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Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies | Note 1—Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies Nature of Operations Healthcare Services Group, Inc. (the “Company”) provides management, administrative and operating expertise and services to the housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and dietary service departments predominantly to clients within the healthcare industry, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. Although the Company does not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, the Company’s customers receive government reimbursements related to Medicare and Medicaid. Therefore, the Company’s customers are directly affected by any legislation relating to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs. The Company provides services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with its customers. In such agreements, the Company is responsible for the day-to-day management of its employees located at the customers’ facilities, as well as for the provision of certain supplies. The Company also provides services on the basis of management-only agreements for a limited number of customers. In a management-only agreement, the Company provides management and supervisory services while the customer facility retains payroll responsibility for the non-supervisory staff. The agreements with customers typically provide for a renewable one year service term, cancellable by either party upon 30 to 90 days’ notice after an initial period of 60 to 120 days. The Company is organized into two reportable segments: housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services (“Housekeeping”), and dietary department services (“Dietary”). Housekeeping consists of managing the customers’ housekeeping departments, which are principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of resident rooms and common areas of a customer’s facility, as well as the laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms, resident personal clothing and other assorted linen items utilized at a customer facility. Dietary consists of managing the customers’ dietary departments, which are principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and dietitian professional services, which includes the development of menus that meet residents’ dietary needs. Unaudited Interim Financial Data The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the requirements of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows. However, in the Company’s opinion, all adjustments which are of a normal recurring nature and are necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected in these consolidated financial statements. The balance sheet shown in this report as of December 31, 2024 has been derived from the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period. Use of Estimates in Financial Statements In preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, estimates and assumptions are made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates are used in determining, but are not limited to, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts, accrued insurance claims, deferred taxes and reviews for potential impairment. The estimates are based upon various factors including current and historical trends, as well as other pertinent industry and regulatory authority information. Management regularly evaluates this information to determine if it is necessary to update the basis for its estimates and to adjust for known changes. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents are held in U.S. financial institutions or in custodial accounts with U.S. financial institutions. Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at time of purchase that are readily convertible into cash and have insignificant interest rate risk. The Company currently has bank deposits with financial institutions in the U.S. that exceed FDIC insurance limits. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amount reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| (in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 124,388 |  |  | $ | 56,776 |
Restricted cash equivalents 1 | 32 |  |  | 3,355 |
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents | $ | 124,420 |  |  | $ | 60,131 |
1.Restricted cash equivalents represent funds held in money market accounts pursuant to a Collateral Trust Agreement with the Company’s third-party insurer and a trustee whereby investments or money market funds are held in a trust account to benefit the insurer and are restricted for that purpose. The trust account was set up in conjunction with a reduction in the Company’s letters of credit collateral obligation for insurance obligations. Accounts and Notes Receivable Accounts and notes receivable consist of Housekeeping and Dietary segment trade receivables from contracts with customers. The Company’s payment terms with customers for services provided are defined within each customer’s service agreement. Accounts receivable are considered short term assets as the Company does not grant payment terms greater than one year. Accounts receivable initially are recorded at the transaction amount and are recorded after the Company has an unconditional right to payment where only the passage of time is required before payment is received. Each reporting period, the Company evaluates the collectability of outstanding receivable balances and records an allowance for doubtful accounts representing an estimate of future expected credit losses. Additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts are made by recording a charge to bad debt expense reported in costs of services provided. Notes receivable are initially recorded when accounts receivable are transferred into a promissory note and are recorded as an alternative to accounts receivable to memorialize an unqualified promise to pay a specific sum, typically with interest, in accordance with a defined payment schedule. Notes receivable are recorded at face value less any imputed interest assessed. The Company’s payment terms with customers on promissory notes can vary based on several factors and the circumstances of each promissory note, however most promissory notes mature over 1 to 5 years. Similar to accounts receivable, each reporting period the Company evaluates the collectability of outstanding notes receivable balances and records an allowance for doubtful accounts representing an estimate of future expected credit losses. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Management utilizes financial modeling to determine an allowance that reflects its best estimate of the lifetime expected credit losses on accounts and notes receivable which is recorded to offset the receivables. Modeling is prepared after considering historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts to estimate lifetime expected credit losses. Accounts and notes receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded as a reduction of bad debt expense when received. Inventories and Supplies Inventories and supplies include housekeeping, linen and laundry supplies, as well as food provisions and supplies. Non-linen inventories and supplies are stated on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis, and reduced as deemed necessary to approximate the lower of cost or net realizable value. Linen supplies are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life of 24 months. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers when or as the promised goods and services are provided to customers. Revenues are reported net of sales taxes that are collected from customers and remitted to taxing authorities. The amount of revenue recognized by the Company is based on the expected value of consideration to which the Company is entitled in exchange for providing the contracted goods and services and when it is probable that the Company will collect substantially all of such consideration. Refer to Note 3—Revenue herein for more regarding the Company’s revenue recognition policy. Leases The Company records assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets to recognize the rights and obligations arising from leasing arrangements with contractual terms greater than 12 months. A leasing arrangement includes any contract which entitles the Company to the right of use of an identified tangible asset where there are no restrictions as to the direction of use of the asset and the Company obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from the right of use. Income Taxes The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, income tax expense or benefits are recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current period. The Company accrues for probable tax obligations as required based on facts and circumstances in various regulatory environments. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. When appropriate, valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts for which realization is more likely than not. Uncertain income tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns are reflected within the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on a recognition and measurement process. On July 4, 2025, Congress enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”), which includes several changes to the Internal Revenue Code which may result in changes to the Company’s income tax expense. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of the OBBBA on income taxes. Earnings per Common Share Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares, such as those issuable upon exercise of stock options and upon the vesting of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), deferred stock units (“DSUs”) and performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”). Share-Based Compensation The Company estimates the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model for stock options, using a Monte Carlo simulation for PSUs and using the share price on the date of grant for RSUs and DSUs. The value of the award is recognized ratably as an expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income over the requisite service periods with adjustments made for forfeitures as they occur. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets of acquired businesses. Management reviews the carrying value of goodwill annually during the fourth quarter to assess for impairment or more often if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may exceed its estimated fair value. Other intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective useful lives. No impairment loss was recognized on the Company’s goodwill or other intangible assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024. Investments in Equity Securities The Company accounts for investments in equity securities using the equity method when the Company determines that it can exercise significant influence over the investee. The Company accounts for investments in equity securities at fair value when the Company determines that it cannot exercise significant influence over the investee. Investments in equity securities are recorded within “Other long-term assets” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s proportionate share of earnings or losses of the investee are recorded within “Investment and other income, net” on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company elects to record its proportionate share of earnings or losses in equity method investments using a three-month lag based on the most recently available financial statements. Concentrations of Credit Risk The Company’s financial instruments that are subject to credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents, marketable securities, restricted marketable securities, deferred compensation funding and accounts and notes receivable. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted marketable securities were held in two large financial institutions located in the United States. The Company’s marketable securities and restricted marketable securities are fixed income investments which are highly liquid and can be readily purchased or sold through established markets. The Company’s deferred compensation funding consists of fund and money market investments all of which are highly liquid and held in a trust account. The Company’s customers are concentrated in the healthcare industry and are primarily providers of long-term care. The revenues of many of the Company’s customers are highly reliant on Medicare, Medicaid and third party payors’ reimbursement funding rates. New legislation or changes in existing regulations could directly impact the governmental reimbursement programs in which the Company’s customers participate. As a result, the Company may not realize the full effects such programs may have on the Company’s customers until such new legislation or changes in existing regulations are fully implemented and governmental agencies issue applicable regulations or guidance. Customer Concentrations No single customer or customer group represented more than 10% of our consolidated revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024. Employee Retention Credit On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). The CARES Act provided an Employee Retention Credit (“ERC”), which allows for employers to claim a refundable tax credit against the employer share of Social Security tax equal to 50% of the qualified wages paid to employees from March 13, 2020 through December 31, 2020. The ERC was subsequently expanded in 2021 for employers to claim a refundable tax credit for 70% of the qualified wages paid to employees from January 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021. Refunds received by the Company and refunds obtained in any future periods are subject to IRS audit under the applicable statutes of limitations. The Company accounts for the ERC by analogy to International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance and recognizes income when there is reasonable assurance that the receipt of credits and compliance with the terms of the ERC are obtained. See Note 2—Employee Retention Credit for additional detail on ERC refunds received during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which amends the codification to enhance effective tax rate reconciliation disclosure requirements and provides clarity to the disclosures of income taxes paid, income before taxes and provision for income taxes. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company will adopt the guidance prospectively beginning with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2025. The Company does not believe that adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on the Company’s disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which amends the codification to enhance disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and addresses requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion) in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures. In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, which amends the codification to, among other changes, provide a practical expedient allowing public entities to assume that conditions as of the balance sheet date impacting the creditworthiness of receivables and contract assets will remain unchanged over their remaining lives when estimating expected credit losses. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2025-05 as of September 30, 2025 and apply the practical expedient to its accounts and notes receivables and contract assets arising from transactions within the scope of ASC 606. Adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendments update and improve the existing rules for internal-use software, including clarifying when capitalization of software development costs should begin, providing more operable criteria that better align with modern development practices (such as agile and iterative methods), and reducing diversity in practice for cloud computing arrangements. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, with prospective application required. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not, or are not believed by management to, have a material impact on the Company’s present or future consolidated financial statements.

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