 million shares available for future grant. No stock award will have a term in excess of 10 years. All awards granted under the Plan become vested and exercisable ratably over a 5 years period on each yearly anniversary of the grant date. The Nominating, Compensation and Stock Option Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for determining the terms of the grants in accordance with the Plan. Stock Options A summary of stock options outstanding under the Plan as of December 31, 2018 and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:
| Stock Options Outstanding |  |
| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
| (in thousands) |  |
December 31, 2018 | 2,121 |  | $ | 31.53
Granted | 188 |  | $ | 40.49
Exercised | (68) |  | $ | 27.15
Forfeited | (5) |  | $ | 36.37
Expired | (2) |  | $ | 13.68
March 31, 2019 | 2,234 |  | $ | 32.42
The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $8.18 and $10.48 per common share, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $0.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively. The fair value of stock option awards granted in 2019 and 2018 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018
Risk-free interest rate | 2.5 | % |  | 2.1 | %
Weighted average expected life | 5.7 years |  | 5.8 years
Expected volatility | 22.6 | % |  | 21.4 | %
Dividend yield | 1.9 | % |  | 1.5 | %
The following table summarizes other information about the stock options at March 31, 2019:
| March 31, 2019
| (amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Outstanding: |
Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | 9,137
Weighted average remaining contractual life | 6.0 years
Exercisable: |
Number of options | 1,364
Weighted average exercise price | $ | 27.84
Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | 8,912
Weighted average remaining contractual life | 4.8 years
Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock The fair value of outstanding restricted stock units and restricted stock was determined based on the market price of the shares on the date of grant. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company granted 0.2 million restricted stock units with a weighted average grant date fair value of $40.49 per unit. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company granted 0.1 million restricted stock units with a weighted average grant date fair value of $52.06 per share. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not grant any restricted stock. A summary of the outstanding restricted stock units and restricted stock as of December 31, 2018 and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:
| Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock |  |
| Number |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
| (in thousands) |  |
December 31, 2018 | 241 |  | $ | 45.47
Granted | 194 |  | $ | 40.49
Vested | (60) |  | $ | 42.91
Forfeited | (1) |  | $ | 52.06
March 31, 2019 | 374 |  | $ | 43.29
Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") is currently available through 2021 to all eligible employees. All full-time and part-time employees who work an average of 20 hours per week and have completed two years of continuous service with the Company are eligible to participate. Annual offerings commence and terminate on the respective year’s first and last calendar day. Under the ESPP, the Company is authorized to issue up to 4.1 million shares of its common stock to its employees. Pursuant to such authorization, there are 2.2 million shares available for future grant at March 31, 2019. The expense associated with the options granted under the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018
Risk-free interest rate | 2.57% |  |  | 1.89% |
Weighted average expected life (years) | 1.0 |  | 1.0
Expected volatility | 30.8% |  |  | 20.8% |
Dividend yield | 1.9% |  |  | 1.4% |
Deferred Compensation Plan The Company offers a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) for executives and certain key employees. The SERP allows participants to defer a portion of their earned income on a pre-tax basis and as of the last day of each plan year, each participant will be credited with a match of a portion of their deferral in the form of the Company’s common stock based on the then-current market value. Under the SERP, the Company is authorized to issue 1.0 million shares of its common stock to its employees. Pursuant to such authorization, the Company has 0.4 million shares available for future grant at March 31, 2019. At the time of issuance, such shares are accounted for at cost as treasury stock. The following table summarizes information about the SERP during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018
| (in thousands) |  |
SERP expense 1 | $ | 169 |  | $ | 191
Unrealized gain recorded in SERP liability account | $ | 3,418 |  | $ | 231
1. Both the SERP match and the deferrals are included in the selling, general and administrative caption in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2208855 + Details
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