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In-process R&D represents the fair value of incomplete research and development that has not yet reached technological feasibility. 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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the year ended December 31, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-36362

BioLife Solutions, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 94-3076866
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification No.)

3303 MONTE VILLA PARKWAY, SUITE 310, BOTHELL, Washington, 98021

(Address of registrant’s principal executive offices, Zip Code)

(425) 402-1400

(Telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading symbol ($) | Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | BLFS | NASDAQ Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (S232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such said files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☑ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☑ Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of common equity (based on closing price on June 30, 2021 of $44.51 per share) held by non-affiliates was approximately $1,433,451,805.

As of March 16, 2022, 42,094,963 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

|  | Page No.
PART I
ITEM 1. | BUSINESS | 4
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS | 12
ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS | 22
ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES | 23
ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 23
ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 23
PART II
ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES | 23
ITEM 6. | SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA | 24
ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 24
ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK | 37
ITEM 8. | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 38
| INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 38
| REPORTS OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS | 39
ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE | 80
ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 81
ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION | 84
ITEM 9C. | DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTION THAT PREVENTS INSPECTIONS | 84
PART III
ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | 82
ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | 87
ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | 95
ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE | 97
ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES | 97
PART IV
ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES | 85
ITEM 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY | 86
| SIGNATURES | 87

2

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K” or “Annual Report”) contains forward-looking statements which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K do not constitute guarantees of future performance and actual results could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our products, including our newly acquired products, customers, regulatory approvals, the potential utility of and market for our products and services, our ability to implement our business strategy and anticipated business and operations, in particular following our acquisitions in 2021, 2020, and 2019, future financial and operational performance, our anticipated future growth strategy, including the acquisition of other synergistic cell and gene therapy manufacturing tools and services or technologies or other companies or technologies, capital requirements, intellectual property, suppliers, joint venture partners, future financial and operating results, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, plans, objectives, expectations and intentions, revenues, costs and expenses, interest rates, outcome of contingencies, business strategies, regulatory filings and requirements, the estimated potential size of markets, capital requirements, the terms of any capital financing agreements and other statements that are not historical facts. You can find many of these statements by looking for words like “believes”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “estimates”, “may”, “should”, “will”, “could”, “plan”, “intend”, or similar expressions in this Form 10-K. We intend that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbors created thereby.

These forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from current expectations and projections. Factors that might cause such a difference include those discussed under “Risk Factors”, as well as those discussed elsewhere in the Form 10-K.

You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Form 10-K or, in the case of documents referred to or incorporated by reference, the date of those documents.

All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-K or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as may be required under applicable U.S. securities law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements.

References throughout this Form 10-K to “BioLife Solutions, Inc.”, “BioLife”, “we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company” refer to BioLife Solutions, Inc. and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, unless the context otherwise indicates.

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PART I

ITEM 1. | BUSINESS

The following discussion of our business contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties (see the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” herein). Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those factors set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Overview

We develop, manufacture, and market bioproduction tools and services to the cell and gene therapy (“CGT”) industry and broader biopharma market, which are designed to improve quality and de-risk biologic manufacturing, storage, and distribution. Our products are used in basic and applied research and commercial manufacturing of biologic-based therapies. Customers use our products to maintain the health and function of biologic material during sourcing, manufacturing, storage, and distribution.

We currently operate as one bioproduction tools and services business which supports several steps in the biologic material manufacturing and delivery process. We have a diversified portfolio of tools and services that focus on biopreservation, cell processing, frozen biologic storage products and services, cold-chain transportation, and thawing of biologic materials. We have in-house expertise in cryobiology and continue to capitalize on opportunities to maximize the value of our product platform for our extensive customer base through both organic growth innovations and acquisitions.

COVID-19 Considerations

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak to be a pandemic. In the second quarter of 2021, we believe our quarterly revenues were affected by COVID-19. Sales of portable freezers were significantly higher in the second quarter than the third and fourth quarters. The weight of these units and their compatibility with prevailing global electrical outlets attracted governments, scholarly institutions, and others to choose them for the distribution of drugs and drug materials in the pandemic. As the pandemic continues, customers who have secured enough freezers to achieve their objectives are tapering purchases with the intent to maintain their existing fleet. In the third and fourth quarters of 2021, our freezer and thaw systems product line experienced supply chain disruptions related to sheet metal and electronic components that incorporate semiconductor chips that led to increased supplier pricing and delays in production. We believe that the supply chain risks that were present in these quarters have been significantly mitigated through the diversification of sheet metal suppliers and strategic agreements with electronic component suppliers. However, we cannot provide any assurance that a continued or prolonged global pandemic will not have additional negative impacts on our manufacturing and shipping processes or our product costs. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affects our future financial results and operations will depend on future developments which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the recurrence, severity and/or duration of the ongoing pandemic, and current or future domestic and international actions to contain and treat COVID-19.

We are following public and private sector policies and initiatives to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, such as the imposition of travel restrictions and the promotion of social distancing and work-from-home arrangements. We are taking a variety of measures to ensure the availability and functioning of our critical infrastructure, to promote the safety and security of our employees and to support the communities in which we operate. These measures include increasing our raw materials, manufacturing safety stock inventory for our biopreservation media and expanding availability of our biological and pharmaceutical storage, requiring remote working arrangements for employees who are not integral to physically making and shipping our products or who do not need specialized equipment to perform their work, restricting on-site visits by non-employees and implementing social distancing protocols, and investing in personal protective equipment. Beginning April 2, 2020, BioLife became actively engaged in managing the company COVID-19 response and protocols in accordance with federal, state and local regulations. BioLife has mandated mask wearing for all team members on-site throughout the pandemic per the guidelines and regulations in place. COVID-19 response is actively managed through daily reporting, contact tracing and quarantine guidelines as published by the CDC and state health departments in order to maintain safe working conditions. As a part of our COVID-19 response, on-site visitors have been limited to essential visitors only in order to reduce risk of transmission. Additionally, throughout the pandemic, BioLife has encouraged positions not essential to being on-site to work remotely in order to further reduce transmission rates and potential contact.

For further discussion of the risks relating to COVID-19, see “Our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic” in Item 1A. “Risk Factors”, below.

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Our products

Our bioproduction tools and services are comprised of three revenue lines that contain seven main offerings:

| ● | Cell processing
|  | ○ | Biopreservation media
|  | ○ | Human platelet lysate media (“hPL”), cryogenic vials, and automated cell-processing fill machines
| ● | Freezers and thaw systems
|  | ○ | Ultra-low temperature freezers
|  | ○ | Cryogenic freezers and accessories
|  | ○ | Automated thawing devices
| ● | Storage and cold chain services
|  | ○ | Biological and pharmaceutical material storage
|  | ○ | Cloud connected “smart” shipping containers

Cell processing

Biopreservation media

Our proprietary biopreservation media products, HypoThermosol® FRS and CryoStor®, are formulated to mitigate preservation-induced, delayed-onset cell damage and death, which result when cells and tissues are subjected to reduced temperatures. Our technology can provide our CGT customers with significant shelf life extension of biologic source material and final cell products, and can also greatly improve post-preservation cell and tissue viability and function. Our biopreservation media is serum-free, protein-free, fully defined, and manufactured under current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). We strive to source wherever possible, the highest available grade, multi-compendium raw materials. We estimate our media products have been incorporated in more than 530 customer clinical applications, including numerous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell and other cell types.

Stability (i.e. shelf-life) and functional recovery are crucial aspects of academic research and clinical practice in the biopreservation of biologic-based source material, intermediate derivatives, and isolated/derived/expanded cellular products and therapies. Limited stability is especially critical in the CGT field, where harvested cells and tissues will lose viability over time, if not maintained appropriately at normothermic body temperature (37ºC) or stored in a hypothermic state in an effective preservation medium. Chilling (hypothermia) is used to reduce metabolism and delay degradation of harvested cells and tissues. However, subjecting biologic material to hypothermic environments induces damaging molecular stress and structural changes. Although cooling successfully reduces metabolism (i.e., lowers demand for energy), various levels of cellular damage and death occur when using suboptimal methods. Traditional biopreservation media range from simple “balanced salt” (electrolyte) formulations to complex mixtures of electrolytes, energy substrates such as sugars, osmotic buffering agents and antibiotics. The limited stability, which results from the use of these traditional biopreservation media formulations, is a significant shortcoming that our optimized proprietary products address with great success.

Our scientific research activities over the last 20+ years enabled a detailed understanding of the molecular basis for the hypothermic and cryogenic (low-temperature induced) damage/destruction of cells through apoptosis and necrosis. This research led directly to the development of our HypoThermosol® FRS and CryoStor® technologies. Our proprietary biopreservation media products are specifically formulated to:

| ● | Minimize cell and tissue swelling

| ● | Reduce free radical levels upon formation

| ● | Maintain appropriate low temperature ionic balances

| ● | Provide regenerative, high-energy substrates to stimulate recovery upon warming

| ● | Avoid the creation of an acidic state (acidosis)

| ● | Inhibit the onset of apoptosis and necrosis

A key feature of our biopreservation media products is their “fully-defined” profile. All of our cGMP products are serum-free, protein-free and are formulated and filled using aseptic processing. We strive to use USP/Multicompendial grade or the highest quality available synthetic components. All of these features benefit prospective customers by facilitating the qualification process required to incorporate our products into their regulatory filings.

The results of independent testing demonstrate that our biopreservation media products significantly extend shelf-life and improve cell and tissue post-thaw viability and function. Our products have demonstrated improved biopreservation outcomes, including greatly extended shelf-life and post-thaw viability, across a broad array of cell and tissue types.

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Competing biopreservation media products are often formulated with simple isotonic media cocktails, animal serum, potentially a single sugar or human protein. A key differentiator of our proprietary HypoThermosol FRS formulation is the engineered optimization of the key ionic component concentrations for low temperature environments, as opposed to normothermic body temperature around 37°C, as found in culture media or saline-based isotonic formulas. Competing cryopreservation freeze media is often comprised of a single permeating cryoprotectant such as dimethyl sulfoxide (“DMSO”). Our CryoStor formulations incorporate multiple permeating and non-permeating cryoprotectant agents which allow for multiple mechanisms of protection and reduces the dependence on a single cryoprotectant. We believe that our products offer significant advantages over in-house formulations, or commercial “generic” preservation media, including, time savings, improved quality of components, more rigorous quality control release testing, cost effectiveness, and improved preservation efficacy.

We estimate that annual revenue from each customer commercial application in which our products are used could range from $500,000 to $2.0 million, if such application is approved and our customer commences large scale commercial manufacturing of the biologic-based therapy.

Human platelet lysate media, cryogenic vials and automated cell-processing fill machines

In September 2021, we acquired Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. (“Sexton”), a producer of bioproduction tools. Sexton's bioproduction tools portfolio includes human platelet lysates for cell expansion reducing risk and improving downstream performance over fetal bovine serum, human serum, and other chemically defined media, CellSeal® closed system vials that are purpose-built rigid containers used in CGT that can be filled manually or with high throughput systems, and automated cell processing machines that bring multiple processes traditionally performed by manual techniques under a higher level of control to protect therapies from loss or contamination.

Freezers and thaw systems

Ultra-low temperature freezers

In May 2021, we acquired Global Cooling, Inc. (“Global Cooling”), a manufacturer of class defining ultra-low temperature freezers. Global Cooling carries a portfolio of freezers that range in size from portable units to stationary upright freezers to accommodate a wide variety of use cases. Users can configure these freezers to achieve temperatures between -20°C and -86°C. The portfolio was designed to be environmentally friendly and energy efficient, using as little as 2.8 kWh/day at temperatures of -80°C. The freezers do not use compressor-based or cascade refrigeration systems. Instead, they use patented free-piston Stirling engine technology that uses fewer moving parts.

Cryogenic freezers and accessories

In November 2019, we acquired Custom Biogenic Systems, Inc. (“CBS”) a global leader in the design and manufacture of state-of-the-art liquid nitrogen laboratory freezers, cryogenic equipment and accessories. CBS’s Isothermal LN2 freezers are constructed with a patented system which stores liquid nitrogen in a jacketed space in the walls of the freezer. This dry storage method eliminates liquid nitrogen contact with stored specimens, reduces the risk of cross-contamination and provides increased user safety in a laboratory setting. To accommodate customer requirements, we offer customizable features including wide bodied and extended height. CBS’s high capacity controlled rate freezers (“HCFR”) are designed for large volume storage with customizable freezing programs and the ability to monitor conditions in real time.

To accompany the offerings of cryogenic freezer equipment, we supply equipment for storing critically important biological materials. This storage equipment includes upright freezer racks, chest freezer racks, liquid nitrogen freezer racks, canisters/cassettes and frames as well as laboratory boxes and dividers. Due to our onsite design and manufacturing capability, racks and canisters can be customized to address customers’ varying requirements.

In order to provide customers with a proactive approach to safety and monitoring of equipment containing liquefied gas, CBS offers VersalertTM, a patented wireless remote asset monitoring system that can monitor and record temperatures. Versalert has an intelligent mesh network system that enables customers to view current equipment conditions and receive alarm notification on smartphones, tablets or personal computers and maintain permanent electronic records for regulatory compliance and legal verification.

Automated thawing devices

In April 2019, we acquired Astero Bio Corporation (“Astero”), a provider of automated thawing devices. The ThawSTAR® line includes automated vial and cryobag thawing products that control the heat and timing of the thawing process of biologic material. Our customizable, automated, water-free thawing products use algorithmic programmed, heating plates to consistently bring biologic material from a frozen state to a liquid state in a controlled and consistent manner. This helps reduce damage during the temperature transition. The ThawSTAR products can reduce risks of contamination versus using a traditional water bath.

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Storage and cold chain services

Biological and pharmaceutical storage

In October 2020, we acquired SciSafe Holdings, Inc. (“SciSafe”), a premier provider of biological and pharmaceutical storage. In addition to providing storage services, SciSafe provides cold chain logistics that ensures materials are kept at target temperatures from the moment that the materials leave the customer’s premises to their ultimate return. State-of-the-art monitoring systems employed by SciSafe allow for customers to monitor the storage temperatures of their materials throughout the entire logistics chain.

We operate six storage facilities in the USA and one facility in the Netherlands.

Cloud connected “smart” shipping containers

In August 2019, we acquired the remaining shares of SAVSU Technologies, Inc. (“SAVSU”) we did not previously own. SAVSU is a leading developer and supplier of next generation cold chain management tools for cell and gene therapies. The evo.is cloud app allows biologic products to be traced and tracked in real time. Our evo platform consists of rentable cloud-connected shippers and include technologies that enable tracking software to provide real-time information on geolocation, payload temperature, ambient temperature, tilt of shipper, humidity, altitude, and real-time alerts when a shipper has been opened. Our internally developed evo.is software allows customers to customize alert notifications both in data measurements and user requirements. The evo Dry Vapor Shipper (“DVS”) is specifically marketed to cell and gene therapies. The evo DVS has improved form factor and ergonomics over the traditional dewar, including extended thermal performance, reduced liquid nitrogen recharge time, improved payload extractors and ability to maintain temperature for longer periods on its side.

We utilize couriers who already have established logistic channels and distribution centers. Our strategy greatly reduces the cash need to build out specialized facilities around the world. Our partnerships with several white glove couriers allow us to scale our sales and marketing effort by utilizing their salesforce. Our courier partnerships market our evo platform to their existing cell and gene therapy customers as a cost effective and innovative solution. We also market directly to our existing and prospective customers who can utilize the evo platform through our courier partnerships.

Our market opportunity

The CGT market has been rapidly expanding, treating diseases once thought incurable. According to the Alliance for Regenerative Medicine (“ARM”), “2022 State of the Industry Report” there were over 2,200 ongoing clinical trials utilizing regenerative medicine at the end of Q3 2021, including over 1,100 industry-sponsored clinical trials. Six new products received approvals in 2021. ARM also reported there were over $23.1 billion in total global financings in the regenerative market raised in 2021. The FDA predicts ten to twenty cell and gene therapies per year will be approved by 2025.

These technologies change the way physicians treat patients. The manufacturing, distribution and the delivery process is significantly different from many other types of medicines and therapies. We believe we are well positioned to address many of the manufacturing difficulties in the process of producing cell and gene therapies.

The bioproduction process

Our products currently fulfill several steps in the bioproduction process for cell and gene therapies. See the diagram below from an illustration of this process and our product roles. We now offer products that integrate into the critical steps of preservation, thawing, fixed storage, and transportable storage under controlled conditions.

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Complementary products portfolio

Expanding Participation in Customers’ Workflow

Our strategy

We are focused on the development, production, and commercialization of differentiated, best-in-class products and services that facilitate the manufacturing, delivery and storage of cell and gene therapies and biologic materials. Our products are designed to increase our customers’ product yield and we are committed to supporting our customers with strong customer service and applications expertise.

We leverage our numerous relationships with the leading cell and gene therapy companies that use our expanded product portfolio of bioproduction tools and services to cross-sell our parts of the portfolio. Over the last several years, we have built a strong reputation as a trusted supplier of critical tools used in cell and gene therapy manufacturing and the broader biopharma market. We believe that our relationships and reputation could enable us to drive incremental revenue growth through the sale of additional products to a captive customer base. Our products are designed to increase our customers’ product yield and functionality, and we are committed to supporting our customers with strong customer service and our expertise associated with the clinical applications of our products.

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Business Operations

Research and development

Our research and development activity is focused on evaluating new potential disruptive technologies which may be applicable throughout the cell and gene therapy manufacturing workflow. We routinely assess and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of competitive products and are typically engaged in business development discussions on an ongoing basis. We strive to continue to introduce differentiated and high-quality products that address specific difficulties in manufacturing, delivery and storage of biologic material.

Sales and marketing

We market and sell our products through direct sales and third-party distribution. We have significantly expanded our global commercial organization from 11 team members in 2019 to 43 team members as of December 31, 2021.

We have experienced field-based sales employees who market our growing product portfolio on a direct basis. Over time, we have expanded and anticipate continuing to expand our sales team. Our technical applications engineers and customer care support teams have extensive experience with the products and services that we offer.

Our products are also marketed and distributed by STEMCELL Technologies, MilliporeSigma, VWR, part of Avantor, Thermo Fisher and several other regional distributors under non-exclusive agreements. In 2021, 2020, and 2019, sales to third party distributors accounted for 46%, 45%, and 46% of our revenue, respectively.

In the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we derived approximately 17%, 13%, and 15% of our revenue from one customer, one customer, and one customer, respectively.

The following table represents the Company’s total revenue by geographic area (based on the location of the customer):

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
Revenue by customers’ geographic locations |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
United States |  |  | 78 | % |  |  | 73 | % |  |  | 69 | %
Canada |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 16 | %
Germany |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 3 | %
Europe, Middle East, Africa (excluding Germany) |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 11 | %
Other |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 2 | % |  |  | 1 | %
Total revenue |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | %

Manufacturing

Cell processing – We maintain and operate two independent cGMP clean room production suites for manufacturing sterile biopreservation media products in Bothell, Washington. Our quality management system (“QMS”) in Bothell is certified to the ISO 13485:2016 standard. Our QMS takes guidance from applicable sections of 21 CFR Part 820 - Quality System Regulation for Good Manufacturing Practice of medical devices, 21 CFR Parts 210 and 211 - cGMP for Finished Pharmaceuticals, FDA Guidance - Sterile Drug Products, Volume 4, EU Guidelines Annex 1 - Manufacture of Sterile Medicinal Products, ISO 13408 - Aseptic Processing of Healthcare Products, and ISO 14644 - Clean Rooms and Associated Controlled Environments.

We also maintain and operate one cGMP clean room production suite for manufacturing hPL media in Indianapolis, Indiana. Our quality management system (“QMS”) in Indianapolis is certified to the ISO 9001:2015 standard. Our QMS takes guidance from applicable sections of 21 CFR Part 820 - Quality System Regulation for Good Manufacturing Practice of medical devices, 21 CFR Parts 210 and 211 - cGMP for Finished Pharmaceuticals, Volume 4, EU Guidelines Annex 2 - Manufacture of Biological active substances and Medicinal Products for Human Use and ISO 14644 – Clean Rooms and Associated Controlled Environments.

We seek to manage single-source supplier risk by regularly assessing the quality and capacity of our suppliers, implementing supply and quality agreements where appropriate and actively managing lead times and inventory levels of sourced components. Pursuant to our supply agreements, we are required to notify customers of any changes to our raw materials. For certain components in which we do not have a secondary supplier, we estimate that it would take up to six months to find and qualify a second source. Order quantities and lead times for externally sourced components are based on our forecasts, which are derived from historical demand and anticipated future demand. Lead times for components may vary depending on the size of the order, specific supplier requirements and current market demand for the materials and parts. Due to COVID-19, we have seen increased lead times for certain raw materials, particularly personal protective equipment used in our clean rooms and certain form factors of bottles and vials used in our finished products. To date, we have not experienced significant difficulties in obtaining raw materials for the manufacture of our biopreservation media products.

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Freezers and thaw systems – Ultra-low temperature (“ULT”) freezers are produced in our facility in Athens, Ohio and by a contract manufacturing organization (“CMO”) based in Ohio. We believe this CMO has the skills, experience and capacity needed to meet our quality standards and demand expectations for the product line. We estimate that it would take up to six months to find and qualify an alternative CMO. To date, we have not experienced significant difficulties in obtaining our ULT freezer products from our CMO. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we experienced difficulties in obtaining sheet metal and electrical components that incorporate semiconductor chips for the manufacture of our ULT freezer products. These difficulties led to increased supplier pricing for these materials and reduced production levels of ULT freezers in the third and fourth quarters of 2021. We believe the supply chain challenges related to sheet metal that we experienced in 2021 have been substantially mitigated through the diversification of suppliers. The availability of components that incorporate semiconductor chips, however, continues to be a challenge in comparison to pre-pandemic availability levels. Our strategic partnerships with key suppliers have secured sufficient supply of these electrical components for our operations for the foreseeable future.

The majority of our isothermal LN2 freezers and related accessories are manufactured in our facility in Bruce Township, Michigan. We are reliant on certain critical suppliers for some components. Due to COVID-19, we have seen increased lead times for certain raw materials and components from our suppliers as well as increased costs on certain raw materials. To date, we have not experienced significant difficulties in obtaining raw materials for the manufacture of our LN2 freezers freezer and related accessories.

Our ThawSTAR automated, water-free thawing products are produced by a CMO based in the United States. We believe this CMO has the skills, experience and capacity needed to meet our quality standards and demand expectations for the product line. Due to COVID-19, we have seen increased lead times from our CMO due to increased lead times from our CMO’s suppliers. We estimate that it would take up to six months to find and qualify an alternative CMO. To date, we have not experienced significant difficulties in obtaining our automated thaw products from our CMO.

Storage and cold chain services – Production of our evo cold chain management hardware products is performed by external CMOs and by personnel in our Albuquerque, New Mexico facility. Our QMS is certified to the ISO 9001:2015 standard. Due to COVID-19, we have seen increased lead times for certain raw materials and components from our suppliers. To date, we have not experienced significant difficulties in obtaining raw materials for the manufacture of our evo cold chain products.

We practice continuous improvement based on routine internal audits as well as external feedback and audits performed by our partners and customers. In addition, we maintain a business continuity management system that focuses on key areas such as contingency planning, security stocks and off-site storage of raw materials and finished goods to ensure continuous supply of our products.

SciSafe operates five cGMP compliant storage facilities and one state-of-the-art facility in the United States and one facility in the Netherlands. One facility in the United States is certified to the ISO 20387:2018 standard and one facility in the United States is certified to the ISO 9001:2015 standard. We rely on outside suppliers for the build out of our cold-storage chambers and stand-alone freezers. Due to COVID-19, we have experienced increased lead times in acquiring external stand-alone freezers, which we use to store customers’ biologic materials.

Product regulatory status

Our products are not subject to any specific United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other international marketing regulations for drugs, devices, or biologics. We are not required to sponsor formal prospective, controlled clinical trials in order to establish safety and efficacy. However, to support our current and prospective clinical customers, we manufacture and release our products in compliance with cGMP and other relevant quality standards.

To assist customers with their regulatory applications, we maintain Type II Master Files at the FDA for CryoStor, HypoThermosol FRS, BloodStor 27, Stemulate, nLiven PR, T-Liven PR, CellSeal Closed System Cryogenic Vials, and our Cell Thawing Media products, which provide the FDA with information regarding our manufacturing facility and process, our quality system, stability and safety, and any additional testing that has been performed. Customers engaged in clinical and commercial applications may notify the FDA of their intention to use our products in their product development and manufacturing process by requesting a cross-reference to our master files.

A group of isothermal, standard, and carousel LN2 freezers in our freezers and thaw systems product line is currently regulated as Class 2 medical devices in the EU.

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Intellectual property

The following table lists our granted and pending patents. We have also obtained certain trademarks and tradenames for our products to distinguish our genuine products from our competitors’ products and we maintain certain details about our processes, products, and strategies as trade secrets. While we believe that the protection of patents and trademarks is important to our business, we also rely on a combination of trade secrets, nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements, scientific expertise and continuing technological innovation to maintain our competitive position. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy certain aspects of our products and/or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Annual Report for additional details). The laws of some foreign countries in which we may sell our products do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States.

|  | Issued Patents |  |  | Patents Applied For |  |  | Registered Trademarks |
Cell processing |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 38 |
Freezers and thaw systems |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 27 |
Storage and cold chain services |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 7 |
Total |  |  | 153 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 72 |

Competition

Our bioproduction products and services compete on the basis of value proposition, performance, quality, cost effectiveness, and application suitability with numerous established technologies. Additional products using new technologies that may be competitive with our products may also be introduced. Many of the companies selling or developing competitive products have greater financial and human resources, R&D, manufacturing and marketing experience than we do. They may undertake their own development of products that are substantially similar to or compete with our products and they may succeed in developing products that are more effective or less costly than any that we may develop. These competitors may also prove to be more successful in their production, marketing and commercialization activities. We cannot be certain that the research, development and commercialization efforts of our competitors will not render any of our existing or potential products obsolete.

Human capital

We view our employees and our culture as key to our success. As of December 31, 2021, we had 432 full time employees and 5 part-time employees. Our employees are not covered by any collective bargaining agreement. We consider relations with our employees to be good.

Corporate history

We were incorporated in Delaware in 1987 under the name Trans Time Medical Products, Inc. In 2002, the Company, then known as Cryomedical Sciences, Inc. was engaged in manufacturing and marketing cryosurgical products. The entity was merged with our wholly-owned subsidiary, BioLife Solutions, Inc., which was engaged as a developer and marketer of biopreservation media products for cells and tissues. Following the merger, we changed our name to BioLife Solutions, Inc.

Principal offices; available information

Our principal executive offices are located at 3303 Monte Villa Parkway, Suite 310, Bothell, Washington 98021 and the telephone number is (425) 402-1400. We maintain a website at www.biolifesolutions.com. The information contained on or accessible through our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is not incorporated in any manner into this Annual Report. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with, or furnish those reports to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

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ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information contained in this Annual Report, before deciding to invest in our common stock. If any of the following risks materialize, our business, financial condition, results of operation and prospects will likely be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks related to our financial condition

Despite our increasingly diversified customer base, we have historically depended on a limited number of customers and products in a limited number of market sectors; if we lose any of these large customers or if there are problems in those market sectors, particularly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our net product revenue and operating results could decline significantly.

In the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we derived approximately 17%, 13%, and 15% of our revenue from one customer, one customer, and one customer, respectively. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. Our principal customers may vary from period to period and such customers may not continue to purchase products from us at current levels or at all (particularly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic). Further, the inability of some of our customers to consummate anticipated purchases of our products due to changes in end-user demand, and other unpredictable factors that may affect customer ordering patterns could lead to significant reductions in net product revenue which could harm our business. Because our revenue and operating results are difficult to predict (particularly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic), we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not a good indicator of our future performance. Additionally, if revenue declines in a quarter, whether due to a delay in recognizing expected revenue, adverse economic conditions, the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain issues or otherwise, our results of operations will be harmed because many of our expenses are relatively fixed. In particular, a large portion of our manufacturing costs, our research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses are not significantly affected by variations in revenue. Further, our cost of product revenue is dependent on product mix. If our quarterly operating results fail to meet investor expectations, the price of our common stock may decline.

We expect our operating results to fluctuate significantly from period to period.

Following our acquisitions in 2021, 2020 and 2019, we have increased our fixed costs and now sell products having higher costs of product revenue than our biopreservation media products. We expect that the result of these acquisitions will make it more difficult to predict our revenue and operating results from period-to-period and that, as a result, comparisons of our results of operations are not currently and will not be for the foreseeable future a good indicator of our future performance. For example, if revenue declines in a quarter, whether due to a delay in recognizing expected revenue, adverse economic conditions, the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain issues or otherwise, our results of operations in such period will be harmed because many of our expenses are now relatively fixed. In particular, a large portion of our manufacturing costs, research and development expenses, sales and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses are not significantly affected by variations in revenue. Further, a shift in product revenue concentration away from our CryoStor products and towards our new products with higher costs of product revenue will adversely affect our operating margin. If our quarterly operating results fail to meet investor expectations, the price of our common stock may decline.

Risks related to our acquisition strategy

We may engage in future acquisitions or strategic transactions which may require us to seek additional financing or financial commitments, increase our expenses and/or present significant distractions to our management.

In the last three years, we acquired six companies and made investments in two other companies. We are continuing to actively evaluate opportunities to grow our portfolio of bioproduction tools and services for the cell and gene therapy and broader biopharma markets. In the event we engage in an acquisition or strategic transaction, including by making an investment in another company, we may need to acquire additional financing. Obtaining financing through the issuance or sale of additional equity and/or debt securities, if possible, may not be at favorable terms and may result in additional dilution to our current stockholders. Additionally, any such transaction may require us to incur non-recurring or other charges, may increase our near and long-term expenditures and may pose significant integration challenges or disrupt our management or business, which could adversely affect our operations and financial results. For example, an acquisition or strategic transaction, may entail numerous operational and financial risks, including the risks outlined above and additionally:

| ● | exposure to unknown financial or product liabilities;

| ● | disruption of our business and diversion of our management's time and attention in order to develop acquired products or technologies;

| ● | higher than expected acquisition and integration costs;

| ● | write-downs of assets or goodwill or impairment charges;

| ● | increased amortization expenses;

| ● | difficulty and cost in combining the operations and personnel of any acquired businesses with our operations and personnel;

| ● | impairment of relationships with key suppliers or customers of any acquired businesses due to changes in management and ownership; and

| ● | inability to retain key employees of any acquired businesses.

Accordingly, although there can be no assurance that we will undertake or successfully complete any transactions of the nature described above, any transactions that we do complete could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

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If intangible assets and goodwill that we recorded in connection with our acquisitions become impaired, we may have to take significant charges against earnings.

In connection with the accounting for our completed acquisitions in 2021, 2020, and 2019, we recorded a significant amount of intangible assets, including developed technology, in-process research and development, and customer relationships relating to the acquired product lines, and goodwill. Under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, we must assess, at least annually and potentially more frequently, whether the value of indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill have been impaired. Intangible assets and goodwill will be assessed for impairment in the event of an impairment indicator. Any reduction or impairment of the value of intangible assets and goodwill will result in a charge against earnings, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and shareholders’ equity in future periods.

Our acquisitions expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, and we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of acquisitions of businesses or technologies.

As a part of our growth strategy, we have made and may continue to make selected acquisitions of complementary products and/or businesses. Any acquisition involves numerous risks and operational, financial, and managerial challenges, including the following, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations:

| ● | difficulties in integrating new operations, technologies, products, and personnel;
| ● | problems maintaining uniform procedures, controls and policies with respect to our financial accounting systems;
| ● | lack of synergies or the inability to realize expected synergies and cost-savings;
| ● | difficulties in managing geographically dispersed operations, including risks associated with entering foreign markets in which we have no or limited prior experience;
| ● | underperformance of any acquired technology, product, or business relative to our expectations and the price we paid;
| ● | negative near-term impacts on financial results after an acquisition, including acquisition-related earnings charges;
| ● | the potential loss of key employees, customers, and strategic partners of acquired companies;
| ● | claims by terminated employees and shareholders of acquired companies or other third parties related to the transaction;
| ● | the assumption or incurrence of additional debt obligations or expenses, or use of substantial portions of our cash;
| ● | the issuance of equity securities to finance or as consideration for any acquisitions that dilute the ownership of our stockholders (which in the case of certain of our prior acquisitions were significant);
| ● | the issuance of equity securities to finance or as consideration for any acquisitions may not be an option if the price of our common stock is low or volatile which could preclude us from completing any such acquisitions;
| ● | diversion of management’s attention and company resources from existing operations of the business;
| ● | inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures, and policies;
| ● | the impairment of intangible assets as a result of technological advancements, or worse-than-expected performance of acquired companies;
| ● | assumption of, or exposure to, historical liabilities of the acquired business, including unknown contingent or similar liabilities, including product liability, that are difficult to identify or accurately quantify; and
| ● | risks associated with acquiring intellectual property, including potential disputes regarding acquired companies’ intellectual property.

In addition, the successful integration of acquired businesses requires significant efforts and expense across all operational areas, including sales and marketing, research and development, manufacturing, finance, legal, and information technologies. There can be no assurance that any of the acquisitions we may make will be successful or will be, or will remain, profitable. Our failure to successfully address the foregoing risks may prevent us from achieving the anticipated benefits from any acquisition in a reasonable time frame, or at all.

The integration of our acquisitions may result in significant accounting charges that adversely affect the announced results of our company.

The financial results of our company may be adversely affected by cash expenses and non-cash accounting charges incurred in connection with our acquisitions over the prior three years. In addition to the anticipated cash charges, costs associated with the amortization of intangible assets are expected. The price of our common stock could decline to the extent our financial results are materially affected by the foregoing charges or if the foregoing charges are larger than anticipated.

Our recent acquisitions may result in unexpected consequences to our business and results of operations.

Although we believe that our recently acquired businesses will generally be subject to risks similar to those to which we are subject to in our existing operations, we may not have discovered all risks applicable to these businesses during the due diligence process. Some of these risks could produce unexpected and unwanted consequences for us. Undiscovered risks may result in us incurring financial liabilities, which could be material and have a negative impact on our business operations.

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Failure to realize the benefits expected from our recent acquisitions, and in particular our acquisition of Global Cooling, could adversely affect the value of our common stock.

The success of our recent acquisitions will depend, in part, on our ability to:

| ● | capitalize on our cross-selling opportunities by leveraging our extensive relationships with cell and gene therapy companies to drive sales of our recently acquired products and leveraging the relationships of our recently acquired businesses to offer them our full portfolio of bioproduction tools and services;
| ● | deploy Global Cooling’s freezers in SciSafe global biorepositories and expand the reach of the Global Cooling sales team and distributors to provide access to our entire portfolio of bioproduction tools and services offered to the cell and gene therapy and biopharma markets;
| ● | realize cost savings from reduced back-office and infrastructure expenses, elimination of duplicative company and management structure costs, and improved purchasing power through greater scale;
| ● | operate our combined businesses efficiently, achieve the strategic operating objectives for our business and realize significant cost savings and synergies;
| ● | realize the attractive risk-adjusted equity returns from our acquisitions for our stockholders; and
| ● | capitalize on the embedded and/or underexploited expansion opportunities offered by our acquisitions that we can expand upon.

However, to realize the anticipated benefits of our acquisitions we must successfully integrate their businesses in a manner that permits those benefits and cost savings to be realized. Although we expect significant benefits to result from these acquisitions, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully realize these benefits. The challenges involved in this integration will be complex and time consuming and may require a disproportionate amount of resources and management attention and could result in the loss of valuable employees, the disruption of each company’s ongoing business or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures, practices, and policies that could adversely impact our operations. If we do not successfully manage these and related issues and challenges, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions and our revenue, expenses, operating results, financial condition and stock price could be materially adversely affected.

Risks related to our business and operations

Healthcare reform measures could adversely affect our business.

The efforts of governmental and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare may adversely affect the business and financial condition of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including ours. Specifically, in both the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change the healthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Efforts by governments and other third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare through various means may limit our commercial opportunities and adversely affect our operating results and result in a decrease in the price of our common stock or limit our ability to raise capital.

If our products do not perform as expected or the reliability of the technology on which our products are based is questioned, we could experience lost revenue, delayed or reduced market acceptance of our products, increased costs and damage to our reputation.

Our success depends on the market’s confidence that we can provide reliable, high-quality products to our customers. We believe that customers in our target markets are likely to be particularly sensitive to product defects and errors. Our reputation and the public image of our products and technologies may be impaired if our products fail to perform as expected. Although our products are tested prior to shipment, defects or errors could nonetheless occur in our products. In the future, if our products experience, or are perceived to experience, a material defect or error, this could result in loss or delay of revenues, delayed market acceptance, damaged reputation, diversion of development resources, legal claims, increased insurance costs or increased service and warranty costs, any of which could harm our business. Such defects or errors could also narrow the scope of the use of our products, which could hinder our success in the market. Even after any underlying concerns or problems are resolved, any lingering concerns in our target market regarding our technology or any manufacturing defects or performance errors in our products could continue to result in lost revenue, delayed market acceptance, damaged reputation, increased service and warranty costs and claims against us.

We face significant competition.

The life sciences industry is highly competitive. We anticipate that we will continue to face increased competition as existing companies may choose to develop new or improved products and as new companies could enter the market with new technologies, any of which could compete with our product or even render our products obsolete. Many of our competitors are significantly larger than us and have greater financial, technical, research, marketing, sales, distribution and other resources than us. There can be no assurance that our competitors will not succeed in developing or marketing technologies and products that are more effective or commercially attractive than any that are being developed or marketed by us, or that such competitors will not succeed in obtaining regulatory approval, or introducing or commercializing any such products, prior to us. Such developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, even if we can compete successfully, there can be no assurance that we can continue do so in a profitable manner.

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We are dependent on outside suppliers for all our manufacturing supplies.

We rely on outside suppliers for all our manufacturing supplies, parts and components. Although we believe we could develop alternative sources of supply for most of these components within a reasonable period of time, there can be no assurance that, in the future, our current or alternative sources will be able to meet all our demands on a timely basis, particularly given the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Unavailability of necessary components could require us to re-engineer our products to accommodate available substitutions, which could increase costs to us and/or have a material adverse effect on manufacturing schedules, products performance and market acceptance. In addition, an uncorrected defect or supplier’s variation in a component or raw material, either unknown to us or incompatible with our manufacturing process, could harm our ability to manufacture products. We might not be able to find a sufficient alternative supplier in a reasonable amount of time, or on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If we fail to obtain a supplier for the components of our products, our operations could be disrupted.

In the year ended December 31, 2021, we experienced difficulties in obtaining sheet metal and electrical components that incorporate semiconductor chips for the manufacture of our ULT freezer products. These difficulties led to increased supplier pricing for these materials and reduced production levels of ULT freezers in the third and fourth quarters of 2021. The availability of components that incorporate semiconductor chips continues to be a challenge in comparison to pre-pandemic availability levels. Our strategic partnerships with key suppliers have secured sufficient supply of these electrical components for our operations for the foreseeable future.

Our success will depend on our ability to attract and retain key personnel.

In order to execute our business plan, we must attract, retain and motivate highly qualified managerial, scientific, manufacturing, and sales personnel. If we fail to attract and retain skilled scientific and sales personnel, our sales efforts will be hindered. Our future success depends to a significant degree upon the continued services of key scientific and technical personnel. If we do not attract and retain qualified personnel, we will not be able to achieve our growth objectives.

Difficulties in manufacturing could have an adverse effect upon our expenses and our product revenues.

We currently manufacture all of our biopreservation media products, freezer products and related components. We currently outsource the manufacturing of certain thaw products, certain cold chain products, two ULT freezer models, and components of our LN2 freezers. The manufacturing of our products is difficult and complex. To support our current and prospective clinical customers, we comply with and intend to continue to comply with cGMP in the manufacture of our products. Our ability to adequately manufacture and supply our products in a timely matter is dependent on the uninterrupted and efficient operation of our facilities and those of third-parties producing raw materials and supplies upon which we rely in our manufacturing. The manufacture of our products may be impacted by:

| ● | availability or contamination of raw materials and components used in the manufacturing process, particularly those for which we have no other source or supplier;

| ● | the ongoing capacity of our facilities;

| ● | our ability to comply with new regulatory requirements, including our ability to comply with cGMP;

| ● | inclement weather and natural disasters;

| ● | changes in forecasts of future demand for product components;

| ● | potential facility contamination by microorganisms or viruses;

| ● | updating of manufacturing specifications;

| ● | product quality success rates and yields; and

| ● | global viruses and pandemics, including the current COVID-19 pandemic.

If efficient manufacture and supply of our products is interrupted, we may experience delayed shipments or supply constraints. If we are at any time unable to provide an uninterrupted supply of our products to customers, our customers may be unable to supply their end-products incorporating our products to their patients and other customers, which could materially and adversely affect our product revenue and results of operations.

While we are not currently subject to FDA or other regulatory approvals on our products, if we become subject to regulatory requirements, the manufacture and sale of our products may be delayed or prevented, or we may become subject to increased expenses.

None of our products are subject to FDA. In particular, we are not required to sponsor formal prospective, controlled clinical-trials to establish safety and efficacy. A group of isothermal, standard, and carousel LN2 freezers in our freezers and thaw systems product line is currently regulated as Class 2 medical devices in the EU. Additionally, we comply with cGMP requirements. This is done solely to support our current and prospective clinical customers. However, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to obtain approval from the FDA, or foreign regulatory authorities, as applicable, prior to marketing any of our products in the future. Any such requirements could delay or prevent the sale of our products or may subject us to additional expenses.

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Our business may be subject to product liability claims or product recalls, which could be expensive and could result in a diversion of management’s attention.

Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture and marketing of our products. In particular, we are a supplier of bioproduction tools to the cell and gene therapy industry. Our products are used in basic and applied research, and commercial manufacturing of biologic-based therapies. Customers use our products to maintain the health and function of biologic material during sourcing, manufacturing, storage, and distribution of cells and tissues, and component failures, manufacturing flaws, design defects or inadequate disclosure of product-related risks with respect to these or other products we manufacture or sell could result in an unsafe condition or injury. As a result, we face an inherent risk of damage to our reputation if one or more of our products are, or are alleged to be, defective. Although we carry product liability insurance, we may be exposed to product liability and warranty claims in the event that our products actually or allegedly fail to perform as expected or the use of our products results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury and/or property damage. The outcome of litigation, particularly any class-action lawsuits, is difficult to quantify. Plaintiffs often seek recovery of very large or indeterminate amounts, including punitive damages. The magnitude of the potential losses relating to these lawsuits may remain unknown for substantial periods of time and the cost to defend against any such litigation may be significant. Accordingly, we could experience product liability losses in the future and incur significant costs to defend these claims.

In addition, if any of our products are, or are alleged to be, defective, we may voluntarily participate, or be required by applicable regulators, to participate in a recall of that product if the defect or the alleged defect relates to safety. In the event of a recall, we may experience lost sales and be exposed to individual or class-action litigation claims and reputational risk. Product liability, warranty and recall costs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Insurance coverage is increasingly difficult to obtain or maintain.

While we currently maintain product liability insurance, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, general liability insurance, and other types of insurance, first- and third-party insurance is increasingly more costly and narrower in scope, and we may be required to assume more risk in the future. If we are subject to third-party claims or suffer a loss or damage in excess of our insurance coverage, we may be required to share that risk in excess of our insurance limits. Furthermore, any first- or third-party claims made on our insurance policies may impact our future ability to obtain or maintain product liability insurance coverage at reasonable costs, if at all.

We are and may become the subject of various claims, litigation or investigations which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or price of our common stock.

We are and may become subject to various claims (including “whistleblower” complaints), litigation or investigations, including commercial disputes and employee claims, and from time to time may be involved in governmental or regulatory investigations or similar matters. Any claims asserted against us or our management, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, could harm our reputation and have an adverse impact on our relationship with our clients, distribution partners and other third parties and could lead to additional related claims. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that we will be successful in defending ourselves in pending or future litigation or similar matters under various laws. Any judgments or settlements in any pending litigation or future claims, litigation or investigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and price of our common stock.

Risks related to our intellectual property and cyber security

Expiration of our patents may subject us to increased competition and reduce our opportunity to generate product revenue.

The patents for our products have varying expiration dates and, when these patents expire, we may be subject to increased competition and we may not be able to recover our development costs. In some of the larger economic territories, such as the United States and Europe, patent term extension/restoration may be available. We cannot, however, be certain that an extension will be granted or, if granted, what the applicable time or the scope of patent protection afforded during any extended period will be. If we are unable to obtain patent term extension/restoration or some other exclusivity, we could be subject to increased competition and our opportunity to establish or maintain product revenue could be substantially reduced or eliminated. Furthermore, we may not have sufficient time to recover our development costs prior to the expiration of our U.S. and non-U.S. patents.

Our proprietary rights may not adequately protect our technologies and products.

Our commercial success will depend on our ability to obtain patents and/or regulatory exclusivity and maintain adequate protection for our technologies and products in the United States and other countries. We will be able to protect our proprietary rights from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our proprietary technologies and products are covered by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets.

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We intend to apply for additional patents covering both our technologies and products, as we deem appropriate. We may, however, fail to apply for patents on important technologies or products in a timely fashion, if at all. Our existing patents and any future patents we obtain may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from practicing our technologies or from developing competing products and technologies. In addition, the patent positions of life science industry companies are highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. As a result, the validity and enforceability of our patents cannot be predicted with certainty. In addition, we cannot guarantee that:

| ● | we were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our issued patents and pending patent applications;

| ● | we were the first to file patent applications for these inventions;

| ● | others will not independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies;

| ● | any of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents;

| ● | any of our patents will be valid or enforceable;

| ● | any patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages, or will not be challenged by third parties; and

| ● | we will develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable, or the patents of others will not have an adverse effect on our business.

The actual protection afforded by a patent varies on a product-by-product basis, from country to country and depends on many factors, including the type of patent, the scope of its coverage, the availability of regulatory related extensions, the availability of legal remedies in a particular country and the validity and enforceability of the patents. Our ability to maintain and solidify our proprietary position for our products will depend on our success in obtaining effective claims and enforcing those claims once granted. Our issued patents and those that may be issued in the future, or those licensed to us, may be challenged, invalidated, unenforceable or circumvented, and the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar products. We also rely on trade secrets to protect some of our technology, especially where it is believed that patent protection is inappropriate or unobtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to maintain. While we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our employees, consultants, contractors or scientific and other advisors may unintentionally or willfully disclose our proprietary information to competitors. Enforcement of claims that a third party has illegally obtained and is using trade secrets is expensive, time consuming and uncertain. In addition, non-U.S. courts are sometimes less willing than U.S. courts to protect trade secrets. If our competitors independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how, we would not be able to assert our trade secrets against them and our business could be harmed.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.

Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on all our products in every jurisdiction would be prohibitively expensive. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection to develop their own products. These products may compete with our products and may not be covered by any patent claims or other intellectual property rights.

The laws of some non-U.S. countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending such rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to biotechnology, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.

If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our competitors may take advantage of our ideas and compete directly against us.

Our success will depend to a significant degree on our ability to secure and protect intellectual property rights and enforce patent and trademark protections relating to our technology. While we believe that the protection of patents and trademarks is important to our business, we also rely on a combination of copyright, trade secret, nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements, know-how and continuing technological innovation to maintain our competitive position. From time to time, litigation may be advisable to protect our intellectual property position. However, these legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep any competitive advantage. Any litigation in this regard could be costly, and it is possible that we will not have sufficient resources to fully pursue litigation or to protect our intellectual property rights. This could result in the rejection or invalidation of our existing and future patents. Any adverse outcome in litigation relating to the validity of our patents, or any failure to pursue litigation or otherwise to protect our patent position, could materially harm our business and financial condition. In addition, confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, customers, and key vendors may not prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technology. It is possible that these agreements will be breached or that they will not be enforceable in every instance, and that we will not have adequate remedies for any such breach. Enforcement of these agreements may be costly and time consuming. Furthermore, the laws of foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.

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We may incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property rights and we may be unable to protect our rights to, or use of, our technology.

If we choose to go to court to stop someone else from using the inventions claimed in our patents or our licensed patents, that individual or company has the right to ask the court to rule that these patents are invalid and/or should not be enforced against that third party. These lawsuits are expensive and would consume time and other resources even if we were successful in stopping the infringement of these patents. In addition, there is a risk that the court will decide that these patents are invalid or unenforceable and that we do not have the right to stop the other party from using the inventions. There is also the risk that, even if the validity or enforceability of these patents is upheld, the court will refuse to stop the other party on the grounds that such other party’s activities do not infringe our rights.

If we wish to use the technology claimed in issued and unexpired patents owned by others, we will need to obtain a license from the owner, enter into litigation to challenge the validity or enforceability of the patents or incur the risk of litigation in the event that the owner asserts that we infringed its patents. The failure to obtain a license to technology or the failure to challenge an issued patent that we may require to discover, develop or commercialize our products may have a material adverse effect on us.

If a third party asserts that we infringed its patents or other proprietary rights, we could face a number of risks that could seriously harm our results of operations, financial condition and competitive position, including:

| ● | patent infringement and other intellectual property claims, which would be costly and time consuming to defend, whether or not the claims have merit, and which could delay a product and divert management’s attention from our business;

| ● | substantial damages for past infringement, which we may have to pay if a court determines that our product or technologies infringe a competitor’s patent or other proprietary rights;

| ● | a court prohibiting us from selling or licensing our technologies unless the third party licenses its patents or other proprietary rights to us on commercially reasonable terms, which it is not required to do; and

| ● | if a license is available from a third party, we may have to pay substantial royalties or lump-sum payments or grant cross licenses to our patents or other proprietary rights to obtain that license.

The biotechnology industry has produced a proliferation of patents, and it is not always clear to industry participants, including us, which patents cover various types of products or methods of use. The coverage of patents is subject to interpretation by the courts, and the interpretation is not always uniform. If we are sued for patent infringement, we would need to demonstrate that our products or methods of use either do not infringe the patent claims of the relevant patent, and/or that the patent claims are invalid, and/or that the patent is unenforceable, and we may not be able to do this. Proving invalidity, in particular, is difficult since it requires a showing of clear and convincing evidence to overcome the presumption of validity enjoyed by issued patents.

U.S. patent laws as well as the laws of some foreign jurisdictions provide for provisional rights in published patent applications beginning on the date of publication, including the right to obtain reasonable royalties, if a patent subsequently issues and certain other conditions are met.

Because some patent applications in the United States may be maintained in secrecy until the patents are issued, because patent applications in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after filing, and because publications in the scientific literature often lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered by our issued patents or our pending applications, or that we were the first to invent the technology.

Patent applications filed by third parties that cover technology similar to ours may have priority over our patent applications and could further require us to obtain rights to issued patents covering such technologies. If another party files a U.S. patent application on an invention similar to ours, we may elect to participate in or be drawn into an interference proceeding declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of invention in the United States. The costs of these proceedings could be substantial, and it is possible that such efforts would be unsuccessful, resulting in a loss of our U.S. patent position with respect to such inventions. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations. We cannot predict whether third parties will assert these claims against us, or whether those claims will harm our business. If we are forced to defend against these claims, whether they are with or without any merit and whether they are resolved in favor of or against us, we may face costly litigation and diversion of management’s attention and resources. As a result of these disputes, we may have to develop costly non-infringing technology, or enter into licensing agreements. These agreements, if necessary, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, if at all, which could seriously harm our business or financial condition.

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Our inability to protect our systems and data from continually evolving cybersecurity risks or other technological risks, including as a result of breaches of our associated third parties, could affect our ability to conduct our business.

In conducting our business, we process, transmit and store sensitive business information and personal information about our customers, vendors, and other parties. This information may include account access credentials, credit and debit card numbers, bank account numbers, social security numbers, driver’s license numbers, names and addresses and other types of sensitive business or personal information. Some of this information is also processed and stored by our third-party service providers to whom we outsource certain functions and other agents, including our customers, which we refer to collectively as our associated third parties.

We are a regular target of malicious third-party attempts to identify and exploit system vulnerabilities, and/or penetrate or bypass our security measures, in order to gain unauthorized access to our networks and systems or those of our associated third parties. Such access could lead to the compromise of sensitive, business, personal or confidential information. As a result, we proactively employ multiple methods at different layers of our systems to defend our systems against intrusion and attack and to protect the data we collect. However, we cannot be certain that these measures will be successful and will be sufficient to counter all current and emerging technology threats that are designed to breach our systems in order to gain access to confidential information.

Our computer systems and our associated third parties’ computer systems could be in the future, subject to breach, and our data protection measures may not prevent unauthorized access. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and are often difficult to detect. Threats to our systems and our associated third parties’ systems can derive from human error, fraud or malice on the part of employees or third parties, or may result from accidental technological failure. Computer viruses and other malware can be distributed and could infiltrate our systems or those of our associated third parties. In addition, denial of service or other attacks could be launched against us for a variety of purposes, including to interfere with our services or create a diversion for other malicious activities. Our defensive measures may not prevent downtime, unauthorized access or use of sensitive data. Further, while we select our third party service providers carefully, and we seek to ensure that our customers adequately protect their systems and data, we do not control their actions and are not able to oversee their processes. Any problems experienced by our associated third parties, including those resulting from breakdowns or other disruptions in the services provided by such parties or cyber-attacks and security breaches, could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business and our financial condition.

We could also be subject to liability for claims relating to misuse of personal information, such as violation of data privacy laws. We cannot provide assurance that the contractual requirements related to security and privacy that we impose on our service providers who have access to customer data will be followed or will be adequate to prevent the unauthorized use or disclosure of data. Any failure to adequately enforce or provide these protective measures could result in liability, protracted and costly litigation, governmental intervention and fines.

Risks related to our common stock

Our stock price may be volatile, and purchasers of our securities could incur substantial losses.

Our common stock, traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market, may be volatile and has experienced price and volume fluctuations. For example, in the year ended December 31, 2021, the highest intra-day sale price of our common stock on NASDAQ was $60.67 per share and the lowest intra-day sale price of our common stock on NASDAQ was $28.15 per share. We may continue to incur substantial increases or decreases in our stock price in the foreseeable future.

Our stock price and the market prices of many publicly traded companies, including emerging companies in the life sciences industry, have been, and can be expected to be, highly volatile. The future market price of our common stock could be significantly impacted by numerous factors, including, but not limited to:

| ● | Future sales of our common stock or other fundraising events;

| ● | Sales of our common stock by existing shareholders;

| ● | Changes in our capital structure, including stock splits or reverse stock splits;

| ● | Announcements of technological innovations for new commercial products by our present or potential competitors;

| ● | Developments concerning proprietary rights;

| ● | Adverse results in our field or with clinical tests of our products in customer applications;

| ● | Adverse litigation;

| ● | Unfavorable legislation or regulatory decisions;

| ● | Public concerns regarding our products;

| ● | Variations in quarterly operating results;

| ● | General trends in the health care industry;

| ● | Global viruses, epidemics and pandemics, including the current COVID-19 pandemic; and

| ● | Other factors outside of our control, including significant market fluctuations.

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A significant percentage of our outstanding common stock is held by one stockholder, and this stockholder therefore has significant influence on us and our corporate actions.

As of December 31, 2021, based on our review of public filings and the Company’s records, one of our existing stockholders, Casdin Capital, LLC (“Casdin”), owned 7,566,292 shares of our common stock, representing 18% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Accordingly, this stockholder has had, and will continue to have, significant influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to our stockholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. In addition, without the consent of this stockholder, we could be prevented from entering into transactions that could be beneficial to us.

Any future sales of our securities in the public markets or any future securities issuances in connection with our acquisition strategy may cause the trading price of our common stock to decline and could impair our ability to raise capital through future equity offerings.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock or other securities in the public markets, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common stock or other securities to decline and could materially impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional securities. If we issue additional securities in a public offering or a private placement, such sales or any resales of such securities could further adversely affect the market price of our common stock. The sale of a large number of shares of our common stock or other securities also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at the prices that we deem appropriate.

We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends on our common stock.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not plan to pay any cash dividends in the near future. Our current policy is to retain all funds and earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business.

Risks related to accounting matters

Changes in accounting standards and subjective assumptions, estimates, and judgments by management related to complex accounting matters could significantly affect our financial results or financial condition.

Generally accepted accounting principles and related accounting pronouncements, implementation guidelines, and interpretations with regard to a wide range of matters that are relevant to our business, such as revenue recognition, asset impairment and fair value determinations, inventories, business combinations and intangible asset valuations, leases, and litigation, are highly complex and involve many subjective assumptions, estimates, and judgments. Changes in these rules or their interpretation or changes in underlying assumptions, estimates, or judgments could significantly change our reported or expected financial performance or financial condition and could require us to restate our prior financial statements and issue a non-reliance statement regarding our prior financial disclosures.

Our ability to use net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and certain built-in losses to reduce future tax payments is limited by provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, and it is possible that certain transactions or a combination of certain transactions may result in material additional limitations on our ability to use our net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.

Section 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, contain rules that limit the ability of a company that undergoes an ownership change, which is generally any change in ownership of more than 50% of its stock over a three-year period, to utilize its net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and certain built-in losses recognized in years after the ownership change. These rules generally operate by focusing on ownership changes involving stockholders owning directly or indirectly 5% or more of the stock of a company and any change in ownership arising from a new issuance of stock by the company. Generally, if an ownership change occurs, the yearly taxable income limitation on the use of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and certain built-in losses is equal to the product of the applicable long-term, tax-exempt rate and the value of the company’s stock immediately before the ownership change. We may be unable to offset our taxable income with losses, or our tax liability with credits, before such losses and credits expire and therefore would incur larger federal income tax liability.

If we are unable to develop an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report financial results or prevent fraud. If we identify additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or are unable to rectify the material weaknesses that we have identified, our ability to meet our reporting obligations and the trading price of our stock could be negatively affected.

As described in Item 9A — Controls and Procedures and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, Management identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

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In the course of making our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting with regard to our controls over the accounting for financial instruments containing characteristics of both liabilities and equity due to insufficient technical resources.

In the course of making our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, we identified several material weaknesses. Material weaknesses were identified in relation to (i) inappropriately designed entity-level controls impacting the control environment, risk assessment, and monitoring activities to prevent or detect material misstatements to the consolidated financial statements attributed to an insufficient number of qualified resources and inadequate oversight and accountability over the performance of controls, ineffective identification and assessment or risks impacting internal control over financial reporting, and ineffective monitoring controls; (ii) information system logical access within certain key financial systems; (iii) accounting policies and procedures and related controls over complex financial statement areas; (iv) accounting policies, procedures, and related controls over assets held for lease; (v) accounting policies, procedures, and related controls over the preparation and review of projected financial information used in determining the valuation of acquired intangible assets and contingent consideration in business combinations as well as the quantitative impairment analysis of indefinite-lived intangible assets; and (vi) policies, procedures, and related controls over the presentation and disclosure of amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting requirements. Because material weaknesses in internal control exist, the Company’s internal controls may not prevent, or detect and correct a material misstatement in its financial statements or disclosures.

The aforementioned material weaknesses did not result in any identified material misstatements to our financial statements, and there were no changes to previously released financial results.

Effective internal controls are necessary to provide reliable financial reports and to assist in the effective prevention of fraud. Any inability to provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud could harm our business. We regularly review and update our internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies. In addition, we are required under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to report annually on our internal control over financial reporting. Any system of internal controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Accordingly, a material weakness increases the risk that the financial information we report contains material errors.

While we are in the process of addressing our material weaknesses as disclosed herein, elements of our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time and we can offer no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects. Any failure to maintain such internal controls could adversely impact our ability to report our financial results on a timely and accurate basis. If our financial statements are not accurate, investors may not have a complete understanding of our operations or may lose confidence in our reported financial information. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis as required by the SEC and The NASDAQ Stock Market, we could face severe consequences from those authorities. In either case, it could result in a material adverse effect on our business or have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock. Further, if we fail to remedy these deficiencies (or any other future deficiencies) or maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties or shareholder litigation. We can give no assurance that the measures we have taken and plan to take in the future will remediate the material weaknesses identified or that any additional material weaknesses or restatements of our financial statements will not arise in the future due to a failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting or circumvention of those controls.

Further, in the future, if we cannot conclude that we have effective internal control over our financial reporting, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide an unqualified opinion regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which could lead to a decline in our stock price. Failure to comply with reporting requirements could also subject us to sanctions and/or investigations by the SEC, The NASDAQ Stock Market or other regulatory authorities.

Risks related to COVID-19 and other disruptive events

Our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

We continue to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on all aspects of our business and geographies, including how it has and will impact our customers, team members, suppliers, vendors, business partners and distribution channels. The COVID-19 global pandemic has created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption, which may continue to affect our business operations and may materially and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

We are currently following the recommendations of local health authorities to minimize exposure risk for our team members and visitors. While we have implemented specific business continuity plans to reduce the impact of COVID-19 and believe that we have sufficient inventory to meet forecasted demand for the next six to nine months, there is no guarantee that our continuity plan will be successful or that our inventory will meet forecasted or actual demand.

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In the third and fourth quarters of 2021, we experienced difficulties in obtaining sheet metal and electrical components that incorporate semiconductor chips for our ULT freezer manufacturing operations. These difficulties led to increased supplier pricing for these materials and reduced production levels of ULT freezers in the third and fourth quarters of 2021. We believe some or all of these difficulties arose as a result of suppliers’ production planning in response to COVID-19 and logistics challenges that have occurred as a result of the global pandemic. We believe the supply chain challenges related to sheet metal that we experienced in 2021 have been substantially mitigated through the diversification of suppliers. The availability of components that incorporate semiconductor chips, however, continues to be a challenge in comparison to pre-pandemic availability levels. Our strategic partnerships with key suppliers have secured sufficient supply of these electrical components for our operations for the foreseeable future.

Additional disruptions may occur for our customers or suppliers that may materially affect our ability to obtain supplies or other components for our products, produce our products or deliver inventory in a timely manner. This would result in lost product revenue, additional costs, or penalties, or damage our reputation. Similarly, COVID-19 could impact our customers and/or suppliers as a result of a health epidemic or other outbreak occurring in other locations which could reduce their demand for our products or their ability to deliver needed supplies for the production of our products.

We cannot predict at this time the full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our business, results, and financial condition, which will depend on many factors that are not known at this time, as the situation is unprecedented and continues to evolve. These include, among others, the extent of harm to public health, including the duration of the pandemic, any potential subsequent waves of COVID-19 infection, the emergence of new variants of COVID-19, some of which may be more transmissible or virulent than the initial strain, and the availability and distribution of effective vaccines and medical treatments, further disruption to the manufacturing of and demand for our products, our ability to effectively manage inventory levels and adjust our production schedules to align with demand, impairments and other charges, the impact of the global business and economic environment on liquidity and the availability of capital, the costs incurred to keep our employees safe while maintaining continued operations, and our ability to effectively motivate and retain the necessary workforce. We are staying in close communication with our manufacturing facilities, employees, customers, and suppliers, and acting to mitigate the impact of this dynamic and evolving situation through a variety of measures, which may not be successful and are subject to the factors described above, many of which are uncertain or outside of our control. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact.

Natural disasters, geopolitical unrest, war, terrorism, public health issues or other catastrophic events could disrupt the supply, delivery or demand of products, which could negatively affect our operations and performance.

We are subject to the risk of disruption by earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters, fire, power shortages, geopolitical unrest, war, terrorist attacks and other hostile acts, public health issues, epidemics or pandemics and other events beyond our control and the control of the third parties on which we depend. Any of these catastrophic events, whether in the United States or abroad, may have a strong negative impact on the global economy, our employees, facilities, partners, suppliers, distributors or customers, and could decrease demand for our products, create delays and inefficiencies in our supply chain and make it difficult or impossible for us to deliver products to our customers. A catastrophic event that results in the destruction or disruption of our data centers or our critical business or information technology systems would severely affect our ability to conduct normal business operations and, as a result, our operating results would be adversely affected.

ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES

Our material office and manufacturing leases are detailed below:

Location |  | Square Feet |  | Principal Use |  | Lease Expiration
Bothell, WA |  |  | 36,766 |  | Corporate headquarters, manufacturing, research and development, marketing and administrative offices |  | July 2031
Menlo Park, CA |  |  | 3,460 |  | Research and development, and administrative offices |  | Month to Month
Albuquerque, NM |  |  | 9,932 |  | Manufacturing, research and development, and administrative offices |  | December 2022
Bruce Township, MI |  |  | 106,998 |  | Manufacturing, research and development, and administrative offices |  | Month to Month
Athens, OH |  |  | 50,000 |  | Manufacturing, research and development, and administrative offices |  | March 2028
Nelsonville, OH |  |  | 22,764 |  | Warehouse |  | May 2022
Columbus, OH |  |  | 1,807 |  | Administrative offices |  | Month to Month
Indianapolis, IN |  |  | 11,415 |  | Manufacturing, research and development, and administrative offices |  | September 2024
United States |  |  | 12,500 |  | Biological and pharmaceutical specimen storage |  | January 2023
United States |  |  | 20,000 |  | Biological and pharmaceutical specimen storage |  | March 2024
United States |  |  | 16,153 |  | Biological and pharmaceutical specimen storage |  | June 2024
United States |  |  | 16,800 |  | Biological and pharmaceutical specimen storage |  | February 2026
United States |  |  | 26,800 |  | Biological and pharmaceutical specimen storage |  | November 2031
Netherlands |  |  | 47,533 |  | Biological and pharmaceutical specimen storage |  | March 2026

We consider the facilities to be in a condition suitable for their current uses. Because of anticipated growth in the business and due to the increasing requirements of customers or regulatory agencies, we may need to acquire additional space or upgrade and enhance existing space. We believe that adequate facilities will be available upon the conclusion of our leases.

ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently aware of any such proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market information for common stock

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market exchange under the ticker symbol “BLFS.”

Stockholders and dividends

As of March 16, 2022, there were approximately 224 holders of record of our common stock. We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will retain all earnings, if any, to support our operations. Any future determination as to the payment of dividends will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant.

See Item 12 for information regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans.

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Performance graph

The following graph shows the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return of the S&P Small Cap 600 Index and our peer group, assuming an initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2016 and the reinvestment of all dividends.

Issuer repurchases of equity securities

Not applicable.

ITEM 6. | SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

Reserved.

ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements”. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. We caution readers that any forward-looking statement is not a guarantee of future performance and that actual results could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statement. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our products, including our newly acquired products, customers, regulatory approvals, the potential utility of and market for our products and services, our ability to implement our business strategy and anticipated business and operations, in particular following the 2021, 2020, and 2019 acquisitions, future financial and operational performance, our anticipated future growth strategy, including the acquisition of synergistic cell and gene therapy manufacturing tools and services or technologies, or other companies or technologies, capital requirements, intellectual property, suppliers, joint venture partners, future financial and operating results, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, plans, objectives, expectations and intentions, revenues, costs and expenses, interest rates, outcome of contingencies, business strategies, regulatory filings and requirements, the estimated potential size of markets, capital requirements, the terms of any capital financing agreements and other statements that are not historical facts. You can find many of these statements by looking for words like “believes”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “estimates”, “may”, “should”, “will”, “could” “plan”, “intend”, or similar expressions in this Form 10-K. We intend that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbors created thereby.

These forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from current expectations and projections. Factors that might cause such a difference include those discussed under “Risk Factors”, as well as those discussed elsewhere in the Form 10-K.

You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Form 10-K or, in the case of documents referred to or incorporated by reference, the date of those documents.

All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-K or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as may be required under applicable U.S. securities law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements.

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We are a life sciences company that develops and commercializes innovative technologies used in the manufacture, storage and transportation of biological materials and provides storage solutions for biological and pharmaceutical materials.

We develop, manufacture, and market bioproduction tools and services to the cell and gene therapy (“CGT”) industry and broader biopharma market, which are designed to improve quality and de-risk biologic manufacturing, storage, and distribution. Our products are used in basic and applied research and commercial manufacturing of biologic-based therapies. Customers use our products to maintain the health and function of biologic material during sourcing, manufacturing, storage, and distribution.

Our current portfolio of bioproduction tools and services are comprised of three revenue lines that contain seven main offerings: (i) cell processing (including biopreservation media for the preservation of cells and tissues, human platelet lysate media for the supplementation of cell expansion, cryogenic vials and automated fill machines that provide high-quality, efficient, and precise mixes of solutions), (ii) freezers and thaw systems (including a full line of mechanical ULT, isothermal, and liquid nitrogen freezers and accessories, automated thaw devices which provide controlled, consistent thawing of frozen biologics in vials and cryobags), and (iii) storage and cold chain services (including biological and pharmaceutical storage services, and “smart”, cloud connected devices for transporting biologic payloads).

We currently operate as one bioproduction tools and services business which supports several steps in the biologic material manufacturing and delivery process. We have a diversified portfolio of tools and services that focus on biopreservation, cell processing, frozen biologic storage products and services, cold-chain transportation, and thawing of biologic materials. We have in-house expertise in cryobiology and continue to capitalize on opportunities to maximize the value of our product platform for our extensive customer base through both organic growth innovations and acquisitions.

Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. acquisition

On August 9, 2021, BioLife entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Sexton Merger Agreement”) with BLFS Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Sexton Merger Sub”), Fortis Advisors LLC, in its capacity as the representative of the stockholders of Sexton (the “Sexton Seller Representative”) and Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

On September 1, 2021, the Company completed the merger of Sexton Merger Sub with and into Sexton and Sexton became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Sexton Merger”). As consideration for the Sexton Merger (the “Sexton Merger Consideration”), holders of common stock, preferred stock and options of Sexton, other than the Company (collectively, the “Sexton Participating Holders”), are entitled to receive an aggregate of 530,502 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain post-closing adjustments, of which 477,452 shares of Common Stock were issued to the Sexton Participating Holders at the Closing, and 53,050 shares of Common Stock, or approximately 10% of the Merger consideration, were deposited into an escrow account for indemnification and post-closing purchase price adjustment purposes. Prior to the merger, the Company held preferred stock in Sexton, which was accounted for using a measurement alternative that measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any. The Company accounted for the merger as a step acquisition, which required remeasurement of the Company’s existing ownership in Sexton to fair value prior to completing the acquisition method of accounting. Using step acquisition accounting, the Company increased the value of its existing equity interest to its fair value, resulting in the recognition of a non-cash gain of $6.5 million, which was included in the gain on acquisition of Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company utilized a market-based valuation approach to determine the fair value of the existing equity interest based on the total merger consideration offered and the Company’s stock price at acquisition.

The Sexton Merger was accounted for as a purchase of a business under FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The fair value of the net tangible assets acquired was approximately $4.1 million, the deferred tax liability acquired was approximately $1.5 million, the fair value of the intangible assets acquired was approximately $8.8 million, and the residual goodwill was approximately $28.5 million. The fair value calculations required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

Global Cooling, Inc. acquisition

On March 19, 2021, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “GCI Merger Agreement”) with BLFS Merger Subsidiary, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“GCI Merger Sub”), Global Cooling, a Delaware corporation and Albert Vierling and William Baumel, in their capacity as the representatives of the stockholders of GCI (collectively, the “GCI Seller Representative”).

On May 3, 2021, pursuant to the GCI Merger Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, the transactions contemplated by the GCI Merger Agreement were consummated (the “GCI Closing”), GCI Merger Sub merged with and into GCI (the “GCI Merger” and, together with other transactions contemplated by the GCI Merger Agreement, the “GCI Transactions”), with GCI continuing as the surviving corporation in the GCI Merger and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. In the GCI Merger, all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of GCI immediately prior to the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (other than those properly exercising any applicable dissenter’s rights under Delaware law) were converted into the right to receive the GCI Merger Consideration (as defined below). The Company paid the GCI Merger Consideration to the holders of common stock and preferred stock of GCI (collectively, the “GCI Stockholders”).

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The aggregate merger consideration paid pursuant to the GCI Merger Agreement to the GCI Stockholders was 6,646,870 newly issued shares of common stock, provided, however, that the GCI Merger Consideration otherwise payable to GCI Stockholders is subject to the withholding of the GCI Escrow Shares (as defined below) and is subject to reduction for indemnification obligations. The GCI Merger Consideration allocable to one GCI stockholder was reduced by 10,400 shares to satisfy an outstanding note receivable of $374,000. In accordance with ASC 805, the Company recognized the settlement of pre-existing relationships in the forms of cash deposits, trade receivables, and trade payables, which are included in the consideration transferred. The GCI Merger Consideration is not subject to any purchase price adjustments.

At the GCI Closing, approximately nine percent (9%) of the GCI Merger Consideration (the “Escrow Shares”, along with any other dividends, distributions or other income on the GCI Escrow Shares, the “GCI Escrow Property”) otherwise issuable to the GCI Stockholders (allocated pro rata among the GCI Stockholders based on the GCI Merger Consideration otherwise issuable to them at the GCI Closing), was deposited into a segregated escrow account in accordance with an escrow agreement to be entered into in connection with the GCI Transactions (the “GCI Escrow Agreement”).

The GCI Escrow Property will be held for a period of up to twenty-four (24) months after the GCI Closing as the sole and exclusive source of payment for any post-GCI Closing indemnification claims (other than fraud claims), unless earlier released in accordance with the terms of the GCI Escrow Agreement.

The GCI Merger was accounted for as a purchase of a business under FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The fair value of the net tangible assets acquired was $740,000, the deferred tax liability acquired was $24.1 million, the fair value of the intangible assets acquired was $120.5 million, and the residual goodwill was $137.8 million. The fair value calculations required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

SciSafe Holdings, Inc. acquisition

On September 18, 2020, BioLife entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, by and among the Company, SciSafe Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and the stockholders of SciSafe (collectively, the “SciSafe Sellers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase from the SciSafe Sellers one hundred percent (100%) of the issued and outstanding capital shares or other equity interests of SciSafe (the “SciSafe Acquisition”). The SciSafe Acquisition closed October 1, 2020.

In connection with the SciSafe Acquisition, the Company issued to the SciSafe Sellers 611,683 shares of common stock valued at $29.29 per share and a cash payment of $15 million, with $1.5 million held in escrow to account for adjustments for net working capital and as a security for, and a source of payment of, the Company’s indemnity rights. Pending the occurrence of certain events, the Company will issue to the SciSafe Sellers an additional 626,000 shares of common stock, which are issuable to SciSafe Sellers upon SciSafe achieving certain specified revenue targets in each year from 2021 to 2024. The revenue target set for 2021 was met and, therefore, has resulted in 64,130 shares of common stock becoming issuable to the SciSafe Sellers.

The SciSafe Acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of a business under FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The fair value of the contingent consideration was $3.7 million, the fair value of the net tangible assets acquired was $2.8 million, the deferred tax liability was $3.3 million, the fair value of the intangible assets acquired was $12.1 million, and the residual goodwill was $24.9 million. The fair value estimates required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

Custom Biogenic Systems, Inc. Acquisition

On November 10, 2019, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement, by and among the Company, Arctic Solutions, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and Custom Biogenic Systems, Inc., a Michigan corporation (“CBS Seller”), pursuant to which we agreed to purchase from the CBS Seller substantially all of CBS Seller’s assets, properties and rights (the “CBS Acquisition”). The CBS Seller, a privately held company with operations located near Detroit, Michigan, designs and manufactures liquid nitrogen laboratory freezers and cryogenic equipment and also offers a related cloud-based monitoring system that continuously assesses biologic sample storage conditions and alerts equipment owners if a fault condition occurs. The Acquisition closed on November 12, 2019.

In connection with the CBS Acquisition, we paid to CBS Seller a base payment in the amount of $15.0 million, consisting of a cash payment of $11.0 million paid at the closing of the CBS Acquisition, less a cash holdback escrow of $550,000 to satisfy certain indemnification claims, and an aggregate number of shares of our common stock, with an aggregate fair value equal to $4.0 million, less a holdback escrow of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate value equal to $3.0 million to satisfy potential payments related to any product liability claims outstanding as of March 13, 2019 and potential earnout payments in calendar years 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024 of up to an aggregate of, but not exceeding, $15.0 million payable to CBS Seller upon achieving certain specified revenue targets in each year for certain product lines. The revenue targets set for 2020 and 2021 were not met and no amounts were paid or are considered payable for the earnouts related to those years.

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The CBS acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of a business under FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the acquired assets and liabilities assumed from CBS were recorded as of the acquisition date, at their fair values, and consolidated with BioLife. The fair value of the net tangible assets acquired was $6.0 million, the fair value of the identifiable intangibles was $6.8 million, and the residual goodwill was $3.1 million. The fair value estimates required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

SAVSU Technologies, Inc. Acquisition

On August 7, 2019, the Company consummated the acquisition (the “SAVSU Acquisition”) of the remaining shares of SAVSU Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation, pursuant to a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) by and among the Company, SAVSU and SAVSU Origin LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Origin”). Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, Origin agreed to transfer to the Company and the Company agreed to acquire from Origin 8,616 shares of common stock of SAVSU, representing the remaining 56% of the outstanding shares of SAVSU that the Company did not own, in exchange for 1,100,000 shares of common stock of the Company. On August 8, 2019, the Company completed the SAVSU Acquisition, and SAVSU became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

SAVSU is a leading developer and supplier of next generation cold chain management tools for CGT. The evo® cloud connect platform allows biologic products to be traced and tracked in real time. Our evo platform consists of rentable cloud connected shippers and evo technology tracking software provides real-time information on geolocation, payload temperature, ambient temperature, tilt of shipper, humidity, altitude, and real-time alerts when a shipper has been opened. Our internally developed evo software allows customers to customize alert notifications both in data measurements and user requirements. The evo Dry Vapor Shipper (“DVS”) is specifically marketed to CGT companies. The evo DVS has improved form factor and ergonomics over the traditional dewar, including extended thermal performance, reduced liquid nitrogen recharge time, improved payload extractors and ability to maintain temperature for longer periods on its side. The evo DVS does not require to be shipped in a pallet format, enabling shipping on narrow-bodied aircraft which is not an option for competitors who use palletized shipments. Our integrated system of internal and external packing innovations reduces risk of payload breakage due to shock while in transportation.

The Company paid to Origin 1,100,000 shares of unregistered common stock totaling $19.9 million (based on a share price of $18.12 at the time of acquisition) for the 56% we did not previously own.

The SAVSU Acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of a business under ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the acquired assets and liabilities assumed from SAVSU were recorded as of the acquisition date, at their fair values, and consolidated with BioLife. The fair value of the net tangible assets acquired was $4.2 million, the fair value of the identifiable intangibles was $12.2 million, and the residual goodwill was $19.5 million. The fair value estimates required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

Astero Bio Corporation Acquisition

On April 1, 2019, BioLife completed the acquisition of all the outstanding shares of Astero (the “Astero Acquisition”). Astero’s ThawSTAR product line is comprised of a family of automated thawing devices for frozen cell and gene therapies packaged in cryovials and cryobags. The products improve the quality of administration of high-value, temperature-sensitive biologic therapies to patients by standardizing the thawing process and reducing the risks of contamination and overheating, which are inherent with the use of traditional water baths.

In connection with the Astero Acquisition, the Company paid a base payment in the amount of $12.5 million consisting of an initial cash payment of $8.0 million at the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement, subject to adjustment for working capital, net debt and transaction expenses, and a deferred cash payment that was paid into escrow of $4.5 million payable upon the earlier of Astero meeting certain product development milestones or one year after the date of the Closing. In addition to the consideration paid, the sellers were eligible to receive earnout payments in calendar years 2021, 2020, and 2019 of up to an aggregate of $3.5 million, which would have been payable upon Astero achieving certain specified revenue targets in each year and a separate earnout payment of $5.0 million for calendar year 2021 which would have been payable upon Astero achieving a cumulative revenue target over the three-year period from 2019 to 2021. In the second quarter of 2020 we paid $483,000 for the earnout related to 2019 revenues. Revenue targets for 2020, 2021, and the cumulative period from 2019 to 2021 were not met and no amounts were paid or are considered payable for the earnouts related to those years.

The Astero acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of a business under FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Astero were recorded as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values, and consolidated with those of BioLife. The fair value of the contingent consideration of $1.5 million was determined using an option pricing model. The fair value of the net tangible assets acquired was $324,000, the fair value of the intangible assets acquired was $4.1 million, and the residual goodwill was $9.5 million. The fair value estimates required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

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Critical accounting policies and estimates

We have identified the policies and estimates below as being critical to our business operations and the understanding of our results of operations. These policies require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgements, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. The impact of any associated risks related to these policies on our business operations are discussed throughout “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition,” including in the “Results of Operations” section, where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. Although we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgements are reasonable, they are based upon information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments, or conditions.

Revenue recognition

To determine revenue recognition for contractual arrangements that we determine are within the scope of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify each contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to our performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the relevant performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer. Contracts with customers may contain multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price, taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. Payment terms and conditions vary, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 90 days.

The Company primarily recognizes product revenues, service revenues, and rental revenues. Product revenues are generated from the sale of biopreservation media, ThawSTAR, and freezer products. We recognize product revenue, including shipping and handling charges billed to customers, when we transfer control of our products to our customers. Shipping and handling costs are classified as part of cost of product revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Service revenues are generated from the storage of biological and pharmaceutical materials. We recognize service revenues over time as services are performed or ratably over the contract term. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method or the most likely amount method, depending on the facts and circumstances relative to the contract. When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. Applying the practical expedient in paragraph 606-10-32-18, the Company does not assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when the Company performs its obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less. None of the Company’s contracts contained a significant financing component or variable consideration as of and during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

The Company also generates revenue from the leasing of our property, plant, and equipment, operating right-of-use assets, and evo cold chain systems to customers pursuant to service contracts or rental arrangements entered into with the customer. Revenue from these arrangements is not within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 606 as it is within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases. All customers leasing shippers currently do so under month-to-month rental arrangements. We account for these rental transactions as operating leases and record rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the rental term.

Business combinations

Amounts paid for acquisitions are allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, if any, based on their fair values at the dates of acquisition. This purchase price allocation process requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions with respect to intangible assets and deferred revenue obligations. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions determined by management. Any excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair value of contingent consideration includes estimates and judgments made by management regarding the probability that future contingent payments will be made, the extent of royalties to be earned in excess of the defined minimum royalties, etc. Management updates these estimates and the related fair value of contingent consideration at each reporting period based on the estimated probability of achieving the earnout targets and applying a discount rate that captures the risk associated with the expected contingent payments. To the extent our estimates change in the future regarding the likelihood of achieving these targets we may need to record material adjustments to our accrued contingent consideration. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration are recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We use the income approach to determine the fair value of certain identifiable intangible assets including customer relationships and developed technology. This approach determines fair value by estimating after-tax cash flows attributable to these assets over their respective useful lives and then discounting these after-tax cash flows back to a present value. We base our assumptions on estimates of future cash flows, expected growth rates, expected trends in technology, etc. We base the discount rates used to arrive at a present value as of the date of acquisition on the time value of money and certain industry-specific risk factors. We believe the estimated purchased customer relationships, developed technologies, trademarks, tradenames, patents, and in process research and development amounts so determined represent the fair value at the date of acquisition and do not exceed the amount a third party would pay for the assets.

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Intangible assets and goodwill

Intangible assets

Intangible assets with a definite life are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method and the amortization expense is recorded within intangible asset amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. If the estimate of a definite-lived intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life. Definite-lived intangible assets and their related estimated useful lives are reviewed at least annually to determine if any adverse conditions exist that would indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. The Company determined that no adverse conditions existed that would indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable.

Indefinite-lived intangibles are carried at the initially recorded fair value less any recognized impairment. In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) is initially capitalized at fair value as an intangible asset with an indefinite life. When the IPR&D project is complete, it is reclassified as a definite-lived intangible asset and is amortized over its estimated useful life. If an IPR&D project is abandoned, a charge would be recorded for the value of the related intangible asset to our Consolidated Statement of Operations in the period it is abandoned. Indefinite-lived intangibles are tested annually for impairment. Impairment assessments are conducted more frequently if certain conditions exist, including a change in the competitive landscape, any internal decisions to pursue new or different technology strategies, a loss of a significant customer, or a significant change in the marketplace, including changes in the prices paid for the Company’s products or changes in the size of the market for the Company’s products. If impairment indicators are present, the Company determines whether the underlying intangible asset is recoverable through estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If the asset is not found to be recoverable, it is written down to the estimated fair value of the asset based on the sum of the future discounted cash flows expected to result from the use and disposition of the asset. The Company performed a quantitative impairment test of one of the IPR&D assets acquired during 2021 during the fourth quarter of 2021 and determined that no impairment existed. The Company performed a qualitative test for the other IPR&D assets acquired during 2021 and determined that no impairment existed.

Goodwill

We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, and between annual tests if events and circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of our goodwill is less than its carrying value. Events that would indicate impairment and trigger an interim impairment assessment include, but are not limited to, current economic and market conditions, including a decline in the Company’s market capitalization, a significant adverse change in legal factors, business climate or operational performance of the business, and an adverse action or assessment by a regulator. Goodwill is tested for impairment in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances mentioned above. Accounting guidance also permits an optional qualitative assessment for goodwill to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. If, after this qualitative assessment, we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then no further quantitative testing would be necessary. A quantitative assessment is performed if the qualitative assessment results in a more likely than not determination or if a qualitative assessment is not performed. The quantitative assessment considers whether the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. The Company operates as one reporting unit as of the goodwill impairment measurement date in the fourth quarter of 2021. As of the testing date and the period after that date through the issuance date of our financial statements, the Company has observed no indicators of potential goodwill impairment at any point during the period based on its qualitative assessment.

Warranty guarantees

Our freezer and thaw and certain cell processing products are warranted to provide assurance that the product will function as expected and to ensure customer confidence in design and overall quality. Warranty coverage on our products is generally provided for specified periods of time and on select products' hours of usage, and generally covers parts, labor, and other expenses for non-maintenance repairs. Warranty coverage generally does not cover operator abuse or improper use.

At the time of sale, we recognize expense and record a warranty accrual by product line for estimated costs in connection with forecasted future warranty claims. Our estimate of the cost of future warranty claims is based primarily on the estimated number of products under warranty, historical average costs incurred to service warranty claims, the trend in the historical ratio of warranty claims for each part covered, and the historical length of time between the sale and resulting warranty claim. If applicable, historical claims experience may be adjusted for known product design improvements or for the impact of unusual product quality issues. We periodically assess the adequacy of our warranty accruals based on changes in our estimates and assumptions and record any necessary adjustments if the cost of actual claim experience differs from our estimate and indicates that adjustments to our warranty accrual are necessary. Factors that could have an impact on actual future claims and our warranty accrual include, but are not limited to, items such as performance of new products; product failure rates; factors impacting product usage, such as changes in sales volumes and shifts in product mix; manufacturing quality and product design issues, including significant manufacturing or design defects not discovered until after the product is delivered to customers; higher or lower than expected service and component part costs to satisfactorily address the repair, and, if applicable, changes to the warranty coverage periods. Additionally, from time to time, we also establish warranty accruals for our estimate of the costs necessary to settle major rework campaigns on a product-specific basis during the period in which the circumstances giving rise to the major rework campaign become known and when the costs to satisfactorily address the situation are both probable and estimable. The warranty accrual for the cost of a major rework campaign is primarily based on an estimate of the cost to repair each affected unit and the number of affected units expected to be repaired.

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We believe that our analysis of historical warranty claim trends and knowledge of potential manufacturing and/or product design improvements or issues provide sufficient information to establish a reasonable estimate for the cost of future warranty claims at the time of sale and our warranty accruals as of the date of our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We believe that our $9.4 million warranty accrual as of December 31, 2021 is adequate and historically has been adequate; however, due to the inherent uncertainty in the accrual estimation process, including forecasting future warranty claims, costs associated with servicing future warranty claims, and unexpected major rework campaigns that may arise in the future, our actual warranty costs incurred may differ from our warranty accrual estimate. An unexpected increase in warranty claims and/or in the costs associated with servicing those claims would result in an increase in our warranty accruals and a decrease in our net earnings.

Contingent consideration

We estimate the acquisition date fair value of the acquisition-related contingent consideration using various valuation approaches, including option pricing models and Monte Carlo simulations, as well as significant unobservable inputs, reflecting the Company’s assessment of the assumptions market participants would use to value these liabilities. The fair value of the contingent consideration is remeasured each reporting period, with any change in the value recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Operations as change in fair value of contingent consideration.

Stock-based compensation

We measure and record compensation expense using the applicable accounting guidance for share-based payments related to stock options, time-based restricted stock, market-based restricted stock awards and performance-based awards granted to our directors and employees. The fair value of stock options is determined by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of market-based restricted stock awards is estimated, at the date of grant, using the Monte Carlo Simulation model. The Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo Simulation valuation models incorporate assumptions as to stock price volatility, the expected life of options or awards, a risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. In valuing our stock options and market-based stock awards, significant judgment is required in determining the expected volatility of our common stock. Expected volatility for stock options is based on the historical and implied volatility of our own common stock while the volatility for our market-based restricted stock awards is based on the historical volatility of our own stock and the stock of companies within our defined peer group. Further, our expected volatility may change in the future, which could substantially change the grant-date fair value of future awards and, ultimately, the expense we record. The fair value of restricted stock, including performance awards, without a market condition is estimated using the current market price of our common stock on the date of grant.

We expense stock-based compensation for stock options, restricted stock awards, and performance awards over the requisite service period. For awards with only a service condition, we expense stock-based compensation using the straight-line method over the requisite service period for the entire award. For awards with a market condition, we expense over the vesting period regardless of the value that the award recipients will ultimately receive.

Provision for income taxes

The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required considers both positive and negative evidence when determining whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets are recoverable. In making this assessment, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. In its evaluation, the Company considered its cumulative loss and its forecasted losses in the near-term as significant negative evidence. Based upon a review of the four sources of income identified within ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes, the Company determined that the Company’s recorded deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2021 would be a sufficient source of taxable income to realize all of its deferred tax assets except for a portion of its net operating loss carryforwards. As a result, a partial valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets was recorded as of December 31, 2021. The Company will continue to assess the realizability of its assets going forward and will adjust the valuation allowance as needed.

The Company determines its uncertain tax positions based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the relevant income tax authorities. The Company is generally subject to examination by U.S. federal and local income tax authorities for all tax years in which loss carryforward is available.

The Company applies judgment in the determination of the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has an unrecorded tax benefit of $255,000 related to tax attributes being carried forward. The Company is generally subject to examination by U.S. federal and local income tax authorities for all tax years in which loss carryforward is available.

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As of December 31, 2021, the Company had U.S. federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $120.6 million, which is available to reduce future taxable income. Approximately $39.5 million of NOL will expire from 2022 through 2037, and approximately $81.1 million of NOL will be carried forward indefinitely. The NOL carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation in the event of certain cumulative changes in the ownership interest. This limits the amount of tax attributes that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income or tax liabilities. Subsequent ownership changes may further affect the limitation in future years.

Recent accounting standards update

See Note 1: “Organization and significant accounting policies – recent accounting pronouncements,” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information.

Results of operations

The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and the related footnotes thereto.

Revenue

Revenues diversified significantly in the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. This diversification was primarily driven by the acquisition of Global Cooling and Sexton in May and September of 2021, respectively. Most notably, the Company’s freezer and thaw revenues increased by 318% as a result of the acquisition of Global Cooling and growth in LN2 freezer sales. Revenues also diversified significantly in the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. This diversification was primarily driven by the acquisition of SciSafe in October of 2020 and the recognition of a full year of revenue from the acquisition of Custom Biogenic Systems in November of 2019. Given the Company’s acquisition strategy, we expect product diversification to continue in future periods as the Company executes its strategy and makes additional acquisitions.

Revenue concentrations with one customer increased to 17% in the year ended December 31, 2021 from 13% from a different customer in the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily as a result of concentrations of sales to a prominent international distributor. Revenue concentrations with one customer decreased to 13% in the year ended December 31, 2020 from 15% from the same customer in the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily due to the expansion of the Company’s customer base through the aforementioned acquisitions. We expect customer concentrations to diminish as revenues increase and we expand our presence in the global markets in which we participate.

Revenue for years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 were comprised of the following:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |  |  | 2021 vs. 2020 |  |  | 2020 vs. 2019 |
(In thousands, except percentages) |  | 2021(1) |  |  | 2020(2) |  |  | 2019(3) |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Product revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Freezer and thaw |  | $ | 56,620 |  |  | $ | 13,548 |  |  | $ | 3,312 |  |  | $ | 43,072 |  |  |  | 318 | % |  | $ | 10,236 |  |  |  | 309 | %
Cell processing |  |  | 44,965 |  |  |  | 30,946 |  |  |  | 23,367 |  |  |  | 14,019 |  |  |  | 45 | % |  |  | 7,579 |  |  |  | 32 | %
Storage and cold chain services |  |  | 328 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 165 |  |  |  | 282 |  |  |  | 613 | % |  |  | (119 | ) |  |  | (72 | )%
Service revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Storage and cold chain services |  |  | 9,817 |  |  |  | 1,752 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 8,065 |  |  |  | 460 | % |  |  | 1,752 |  |  |  | - | %
Rental revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Storage and cold chain services |  |  | 7,426 |  |  |  | 1,795 |  |  |  | 527 |  |  |  | 5,631 |  |  |  | 314 | % |  |  | 1,268 |  |  |  | 241 | %
Total revenue |  | $ | 119,156 |  |  | $ | 48,087 |  |  | $ | 27,371 |  |  | $ | 71,069 |  |  |  | 148 | % |  | $ | 20,716 |  |  |  | 76 | %

(1) | 2021 revenue includes product revenue related to Global Cooling from May 3, 2021 through December 31, 2021 and product revenue related to Sexton from September 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021.
(2) | 2020 revenue includes service revenue related to SciSafe from October 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020.
(3) | 2019 revenue includes product revenue related to Astero from April 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019; rental revenue related to SAVSU from August 8, 2019 through December 31, 2019; and product revenue related to CBS from November 12, 2019 through December 31, 2019.

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In the year ended December 31, 2021, revenue increased by $71.1 million, or 148%, from the year ended December 31, 2020. Of this increase, $40.9 million, or 85%, was driven by inorganic growth from the acquisitions of Global Cooling and Sexton. The remaining $30.2 million, or 63%, of the increase was driven primarily by organic growth in our biological and pharmaceutical storage and biopreservation media product lines of $13.0 million and $12.2 million, respectively.

In the year ended December 31, 2020, revenue increased by $20.7 million, or 76%, from the year ended December 31, 2019. Of this increase, $1.8 million, or 6%, was driven by inorganic growth from the acquisition of SciSafe. The remaining $18.9 million, or 70%, of the increase was driven primarily by organic growth in our biopreservation media product line of $7.6 million and the recognition of a full year of revenue from the acquisition of Custom Biogenic Systems in November of 2019, which contributed $9.7 million of incremental revenue in 2020.

Revenue is impacted by the relatively high degree of customer concentration, the timing of orders, the development efforts of our customers or end-users and regulatory approvals for biologics that incorporate our products, which may result in significant quarterly fluctuations. Such fluctuations are expected, but they may not be predictive of future revenue or otherwise indicative of a trend.

Costs and operating expenses

Total costs and operating expenses for years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 were comprised of the following:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |  |  | 2021 vs. 2020 |  |  | 2020 vs. 2019 |
(In thousands, except percentages) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % |
Cost of product, rental, and service revenue |  | $ | 82,108 |  |  | $ | 20,646 |  |  | $ | 8,760 |  |  | $ | 61,462 |  |  |  | 298 | % |  | $ | 11,886 |  |  |  | 136 | %
Research and development |  |  | 11,821 |  |  |  | 6,720 |  |  |  | 3,168 |  |  |  | 5,101 |  |  |  | 76 | % |  |  | 3,552 |  |  |  | 112 | %
Sales and marketing |  |  | 14,006 |  |  |  | 6,413 |  |  |  | 4,701 |  |  |  | 7,593 |  |  |  | 118 | % |  |  | 1,712 |  |  |  | 36 | %
General and administrative |  |  | 32,448 |  |  |  | 14,607 |  |  |  | 8,893 |  |  |  | 17,841 |  |  |  | 122 | % |  |  | 5,714 |  |  |  | 64 | %
Intangible asset amortization |  |  | 8,202 |  |  |  | 3,033 |  |  |  | 1,079 |  |  |  | 5,169 |  |  |  | 170 | % |  |  | 1,954 |  |  |  | 181 | %
Acquisition costs |  |  | 1,636 |  |  |  | 668 |  |  |  | 940 |  |  |  | 968 |  |  |  | 145 | % |  |  | (272 | ) |  |  | (29 | )%
Change in fair value of contingent consideration |  |  | 2,875 |  |  |  | 1,575 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 1,300 |  |  |  | 83 | % |  |  | 1,525 |  |  |  | 3,050 | %
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 153,096 |  |  | $ | 53,662 |  |  | $ | 27,591 |  |  | $ | 99,434 |  |  |  | 185 | % |  | $ | 26,071 |  |  |  | 94 | %

Cost of product, rental, and service revenue

In the year ended December 31, 2021, cost of product, rental, and service revenue increased $61.5 million or 298% from the year ended December 31, 2020. Of this increase, $44.2 million, or 214%, was driven by inorganic growth from the acquisitions of Global Cooling and Sexton. The remaining $17.3 million, or 84%, of the increase was driven primarily by organic growth in our biopreservation media and biological and pharmaceutical storage product lines.

In the year ended December 31, 2020, cost of product, rental, and service revenue increased $11.9 million or 136% from the year ended December 31, 2019. Of this increase, $1.2 million, or 14%, was driven by inorganic growth from the acquisition of SciSafe. The remaining $10.7 million, or 122%, of the increase driven primarily by organic growth in our biopreservation media product line and the recognition of a full year of costs from the acquisition of Custom Biogenic Systems in November of 2019.

We expect the cost of product, rental, and service revenue to fluctuate in future quarters based on production volumes, product mix, and the impact of any future acquisitions.

Cost of product, rental, and service revenue as a percentage of revenue was 69%, 43%, and 32% for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Cost of product, rental, and service revenue in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 includes $1.1 million, $411,000, and $289,000, respectively, in inventory step-up expense recorded in the purchase accounting of our Global Cooling, Custom Biogenic Systems, and AsteroBio acquisitions.

The increase in cost of product, rental, and service revenue as a percentage of revenue to 69% in the year ended December 31, 2021 from 43% in the year ended December 31, 2020 is primarily a result of the acquisitions of Global Cooling and Sexton, which were acquired in May and September of 2021, respectively. Of the increase noted, $43.0 million was recognized by Global Cooling and $1.2 million was recognized by Sexton. $9.8 million of the costs recognized by Global Cooling were incurred in relation to warranty expenses. In the third and fourth quarters of 2021, Global Cooling experienced supply chain disruptions related to sheet metal and electronic components that incorporate semiconductor chips that led to increased supplier pricing and delays in production that led to a lower margin profile than we believe to otherwise be achievable. We believe that the supply chain risks that were present in these quarters have been significantly mitigated through the diversification of sheet metal suppliers and strategic agreements with electronic component suppliers.

The increase in cost of product, rental, and service revenue as a percentage of revenue to 43% in the year ended December 31, 2020 from 32% in the year ended December 31, 2019 is primarily a result of the acquisition of SciSafe, which was acquired in October of 2020 and the recognition of a full year of costs from the acquisition of Custom Biogenic Systems in November of 2019. Of the increase noted, SciSafe recognized $1.2 million, whereas the incremental costs recognized by Custom Biogenic Systems in the year ended December 31, 2021 amounted to $7.2 million.

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Research and development expenses

During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, research and development (“R&D”) expense consisted primarily of personnel-related costs, consulting, and external product development services.

R&D expense increased $5.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, or 76%, compared with the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase is primarily due to in-process research and development costs associated with the freezer technology acquired in the acquisition of Global Cooling.

R&D expense increased $3.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2020, or 112%, compared with the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase is primarily due to recognition of a full year of research and development activity from the acquisitions of Custom Biogenic Systems, SAVSU, and AsteroBio in the year ended December 31, 2019. Additionally, the Company invested increased levels of capital into the refinement of its cold chain shipper products in the year ended December 31, 2020.

We expect our R&D expense to increase as we continue to expand, develop, and refine our product lines.

Sales and marketing expenses

Sales and marketing expense (“S&M”) consisted primarily of personnel-related costs, stock compensation expense, trade shows, sales commissions and advertising.

S&M expense increased $7.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, or 118%, compared with the year ended December 31, 2020. Of this increase, $4.4 million, or 68%, was incurred by Global Cooling. The remaining costs primarily relate to additional headcount of $1.2 million, commission expense associated with organic revenue growth of $413,000, and stock-based compensation of $691,000.

S&M expense increased $1.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2020, or 36%, compared with the year ended December 31, 2019. Of this increase, $336,000 was composed of incremental costs associated with a full year’s ownership of Custom Biogenic Systems, $306,000 was composed of incremental costs associated with a full year’s ownership of SAVSU, and $139,000 was composed of incremental costs associated with a full year’s ownership of AsteroBio. The remaining costs primarily relate to additional headcount of $506,000.

We expect S&M expense to increase, as we expand our product line offerings and our presence in the markets in which we participate.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative (“G&A”) expense consists primarily of personnel-related expenses, non-cash stock-based compensation for administrative personnel and members of the board of directors, professional fees, such as accounting and legal, and corporate insurance.

In the year ended December 31, 2021, G&A expenses increased by $17.8 million, or 122%, compared with the year ended December 31, 2020. Of this increase, $4.2 million, or 29%, was incurred by Global Cooling. The remaining costs primarily relate to stock-based compensation awarded to attract and retain talent of $4.4 million, accounting fees of $1.4 million, insurance expense of $524,000, and the continued buildout of our administrative infrastructure, predominantly through increased headcount of $4.6 million, to support expected future growth.

In the year ended December 31, 2020, G&A expenses increased by $5.7 million, or 64%, compared with the year ended December 31, 2019. Of this increase, $1.3 million, or 22%, was composed of incremental costs associated with a full year’s ownership of Custom Biogenic Systems and $471,000, or 8%, associated with a full year’s ownership of SAVSU. The remaining costs primarily relate to stock-based compensation awarded to attract and retain talent and the continued buildout of our administrative infrastructure, predominantly through increased headcount, to support expected future growth.

We expect G&A expense to increase as we continue to execute on our growth strategy.

Intangible asset amortization expense

Amortization expense consists of charges related to the amortization of intangible assets associated with the acquisitions of Global Cooling, Custom Biogenic Systems, SciSafe, SAVSU, and AsteroBio in which we acquired definite-lived intangible assets.

Acquisition costs

Acquisition costs consist of legal, accounting, third-party valuations, and other due diligence costs related to our Global Cooling, Custom Biogenic Systems, SciSafe, Sexton, SAVSU, and AsteroBio acquisitions.

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

Change in fair value of contingent consideration consists of changes in estimated fair value of our potential earnouts related to our SciSafe, CBS, and Astero acquisitions.

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Other income and expenses

Total other income and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 were comprised of the following:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |  |  | 2021 vs. 2020 |  |  | 2020 vs. 2019 |
(In thousands, except percentages) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Change in fair value of warrant liability |  | $ | (121 | ) |  | $ | 3,601 |  |  | $ | (12,835 | ) |  | $ | (3,722 | ) |  |  | (103 | )% |  | $ | 16,436 |  |  |  | (128 | )%
Change in fair value of investments |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,319 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,319 | ) |  |  | (100 | )% |  |  | 1,319 |  |  |  | - | %
Interest (expense) income, net |  |  | (432 | ) |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 501 |  |  |  | (490 | ) |  |  | (845 | )% |  |  | (443 | ) |  |  | (88 | )%
Other income (expense) |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | - | % |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Loss from equity-method investment in SAVSU |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (739 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - | % |  |  | 739 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Gain on acquisition of SAVSU |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 10,108 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - | % |  |  | (10,108 | ) |  |  | (100 | )%
Gain on acquisition of Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. |  |  | 6,451 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,451 |  |  |  | - | % |  |  | - |  |  |  | - | %
Total other income (expense), net |  | $ | 6,187 |  |  | $ | 4,978 |  |  | $ | (2,978 | ) |  | $ | 1,209 |  |  |  | 24 | % |  | $ | 7,956 |  |  |  | (267 | )%

Change in fair value of warrant liability. Reflects the changes in fair value associated with the periodic “mark-to-market” valuation of certain warrants that were issued in 2014. See Note 1: “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” of our accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements “Certain Warrants which have Features that may Result in Cash Settlement” for more information.

Change in fair value of investments. Reflects the fair value adjustments to our investment in iVexSol convertible debt prior to its conversion to Series A-1 Preferred Stock. The fair value was determined by expected term of the instrument, the underlying credit worthiness of iVexSol and the valuation of various embedded features in the note, which were based on future financings of iVexSol. The expected term range of our estimate was 1 to 5 years, with projected weighting over this term.

Interest (expense) income, net. Interest expense incurred in the year ended December 31, 2021 related primarily to three term loans that were assumed in the acquisition of Global Cooling. These term loans were refinanced in the fourth quarter of 2021 to obtain more favorable interest rates to the Company. We also earn interest on cash held in our money market account. Despite having a higher average cash balance in the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, yields in our money market account dropped steeply between February and March of 2020 due to reduced interest rates set by the United States Federal Reserve, causing interest income to be significantly lower for the remainder of 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2021.

Loss on equity method investment. Reflects the non-cash loss associated with our proportionate share of the net loss in our investment in SAVSU prior to our acquisition of the remaining shares of SAVSU and subsequent consolidation of SAVSU in our financial statements.

Gain on acquisition of SAVSU. Reflects the non-cash gain associated with our equity investment in SAVSU due to the step-acquisition of the remaining shares of SAVSU and subsequent consolidation of SAVSU in our financial statements.

Gain on acquisition of Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. Reflects the non-cash gain associated with our investment in Sexton due to the step-acquisition of the remaining shares of Sexton and subsequent consolidation of Sexton in our financial statements.

Income Tax Benefit

Income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |  |  | 2021 vs. 2020 |  |  | 2020 vs. 2019 |
(In thousands, except percentages) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Income tax benefit |  | $ | 20,118 |  |  | $ | 3,264 |  |  | $ | 1,541 |  |  | $ | 16,854 |  |  |  | 516 | % |  | $ | 1,723 |  |  |  | 112 | %
Effective tax rate |  |  | 72 | % |  |  | 547 | % |  |  | 47 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The income tax benefit recognized in the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily related to losses generated in 2021 and the recognition of the release of our valuation allowance related to the acquisition of Global Cooling. Our effective tax rate for 2021 was higher than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to windfall benefits on stock compensation, 162(m) limitations on executive compensation, and the change in our valuation allowance.

The income tax benefit recognized in the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily related to the partial release of our valuation allowance related to the acquisition of SciSafe. Our effective tax rate in 2020 was significantly higher than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to windfall benefits on stock compensation, changes in the fair value of our warrant liability, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration, and the expiration of net operating losses.

The income tax benefit recognized in the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily related to the recognition of partial release of our valuation allowance related to the acquisitions of SAVSU and Astero. Our effective tax rate was higher than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due primarily to changes in the fair value of our warrant liability, windfall benefits on stock compensation, and gain recognized on our acquisition of SAVSU.

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Liquidity and capital resources

We believe our cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from operations, and credit lines will satisfy, for at least the next twelve months, our liquidity requirements, both globally and domestically, including the following: working capital needs, capital expenditures, business acquisitions, contractual obligations, commitments, principal and interest payments on debt, and other liquidity requirements associated with our operations. We have not identified any material liquidity concerns as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

On December 31, 2021, we had $69.9 million in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $90.4 million as of December 31, 2020. The decrease in cash is primarily due to the payoff of debt and liabilities acquired in the Global Cooling transaction, the use of capital for funding operations, and the expansion of our storage services footprint both domestically and in the Netherlands.

On May 22, 2020, the Company closed on a share purchase agreement with Casdin Capital LLC, a current stockholder of the Company, pursuant to which Casdin invested $20.0 million in the Company at $10.50 per share.

On July 7, 2020, the Company closed its public offering of 5,951,250 shares of common stock at the public offering price of $14.50 per share, which includes the shares purchased pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters' option to purchase up to an additional 776,250 shares of its common stock. The net proceeds from the public offering to BioLife, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated underwriter offering expenses of $6.1 million, were approximately $80.2 million.

On October 1, 2020, we acquired SciSafe for $15.0 million in cash, 611,683 shares of common stock, and up to 626,000 additional shares of common stock as contingent consideration. 64,130 of the additional shares were earned as of December 31, 2021 and will be issued in the year ended December 31, 2022.

Cash flows

|  | Year Ended December 31, |  |  | 2021 vs. 2020 |  |  | 2020 vs. 2019 |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Operating activities |  | $ | (4,593 | ) |  | $ | 6,645 |  |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | (11,238 | ) |  |  | (169 | )% |  | $ | 5,432 |  |  |  | 448 | %
Investing activities |  |  | (13,192 | ) |  |  | (24,715 | ) |  |  | (27,018 | ) |  |  | 11,523 |  |  |  | (47 | )% |  |  | 2,303 |  |  |  | (9 | )%
Financing activities |  |  | (2,778 | ) |  |  | 102,078 |  |  |  | 1,596 |  |  |  | (104,856 | ) |  |  | (103 | )% |  |  | 100,482 |  |  |  | 6,296 | %
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | (20,563 | ) |  | $ | 84,008 |  |  | $ | (24,209 | ) |  | $ | (104,571 | ) |  |  | (124 | )% |  | $ | 108,217 |  |  |  | (447 | )%

Operating activities

In the year ended December 31, 2021, our operating activities used cash of $4.6 million reflecting net loss of $7.6 million and non-cash charges totaling $6.6 million primarily related to depreciation, amortization, changes in the fair value of investments, changes in fair value of contingent consideration, deferred income tax benefit, stock-based compensation, and non-cash lease charges. An increase in accounts receivable of $10.1 million was primarily driven by the 148% year-to-date increase in revenues. The remaining cash provided by operating activities resulted from favorable changes in various other working capital accounts.

In the year ended December 31, 2020, our operating activities provided cash of $6.6 million reflecting net income of $2.7 million and non-cash charges totaling $5.8 million primarily related to depreciation, amortization, changes in the fair value of investments, changes in fair value of contingent consideration, income tax benefit related to the acquisition of SciSafe, change in the fair value of the warrant liability, and stock-based compensation charges. An increase in accounts receivable of $1.8 million was primarily driven by the 76% year-to-date increase in revenues and an increase in inventory used $629,000 to support future revenue. These cash items used for operating activities were offset by cash items provided by operating activities that included an increase in accrued liabilities of $780,000. The remaining cash used in operating activities resulted from unfavorable changes in various other working capital accounts.

In the year ended December 31, 2019, our operating activities provided cash of $1.2 million, reflecting a net loss of $1.7 million and non-cash charges totaling $7.3 million primarily related to depreciation, amortization, gain on acquisition of SAVSU, changes in fair value contingent consideration, income tax benefit related to the acquisition of SAVSU, fair value change in warrant liability and stock-based compensation charges. An increase in accounts receivable used $290,000 of cash and was primarily driven by the 39% year-to-date increase in revenues and an increase in inventory used $3.8 million to support future revenue. These cash items used for operating activities were offset by cash items provided by operating activities that included an increase in accounts payable of $768,000. The remaining cash used in operating activities resulted from unfavorable changes in various other working capital accounts.

Investing activities

Our investing activities used $13.2 million of cash in the year ended December 31, 2021. We acquired $1.6 million in cash in the acquisitions of Global Cooling and Sexton. Capital expenditures and purchases of assets held for rent used $14.8 million as we continue to invest in our manufacturing and storage facilities.

Our investing activities used $24.7 million of cash in the year ended December 31, 2020. We used $15.0 million in cash for the SciSafe acquisition. We also invested $1.0 million and $995,000 in our strategic investments in iVexSol and PanTHERA, respectively. Capital expenditures, deposits on future capital expenditures, purchases of assets held for rent, and deposits made on assets held for rent used $7.8 million.

Our investing activities used $27.0 million of cash in the year ended December 31, 2019. We used $12.4 million, acquired $1.3 million, and used $11.0 million in cash for the Astero, SAVSU, and CBS acquisitions, respectively. We also invested $1.0 million and $1.5 million in our strategic investments in iVexSol and Sexton, respectively. Capital expenditures used $2.3 million in our manufacturing facilities and to increase SAVSU’s assets held for rent.

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Financing activities

In the year ended December 31, 2021, cash used by financing activities was $2.8 million. We used $4.2 million to pay off the line of credit assumed in the acquisition of Global Cooling. Other significant cash flows include $1.6 million provided by lenders to finance equipment for our continued expansion, $1.4 million provided by the exercise of stock options, and $1.0 million used to pay financed insurance premiums.

In the year ended December 31, 2020, cash provided by financing activities was $102.1 million. We received $100.1 million from the sale of common shares and $1.5 million from the proceeds of warrant and stock option exercises. We used $483,000 for contingent consideration related to the Astero acquisition.

In the year ended December 31, 2019, cash provided by financing activities of $1.6 million included $1.8 million from the proceeds of warrant and stock option exercises.

Impacts of COVID-19

Our domestic and international operations have been and continue to be affected by the ongoing global pandemic of COVID-19 and the resulting volatility and uncertainty it has caused in the U.S. and international markets. During the year ended December 31, 2021, many businesses and countries, including the U.S., continued applying preventative and precautionary measures to mitigate the spread of the virus including government orders and other restrictions on the conduct of business operations.

In the year ended December 31, 2021, we experienced supply chain disruptions due to the effects of COVID-19 on our suppliers of sheet metal and electronic components that incorporate semiconductor chips. These supply chain disruptions decreased the Company’s profitability as a result of increased supplier pricing and production stoppages. We believe that the supply chain risks that were present have been significantly mitigated through the diversification of sheet metal suppliers and strategic agreements with electronic component suppliers. However, we cannot be assured that a continued or prolonged global pandemic will not have other negative impacts on our manufacturing and shipping processes or our product costs. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affects our future financial results and operations will depend on future developments which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the recurrence, severity and/or duration of the ongoing pandemic, and current or future domestic and international actions to contain and treat COVID-19.

We are following public and private sector policies and initiatives to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, such as the imposition of travel restrictions and the promotion of social distancing and work-from-home arrangements. We are taking a variety of measures to ensure the availability and functioning of our critical infrastructure, to promote the safety and security of our employees and to support the communities in which we operate. These measures include increasing our raw materials, manufacturing safe stock inventory for our biopreservation media and expanding availability of our biological and pharmaceutical storage, requiring remote working arrangements for employees who are not integral to physically making and shipping our products or who do not need specialized equipment to perform their work, restricting on-site visits by non-employees and implementing social distancing protocols and investing in personal protective equipment. Beginning April 2, 2020, BioLife became actively engaged in managing the company COVID-19 response and protocols in accordance with federal, state and local regulations. BioLife has mandated mask wearing for all team members on-site throughout the pandemic per the guidelines and regulations in place. COVID-19 response is actively managed through daily reporting, contact tracing and quarantine guidelines as published by the CDC and state health departments in order to maintain safe working conditions. As a part of our COVID-19 response, on-site visitors have been limited to essential visitors only in order to reduce risk of transmission. Additionally, throughout the pandemic, BioLife has encouraged positions not essential to being on-site to work remotely in order to further reduce transmission rates and potential contact.

Contractual obligations

Our cash flows from operations are dependent on a number of factors, including fluctuations in our operating results, accounts receivable collections, inventory management, and the timing of tax and other payments. As a result, the impact of contractual obligations on our liquidity and capital resources in future periods should be analyzed in conjunction with such factors.

The following summarizes certain of our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our cash flows in future periods:

(In thousands) |  | Less than 1 year |  |  | 1 - 3 years |  |  | 3 - 5 years |  |  | More than 5 years |  |  | Total |
Long-term debt, including interest⁽¹⁾ |  | $ | 1,175 |  |  | $ | 3,618 |  |  | $ | 1,009 |  |  | $ | 2,623 |  |  | $ | 8,425 |
Operating leases⁽²⁾ |  |  | 3,443 |  |  |  | 6,034 |  |  |  | 4,503 |  |  |  | 8,364 |  |  |  | 22,344 |
Financing leases⁽²⁾ |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 272 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 482 |
Purchase obligations⁽³⁾ |  |  | 254 |  |  |  | 507 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 761 |
Total |  | $ | 5,043 |  |  | $ | 10,431 |  |  | $ | 5,551 |  |  | $ | 10,987 |  |  | $ | 32,012 |

(1) | These amounts represent expected cash payments, including principal and interest. Debt obligations are described in Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2) | Lease obligations are described in Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(3) | Purchase obligations are defined as agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, fixed, minimum or variable pricing provisions and the approximate timing of the transactions.

Purchase orders or contracts for the purchase of supplies and other goods and services are not included in the table above. We are not able to determine the aggregate amount of such purchase orders that represent contractual obligations, as purchase orders may represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements. Our purchase orders are based on our current procurement or developmental needs and fulfilled by our vendors within short time horizons.

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Capital requirements

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the following:

| ● | the expansion of our cell and gene therapy tools and services business;

| ● | the ability to sustain product revenue and profits of our cell and gene therapy products and services;
| ● | The degree to which we implement additional automated production equipment throughout our facilities;

| ● | our ability to acquire additional cell and gene therapy products and services;

| ● | the scope of and progress made in our research and development activities; and

| ● | the success of any proposed financing efforts.

Absent acquisitions of additional products, product candidates, or intellectual property, we believe our current cash balances are adequate to meet our cash needs for at least the next 12 months. We expect operating expenses in the year ending December 31, 2022 to increase as we continue to expand our CGT tools business. We expect to incur continued spending related to the development and expansion of our product lines and expansion of our commercial capabilities for the foreseeable future. Our future capital requirements may include, but are not limited to, purchases of property, plant and equipment, the acquisition of additional cell and gene therapy products and technologies to complement our existing manufacturing capabilities, and continued investment in our intellectual property portfolio.

We actively evaluate various strategic transactions on an ongoing basis, including acquiring complementary products, technologies or businesses that would complement our existing portfolio. We continue to seek to acquire such potential assets that may offer us the best opportunity to create value for our shareholders. In order to acquire such assets, we may need to seek additional financing to fund these investments. If our available cash balances and anticipated cash flow from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, including because of any such acquisition-related financing needs or lower demand for our products, we may seek to sell common or preferred equity or convertible debt securities, enter into a credit facility or another form of third-party funding, or seek other debt funding. The sale of equity and convertible debt securities may result in dilution to our stockholders, and those securities may have rights senior to those of our common shares. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of preferred stock, convertible debt securities or other debt financing, these securities or other debt could contain covenants that would restrict our operations. Any other third-party funding arrangement could require us to relinquish valuable rights. We may require additional capital beyond our currently anticipated amounts. Additional capital may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all.

ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company operates internationally, and thus is subject to potentially adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. Approximately 1% of the Company's consolidated net sales in the year ended December 31, 2021 were made in euros. The Company is exposed to market risk primarily from foreign exchange rate fluctuations of the euro as compared to the U.S. dollar as the financial position and operating results of the Company's foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars for consolidation.

Month-end exchange rates between the euro and the U.S. dollar, which have not been weighted for actual sales volume in the applicable months in the periods, were as follows:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
High |  | $ | 1.24 |  |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |
Low |  | $ | 1.12 |  |  | $ | 1.06 |  |  | $ | 1.09 |
Average |  | $ | 1.18 |  |  | $ | 1.14 |  |  | $ | 1.12 |

The Company's exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations also arises from trade receivables and intercompany payables denominated in one currency in the financial statements, but receivable or payable in another currency.

The Company does not enter into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce its exposure to foreign currency rate changes on forecasted intercompany sales transactions or on intercompany foreign currency denominated balance sheet positions. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in "Other income (expense)" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The effect of translating net assets of foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as part of "Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes".

The effects of a hypothetical 10% appreciation in the U.S. dollar from December 31, 2021 levels against the euro are as follows (in thousands):

Decrease in translation of 2021 earnings into U.S. dollars |  | $ | 46 |
Decrease in translation of net assets of foreign subsidiaries |  | $ | 1,132 |

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ITEM 8. | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

|  | Page No.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (BDO USA, LLP, Seattle, Washington, PCAOB ID#243) |  | 39
Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 41
Consolidated Statements of Operations |  | 42
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | 43
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity |  | 44
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 45
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 46

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Shareholders and Board of Directors

BioLife Solutions, Inc.

Bothell, Washington

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of BioLife Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and our report dated March 31, 2022 expressed an adverse opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Contingent Consideration – SciSafe Holdings (“SciSafe”)

As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, contingent consideration liabilities are recorded at fair value on the acquisition date and are revalued each reporting period, with changes in the fair value recognized within the consolidated statement of operations. As of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a contingent consideration liability associated with the October 1, 2020 acquisition of SciSafe of $9.9 million and a change in fair value of $3.0 million. Management estimated the fair value of contingent consideration through valuation models that incorporate unobservable inputs including projected revenue, revenue and asset volatility, and discount rates. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration can result from changes to one or multiple assumptions.

We identified the estimation of the fair value of the SciSafe contingent consideration liability as a critical audit matter. The determination of the SciSafe contingent consideration liability’s fair value requires management to make significant judgments including the appropriateness of the valuation model and the reasonableness of estimates and assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the fair value of the SciSafe contingent consideration liability. Auditing these elements involved especially challenging auditor judgment due to the subjectivity and the nature and extent of audit effort required to address the matter, including the extent of specialized skill or knowledge needed.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

| ● | Assessing the reasonableness of certain significant assumptions used in the valuation model, through: (i) comparing historical forecasts to SciSafe’s actual performance, (ii) evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions (including revenue projections) against current budgets and the expected performance of SciSafe, and (iii) evaluating the impact of alternative assumptions on the measurements and comparing to management’s estimate.

| ● | Utilizing professionals with specialized skills and knowledge to assist in evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation model utilized by management and to assess the reasonableness of assumptions and accuracy of the underlying calculations used by management to develop the discount rate, revenue volatility, and asset volatility applied to the revenue forecast.

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Business Combinations – Valuation of Acquired Intangible Assets

As described in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements, on May 3, 2021, the Company acquired Global Cooling, Inc. (“GCI”) for purchase consideration of approximately $234.9 million and on September 1, 2021, the Company acquired Sexton Biotechnologies (“Sexton”) for purchase consideration of approximately $39.9 million. Management applied significant judgment in estimating the fair value of the identifiable intangible assets including in-process research and development assets, developed technology, customer relationships, and tradenames.

We identified the determination of the fair values of the identifiable intangible assets as a critical audit matter. The Company’s estimation of the acquisition date fair values of certain identifiable intangible assets is complex, requires management’s judgment and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including selection of the appropriate valuation methodology, revenue growth rates, forecasted expenses, royalty rates, and discount rates. Auditing these elements involved especially challenging and subjective auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit effort required to address these matters, including the extent of specialized skill or knowledge needed.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

● | Assessing the reasonableness of projected revenue growth rates and forecasted expenses through: (i) evaluating historical performance of the target entities, and (ii) assessing financial projections against market trends, industry metrics and peer-group/guideline companies.

● | Utilizing personnel with specialized knowledge and skill with valuation to assist in: (i) assessing the reasonableness of royalty rates and discount rates incorporated into the various valuation models, and (ii) assessing the appropriateness of various valuation models utilized by management to determine the fair values of the intangible assets.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2019.

Seattle, Washington

March 31, 2022

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Consolidated Balance Sheets

|  | December 31, |
(In thousands, except per share and share data) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 69,860 |  |  | $ | 90,403 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 53 |
Accounts receivable, trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $275 and $85 as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively |  |  | 23,217 |  |  |  | 8,006 |
Inventories |  |  | 28,345 |  |  |  | 11,602 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 4,427 |  |  |  | 4,648 |
Total current assets |  |  | 125,859 |  |  |  | 114,712 |
Assets held for rent, net |  |  | 9,809 |  |  |  | 4,705 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 17,657 |  |  |  | 10,120 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net |  |  | 18,705 |  |  |  | 9,675 |
Financing lease right-of-use assets, net |  |  | 440 |  |  |  | 17 |
Long-term deposits and other assets |  |  | 325 |  |  |  | 230 |
Investments |  |  | 4,372 |  |  |  | 5,872 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 152,149 |  |  |  | 31,049 |
Goodwill |  |  | 224,741 |  |  |  | 58,449 |
Total assets |  | $ | 554,057 |  |  | $ | 234,829 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 14,945 |  |  | $ | 3,672 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 7,142 |  |  |  | 4,543 |
Warranty liability |  |  | 9,398 |  |  |  | 212 |
Lease liabilities, operating, current portion |  |  | 2,758 |  |  |  | 1,107 |
Lease liabilities, financing, current portion |  |  | 149 |  |  |  | 8 |
Debt, current portion |  |  | 862 |  |  |  | 614 |
Warrant liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,780 |
Contingent consideration, current portion |  |  | 5,127 |  |  |  | 2,637 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 40,381 |  |  |  | 15,573 |
Contingent consideration, long-term |  |  | 4,900 |  |  |  | 4,515 |
Lease liabilities, operating, long-term |  |  | 16,466 |  |  |  | 8,757 |
Lease liabilities, financing, long-term |  |  | 291 |  |  |  | 12 |
Debt, long-term |  |  | 6,353 |  |  |  | 655 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 5,487 |  |  |  | - |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 71 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 73,920 |  |  |  | 29,583 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, Series A, 4,250 shares designated, and 0 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized, 41,817,503 and 33,039,146 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 33 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 585,397 |  |  |  | 302,598 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes |  |  | (282 | ) |  |  | - |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (105,020 | ) |  |  | (97,385 | )
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 480,137 |  |  |  | 205,246 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 554,057 |  |  | $ | 234,829 |

The accompanying Notes to consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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Consolidated Statements of Operations

|  | Years Ended December 31 |
(In thousands, except per share and share data) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Product revenue |  | $ | 101,913 |  |  | $ | 44,540 |  |  | $ | 26,844 |
Service revenue |  |  | 9,817 |  |  |  | 1,752 |  |  |  | - |
Rental revenue |  |  | 7,426 |  |  |  | 1,795 |  |  |  | 527 |
Total product, service, and rental revenue |  |  | 119,156 |  |  |  | 48,087 |  |  |  | 27,371 |
Costs and operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product revenue (exclusive of intangible assets amortization) |  |  | 69,676 |  |  |  | 18,058 |  |  |  | 8,355 |
Cost of service revenue (exclusive of intangible assets amortization) |  |  | 5,381 |  |  |  | 1,367 |  |  |  | 405 |
Cost of rental revenue (exclusive of intangible assets amortization) |  |  | 7,051 |  |  |  | 1,221 |  |  |  | - |
Research and development |  |  | 11,821 |  |  |  | 6,720 |  |  |  | 3,168 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 14,006 |  |  |  | 6,413 |  |  |  | 4,701 |
General and administrative |  |  | 32,448 |  |  |  | 14,607 |  |  |  | 8,893 |
Intangible asset amortization |  |  | 8,202 |  |  |  | 3,033 |  |  |  | 1,079 |
Acquisition costs |  |  | 1,636 |  |  |  | 668 |  |  |  | 940 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration |  |  | 2,875 |  |  |  | 1,575 |  |  |  | 50 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 153,096 |  |  |  | 53,662 |  |  |  | 27,591 |
Operating loss |  |  | (33,940 | ) |  |  | (5,575 | ) |  |  | (220 | )
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of warrant liability |  |  | (121 | ) |  |  | 3,601 |  |  |  | (12,835 | )
Change in fair value of investments |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,319 |  |  |  | - |
Interest (expense) income, net |  |  | (432 | ) |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 501 |
Other income (expense) |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (13 | )
Loss from equity-method investment in SAVSU |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (739 | )
Gain on acquisition of SAVSU |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 10,108 |
Gain on acquisition of Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. |  |  | 6,451 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total other income (expense), net |  |  | 6,187 |  |  |  | 4,978 |  |  |  | (2,978 | )
Loss before income tax benefit |  |  | (27,753 | ) |  |  | (597 | ) |  |  | (3,198 | )
Income tax benefit |  |  | 20,118 |  |  |  | 3,264 |  |  |  | 1,541 |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (7,635 | ) |  | $ | 2,667 |  |  | $ | (1,657 | )
Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (7,635 | ) |  | $ | 2,450 |  |  | $ | (1,657 | )
Diluted |  |  | (7,635 | ) |  |  | (954 | ) |  |  | (1,657 | )
(Loss) earnings attributable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.20 | ) |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | (0.09 | )
Diluted |  | $ | (0.20 | ) |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | )
Weighted average shares used to compute (loss) earnings per share attributable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and Diluted |  |  | 38,503,944 |  |  |  | 27,306,258 |  |  |  | 19,460,299 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

|  | Years Ended December 31 |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (7,635 | ) |  | $ | 2,667 |  |  | $ | (1,657 | )
Other comprehensive loss - foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax |  |  | (282 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Comprehensive (loss) income |  | $ | (7,917 | ) |  | $ | 2,667 |  |  | $ | (1,657 | )

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

|  | Series A |  |  | Series A |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Preferred |  |  | Preferred |  |  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  | Additional |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Stock |  |  | Stock |  |  | Stock |  |  | Stock |  |  | Paid-in |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Shareholders’ |
(In thousands, except share data) |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Income |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Equity |
Balance, December 31, 2018 |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | 18,547,406 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 113,008 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (98,395 | ) |  | $ | 14,632 |
Stock based compensation |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,043 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,043 |
Shares issued in acquisitions |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,334,219 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 23,931 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 23,932 |
Stock option exercises |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 697,010 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1,180 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,181 |
Stock issued – on vested RSAs |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 125,817 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Warrant exercises |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 121,000 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,323 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,323 |
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,657 | ) |  |  | (1,657 | )
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 20,825,452 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 143,485 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (100,052 | ) |  |  | 43,454 |
Stock issued as 2019 bonus payout |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 314 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 314 |
Stock based compensation |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,981 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,981 |
Sale of common stock, net of costs |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7,856,012 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 100,113 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 100,121 |
Common stock issued for services |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,175 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 60 |
Shares issued in acquisitions |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 611,683 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 17,916 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 17,916 |
Stock option exercises |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 777,496 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1,471 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,472 |
Stock issued – on vested RSAs |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 208,858 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Cashless exercises of 3,871,405 warrants |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,747,970 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 33,108 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 33,111 |
Warrant exercises |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 8,500 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 150 |
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,667 |  |  |  | 2,667 |
Balance, December 31, 2020 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 33,039,146 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 302,598 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (97,385 | ) |  |  | 205,246 |
Stock issued as consideration in GCI acquisition |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,636,470 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 232,734 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 232,741 |
Stock issued as consideration in Sexton acquisition |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 530,502 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 31,977 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 31,977 |
Fees incurred for registration filings |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (186 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (186 | )
Stock based compensation |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 13,956 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 13,956 |
Stock option exercises |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 869,065 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1,417 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,418 |
Cashless exercise of 79,100 warrants |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 70,030 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,901 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,901 |
Stock issued – on vested RSAs |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 672,290 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (282 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (282 | )
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7,635 | ) |  |  | (7,635 | )
Balance, December 31, 2021 |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | 41,817,503 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 585,397 |  |  | $ | (282 | ) |  | $ | (105,020 | ) |  | $ | 480,137 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (7,635 | ) |  | $ | 2,667 |  |  | $ | (1,657 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 4,663 |  |  |  | 2,035 |  |  |  | 718 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 8,202 |  |  |  | 3,033 |  |  |  | 1,079 |
Amortization of loan costs |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 13,956 |  |  |  | 5,981 |  |  |  | 3,043 |
Non-cash lease expense |  |  | 2,053 |  |  |  | 737 |  |  |  | 512 |
Loss from equity method investment in SAVSU |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 739 |
Gain on acquisition of SAVSU |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (10,108 | )
Deferred income tax benefit |  |  | (20,127 | ) |  |  | (3,297 | ) |  |  | (1,541 | )
Change in fair value of contingent consideration |  |  | 2,875 |  |  |  | 1,575 |  |  |  | 50 |
Change in fair value of warrant liability |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | (3,601 | ) |  |  | 12,835 |
Change in fair value of investments |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,319 | ) |  |  | - |
Gain on acquisition of Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. |  |  | (6,451 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Stock issued for services |  |  | - |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | - |
Loss on disposal of assets held for rent, net |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | 365 |  |  |  | - |
Loss on disposal of property and equipment, net |  |  | 482 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Forgiveness of loans payable |  |  | (284 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Other |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 15 |
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, trade, net |  |  | (10,132 | ) |  |  | (1,786 | ) |  |  | (290 | )
Inventories |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | (629 | ) |  |  | (3,777 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 2,802 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | (704 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | 2,018 |  |  |  | (171 | ) |  |  | 768 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | (3,936 | ) |  |  | 780 |  |  |  | (327 | )
Warranty liability |  |  | 5,833 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Other |  |  | (230 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (142 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |  |  | (4,593 | ) |  |  | 6,645 |  |  |  | 1,213 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash acquired in acquisition of SAVSU |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,251 |
Acquisition of Astero Bio, net of cash acquired |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (12,439 | )
Payments related to the acquisition of CBS |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (11,000 | )
Payments related to the acquisition of SciSafe, net of cash acquired |  |  | - |  |  |  | (14,947 | ) |  |  | - |
Cash acquired in acquisition of Global Cooling, Inc. and Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. |  |  | 1,559 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Investment in Sexton |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,500 | )
Investment in iVexSol convertible debt |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,000 | )
Investment in iVexSol preferred stock |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,000 | ) |  |  | - |
Investment in PanTHERA Cryosolutions |  |  | - |  |  |  | (995 | ) |  |  | - |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (8,385 | ) |  |  | (1,961 | ) |  |  | (675 | )
Deposits on property and equipment |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,672 | ) |  |  | - |
Purchases of assets held for rent |  |  | (6,371 | ) |  |  | (2,813 | ) |  |  | (1,655 | )
Deposits on assets held for rent |  |  | - |  |  |  | (362 | ) |  |  | - |
Proceeds from sale of equipment |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | - |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (13,192 | ) |  |  | (24,715 | ) |  |  | (27,018 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") Loan |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,175 |  |  |  | - |
Payoff of PPP Loan |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,175 | ) |  |  | - |
Proceeds from equipment loans |  |  | 1,550 |  |  |  | 984 |  |  |  | - |
Payments on equipment loans |  |  | (214 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Payments of contingent consideration |  |  | - |  |  |  | (483 | ) |  |  | - |
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of $6.2 million of costs in 2020 |  |  | - |  |  |  | 100,121 |  |  |  | - |
Fees paid related to issuance of common stock |  |  | (145 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Proceeds from line of credit |  |  | 27,306 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Payments on line of credit |  |  | (31,536 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options |  |  | 1,418 |  |  |  | 1,472 |  |  |  | 1,181 |
Proceeds from exercise of warrants |  |  | - |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 574 |
Payments on financed insurance premium |  |  | (1,033 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Other |  |  | (124 | ) |  |  | (56 | ) |  |  | (159 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  |  | (2,778 | ) |  |  | 102,078 |  |  |  | 1,596 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  |  | (20,563 | ) |  |  | 84,008 |  |  |  | (24,209 | )
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash – beginning of period |  |  | 90,456 |  |  |  | 6,448 |  |  |  | 30,657 |
Effects of currency translation on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash – end of period |  | $ | 69,870 |  |  | $ | 90,456 |  |  | $ | 6,448 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cashless exercise of warrants reclassified from warrant liability to common stock |  | $ | 2,901 |  |  | $ | 33,111 |  |  | $ | - |
Stock issued as consideration to acquire Global Cooling, Inc. and Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. |  | $ | 264,718 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Equipment acquired under operating leases |  | $ | 6,875 |  |  | $ | 8,096 |  |  | $ | - |
Equipment acquired under finance leases |  | $ | 440 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Purchase of property and equipment not yet paid |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 29 |
Reclassification of warrant liabilities to equity upon exercise |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 1,749 |
Stock issued as consideration to acquire SAVSU |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 19,932 |
Stock issued as consideration to acquire assets of CBS |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 4,000 |
Stock issued as consideration to acquire SciSafe |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 17,916 |  |  | $ | - |
Stock issued as bonus consideration |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | - |
Cash interest paid |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. | Organization and significant accounting policies

Business

BioLife Solutions, Inc. (“BioLife”, “us”, “we”, “our”, or the “Company”) is a developer, manufacturer, and supplier of a portfolio of bioproduction tools and services including proprietary biopreservation media, automated thawing devices, cloud-connected shipping containers, ultra-low temperature mechanical freezers, cryogenic and controlled rate freezers and biological and pharmaceutical materials storage. Our CryoStor® freeze media and HypoThermosol® hypothermic storage media are optimized to preserve cells in the regenerative medicine market. These novel biopreservation media products are serum-free and protein-free, fully defined, and are formulated to reduce preservation-induced cell damage and death. Our Sexton cell processing product line includes human platelet lysates (“hPL”) for cell expansion reducing risk and improving downstream performance over fetal bovine serum, human serum, and other chemically defined media, CellSeal® cryogenic vials that are purpose-built rigid containers used in cell and gene therapy (“CGT”) that can be filled manually or with high throughput systems, and automated cell processing machines that bring multiple processes traditionally performed by manual techniques under a higher level of control to protect therapies from loss or contamination. Our ThawSTAR® product line is comprised of a family of automated thawing devices for frozen cell and gene therapies packaged in cryovials and cryobags. These products help administer temperature-sensitive biologic therapies to patients by standardizing the thawing process and reducing the risks of contamination and overheating, which are inherent with the use of traditional water baths. Our cryogenic freezer technology provides for controlled rate freezing and cryogenic storage of biologic materials. Our ultra-low temperature mechanical freezers allow biological materials and vaccines to be stored at temperatures which range from negative 20℃ to negative 86℃. Our evo® shipping containers provide cloud-connected passive storage and transport containers for temperature-sensitive biologics and pharmaceuticals. Our biological and pharmaceutical materials storage services provide facilities that allow for real-time tracking of biologic materials and vaccines that can be stored at a wide range of temperatures.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates and assumptions by management affect the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts, the net realizable value of inventory, fair value of warrant liability, valuation of market based awards, valuations and purchase price allocations related to investments and business combinations, expected future cash flows including growth rates, discount rates, terminal values and other assumptions and estimates used to evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets, estimated fair values of intangible assets and goodwill, amortization methods and periods, warranty reserves, certain accrued expenses, share-based compensation, contingent consideration from business combinations, and the recoverability of the Company’s deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowance.

The Company regularly assesses these estimates; however, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Basis of presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, SAVSU Technologies, Inc. (“SAVSU” acquired on August 8, 2019), Arctic Solutions, Inc. doing business as Custom Biogenic Systems (“CBS” acquired on November 12, 2019), SciSafe Holdings, Inc. (“SciSafe” acquired on October 1, 2020), Global Cooling, Inc. doing business as Stirling Ultracold (“Global Cooling” or “GCI” acquired on May 3, 2021), and Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. (“Sexton” acquired on September 1, 2021). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

All long-lived assets are maintained in the United States of America and the Netherlands.

Financial statement reclassification

Certain classifications on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to accrued expenses and other current liabilities, debt, current portion, and debt, long-term as of December 31, 2020 were reclassified to conform to current period presentation. These reclassifications have no impact on previously reported total revenue, net (loss) income, net assets, or total operating cash flows.

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Foreign currency translation

The Company translates balance sheet and income statement items into U.S. dollars. For the Company’s subsidiaries that operate in a local currency functional environment, all assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates at the balance sheet date; revenue and expenses are translated using quarterly exchange rates which approximate to average exchange rates in effect during each period. Resulting translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income in shareholders' equity.

Segment reporting

The Company views its operations and makes decisions regarding how to allocate resources and manages its business as one reportable segment and one reporting unit. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for purposes of allocating and evaluating financial performance.

Revenue recognition

To determine revenue recognition for contractual arrangements that we determine are within the scope of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify each contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to our performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the relevant performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer. Contracts with customers may contain multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price, taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. Payment terms and conditions vary, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 90 days. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized approximately $671,000 of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the year.

The Company primarily recognizes product revenues, service revenues, and rental revenues. Product revenues are generated from the sale of biopreservation media, ThawSTAR, and freezer products. We recognize product revenue, including shipping and handling charges billed to customers, at a point in time when we transfer control of our products to our customers, which is upon shipment for substantially all transactions. Shipping and handling costs are classified as part of cost of product revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Service revenues are generated from the storage of biological and pharmaceutical materials. We recognize service revenues over time as services are performed or ratably over the contract term. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method or the most likely amount method, depending on the facts and circumstances relative to the contract. When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. Applying the practical expedient in paragraph 606-10-32-18, the Company does not assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when the Company performs its obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less. None of the Company’s contracts contained a significant financing component as of and during the year ended December 31, 2021.

The Company also generates revenue from the leasing of our property, plant, and equipment, operating right-of-use assets, and evo cold chain systems to customers pursuant to service contracts or rental arrangements entered into with the customer. Revenue from these arrangements is not within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 606 as it is within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases. All customers leasing shippers currently do so under month-to-month rental arrangements. We account for these rental transactions as operating leases and record rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the rental term.

The Company enters into various customer service agreements (collectively, “Service Contracts”) with customers to provide biological and pharmaceutical storage services. In certain of these Service Contracts, the property, plant, and equipment or operating right-of-use assets used to store the customer product are used only for the benefit of one customer. This is primarily driven by the customer’s desire to ensure that sufficient storage capacity is available in a specific geographic location for a set period of time. These agreements may include extension and termination clauses. These Service Contracts do not allow for customers to purchase the underlying assets.

The Company has assessed its Service Contracts and concluded that certain of the contracts for the storage of customer products met the criteria to be considered a leasing arrangement (“Embedded Leases”), with the Company as the lessor. The specific Service Contracts that met the criteria were those that provided a single customer with the ability to substantially direct the use of the Company’s property, plant, and equipment or operating right-of-use assets.

Under ASC 842, consistent with the previous guidance, the Company will continue to recognize operating right-of-use asset embedded lessor arrangements on its Consolidated Balance Sheets in operating right-of-use assets.

None of the Embedded Leases identified by the Company qualify as a sales-type or direct finance lease. None of the operating leases for which the Company is the lessor include options for the lessee to purchase the underlying asset at the end of the lease term or residual value guarantees, nor are any such operating leases with related parties.

Embedded Leases may contain both lease and non-lease components. We have elected to utilize the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components together as a single combined lease component as the timing and pattern of transfer are the same for the non-lease components and associated lease component and, the lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. Non-lease components of the Company’s rental arrangements include reimbursements of lessor costs.

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Total bioproduction tools and services revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 were comprised of the following:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
(In thousands, except percentages) |  | 2021⁽¹⁾ |  |  | 2020⁽²⁾ |  |  | 2019⁽³⁾ |
Product revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Freezer and thaw |  | $ | 56,620 |  |  | $ | 13,548 |  |  | $ | 3,312 |
Cell processing |  |  | 44,965 |  |  |  | 30,946 |  |  |  | 23,367 |
Storage and cold chain services |  |  | 328 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 165 |
Service revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Storage and cold chain services |  |  | 9,817 |  |  |  | 1,752 |  |  |  | - |
Rental revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Storage and cold chain services |  |  | 7,426 |  |  |  | 1,795 |  |  |  | 527 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 119,156 |  |  | $ | 48,087 |  |  | $ | 27,371 |

(1) | 2021 revenue includes product revenue related to Global Cooling from May 3, 2021 through December 31, 2021 and product revenue related to Sexton from September 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021.
(2) | 2020 revenue includes service revenue related to SciSafe from October 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020.
(3) | 2019 revenue includes product revenue related to Astero Bio Corporation ("Astero") from April 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019; rental revenue related to SAVSU from August 8, 2019 through December 31, 2019; and product revenue related to CBS from November 12, 2019 through December 31, 2019.

The following table includes estimated rental revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to embedded leases as well as estimated service revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting periods. The Company is electing not to disclose the value of the remaining unsatisfied performance obligation with a duration of one year or less as permitted by the practical expedient in ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The estimated revenue in the following table does not include contracts with the original durations of one year or less, amounts of variable consideration attributable to royalties, or contract renewals that are unexercised as of December 31, 2021.

The balances in the table below are partially based on judgments involved in estimating future orders from customers subject to the exercise of material rights pursuant to respective contracts:

|  | Year Ending December 31, |
(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Total |
Rental revenue |  | $ | 10,151 |  |  | $ | 3,748 |  |  | $ | 900 |  |  | $ | 14,799 |
Service revenue |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 108 |

Risks and uncertainties

COVID-19 pandemic

Our domestic and international operations have been and continue to be affected by the ongoing global pandemic of a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) and the resulting volatility and uncertainty it has caused in the U.S. and international markets. During the year ended December 31, 2021, many businesses and countries, including the U.S., continued applying preventative and precautionary measures to mitigate the spread of the virus including government orders and other restrictions on the conduct of business operations.

In the year ended December 31, 2021, we experienced supply chain disruptions due to the effects of COVID-19 on our suppliers of sheet metal and electronic components that incorporate semiconductor chips. These supply chain disruptions decreased our profitability as a result of increased supplier pricing and production stoppages. We cannot be assured that a continued or prolonged global pandemic will not have other negative impacts on our manufacturing and shipping processes or our product costs. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affects our future financial results and operations will depend on future developments which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the recurrence, severity and/or duration of the ongoing pandemic, and current or future domestic and international actions to contain and treat COVID-19.

The Company reviews capital and amortizing intangible assets (long-lived assets) for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company determined that the economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic was a trigger for an impairment review in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 of certain long-lived assets based on the expected near-term weakness in ThawSTAR and freezer revenue resulting from the impact of COVID-19.

As a result of the Company’s outlook for revenue from the ThawSTAR and freezer product lines, estimated undiscounted cash flow projections were developed to determine if any impairment of the related intangible assets was warranted. After conducting such review, the Company determined that there was no impairment of the remaining long-lived assets as of June 30, 2020. Given the inherent uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic and the estimates used in these cash flow projections, changes based on facts and circumstances in future quarters could give rise to impairment.

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The Company revised the revenue projections for the ThawSTAR and freezer product lines in the second quarter ended June 30, 2020 to determine the impact on the fair value of the contingent consideration related to the existing earnout provisions. Based on results of the year ended December 31, 2020 related to these two product lines, we made further adjustments to our revenue projections. After reviewing the impact of the updated revenue projections on estimated undiscounted cash flow projections, the Company determined that there was no impairment of the remaining long-lived assets as of December 31, 2020. The Company reduced the fair value of the combined contingent consideration liability from $388,000 at June 30, 2020, to $221,000 as of December 31, 2020 due to updated revenue projections, the time value of money, and actual results for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The Company may also experience other negative impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak such as the lack of availability of the Company’s key personnel, additional temporary closures of the Company’s office or the facilities of the Company’s business partners, customers, third party service providers or other vendors, the inability to travel to market and sell our products, and the interruption of the Company’s supply chain, distribution channels, liquidity and capital or financial markets.

Any disruption and volatility in the global capital markets as a result of the pandemic may increase the Company’s cost of capital and adversely affect the Company’s ability to access financing when and on terms that the Company desires. In addition, a potential recession resulting from the spread of COVID-19 could materially affect the Company’s business, especially if a recession results in higher unemployment causing potential patients to not have access to health insurance.

The ultimate extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and its repercussions impact the Company’s business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain. However, the foregoing and other continued disruptions to the Company’s business as a result of COVID-19 could result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

On March 27, 2020, the President of the United States signed into law the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act.” The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security tax payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, increased limitations on qualified charitable contributions, and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property.

On March 11, 2021, the President of the United States signed into law the “American Rescue Plan Act of 2021” (the American Rescue Plan), which included additional economic stimulus and tax credits, including the expansion of the Employee Retention Credit. BioLife continues to examine the impact that the American Rescue Plan will have on its financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

We determined that we met the original eligibility requirements per the guidelines original established by the U.S. federal government as part of the CARES Act for the Pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”). As such, on April 20, 2020, the Company received $2,175,320 in support from the PPP. Because the U.S. government subsequently changed its position and guidelines related to the PPP and publicly traded companies, the Company repaid the loan on April 29, 2020. As of March 30, 2020, the company started deferring the employer side of social security tax payments. As of December 31, 2021, the amount of deferred social security tax payments was $297,000. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we paid $135,000 of the deferred payments. The remainder of the outstanding balance is anticipated to be paid by December 31, 2022.

In the SciSafe acquisition, the Company acquired a $295,300 loan from the PPP. The loan incurred interest at 1% and was unsecured. Of the principal borrowed, $284,000 was forgiven in December 2021. The remaining principal that was not forgiven was repaid in December 2021.

Earnings per share

The Company considers its unexercised warrants and unvested restricted shares, which contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends, participating securities, and includes such participating securities in its computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. Basic earnings per share for the two classes of stock (common stock and warrants) is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and warrants outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the potentially dilutive effect of common equivalent shares outstanding determined under both the two-class method and the treasury stock method, whichever is more dilutive. In periods when we have a net loss, common stock equivalents are excluded from our calculation of earnings per share as their inclusion would have an antidilutive effect.

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The following table presents computations of basic and diluted earnings per share under the two-class method:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
(In thousands, except share and earnings per share data) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (7,635 | ) |  | $ | 2,667 |  |  | $ | (1,657 | )
Amount attributable to unvested restricted shares |  |  | - |  |  |  | (135 | ) |  |  | - |
Amount attributable to warrants outstanding |  |  | - |  |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  | - |
Net (loss) income allocated to common shareholders |  |  | (7,635 | ) |  |  | 2,450 |  |  |  | (1,657 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding |  |  | 38,503,944 |  |  |  | 27,306,258 |  |  |  | 19,460,299 |
Basic (loss) earnings per common share |  | $ | (0.20 | ) |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | (0.09 | )
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (7,635 | ) |  | $ | 2,667 |  |  | $ | (1,657 | )
Amount attributable to warrants |  |  | - |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | - |
Less: gain related to change in fair value of warrants |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3,601 | ) |  |  | - |
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share |  |  | (7,635 | ) |  |  | (954 | ) |  |  | (1,657 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding |  |  | 38,503,944 |  |  |  | 27,306,258 |  |  |  | 19,460,299 |
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share |  | $ | (0.20 | ) |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | )

The following table sets forth the number of shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Stock options and restricted stock awards |  |  | 1,637,745 |  |  |  | 2,131,794 |  |  |  | 2,564,456 |
Warrants |  |  | 18,204 |  |  |  | 1,499,953 |  |  |  | 2,956,039 |
Total |  |  | 1,655,949 |  |  |  | 3,631,747 |  |  |  | 5,520,495 |

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Cash equivalents consist primarily of interest-bearing money market accounts. We consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an initial maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We maintain cash balances that may exceed federally insured limits. We do not believe that this results in any significant credit risk.

Restricted cash consists entirely of amounts that will be recovered from escrow in relation to the acquisition of SciSafe. The restricted cash is short term in nature, as the Company anticipates to receive the funds within one year of the balance sheet date.

The following is a summary of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash total as presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 69,860 |  |  | $ | 90,403 |  |  | $ | 6,448 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | - |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | $ | 69,870 |  |  | $ | 90,456 |  |  | $ | 6,448 |

Inventories

Inventories relate to the Company’s cell and gene therapy products. The Company values biopreservation media inventory at cost or, if lower, net realizable value, using the specific identification method. All other inventory is valued at cost or, if lower, net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method. The Company reviews its inventories at least quarterly and records a provision for inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value, and inventory in excess of expected revenue volume to cost of product revenue. The Company bases its estimates on expected product revenue volume, production capacity and expiration dates of raw materials, work in process, and finished products. A change in the estimated timing or amount of demand for the Company’s products could result in additional provisions for excess inventory quantities on hand. Any significant unanticipated changes in demand or unexpected quality failures could have a significant impact on the value of inventory and reported operating results. During all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, there have been no material adjustments related to a revised estimate of inventory valuations. Work-in-process and finished products inventories consist of material, labor, outside testing costs and manufacturing overhead.

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Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable consist of short-term amounts due from our customers (generally 30 to 90 days) and are stated at the amount we expect to collect. We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based on our assessment of the collectability of specific customer accounts.

Accounts receivable are stated at principal amount, do not bear interest, and are generally unsecured. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts based on an evaluation of the collectability of customer account balances. Accounts considered uncollectible are charged against the established allowance.

Investments

We periodically invest in securities of private companies to promote business and strategic objectives. These investments are measured and recorded as follows:

Non-marketable equity securities are equity securities without a readily determinable fair value. As of December 31, 2021, these investments are comprised of $3.4 million in Series A-1 and A-2 Preferred Stock in iVexSol, Inc. (“iVexSol”) and $995,000 in Series E Preferred Stock in PanTHERA CryoSolutions, Inc. (“PanTHERA”). As of December 31, 2020, these investments were comprised of $1.5 million in Series A Preferred Stock in Sexton, $3.4 million in Series A-1 and A-2 Preferred Stock in iVexSol, Inc. (“iVexSol”), and $995,000 in Series E Preferred Stock in PanTHERA CryoSolutions, Inc. (“PanTHERA”).

As of December 31, 2021, Sexton is consolidated in the Consolidated Financial Statements as a result of the step-acquisition completed September 1, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the Sexton investment was measured and recorded using a measurement alternative for equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value that measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable process changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. In September of 2019, the Company invested $1.0 million in a convertible note receivable of iVexSol, Inc. The Company made an irrevocable election to record this convertible note in its entirety at fair value utilizing the fair value option available under U.S. GAAP. The Company believed that carrying this investment at fair value better portrayed the economic substance of the investment. Under the fair value option, gains and losses on the convertible note were included in unrealized gains/(losses) on investments within net earnings each applicable reporting period. Gains related to the increase in fair value of this convertible note were zero, $1.3 million and zero for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The fair value of the note on the date of investment was determined to be equal to its principal amount. Interest income related to this note was recorded separately from other changes in its fair value within interest income each period. In November of 2020, the Company elected to convert the note into Series A-1 Preferred Stock and invest an additional $1.0 million in Series A-2 Preferred Stock in iVexSol. The Preferred Stock investments in iVexSol are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable process changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

In November of 2020, the Company invested $995,000 in Class E Preferred Shares in PanTHERA CryoSolutions, Inc. In conjunction with this investment, the Company executed a development and license agreement with PanTHERA under which the Company will make milestone development payments up to $2 million in the event that certain milestones are met in exchange for exclusive, perpetual, worldwide marketing and distribution rights to the technology for use in cell and gene therapy applications. In June of 2021, PanTHERA satisfied the first milestone and the Company paid $200,000 in accordance with the agreement. The Preferred Stock investments in PanTHERA are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable process changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

As of December 31, 2021, management believes there are no indications of impairment or changes in fair value for the investments in iVexSol or PanTHERA.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining lease term of the respective assets. Gains or losses on disposals of property and equipment are recorded within income from operations. Costs of repairs and maintenance are included as part of operating expenses unless they are incurred in relation to major improvements to existing property and equipment, at which time they are capitalized.

Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their net book value may not be recoverable. Carrying values are reviewed for recoverability at the asset grouping level to determine if the facts and circumstances suggest that a potential impairment may have occurred. If the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and before interest) from the use of the assets is less than the net book value of the asset an impairment could exist and the amount of the impairment loss, if any, will generally be measured as the difference between the net book value of the assets and their estimated fair values. There were no impairment losses recognized during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

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Assets held for rent

Assets held for rent are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. These assets consist of dedicated storage space, evo shippers and related components in production shippers complete and ready to be deployed and placed in service upon a customer order, shippers in the process of being assembled, and components available to build shippers. Assets utilized to provide dedicated storage space are depreciated over their applicable useful lives once placed in service. Shippers are depreciated over a useful life of three years when in use by customers.

Our customers rent assets per a rental agreement. Each agreement provides for fixed monthly rent. Rental revenue and fees are recognized over the rental term on a straight-line basis. We retain the ownership of the assets rented. At the end of the rental agreement, the customer returns the asset to the Company.

Assets held for rent are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their net book value may not be recoverable. Carrying values are reviewed for recoverability at the asset grouping level to determine if the facts and circumstances suggest that a potential impairment may have occurred. If the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and before interest) from the use of the assets is less than the net book value of the asset an impairment could exist and the amount of the impairment loss, if any, will generally be measured as the difference between the net book value of the assets and their estimated fair values. There were no impairment losses recognized during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

Lease accounting

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Where an arrangement is a lease, we determine if it is an operating lease or a finance lease. At lease commencement, we record a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) asset. Lease liabilities represent the present value of our future lease payments over the expected lease term which includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain those options will be exercised. The present value of our lease liability is determined using our incremental collateralized borrowing rate at lease inception. ROU assets represent our right to control the use of the leased asset during the lease and are recognized in an amount equal to the lease liability for leases with an initial term greater than 12 months. Over the lease term we use the effective interest rate method to account for the lease liability as lease payments are made and the ROU asset is amortized in a manner that results in straight-line expense recognition.

We elected to apply the practical expedient for short-term leases and accordingly do not apply lease recognition requirements for short-term leases with a duration less than twelve months. Instead, we recognize payments related to these arrangements in the consolidated statement of operations as lease costs on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Warranty

Our standard warranty terms typically extend between one year and seven years from the date of delivery. We accrue for standard warranty costs based on historical trends in warranty charges. The accrual is reviewed regularly and periodically adjusted to reflect changes in warranty cost over the period.

Income taxes

We account for income taxes using an asset and liability method which generally requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax effects of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax effects of differences between tax bases of assets and liabilities, and financial reporting amounts, based upon enacted tax laws and statutory rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. We evaluate the likelihood of realization of deferred tax assets and provide an allowance where, in management’s opinion, it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realized. Our policy for interest and penalties is to recognize interest and penalties as a component of the provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

We determine any uncertain tax positions based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken in the Company’s tax filings or positions is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the relevant income tax authorities.

Judgment is applied in the determination of the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has an unrecorded tax benefit of $255,000 related to tax attributes being carried forward. The Company is generally subject to examination by U.S. federal and local income tax authorities for all tax years in which loss carryforward is available.

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and totaled $552,000, $167,000, and $43,000 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

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Concentrations of risk

In the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we derived approximately 17%, 13%, and 15% of our revenue from one customer, one customer, and one customer, respectively. No other customers accounted for more than 10% of revenues. Revenue from foreign customers is denominated in United States dollars or euros.

In the year ended December 31, 2019, we made approximately 12% of purchases from one supplier. No other suppliers accounted for more than 10% of purchases in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

The following table represents the Company’s total revenue by geographic area (based on the location of the customer):

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
Revenue by customers’ geographic locations |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
United States |  |  | 78 | % |  |  | 73 | % |  |  | 69 | %
Canada |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 16 | %
Germany |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 3 | %
Europe, Middle East, Africa (excluding Germany) |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 11 | %
Other |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 2 | % |  |  | 1 | %
Total revenue |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | %

The following table represents the Company’s long-lived assets by geographic area as of December 31:

(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
United States |  | $ | 40,708 |  |  | $ | 30,389 |
Netherlands |  |  | 5,903 |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | 46,611 |  |  | $ | 30,389 |

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, two customers and one customer accounted for 32% and 17% of gross accounts receivable, respectively. No other customers accounted for more than 10% of our gross accounts receivable.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, one supplier and one supplier accounted for 10% and 21% of accounts payable, respectively. No other suppliers accounted for more than 10% of our accounts payable.

Research and development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Stock-based compensation

We measure and record compensation expense using the applicable accounting guidance for share-based payments related to stock options, time-based restricted stock, market-based restricted stock awards and performance-based restricted stock awards granted to our directors and employees. The fair value of stock options, including performance awards, without a market-based condition is determined by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock awards with a market condition is estimated at the date of grant using the Monte Carlo Simulation model. The Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo Simulation valuation models incorporate assumptions as to stock price volatility, the expected life of options or awards, a risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. The fair value of restricted stock, including performance awards, without a market condition is estimated using the current market price of our common stock on the date of grant.

We expense stock-based compensation for stock options, restricted stock awards, and performance awards over the requisite service period. For awards with only a service condition, we expense stock-based compensation using the straight-line method over the requisite service period for the entire award. For awards with a market condition, we expense the grant date fair value over the vesting period regardless of the value that the award recipients ultimately receive.

We have, from time to time, modified the terms of restricted stock awards awarded to employees. We account for the incremental increase in the fair value over the original award on the date of the modification as an expense for vested awards or over the remaining service (vesting) period for unvested awards. The incremental compensation cost is the excess of the fair value of the modified award on the date of modification over the fair value of the original award immediately before the modification.

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Business combinations, goodwill and intangible assets

Business combinations

The Company accounts for business acquisitions using the acquisition method as required by FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations.

The Company’s identifiable assets acquired and liabilities, including identified intangible assets, assumed in a business combination are recorded at their acquisition date fair values. The valuation requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to long-lived and intangible assets. Critical estimates in valuing intangible assets include, but are not limited to:

| ● | future expected cash flows, including revenue and expense projections;

| ● | discount rates to determine the present value of recognized assets and liabilities and;

| ● | revenue volatility to determine contingent consideration using option pricing models

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the acquisition price over the fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets. Acquisition-related costs, including advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, and other costs, are expensed in the periods in which these costs are incurred. The results of operations of an acquired business are included in the consolidated financial statements beginning at the acquisition date.

The Company estimates the acquisition date fair value of the acquisition-related contingent consideration using various valuation approaches, including option pricing models, as well as significant unobservable inputs, reflecting the Company’s assessment of the assumptions market participants would use to value these liabilities. The fair value of the contingent consideration is remeasured each reporting period.

During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, any refinements made to the fair value of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, or contingent consideration are recorded in the period in which the adjustments are recognized. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, or contingent consideration, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the net amount of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination measured at fair value. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit may be less than its carrying amount (a triggering event). The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test described in FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. The more likely than not threshold is defined as having a likelihood of more than 50 percent. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the quantitative goodwill impairment test is unnecessary and goodwill is considered to be unimpaired. However, if based on the qualitative assessment the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company will proceed with performing the quantitative goodwill impairment test. In performing the quantitative goodwill impairment test, the Company determines the fair value of its reporting unit and compares it to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to that unit, goodwill is not impaired. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company records an impairment loss equal to the difference. The Company operates as one reporting unit as of the goodwill impairment measurement date in the fourth quarter of 2021. As of the testing date and the period after that date through the issuance date of our financial statements, the Company has observed no indicators of potential goodwill impairment at any point during the period based on its qualitative assessment.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets with a definite life are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method and the amortization expense is recorded within intangible asset amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. If the estimate of a definite-lived intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life. Definite-lived intangible assets and their related estimated useful lives are reviewed at least annually to determine if any adverse conditions exist that would indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. The Company determined that no adverse conditions existed that would indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable.

Indefinite-lived intangibles are carried at the initially recorded fair value less any recognized impairment. In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) is initially capitalized at fair value as an intangible asset with an indefinite life. When the IPR&D project is complete, it is reclassified as a definite-lived intangible asset and is amortized over its estimated useful life. If an IPR&D project is abandoned, a charge would be recorded for the value of the related intangible asset to our Consolidated Statement of Operations in the period it is abandoned. Indefinite-lived intangibles are tested annually for impairment. Impairment assessments are conducted more frequently if certain conditions exist, including a change in the competitive landscape, any internal decisions to pursue new or different technology strategies, a loss of a significant customer, or a significant change in the marketplace, including changes in the prices paid for the Company’s products or changes in the size of the market for the Company’s products. If impairment indicators are present, the Company determines whether the underlying intangible asset is recoverable through estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If the asset is not found to be recoverable, it is written down to the estimated fair value of the asset based on the sum of the future discounted cash flows expected to result from the use and disposition of the asset. The Company performed a quantitative impairment test of one of the IPR&D assets acquired during 2021 during the fourth quarter of 2021 and determined that no impairment existed. The Company performed a qualitative test for the other IPR&D assets acquired during 2021 and determined that no impairment existed.

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Certain warrants which have features that may result in cash settlement

Warrants that include cash settlement features are recorded as liabilities at their estimated fair value at the date of issuance and are remeasured at fair value each reporting period with the increase or decrease in fair value recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The warrants are measured at estimated fair value using the Black Scholes valuation model, which is based, in part, upon inputs for which there is little or no observable market data, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions. Inherent in this model are assumptions related to expected stock-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. We estimate the volatility of our common stock at the date of issuance, and at each subsequent reporting period, based on historical volatility that matches the contractual remaining life of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants. The expected life of the warrants is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The dividend rate is based on our historical rate, which we anticipate to remain at zero. The assumptions used in calculating the estimated fair value of the warrants represent our best estimates. However, these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change and different assumptions are used, the warrant liability and the change in estimated fair value could be materially different. As of December 31, 2021, no warrants were outstanding. The following is our weighted average assumptions used in the Black Scholes calculations of the warrants as of December 31:

|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Risk free interest rate |  |  | 0.1 | % |  |  | 1.9 | %
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %
Contractual remaining lives |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 1.7 |
Expected volatility |  |  | 56.8 | % |  |  | 70.3 | %

Recent accounting pronouncements

In November 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance, to increase the transparency of government assistance including the disclosure of the types of assistance an entity receives, an entity’s method of accounting for government assistance, and the effect of the assistance on an entity’s financial statements. The guidance in this update will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, with early application of the amendments allowed. The amendments are to be applied prospectively to all transactions within the scope of the amendments that are reflected in financial statements at the date of initial application and new transactions that are entered into after the date of initial application or, retrospectively to those transactions. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. This update amends guidance to require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606 as if it had originated the contracts. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842): Lessors - Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments. The guidance in ASU 2021-05 amends the lease classification requirements for the lessors under certain leases containing variable payments to align with practice under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 840. The lessor should classify and account for a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate as an operating lease if both of the following criteria are met: 1) the lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease in accordance with the classification criteria in ASC 842-10-25-2 through 25-3; and 2) the lessor would have otherwise recognized a day-one loss. The amendments in ASU 2021-05 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance and it did not have a material impact on the company’s financial position, results of operation or cash flows.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-04, Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options, which clarifies the accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. Specifically, ASU 2021-04 requires the issuer to treat a modification of an equity-classified warrant as an exchange of the original warrant. The difference between the fair value of the modified warrant and the fair value of the warrant immediately before modification is then recognized as an issuance cost or discount of the related transaction. ASU 2021-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2021-04 should be applied prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring after the effective date. Either the full or modified retrospective adoption method is allowed. The Company adopted this guidance and it did not have a material impact on the company’s financial position, results of operation or cash flows.

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In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by reducing the number of accounting models and the number of embedded conversion features that could be recognized separately from the primary contract. ASU 2020-06 also enhances transparency and improves disclosures for convertible instruments and earnings per share guidance. ASU 2020-06 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. This update permits the use of either the modified retrospective or fully retrospective method of transition. The Company adopted this guidance and it did not have a material impact on the company’s financial position, results of operation or cash flows.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedient and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. In response to the concerns about structural risks of interbank offered rates and, particularly, the risk of cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), regulators in several jurisdictions around the world have undertaken reference rate reform initiatives to identify alternative reference rates that are more observable or transaction-based and less susceptible to manipulation. The ASU provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform—Scope, which clarified the scope and application of the original guidance. The Company will adopt these standards when LIBOR is discontinued. The ASU can be adopted no later than December 1, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company has not yet adopted this ASU and is evaluating the effect of adopting this new accounting guidance.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires companies to measure credit losses utilizing a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires a consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. For companies that qualified as Smaller Reporting Companies as defined by the SEC as of November 19, 2019, ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is evaluating the impact of the guidance on its financial statements.

2. | Fair value measurement

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, (“ASC Topic 820”), the Company measures its financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis. The carrying values of certain of our financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value because of their short maturities. The carrying values of our long-term debt, which is classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, approximates fair value as our borrowings with lenders are at interest rates that approximate market rates for comparable loans. The Company also measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis when applying acquisition accounting. ASC Topic 820 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC Topic 820 establishes a three-tier value fair hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 – Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable data points for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.

For the investment in iVexSol convertible debt that was converted to Series A-1 preferred stock in November 2020, the significant Level 3 inputs were the expected term of the instrument, the underlying credit worthiness of iVexSol and the valuation of various embedded features in the note, which were based on future financings of iVexSol. We considered a range of probability-weighted financing or payoff settlements between 5% and 50% with outcomes occurring over a range of 1 to 2 years. The estimated market interest rate of approximately 8.0% was based on an average of indexes of below investment grade debt. The market rate was calibrated to the rate implied in the original issuance in September 2019 and adjusted for changes in market rates quarterly.

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The fair value of the Astero contingent consideration liability was initially valued based on unobservable inputs using a Black-Scholes valuation model. These inputs included the estimated amount and timing of projected future revenue, a discount rate of 17.5%, risk-free rates between 2.29% and 2.41% and revenue volatility of 56%. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Generally, changes used in the assumptions for projected future revenue and revenue volatility would be accompanied by a directionally similar change in the fair value measurement. Conversely, changes in the discount rate would be accompanied by a directionally opposite change in the related fair value measurement. However, due to the contingent consideration having a maximum payout amount, changes in these assumptions would not affect the fair value of the contingent consideration if they increase (decrease) beyond certain amounts. Subsequent to the acquisition date, at each reporting period, the contingent consideration liability is re-measured to fair value with changes recorded in the change in fair value of contingent consideration in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the most recent re-measurement of the contingent consideration liability as of December 31, 2021, the Company assessed the probability of meeting previously determined metrics as unlikely. The Company recognized a reduction of $81,000 in the Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021. This Contingent Consideration liability is included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 in the amount of $81,000.

The fair value of the CBS contingent consideration liability was initially valued based on unobservable inputs using a Monte Carlo simulation. These inputs included the estimated amount and timing of projected future revenue, a discount rate of 26.0%, a risk-free rate of approximately 1.74% and revenue volatility of 70%. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Generally, changes used in the assumptions for projected future revenue and revenue volatility would be accompanied by a directionally similar change in the fair value measurement. Conversely, changes in the discount rate would be accompanied by a directionally opposite change in the related fair value measurement. However, due to the contingent consideration having a maximum payout amount, changes in these assumptions would not affect the fair value of the contingent consideration if they increase (decrease) beyond certain amounts. Subsequent to the acquisition date, at each reporting period, the contingent consideration liability is re-measured to fair value with changes recorded in the change in fair value of contingent consideration in the consolidated statements of operations. During the most recent re-measurement of the Contingent Consideration liability as of December 31, 2021, the Company used a discount rate of 21.0%, a risk-free rate of 0.23% and revenue volatility of 63%. This Contingent Consideration Liability is included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 in the amount of $140,000.

The fair value of the SciSafe contingent consideration liability was initially valued based on unobservable inputs using a Monte Carlo simulation. These inputs included the estimated amount and timing of projected future revenue, a discount rate of 4.5%, a risk-free rate of approximately 0.20%, asset volatility of 60%, and revenue volatility of 15%. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Generally, changes used in the assumptions for projected future revenue and revenue volatility would be accompanied by a directionally similar change in the fair value measurement. Conversely, changes in the discount rate would be accompanied by a directionally opposite change in the related fair value measurement. However, due to the contingent consideration having a maximum payout amount, changes in these assumptions would not affect the fair value of the contingent consideration if they increase (decrease) beyond certain amounts. At the acquisition date, the contingent consideration was determined to have a fair value of $3.7 million. Subsequent to the acquisition date, the contingent consideration liability was re-measured to fair value with changes recorded in the change in fair value of contingent consideration in the consolidated statements of operations. During the most recent re-measurement of the contingent consideration liability as of December 31, 2021, the Company used a discount rate of 7.1%, a risk-free rate of approximately 0.85%, asset volatility of 72%, and revenue volatility of 27%. This contingent consideration liability is included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 in the amounts of $9.9 million and $6.9 million, respectively. The changes in fair value of contingent consideration of $3.0 million and $3.3 million associated with this liability are included within the Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

For the warrant liability, the significant Level 3 inputs included the contractual remaining term of the warrants and the volatility of the Company’s common stock. For the estimated term of the warrants, we used the actual terms of the warrants, which expired March 25, 2021. For the volatility of the Company’s stock as of December 31, 2020, we used historical volatility for the remaining term of each warrant. These amounts ranged from 56.8% to 84.6%. We did not make any adjustments to the historical volatility. Certain assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the warrants are uncertain by nature. On March 25, 2021, the expiration date of all remaining warrants, all remaining warrants were exercised via a “cashless” exercise and the warrant liability was revalued to its intrinsic value, as the Company’s stock price was observable as of that date.

There were no remeasurements to fair value during the year ended December 31, 2021 of financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

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The following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy:

(In thousands)

As of December 31, 2021 |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market accounts |  | $ | 63,873 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 63,873 |
Total |  |  | 63,873 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 63,873 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration - business combinations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 10,027 |  |  |  | 10,027 |
Total |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 10,027 |  |  | $ | 10,027 |

As of December 31, 2020 |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market accounts |  | $ | 90,403 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 90,403 |
Total |  |  | 90,403 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 90,403 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration - business combinations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7,152 |  |  |  | 7,152 |
Warrant liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,780 |  |  |  | 2,780 |
Total |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 9,932 |  |  | $ | 9,932 |

The fair values of money market funds classified as Level 1 were derived from quoted market prices as active markets for these instruments exist. The fair values of investments and contingent consideration classified as Level 3 were derived from management assumptions (see Note 1 – “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies.”) There have been no transfers of assets or liabilities between the fair value measurement levels.

The following table presents the changes in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities which are measured using Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 7,152 |  |  | $ | 1,914 |  |  |  | - |
Additions |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,663 |  |  |  | 2,347 |
Change in fair value recognized in net (loss) income |  |  | 2,875 |  |  |  | 1,575 |  |  |  | 50 |
Payments earned, reclassified to accrued liabilities |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (483 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 10,027 |  |  | $ | 7,152 |  |  | $ | 1,914 |

The following table presents the changes in fair value of warrant liabilities which are measured using Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 2,780 |  |  | $ | 39,602 |  |  |  | 28,516 |
Exercised warrants |  |  | (2,901 | ) |  |  | (33,221 | ) |  |  | (1,749 | )
Change in fair value recognized in net (loss) income |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | (3,601 | ) |  |  | 12,835 |
Ending balance |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 2,780 |  |  | $ | 39,602 |

3. | Inventories

Inventories consist of the following as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 17,252 |  |  | $ | 2,855 |
Work in progress |  |  | 5,015 |  |  |  | 2,006 |
Finished goods |  |  | 6,078 |  |  |  | 6,741 |
Total |  | $ | 28,345 |  |  | $ | 11,602 |

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4. | Assets held for rent

Assets held for rent consist of the following as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Shippers placed in service |  | $ | 5,645 |  |  | $ | 3,171 |
Fixed assets held for rent |  |  | 4,040 |  |  |  | - |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (2,272 | ) |  |  | (411 | )
Net |  |  | 7,413 |  |  |  | 2,760 |
Shippers and related components in production |  |  | 2,396 |  |  |  | 1,945 |
Total |  | $ | 9,809 |  |  | $ | 4,705 |

Shippers and related components in production include shippers complete and ready to be deployed and placed in service upon a customer order, shippers in the process of being assembled, and components available to build shippers. We recognized $1.9 million, $671,000, and $174,000 in depreciation expense related to assets held for rent during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

5. | Leases

We have various operating lease agreements for office space, warehouses, manufacturing, and production locations as well as vehicles and other equipment. Our real estate leases have remaining lease terms of one to ten years. We exclude options that are not reasonably certain to be exercised from our lease terms, ranging from one to five years. Our lease payments consist primarily of fixed rental payments for the right to use the underlying leased assets over the lease terms. For certain leases, we receive incentives from our landlords, such as rent abatements, which effectively reduce the total lease payments owed for these leases. Vehicle and other equipment operating leases have terms between one and five years.

Our financing leases relate to research equipment, machinery, and other equipment.

The table below presents certain information related to the weighted average discount rate and weighted average remaining lease term for the Company’s leases as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases |  |  | 3.8 | % |  |  | 3.3 | %
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases |  |  | 6.1 | % |  |  | 5.7 | %
Weighted average remaining lease term in years - operating leases |  |  | 7.8 |  |  |  | 9.4 |
Weighted average remaining lease term in years - finance leases |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |  | 2.6 |

The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 were as follows:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Operating lease costs |  | $ | 2,817 |  |  | $ | 839 |  |  | $ | 612 |
Short-term lease costs |  |  | 1,727 |  |  |  | 277 |  |  |  | 51 |
Total operating lease costs |  |  | 4,544 |  |  |  | 1,116 |  |  |  | 663 |
Variable lease costs |  |  | 749 |  |  |  | 357 |  |  |  | 299 |
Total lease expense |  | $ | 5,293 |  |  | $ | 1,473 |  |  | $ | 962 |

Maturities of our lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021 are as follows:

(In thousands) |  | Operating Leases |  |  | Financing Leases |
2022 |  | $ | 3,443 |  |  | $ | 171 |
2023 |  |  | 3,151 |  |  |  | 171 |
2024 |  |  | 2,883 |  |  |  | 101 |
2025 |  |  | 2,497 |  |  |  | 37 |
2026 |  |  | 2,006 |  |  |  | 2 |
Thereafter |  |  | 8,364 |  |  |  | - |
Total lease payments |  |  | 22,344 |  |  |  | 482 |
Less: interest |  |  | (3,120 | ) |  |  | (42 | )
Total present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 19,224 |  |  | $ | 440 |

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6. | Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill

The following table represents the changes in the carrying value of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

(In thousands) |  | Goodwill |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 33,637 |
Correction of an error related to CBS goodwill |  |  | (131 | )
Goodwill related to SciSafe acquisition |  |  | 24,943 |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 |  |  | 58,449 |
Goodwill related to Global Cooling acquisition |  |  | 137,822 |
Goodwill related to Sexton acquisition |  |  | 28,470 |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 224,741 |

We adjusted goodwill from the CBS Acquisition related to an immaterial error of $131,000 in payables that were paid during closing and incorrectly recorded as liabilities in our purchase price accounting as of December 31, 2019. We reduced our goodwill and accounts payable by $131,000 in the year ended December 31, 2020.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

(In thousands, except weighted average useful life) |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets: |  | Gross Carrying Value |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Value |  |  | Weighted Average Useful Life (in years) |
Customer Relationships |  | $ | 17,516 |  |  | $ | (1,776 | ) |  | $ | 15,740 |  |  |  | 10.3 |
Tradenames |  |  | 35,574 |  |  |  | (2,306 | ) |  |  | 33,268 |  |  |  | 13.8 |
Technology - acquired |  |  | 41,942 |  |  |  | (7,789 | ) |  |  | 34,153 |  |  |  | 5.9 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 1,990 |  |  |  | (442 | ) |  |  | 1,548 |  |  |  | 3.0 |
In-process research and development⁽¹⁾ |  |  | 67,440 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 67,440 |  |  |  | N/A |
Total intangible assets |  | $ | 164,462 |  |  | $ | (12,313 | ) |  | $ | 152,149 |  |  |  | 9.8 |

|  | December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets: |  | Gross Carrying Value |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Value |  |  | Weighted Average Useful Life (in years) |
Customer Relationships |  | $ | 8,220 |  |  | $ | (330 | ) |  | $ | 7,890 |  |  |  | 12.8 |
Tradenames |  |  | 6,610 |  |  |  | (508 | ) |  |  | 6,102 |  |  |  | 14.0 |
Technology - acquired |  |  | 19,670 |  |  |  | (3,232 | ) |  |  | 16,438 |  |  |  | 7.1 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 660 |  |  |  | (41 | ) |  |  | 619 |  |  |  | 3.8 |
Total intangible assets |  | $ | 35,160 |  |  | $ | (4,111 | ) |  | $ | 31,049 |  |  |  | 9.7 |

(1) | In-process R&D represents the fair value of incomplete research and development that has not yet reached technological feasibility. We will amortize the asset upon technological feasibility.

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Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $8.2 million, $3.0 million, and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the Company expects to record the following amortization expense:

(In thousands) |  |  |  |
For the Years Ending December 31, |  | Estimated Amortization Expense |
2022 |  | $ | 11,421 |
2023 |  |  | 10,951 |
2024 |  |  | 10,126 |
2025 |  |  | 9,748 |
2026 |  |  | 9,346 |
Thereafter |  |  | 33,117 |
Total |  | $ | 84,709 |

7. | Line of credit and long-term debt

Line of credit

In May 2021, the Company acquired Global Cooling and assumed a line of credit which bore interest at a floating rate equal to the 3-month LIBOR rate plus 5.50%. The maximum allowed on the line of credit was $5.0 million. The line was secured by substantially all assets of Global Cooling. In October 2021, the Company paid off the entirety of the outstanding balance on the line of credit and all related interest.

Long-term debt

In May 2021, the Company assumed three term notes in the acquisition of Global Cooling. At the time of acquisition, these notes carried aggregate outstanding principal balances of $4.4 million. These term notes bore interest at a floating rate equal to the 3-month LIBOR rate plus 6.50%. The term notes included financial covenants tied to the performance of Global Cooling.

In October 2021, the Company entered into amended and restated term notes for all three term notes assumed in the acquisition of Global Cooling. Pursuant to the loan agreements, one lender provided two term notes in the amounts of $1.4 million and $1.4 million. A separate lender provided one term note in the amount of $1.8 million. All three term notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4%, are interest-only with one balloon principal payment at maturity, and can be pre-paid without penalty at any time. All financial covenants included in the original agreements previously in effect were removed by the amended loan agreements.

Long-term debt consisted of the following as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  |  |  |  |  |  | December 31, |
(In thousands) | Maturity Date |  | Interest Rate |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
2022 term loan 1 | Sep-24 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | $ | 1,750 |  |  | $ | - |
2022 term loan 2 | Various |  |  | 4.0 | % |  |  | 2,813 |  |  |  | - |
Insurance premium financing | Apr-22 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  |  | 373 |  |  |  | - |
Paycheck Protection Program loan | May-22 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  |  | - |  |  |  | 295 |
Freezer equipment loan | Dec-25 |  |  | 5.7 | % |  |  | 612 |  |  |  | 365 |
Manufacturing equipment loans | Oct-25 |  |  | 5.7 | % |  |  | 355 |  |  |  | 439 |
Freezer installation loan | Various |  |  | 6.3 | % |  |  | 1,334 |  |  |  | 156 |
Other loans | Various |  | Various |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 14 |
Total debt, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,246 |  |  |  | 1,269 |
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | - |
Total debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,215 |  |  |  | 1,269 |
Less: current portion of debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | (862 | ) |  |  | (614 | )
Total long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,353 |  |  | $ | 655 |

The 2022 term loans are secured by substantially all assets of Global Cooling. Equipment loans are secured by the financed equipment.

As of December 31, 2021, the scheduled maturities of loans payable for each of the next five years and thereafter were as follows:

(In thousands) |  | Amount |
2022 |  | $ | 862 |
2023 |  |  | 813 |
2024 |  |  | 2,294 |
2025 |  |  | 543 |
2026 |  |  | 221 |
Thereafter |  |  | 2,513 |
Total debt, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | 7,246 |
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (31 | )
Total debt |  | $ | 7,215 |

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8. | Income taxes

The following are the domestic and foreign components of the Company's loss before income taxes:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Domestic |  | $ | (27,317 | ) |  | $ | (597 | ) |  | $ | (3,198 | )
Foreign |  |  | (436 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | (27,753 | ) |  | $ | (597 | ) |  | $ | (3,198 | )

Income tax benefit consists of the following:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
State |  |  | - |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | - |
Foreign |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total current tax provision |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | - |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | (17,703 | ) |  |  | (3,297 | ) |  |  | (1,541 | )
State |  |  | (2,424 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Foreign |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total deferred tax benefit |  |  | (20,127 | ) |  |  | (3,297 | ) |  |  | (1,541 | )
Income tax benefit |  | $ | (20,118 | ) |  | $ | (3,264 | ) |  | $ | (1,541 | )

In the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, income tax benefit included excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $10.5 million, $3.2 million, and $2.3 million, respectively.

In connection with the 2021 Global Cooling acquisition, the Company recognized a deferred tax liability estimated to be $24.1 million. As a result, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $8.0 million for the release of valuation allowance on our existing U.S. deferred tax assets as a result of the offset of the deferred tax liabilities established for intangible assets from the acquisition. In connection with the 2021 Sexton acquisition, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability estimated to be $1.5 million with an offset to goodwill.

In connection with the 2020 SciSafe acquisition, the Company recognized a deferred tax liability of $3.3 million on acquired intangible assets. As a result, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $3.3 million for the release of valuation allowance on our existing U.S. deferred tax assets as a result of the offset of deferred tax liabilities established for intangible assets from the acquisition.

In connection with the 2019 SAVSU acquisition, the Company recognized a deferred tax liability of $1.5 million on acquired intangible assets. As a result, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $1.5 million for the release of valuation allowance on our existing U.S. deferred tax assets as a result of the offset of deferred tax liabilities established for intangible assets from the acquisition.

A reconciliation of income taxes computed using the U.S. federal statutory rate to that reflected in operations follows:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Federal statutory tax |  |  | 21 | % |  |  | 21 | % |  |  | 21 | %
State tax, net of federal benefit |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 39 | % |  |  | - |
Stock compensation |  |  | 38 | % |  |  | 538 | % |  |  | 74 | %
Sec. 162(m) limitation on executive compensation |  |  | (12 | %) |  |  | (35 | %) |  |  | (17 | %)
Fair value change in contingent consideration |  |  | (2 | %) |  |  | (81 | %) |  |  | - |
Fair value change in warrant liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | 127 | % |  |  | (82 | %)
Transaction costs |  |  | (1 | %) |  |  | (6 | %) |  |  | (4 | %)
Gain on stock acquisition |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | - |  |  |  | 64 | %
Tax credits |  |  | - |  |  |  | 12 | % |  |  | 5 | %
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | 21 | % |  |  | 35 | % |  |  | (5 | %)
Book loss on equity method investment |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5 | %)
Expired net operating losses |  |  | (5 | %) |  |  | (100 | %) |  |  | (5 | %)
Other |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3 | %) |  |  | 1 | %
Total |  |  | 72 | % |  |  | 547 | % |  |  | 47 | %

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The principal components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets are as follows as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Deferred tax assets related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards |  | $ | 27,500 |  |  | $ | 12,314 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 2,066 |  |  |  | 1,678 |
Accruals and reserves |  |  | 2,902 |  |  |  | 427 |
Inventory |  |  | 236 |  |  |  | 142 |
Lease liabilities |  |  | 4,198 |  |  |  | 2,247 |
Tax credit carryforward |  |  | 594 |  |  |  | 225 |
Other |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | 48 |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 37,814 |  |  |  | 17,081 |
Deferred tax liabilities related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangibles |  |  | (35,241 | ) |  |  | (5,025 | )
Right-of-use assets |  |  | (4,070 | ) |  |  | (2,261 | )
Fair value change in investments |  |  | (294 | ) |  |  | (287 | )
Fixed assets |  |  | (1,203 | ) |  |  | (959 | )
Other |  |  | - |  |  |  | (51 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (40,808 | ) |  |  | (8,583 | )
Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets before valuation allowance |  |  | (2,994 | ) |  |  | 8,498 |
Less: valuation allowance |  |  | (2,493 | ) |  |  | (8,498 | )
Net deferred tax liabilities |  | $ | (5,487 | ) |  | $ | - |

Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income, if any, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required on deferred tax assets considers the evaluation of both positive and negative evidence when concluding whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets are realizable. The valuation allowance recorded as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 primarily relates to deferred tax assets for net operating loss carryforwards.

The changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets were as follows:

(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Balance at January 1 |  | $ | 8,498 |  |  | $ | 8,706 |  |  | $ | 8,345 |
Deferred tax liabilities assumed through acquisitions |  |  | (8,498 | ) |  |  | (3,297 | ) |  |  | (1,541 | )
Charged to income tax expense |  |  | 2,493 |  |  |  | 3,089 |  |  |  | 1,902 |
Balance at December 31 |  | $ | 2,493 |  |  | $ | 8,498 |  |  | $ | 8,706 |

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had U.S. federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $120.6 million. Approximately $39.5 million of NOL will expire from 2023 through 2037, and approximately $81.1 million of NOL will be carried forward indefinitely. The NOL carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation in the event of certain cumulative changes in the ownership interest. This limited the amount of tax attributes that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income or tax liabilities. Subsequent ownership changes may further affect the limitation in future years.

The Company determines its uncertain tax positions based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the relevant income tax authorities.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of uncertain tax positions in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:

(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Balance as of January 1 |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | - |
Increase related to prior year tax positions |  |  | - |  |  |  | 36 |
Increase related to current year tax positions |  |  | 159 |  |  |  | 60 |
Balance as of December 31 |  | $ | 255 |  |  | $ | 96 |

The Company did not have any uncertain tax positions or changes in uncertain tax positions as of or in the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company is generally subject to examination by U.S. federal and local income tax authorities for all tax years in which loss carryforward is available, which includes 2003 through 2021.

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9. | Warrants

In March 2014, pursuant to a to a registered public offering and note conversion agreement with certain note holders, the Company issued warrants to purchase 6,910,283 shares of common stock at $4.75 per share. The warrants had an original expiration date of March 2021.

In May 2016, in connection with a credit facility, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 550,000 shares of common stock at $1.75 per share. The warrant was immediately exercisable and had an original expiration date of May 2021.

In May 2020, the Company entered into separate warrant exercise agreements with WAVI Holding AG and Taurus4757 GmbH pursuant to which the warrant holders immediately exercised their respective warrants via a “cashless” exercise as agreed to by the Company. As a result of the cashless exercise, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,747,970 shares of Company common stock upon cashless exercise of an aggregate of 3,871,405 warrants.

In March 2021, all remaining outstanding warrants were exercised via a “cashless” exercise. As a result of the cashless exercise, the Company issued an aggregate of 70,030 shares of Company common stock upon cashless exercise of an aggregate of 79,100 warrants.

The following table summarizes warrant activity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
|  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Exercise Price |  |  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Exercise Price |  |  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Exercise Price |
Outstanding at beginning of year |  |  | 79,100 |  |  | $ | 4.75 |  |  |  | 3,959,005 |  |  | $ | 4.33 |  |  |  | 4,080,005 |  |  | $ | 4.35 |
Exercised |  |  | (79,100 | ) |  |  | 4.75 |  |  |  | (3,879,905 | ) |  |  | 4.33 |  |  |  | (121,000 | ) |  |  | 4.75 |
Outstanding and exercisable at end of year |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | 79,100 |  |  | $ | 4.75 |  |  |  | 3,959,005 |  |  | $ | 4.33 |

10. | Stock-based compensation

Stock compensation plans

Our stock-based compensation programs are long-term retention programs that are intended to attract, retain and provide incentives for talented employees, officers and directors, and to align stockholder and employee interests. We have the following stock-based compensation plans and programs:

During 2013, we adopted the 2013 Performance Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”), which allows us to grant options or restricted stock awards to all employees, including executive officers, outside consultants and non-employee directors. An aggregate of 3.1 million shares of common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan. In May 2017, July 2020, and June 2021, the shareholders approved an increase in the number of shares available for issuance to 4.1 million shares, 5.0 million shares, and 6.5 million shares, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, there were outstanding options to purchase 589,000 shares of Company common stock and 1.4 million unvested restricted stock awards outstanding under the 2013 Plan.

The Company also issued, outside any approved compensation plans, non-incentive stock options. As of December 31, 2021, there were 36,000 such options outstanding which were fully vested prior to 2019.

Issuance of shares

When options and warrants are exercised, it is the Company’s policy to issue new shares.

Stock option activity

Service vesting-based stock options

The following is a summary of service vesting-based stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the status of service vesting-based stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Exercise Price |  |  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Exercise Price |
Outstanding as of beginning of year |  |  | 844,455 |  |  | $ | 2.00 |  |  |  | 1,570,455 |  |  | $ | 1.96 |
Exercised |  |  | (183,064 | ) |  |  | 1.61 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Forfeited |  |  | (1,146 | ) |  |  | 5.69 |  |  |  | (726,000 | ) |  |  | 1.91 |
Expired |  |  | (35,714 | ) |  |  | 1.73 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Outstanding as of end of year |  |  | 624,531 |  |  | $ | 2.13 |  |  |  | 844,455 |  |  | $ | 2.00 |
Stock options exercisable at year end |  |  | 624,531 |  |  | $ | 2.13 |  |  |  | 832,478 |  |  | $ | 1.98 |

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We recognized stock compensation expense related to service-based options of $25,000, $119,000, and $370,000 during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. As of December 31, 2021, there was $21.9 million of aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding service vesting-based stock options, including $21.9 million of aggregate intrinsic value of exercisable service vesting-based stock options. Intrinsic value is the total pretax intrinsic value for all “in-the-money” options (i.e., the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the year and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2021. This amount will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock. Intrinsic value of service vesting-based awards exercised during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $6.9 million, $13.1 million, and $7.1 million, respectively. There were no service based-vesting options granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. The weighted average remaining contractual life of service vesting-based options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2021 is 3.2 years. There were no unrecognized compensation costs for service vesting-based stock options as of December 31, 2021.

The following table summarizes information about service vesting-based stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2021:

Range of Exercise Prices |  |  | Number Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
$1.00 | - | 1.50 |  |  |  | 26,428 |  |  |  | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 1.38 |
$1.51 | - | 2.00 |  |  |  | 290,760 |  |  |  | 3.27 |  |  |  | 1.87 |
$2.01 | - | 2.50 |  |  |  | 265,775 |  |  |  | 3.35 |  |  |  | 2.06 |
$2.51 | - | 8.60 |  |  |  | 41,568 |  |  |  | 3.75 |  |  |  | 4.86 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 624,531 |  |  |  | 3.24 |  |  | $ | 2.13 |

Performance-based stock options

The Company’s Board of Directors implemented a Management Performance Bonus Plan for 2017. Based on achieving varying levels of specified revenue for the year ending December 31, 2017, up to 1,000,000 options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were available for vesting. The options had an exercise price of $1.64 and vested if revenue levels for 2017 were met. If the minimum performance targets were not achieved, no options would have vested. On February 27, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors determined that the specified revenue target had been achieved. Accordingly, 999,997 options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock vested in 2017 and 2018.

The following is a summary of performance-based stock option activity under our stock option plans for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the status of performance-based stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Exercise Price |  |  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Exercise Price |
Outstanding as of beginning of year |  |  | 686,001 |  |  | $ | 1.64 |  |  |  | 737,497 |  |  | $ | 1.64 |
Exercised |  |  | (686,001 | ) |  |  | 1.64 |  |  |  | (51,496 | ) |  |  | 1.64 |
Outstanding as of end of year |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | 686,001 |  |  | $ | 1.64 |
Stock options exercisable as of year end |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | 686,001 |  |  | $ | 1.64 |

No stock compensation expense was recognized during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 related to performance-based options. The intrinsic value of performance-based awards exercised during the years ending December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $27.4 million, $1.3 million, and $3.7 million, respectively. There were no stock options granted to employees and non-employee directors in the years ending December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

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Restricted stock

Service vesting-based restricted stock

The following is a summary of service vesting-based restricted stock activity for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the status of unvested service vesting-based restricted stock outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |  |  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |
Outstanding as of beginning of year |  |  | 930,854 |  |  | $ | 19.31 |  |  |  | 429,399 |  |  | $ | 13.25 |
Granted |  |  | 801,484 |  |  |  | 47.20 |  |  |  | 717,267 |  |  |  | 20.88 |
Granted in lieu of cash |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 34,154 |  |  |  | 9.18 |
Vested |  |  | (378,502 | ) |  |  | 19.31 |  |  |  | (208,858 | ) |  |  | 11.32 |
Forfeited |  |  | (141,053 | ) |  |  | 36.95 |  |  |  | (41,108 | ) |  |  | 15.47 |
Non-vested as of year end |  |  | 1,212,783 |  |  | $ | 37.48 |  |  |  | 930,854 |  |  | $ | 19.31 |

On November 4, 2021, the Board of Directors approved to modify certain restricted stock awards that were awarded to one executive that otherwise would have expired upon the executive’s intended retirement in early 2023. The modification accelerated the vesting of the awards to vest equally over four quarters in the year ended December 31, 2022. We recorded incremental stock-based compensation expense of $666,000 in the year ended December 31, 2021 for this stock option modification.

The aggregate fair value of the service vesting-based awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $37.8 million, $15.3 million, and $5.3 million, respectively. The aggregate fair value of the service vesting-based awards that vested during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $15.9 million, $4.5 million, and $1.9 million, respectively.

On March 25, 2020, our board of directors granted 34,154 restricted stock awards, based on a fair value on the grant date of $9.18 per share, in lieu of the 2019 cash performance bonus for our executive compensation plan. The award vested in full on September 25, 2020 regardless of employment status on that date. All expenses related to these awards were incurred in the year ended December 31, 2019.

We recognized stock compensation expense of $12.7 million, $3.0 million, and $1.2 million related to service vesting-based awards during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, there was $38.9 million in unrecognized compensation costs related to service vesting-based awards. We expect to recognize those costs over 3.0 years.

Performance-based restricted stock

On March 25, 2020, the Company granted 82,805 shares of performance-based stock to its executives in the form of restricted stock. The shares granted contain a performance condition based on several Company metrics related to 2020 performance. The grant date fair value of this award was $9.18 per share. The fair value of this award was expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period ending on December 31, 2020.

The following is a summary of performance-based restricted stock activity for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |  |  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |
Outstanding as of beginning of year |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |
Granted |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 82,805 |  |  |  | 9.18 |
Vested |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (82,805 | ) |  |  | 9.18 |
Non-vested as of year end |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |

We recognized stock compensation expense of zero, $760,000, and zero related to performance-based restricted stock awards for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, there were no unrecognized non-cash compensation costs related to performance-based restricted stock awards. Non-cash compensation costs were expensed over the period for which performance was measured.

The aggregate fair value of the performance-based awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was zero, $760,000, and zero, respectively. The aggregate fair value of the performance-based awards that vested during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was zero, $2.3 million, and zero, respectively.

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Market-based restricted stock

The following is a summary of market-based restricted stock activity under our stock option plan for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 and the status of market-based restricted stock outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |  |  | Shares |  |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |
Outstanding as of beginning of year |  |  | 224,774 |  |  | $ | 19.20 |  |  |  | 123,851 |  |  | $ | 26.99 |
Granted |  |  | 152,665 |  |  |  | 32.50 |  |  |  | 109,140 |  |  |  | 10.95 |
Vested |  |  | (231,268 | ) |  |  | 26.98 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Forfeited |  |  | (6,415 | ) |  |  | 40.65 |  |  |  | (8,217 | ) |  |  | 27.02 |
Non-vested as of year end |  |  | 139,756 |  |  | $ | 19.86 |  |  |  | 224,774 |  |  | $ | 19.20 |

On February 25, 2019 the Company granted 94,247 shares and on April 1, 2019 granted 29,604 shares of market-based stock to its executives in the form of restricted stock. The shares granted contain a market condition based on Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”). The TSR market condition measures the Company’s performance against a peer group. On February 8, 2021, the Company determined the TSR attainment was 200% of the targeted shares, resulting in 115,634 shares being granted and 231,268 shares vesting to current employees of the Company based on our total shareholder return during the period beginning on January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2020 as compared to the total shareholder return of 20 of our peers. The fair value of this award was determined at the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions: a historical volatility of 69%, 0% dividend yield and a risk-free interest rate of 2.5%. The historical volatility was based on the most recent 2-year period for the Company and correlated with the components of the peer group. The stock price projection for the Company and the components of the peer group assumes a 0% dividend yield. This is mathematically equivalent to reinvesting dividends in the issuing entity over the performance period. The risk-free interest is based on the yield on the U.S. Treasury Strips as of the Measurement Date with a maturity consistent with the 2-year term associated with the market condition of the award. The fair value of this award of $3.1 million was expensed on a straight-line basis over the grant date to the vesting date of December 31, 2020.

On March 25, 2020, the Company granted 109,140 shares of market-based stock to its executives in the form of restricted stock. The shares granted contain a market condition based on TSR. The TSR market condition measures the Company’s performance against a peer group. The market-based restricted stock awards will vest as to between 0% and 200% of the number of restricted shares granted to each recipient based on our total shareholder return during the period beginning on January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021 as compared to the total shareholder return of 20 of our peers. The fair value of this award was determined at the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions: a historical volatility of 78%, 0% dividend yield and a risk-free interest rate of 0.3%. The historical volatility was based on the most recent 2-year period for the Company and correlated with the components of the peer group. The stock price projection for the Company and the components of the peer group assumes a 0% dividend yield. This is mathematically equivalent to reinvesting dividends in the issuing entity over the performance period. The risk-free interest is based on the yield on the U.S. Treasury Strips as of the Measurement Date with a maturity consistent with the 2-year term associated with the market condition of the award. The fair value of this award of $1.2 million was expensed on a straight-line basis over the grant date to the vesting date of December 31, 2021.

On February 8, 2021, the Company granted 30,616 shares of market-based stock to its executives in the form of restricted stock. The shares granted contain a market condition based on TSR. The TSR market condition measures the Company’s performance against a peer group. The market-based restricted stock awards will vest as to between 0% and 200% of the number of restricted shares granted to each recipient based on our total shareholder return during the period beginning on January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2022 as compared to the total shareholder return of 20 of our peers. The fair value of this award was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions: a historical volatility of 68%, 0% dividend yield and a risk-free interest rate of 0.1%. The historical volatility was based on the most recent 2-year period for the Company and correlated with the components of the peer group. The stock price projection for the Company and the components of the peer group assumes a 0% dividend yield. This is mathematically equivalent to reinvesting dividends in the issuing entity over the performance period. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield on the U.S. Treasury Strips as of the Measurement Date with a maturity consistent with the 2-year term associated with the market condition of the award. The fair value of this award of $1.3 million is being expensed on a straight-line basis over the grant date to the vesting date of December 31, 2022.

On May 3, 2021, the Company granted 6,415 shares of market-based stock to one executive in the form of restricted stock. The shares granted contain a market condition based on TSR. The TSR market condition measures the Company’s performance against a peer group. The market-based restricted stock awards will vest as to between 0% and 200% of the number of restricted shares granted to the recipient based on our total shareholder return during the period beginning on January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2022 as compared to the total shareholder return of 20 of our peers. The fair value of this award was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions: a historical volatility of 68%, 0% dividend yield and a risk-free interest rate of 0.2%. The historical volatility was based on the most recent 2-year period for the Company and correlated with the components of the peer group. The stock price projection for the Company and the components of the peer group assumes a 0% dividend yield. This is mathematically equivalent to reinvesting dividends in the issuing entity over the performance period. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield on the U.S. Treasury Strips as of the Measurement Date with a maturity consistent with the 2-year term associated with the market condition of the award. In November 2021, the executive departed the company and, as a result, forfeited these shares, resulting in no expense being recognized in the year ended December 31, 2021 for this award.

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We recognized stock compensation expense of $1.4 million, $2.1 million, and $1.5 million related to market-based restricted stock awards for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. As of December 31, 2021, there was $834,000 in unrecognized non-cash compensation costs related to market-based restricted stock awards expected to vest. We expect to recognize those costs over 1.0 year.

The aggregate fair value of the market-based awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $1.8 million, $1.2 million, and $3.3 million, respectively. The aggregate fair value of the market-based awards that vested during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $10.2 million, zero, and zero, respectively.

Total stock compensation expense

We recorded total stock compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, as follows:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Research and development costs |  | $ | 1,906 |  |  | $ | 1,012 |  |  | $ | 571 |
Sales and marketing costs |  |  | 1,788 |  |  |  | 852 |  |  |  | 711 |
General and administrative costs |  |  | 8,061 |  |  |  | 3,518 |  |  |  | 1,584 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | 2,201 |  |  |  | 599 |  |  |  | 177 |
Total |  | $ | 13,956 |  |  | $ | 5,981 |  |  | $ | 3,043 |

11. | Commitments and contingencies

Employment agreements

We have employment agreements with certain key employees. None of these employment agreements is for a definitive period, but rather each will continue indefinitely until terminated in accordance with its terms. The agreements provide for a base annual salary, payable in monthly (or shorter) installments. Under certain conditions and for certain of these officers, we may be required to pay additional amounts upon terminating the officer or upon the officer resigning for good reason.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company is subject to various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, none of which are currently material to the Company’s business. The Company’s industry is characterized by frequent claims and litigation, including claims regarding intellectual property. As a result, the Company may be subject to various legal proceedings from time to time. The results of any future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. Management is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation.

Indemnification

As permitted under Delaware law and in accordance with the Company’s bylaws, the Company is required to indemnify its officers and directors for certain errors and occurrences while the officer or director is or was serving in such capacity. The Company is also party to indemnification agreements with its directors. The Company believes the fair value of the indemnification rights and agreements is minimal. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any liabilities for these indemnification rights and agreements as of December 31, 2021.

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12. | Acquisitions

Sexton acquisition

General terms and effects

On August 9, 2021, BioLife entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Sexton Merger Agreement”) with BLFS Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Sexton Merger Sub”), Fortis Advisors LLC, in its capacity as the representative of the stockholders of Sexton (the “Sexton Seller Representative”) and Sexton, a Delaware corporation. The acquisition strengthens BioLife’s offerings in the cell and gene therapy and broader biopharma markets.

On September 1, 2021, the Company completed the merger of Sexton Merger Sub with and into Sexton and Sexton became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Sexton Merger”). As consideration for the Sexton Merger (the “Sexton Merger Consideration”), holders of common stock, preferred stock and options of Sexton, other than the Company (collectively, the “Sexton Participating Holders”), are entitled to receive an aggregate of 530,502 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain post-closing adjustments, of which 477,452 shares of Common Stock were issued to the Sexton Participating Holders at the Closing, and 53,050 shares of Common Stock, or approximately 10% of the Merger consideration, were deposited into an escrow account for indemnification and post-closing purchase price adjustment purposes. Prior to the merger, the Company held preferred stock in Sexton, which was accounted for using a measurement alternative that measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable process changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. The Company accounted for the merger as a step acquisition, which required remeasurement of the Company’s existing ownership in Sexton to fair value prior to completing the acquisition method of accounting. Using step acquisition accounting, the Company increased the value of its existing equity interest to its fair value, resulting in the recognition of a non-cash gain of $6.5 million, which was included in the gain on acquisition of Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company utilized a market-based valuation approach to determine the fair value of the existing equity interest based on the total merger consideration offered and the Company’s stock price at acquisition.

Total consideration transferred (in thousands, except number of shares and stock price):

Merger consideration shares |  |  | 530,502 |
BioLife stock price (as of September 1, 2021) |  | $ | 60.50 |
Value of issued shares |  | $ | 32,095 |
plus: Fair value of BioLife’s existing investment in Sexton |  | $ | 7,951 |
less: Net working capital adjustment |  | $ | (118 | )
Merger Consideration |  | $ | 39,928 |

Transaction costs related to the acquisition are expensed as incurred and are not included in the calculation of consideration transferred.

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Fair value of net assets acquired

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Sexton were calculated as of the merger date, at their respective fair values, and consolidated with those of BioLife. The gross contractual accounts receivable acquired in the acquisition was $509,000. Of the acquired accounts receivable, $17,000 is estimated to be uncollectable. The fair value calculations required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

The table below represents the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which were recorded as of the merger date (amounts in thousands).

Cash |  | $ | 1,516 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 492 |
Inventory |  |  | 1,310 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 670 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 737 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net |  |  | 470 |
Developed technology |  |  | 4,132 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 2,276 |
Tradenames |  |  | 2,324 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 90 |
Goodwill |  |  | 28,470 |
Accounts payable |  |  | (291 | )
Lease liabilities, operating |  |  | (470 | )
Deferred tax liability |  |  | (1,482 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (316 | )
Fair value of net assets acquired |  | $ | 39,928 |

We recorded a measurement period adjustment in the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2021 of $198,000 to the fair value of goodwill and the deferred tax liability. This adjustment related to the tax attributes of the business combination.

The fair value of Sexton’s identifiable intangible assets and useful lives are as follows (amounts in thousands, except years):

|  | Fair Value |  |  | Useful Life (Years) |
Developed technology |  | $ | 4,132 |  |  |  | 5 | - | 9 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 2,276 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |
Tradenames |  |  | 2,324 |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 90 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Total identifiable intangible assets |  | $ | 8,822 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Fair value measurement methodologies used to calculate the value of any asset can be broadly classified into one of three approaches, referred to as the cost, market and income approaches. In any fair value measurement analysis, all three approaches must be considered, and the approach or approaches deemed most relevant will then be selected for use in the fair value measurement of that asset. The estimated fair values of developed technology were estimated using a multi-period excess earnings approach. The estimated fair values of customer relationships and non-compete agreements were estimated using a “with and without” approach, comparing projected cash flows under scenarios assuming the customer relationships and non-compete agreements were and were not in place. The estimated fair value of the tradenames is based on the relief from royalty method, which estimates the value of the trade names based on the hypothetical royalty payments that are saved by owning the asset.

Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in the development of intangible asset fair values, from the perspective of a market participant, include, but are not limited to (i) the amount and timing of projected future cash flows (including revenue and expenses), (ii) the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows, (iii) the assessment of the asset’s life cycle, and (iv) the competitive trends impacting the asset.

Acquired goodwill

The goodwill of $28.5 million represents future economic benefits expected to arise from synergies from combining operations and commercial organizations to increase market presence and the extension of existing customer relationships. The goodwill recorded is not deductible for income tax purposes.

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Global Cooling acquisition

General terms and effects

On March 19, 2021, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “GCI Merger Agreement”) with BLFS Merger Subsidiary, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“GCI Merger Sub”), Global Cooling, a Delaware corporation and Albert Vierling and William Baumel, in their capacity as the representatives of the stockholders of GCI (collectively, the “GCI Seller Representative”). The acquisition strengthens BioLife’s offerings in the cell and gene therapy and broader biopharma markets.

On May 3, 2021, pursuant to the GCI Merger Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, the transactions contemplated by the GCI Merger Agreement were consummated (the “GCI Closing”), GCI Merger Sub merged with and into GCI (the “GCI Merger” and, together with other transactions contemplated by the GCI Merger Agreement, the “GCI Transactions”), with GCI continuing as the surviving corporation in the GCI Merger and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. In the GCI Merger, all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of GCI immediately prior to the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (other than those properly exercising any applicable dissenter’s rights under Delaware law) were converted into the right to receive the GCI Merger Consideration (as defined below). The Company paid the GCI Merger Consideration to the holders of common stock and preferred stock of GCI (collectively, the “GCI Stockholders”).

Merger consideration

The aggregate merger consideration paid pursuant to the GCI Merger Agreement to the GCI Stockholders was 6,646,870 newly issued shares of common stock, provided, however, that the GCI Merger Consideration otherwise payable to GCI Stockholders is subject to the withholding of the GCI Escrow Shares (as defined below) and is subject to reduction for indemnification obligations. The GCI Merger Consideration allocable to one GCI stockholder was reduced by 10,400 shares to satisfy an outstanding note receivable of $374,000. In accordance with ASC 805, the Company recognized the settlement of pre-existing relationships in the forms of cash deposits, trade receivables, and trade payables, which are included in the consideration transferred. The GCI Merger Consideration is not subject to any purchase price adjustments.

Total consideration transferred (in thousands, except number of shares, stock price, and consideration percentage):

BioLife shares outstanding (as of March 19, 2021) |  |  | 33,401,359 |
Merger consideration percentage |  |  | 19.9 | %
Merger consideration shares |  |  | 6,646,870 |
less: Merger consideration shares withheld to satisfy outstanding GCI stockholder obligations to GCI |  |  | 10,400 |
Subtotal |  |  | 6,636,470 |
BioLife stock price (as of May 3, 2021) |  | $ | 35.07 |
Value of issued shares |  | $ | 232,741 |
plus: Settlement of BioLife prepaid deposits |  | $ | 2,152 |
plus: Net settlement of BioLife accounts receivable |  | $ | 16 |
Merger Consideration |  | $ | 234,909 |

Transaction costs related to the acquisition are expensed as incurred and are not included in the calculation of consideration transferred.

Escrow shares

At the GCI Closing, approximately nine percent (9%) of the GCI Merger Consideration (the “Escrow Shares”, along with any other dividends, distributions or other income on the GCI Escrow Shares, the “GCI Escrow Property”) otherwise issuable to the GCI Stockholders (allocated pro rata among the GCI Stockholders based on the GCI Merger Consideration otherwise issuable to them at the GCI Closing), was deposited into a segregated escrow account in accordance with an escrow agreement to be entered into in connection with the GCI Transactions (the “GCI Escrow Agreement”).

The GCI Escrow Property will be held for a period of up to twenty-four (24) months after the GCI Closing as the sole and exclusive source of payment for any post-GCI Closing indemnification claims (other than fraud claims), unless earlier released in accordance with the terms of the GCI Escrow Agreement.

Fair value of net assets acquired

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Global Cooling were calculated as of the merger date, at their respective fair values, and consolidated with those of BioLife. The gross contractual accounts receivable acquired in the acquisition was $7.1 million. Of the acquired accounts receivable, $53,000 was estimated to be uncollectable. The fair value calculations required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

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The table below represents the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which were recorded as of the merger date (amounts in thousands).

Cash |  | $ | 43 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 7,076 |
Inventory |  |  | 15,547 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 639 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 3,512 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net |  |  | 1,741 |
Financing lease right-of-use assets, net |  |  | 114 |
Long-term deposits and other assets |  |  | 4 |
Developed technology |  |  | 18,140 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 7,020 |
Tradenames |  |  | 26,640 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 1,240 |
In-process research and development |  |  | 67,440 |
Goodwill |  |  | 137,822 |
Accounts payable |  |  | (9,837 | )
Line of credit |  |  | (4,231 | )
Lease liabilities, operating |  |  | (1,880 | )
Lease liabilities, financing |  |  | (114 | )
Long-term debt |  |  | (4,410 | )
Deferred tax liability |  |  | (24,133 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (7,464 | )
Fair value of net assets acquired |  | $ | 234,909 |

We recorded a measurement period adjustment in the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2021 of $607,000 to the fair value of goodwill and the deferred tax liability. This adjustment related to the tax attributes of the business combination.

The fair value of Global Cooling’s identifiable intangible assets and useful lives are as follows (amounts in thousands, except years):

|  | Fair Value |  |  | Useful Life (Years) |
Developed technology |  | $ | 18,140 |  |  |  | 6 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 7,020 |  |  |  | 12 |
Tradenames |  |  | 26,640 |  |  |  | 15 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 1,240 |  |  |  | 4 |
In-process research and development |  |  | 67,440 |  |  |  | N/A |
Total identifiable intangible assets |  | $ | 120,480 |  |  |  |  |

Fair value measurement methodologies used to calculate the value of any asset can be broadly classified into one of three approaches, referred to as the cost, market and income approaches. In any fair value measurement analysis, all three approaches must be considered, and the approach or approaches deemed most relevant will then be selected for use in the fair value measurement of that asset. The fair values of developed technology and in-process research and development were estimated using a multi-period excess earnings approach. The fair values of customer relationships were estimated using the “distributor method”. The fair value of the tradenames is based on the relief from royalty method, which estimates the value of the trade names based on the hypothetical royalty payments that are saved by owning the asset. The fair values of non-compete agreements were estimated using a “with and without” approach, comparing projected cash flows under scenarios assuming the non-compete agreements were and were not in place. The fair value of inventory and property, plant and equipment were determined using the “market approach”.

Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in the development of intangible asset fair values, from the perspective of a market participant, include, but are not limited to (i) the amount and timing of projected future cash flows (including revenue and expenses), (ii) the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows, (iii) the assessment of the asset’s life cycle, and (iv) the competitive trends impacting the asset.

Acquired goodwill

The goodwill of $137.8 million represents future economic benefits expected to arise from synergies from combining operations and commercial organizations to increase market presence and the extension of existing customer relationships. The goodwill recorded is not deductible for income tax purposes.

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SciSafe acquisition

On September 18, 2020, BioLife entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, by and among the Company, SciSafe Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and the stockholders of SciSafe (collectively, the “SciSafe Sellers”) in accordance with the Stock Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase from the SciSafe Sellers one hundred percent (100%) of the issued and outstanding capital shares or other equity interests of SciSafe (the “SciSafe Acquisition”). The SciSafe Acquisition closed October 1, 2020. The acquisition strengthens BioLife’s offerings in the cell and gene therapy and broader biopharma markets.

Consideration transferred

The SciSafe Acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of a business under FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. At the closing of the SciSafe Acquisition, the Company agreed to issue to the SciSafe Sellers 611,683 shares of common stock valued at $29.29 per share and a cash payment of $15 million, with $1.5 million held in escrow to account for adjustments for net working capital and as a security for, and a source of payment of, the Company’s indemnity rights. Pending the occurrence of certain events, the Company will issue to the SciSafe Sellers an additional 626,000 shares of common stock, which shall be issuable to SciSafe Sellers upon SciSafe achieving certain specified revenue targets in each year from 2021 to 2024. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from SciSafe were recorded as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values, and consolidated with those of BioLife. The fair value calculations required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

Total consideration transferred (in thousands):

Cash consideration |  | $ | 15,000 |
Stock consideration |  |  | 17,916 |
Contingent consideration |  |  | 3,663 |
Working capital adjustment |  |  | (53 | )
Total consideration transferred |  | $ | 36,526 |

Fair value of net assets acquired

The table below represents the purchase price allocation to the net assets acquired based on their fair values (amounts in thousands).

Cash |  | $ | 500 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 945 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 31 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 3,400 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 7,420 |
Tradenames |  |  | 4,020 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 660 |
Goodwill |  |  | 24,943 |
Other assets |  |  | 1,547 |
Accounts payable |  |  | (885 | )
Deferred tax liability |  |  | (3,297 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (2,758 | )
Fair value of net assets acquired |  | $ | 36,526 |

On September 30, 2020, the Company advanced SciSafe $500,000 in cash for working capital purposes. This cash and a payable due to the Company were both assumed in the transaction and are both reflected in the fair value of net assets acquired.

The fair value of SciSafe’s identifiable intangible assets and useful lives are as follows (amounts in thousands except years):

|  | Fair Value |  |  | Useful Life (Years) |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 7,420 |  |  |  | 14 |
Tradenames |  |  | 4,020 |  |  |  | 19 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 660 |  |  |  | 4 |
Total identifiable intangible assets |  | $ | 12,100 |  |  |  |  |

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Fair value measurement methodologies used to calculate the value of any asset can be broadly classified into one of three approaches, referred to as the cost, market and income approaches. In any fair value measurement analysis, all three approaches must be considered, and the approach or approaches deemed most relevant will then be selected for use in the fair value measurement of that asset. The fair values of customer relationships were estimated using a multi-period excess earnings approach. The fair value of the tradenames is based on the relief from royalty method which estimates the value of the trade names based on the hypothetical royalty payments that are saved by owning the asset. The fair values of non-compete agreements were estimated using a “with and without” approach, comparing projected cash flows under scenarios assuming the non-compete agreements were and were not in place. The fair value of property, plant and equipment was determined using the “market approach”. The fair value of the milestone contingent consideration was determined using a scenario analysis valuation method which incorporates BioLife’s assumptions with respect to the likelihood of achievement of certain revenue milestones, revenue volatility, credit risk, timing of earnout share issuances and a risk-adjusted discount rate to estimate the present value of the expected earnout share issuances.

Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in the development of intangible asset fair values, from the perspective of a market participant, include, but are not limited to (i) the amount and timing of projected future cash flows (including revenue and expenses), (ii) the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows, (iii) the assessment of the asset’s life cycle, and (iv) the competitive trends impacting the asset.

Indemnification asset

In 2020, the Company recognized a $130,000 liability for a non-income tax contingency related to the acquisition of SciSafe. At the date of acquisition, we recognized an indemnification asset at the same time and on the same basis as the recognized liability, to the extent that collection is reasonably assured, in accordance with ASC 805. When indemnified, subsequent changes in the indemnified item are offset by changes in the indemnification asset. We assess the realizability of the indemnification asset each reporting period. Changes in the principal portion of non-income tax contingencies, as well as changes in any related indemnification asset, are included in operating income. The indemnification asset is included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the balance sheet.

Acquired goodwill

The goodwill of $24.9 million represents future economic benefits expected to arise from synergies from combining operations and commercial organizations to increase market presence and the extension of existing customer relationships. The goodwill recorded is not deductible for income tax purposes.

Custom Biogenic Systems Acquisition

On November 10, 2019, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement, by and among the Company, Arctic Solutions, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and CBS, a Michigan corporation, pursuant to which we agreed to purchase from CBS substantially all of CBS’s assets, properties and rights (the “CBS Acquisition”). CBS, a privately held company with operations located near Detroit, Michigan, designs and manufactures liquid nitrogen laboratory freezers and cryogenic equipment and also offers a related cloud-based monitoring system that continuously assesses biologic sample storage conditions and alerts equipment owners if a fault condition occurs. The CBS Acquisition closed on November 12, 2019.

In connection with the CBS Acquisition, we paid to CBS (i) a base payment in the amount of $15.0 million, consisting of a cash payment of $11.0 million paid at the closing of the CBS Acquisition, less a cash holdback escrow of $550,000 to satisfy certain indemnification claims, and an aggregate number of shares of our common stock, with an aggregate fair value equal to $4.0 million, less a holdback escrow of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate value equal to $3.0 million to satisfy potential payments related to any product liability claims outstanding as of March 13, 2019, and (ii) potential earnout payments in calendar years 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024 of up to an aggregate of, but not exceeding, $15.0 million payable to the sole shareholder of CBS upon achieving certain specified revenue targets in each year for certain product lines. The revenue targets set for 2020 and 2021 were not met and no amounts were paid or are considered payable for the earnouts related to those years.

The CBS Acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of a business under FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the acquired assets and liabilities assumed from CBS were recorded as of the acquisition date, at their fair values, and consolidated with BioLife. The fair value estimates required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

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Total consideration transferred (in thousands):

Cash consideration |  | $ | 11,000 |
Stock consideration |  |  | 4,000 |
Contingent consideration |  |  | 856 |
Total consideration transferred |  | $ | 15,856 |

Fair Value of Net Assets Acquired

The table below represents the purchase price allocation to the net assets acquired based on their fair values (amounts in thousands).

Accounts receivable, net |  | $ | 1,044 |
Inventory |  |  | 3,232 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 29 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 3,615 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 560 |
Tradenames |  |  | 800 |
Developed technology |  |  | 5,430 |
Goodwill |  |  | 2,954 |
Accounts Payable |  |  | (1,197 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (611 | )
Fair value of net assets acquired |  | $ | 15,856 |

The fair value of CBS’s identifiable intangible assets and weighted average useful lives are as follows (amounts in thousands except years):

|  | Fair Value |  |  | Useful Life (Years) |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 560 |  |  |  | 6 |
Tradenames |  |  | 800 |  |  |  | 6 |
Developed technology |  |  | 5,430 |  |  |  | 9 |
Total identifiable intangible assets |  | $ | 6,790 |  |  |  |  |

Fair value measurement methodologies used to calculate the value of any asset can be broadly classified into one of three approaches, referred to as the cost, market and income approaches. In any fair value measurement analysis, all three approaches must be considered, and the approach or approaches deemed most relevant will then be selected for use in the fair value measurement of that asset. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets was determined primarily using variations of the income approach, which is based on the present value of the future after-tax cash flows attributable to each identifiable intangible asset. The fair value of inventories was determined using both the cost approach and the market approach and the fair value of property, plant and equipment was determined using the cost and market approach.

Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in the development of intangible asset fair values, from the perspective of a market participant, include, but are not limited to (i) the amount and timing of projected future cash flows (including revenue and expenses), (ii) the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows, (iii) the assessment of the asset’s life cycle, and (iv) the competitive trends impacting the asset. Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in valuing the contingent consideration, include, but are not limited to (i) the amount and timing of projected future revenue, (ii) the volatility rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the revenue, and (iii) risk free interest rate.

Acquired Goodwill

The goodwill of $3.0 million represents future economic benefits expected to arise from synergies from combining operations and commercial organizations to increase market presence and the extension of existing customer relationships. All of the goodwill recorded is deductible for income tax purposes.

SAVSU Acquisition

On August 8, 2019, we closed the acquisition of SAVSU pursuant to a Share Exchange Agreement. Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, SAVSU Origin, LLC agreed to transfer to us and we agreed to acquire from the seller 8,616 shares of common stock of SAVSU, representing the remaining 56% of the outstanding shares of SAVSU that we did not previously own, in exchange for 1,100,000 shares of BioLife common stock. As a result of the acquisition, SAVSU became a wholly-owned subsidiary on August 8, 2019, the acquisition date.

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Consideration transferred

The SAVSU acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of a business under FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition of 56% of SAVSU was funded through a transfer of 1,100,000 shares of BioLife common stock, which had a fair value of $18.12 per share or $19.9 million at time of closing. The total value of 100% of SAVSU consisting of the fair value of the stock issued and the fair value of our existing investment in SAVSU was $35.8 million at time of closing. Prior to the acquisition, we accounted for our investment of SAVSU using the equity method of accounting which resulted in a recorded book value of $5.8 million at the acquisition date. We remeasured to fair value the equity interest in SAVSU held immediately before the business combination. The fair value of our equity interest was determined to be $15.9 million on our existing 44% ownership based on the fair value of shares transferred at the time of acquisition for the 56% we did not previously own. As a result, we recorded a non-operating gain of $10.1 million.

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from SAVSU were recorded as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values, and consolidated with those of BioLife. The fair value estimates required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

Total consideration paid for the acquisition of SAVSU is as follows (amounts in thousands):

Stock consideration for 55.6% equity interest purchased |  | $ | 19,932 |

This stock consideration plus the fair value of our existing equity investment in SAVSU of $15.9 million results in the total purchase price for accounting purposes of $35.8 million.

Fair Value of Net Assets Acquired

The table below represents the purchase price allocation to the net assets acquired based on their fair values (amounts in thousands).

Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,251 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 753 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 19 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 546 |
Operating right-of-use asset |  |  | 233 |
Assets held for lease |  |  | 2,441 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 80 |
Tradenames |  |  | 1,320 |
Developed technology |  |  | 10,750 |
Goodwill |  |  | 21,037 |
Accounts Payable and accrued expenses |  |  | (807 | )
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (1,541 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (232 | )
Fair value of net assets acquired |  | $ | 35,850 |

The fair value of SAVSU’s identifiable intangible assets and useful lives are as follows (amounts in thousands except years):

|  | Fair Value |  | Useful Life (Years) |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 80 |  |  | 6 |  |
Tradenames |  |  | 1,320 |  |  | 9 |  |
Developed technology |  |  | 10,750 |  | 7 | - | 8 |
Total identifiable intangible assets |  | $ | 12,150 |  |  |  |  |

Astero Acquisition

On April 1, 2019, BioLife completed the acquisition of all the outstanding shares of Astero. Astero’s ThawSTAR product line is comprised of a family of automated thawing devices for frozen cell and gene therapies packaged in cryovials and cryobags. The products improve the quality of administration of high-value, temperature-sensitive biologic therapies to patients by standardizing the thawing process and reducing the risks of contamination and overheating, which are inherent with the use of traditional water baths.

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In connection with the acquisition, the Company paid (i) a base payment in the amount of $12.5 million consisting of an initial cash payment of $8.0 million at the closing of the transactions, subject to adjustment for working capital, net debt and transaction expenses, and a deferred cash payment that was paid into escrow and subsequently paid to Astero of $4.5 million which was payable upon the earlier of Astero meeting certain product development milestones or one year after the date of the Closing and (ii) earnout payments in calendar years 2019, 2020 and 2021 of up to an aggregate of $3.5 million, was payable upon Astero achieving certain specified revenue targets in each year and a separate earnout payment of $5.0 million for calendar year 2021, which was payable upon Astero achieving a cumulative revenue target over the three-year period from 2019 to 2021. In the second quarter of 2020 we paid $483,000 for the earnout related to 2019 revenues. Revenue targets for 2020, 2021, and the cumulative period from 2019 to 2021 were not met and no amounts were paid or are considered payable for the earnouts related to those years.

Consideration transferred

The Astero acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of a business under FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Astero were recorded as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values, and consolidated with those of BioLife. The fair value estimates required critical estimates, including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows, revenue and expense projections, discount rates, revenue volatility, and royalty rates.

Total consideration recorded for the acquisition of Astero is as follows (amounts in thousands):

Cash consideration |  | $ | 12,521 |
Contingent consideration |  |  | 1,491 |
Working capital adjustment |  |  | (71 | )
Total consideration transferred |  | $ | 13,941 |

Fair Value of Net Assets Acquired

The table below represents the purchase price allocation to the net assets acquired based on their fair values (amounts in thousands).

Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 11 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 154 |
Inventory |  |  | 456 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 160 |
Tradenames |  |  | 470 |
Developed technology |  |  | 2,840 |
In-process research and development |  |  | 650 |
Goodwill |  |  | 9,515 |
Other assets |  |  | 99 |
Accounts Payable |  |  | (250 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (164 | )
Fair value of net assets acquired |  | $ | 13,941 |

The fair value of Astero’s identifiable intangible assets and useful lives are as follows (amounts in thousands except years):

|  | Fair Value |  | Useful Life (Years) |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 160 |  |  | 4 |  |
Tradenames |  |  | 470 |  |  | 9 |  |
Developed technology |  |  | 2,840 |  | 5 | - | 9 |
In-process research and development |  |  | 650 |  |  | N/A |  |
Total identifiable intangible assets |  | $ | 4,120 |  |  |  |  |

Fair value measurement methodologies used to calculate the value of any asset can be broadly classified into one of three approaches, referred to as the cost, market and income approaches. In any fair value measurement analysis, all three approaches must be considered, and the approach or approaches deemed most relevant will then be selected for use in the fair value measurement of that asset. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets was determined by third-party appraisal primarily using variations of the income approach, which is based on the present value of the future after-tax cash flows attributable to each identifiable intangible asset. The fair value of inventories was determined using both the cost approach and the market approach.

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Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in the development of intangible asset fair values, from the perspective of a market participant, include, but are not limited to (i) the amount and timing of projected future cash flows (including revenue and expenses), (ii) the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows, (iii) the assessment of the asset’s life cycle, and (iv) the competitive trends impacting the asset. Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in valuing the contingent consideration, include, but are not limited to (i) the amount and timing of projected future revenue, (ii) the volatility rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the revenue, and (iii) risk free interest rate.

Acquired Goodwill

The goodwill of $9.5 million represents future economic benefits expected to arise from synergies from combining operations and commercial organizations to increase market presence and the extension of existing customer relationships. All but $1.1 million of the goodwill recorded is not deductible for income tax purposes.

Revenue, net income and pro forma presentation

The Company recorded revenue from Sexton of $1.8 million and a net loss of $1.0 million from September 1, 2021, the date of acquisition, to December 31, 2021. The Company recorded revenue from Global Cooling of $39.1 million and a net loss of $19.6 million from May 3, 2021, the date of acquisition, to December 31, 2021. The Company recorded revenue from SciSafe of $1.8 million and a net loss of $416,000 from October 1, 2020, the date of acquisition, to December 31, 2020. The Company recorded revenue from CBS of $2.1 million and net income of $187,000 from November 12, 2019, the date of acquisition, to December 31, 2019. The Company recorded revenue from SAVSU of $692,000 and a net loss of $1.7 million from August 8, 2019, the date of acquisition, to December 31, 2019. The Company recorded revenue from Astero of $1.2 million and a net loss of $1.5 million from April 1, 2019, the date of acquisition, to December 31, 2019. The Company has included the operating results of the acquisitions in its Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations since their respective acquisition date.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Sexton as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2020 after giving effect to certain pro forma adjustments. These pro forma adjustments include intangible amortization, stock-based compensation expense and salary expense related to a key employee, and the income tax effect of the adjustments made:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
(In thousands) |  | (unaudited) |  |  | (unaudited) |
Total revenue |  | $ | 122,494 |  |  | $ | 50,856 |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (9,860 | ) |  | $ | (1,028 | )

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Global Cooling as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2020 after giving effect to certain pro forma adjustments. These pro forma adjustments include intangible amortization, amortization of increased inventory basis, depreciation expense, lease expense, transaction costs, interest expense, stock-based compensation expense and salary expense related to a key employee, and the income tax effect of the adjustments made:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
(In thousands) |  | (unaudited) |  |  | (unaudited) |
Total revenue |  | $ | 143,732 |  |  | $ | 87,370 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (16,375 | ) |  | $ | 501 |

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of SciSafe as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2019 after giving effect to certain pro forma adjustments. These pro forma adjustments include intangible amortization, depreciation expense, stock-based compensation expense, and the income tax effect of the adjustments made:

|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
(In thousands) |  | (unaudited) |  |  | (unaudited) |
Total revenue |  | $ | 52,613 |  |  | $ | 43,221 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 1,798 |  |  | $ | (4,528 | )

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The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of CBS as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2018 after giving effect to certain pro forma adjustments. These pro forma adjustments include amortization expense on the acquired identifiable intangible assets, adjustments to stock-based compensation expense for equity compensation issued to employees and the income tax effect of the adjustments made:

|  | 2019 |
(In thousands) |  | (unaudited) |
Total revenue |  | $ | 37,001 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (493 | )

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of SAVSU as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2018 after giving effect to certain pro forma adjustments. These pro forma adjustments include amortization expense on the acquired identifiable intangible assets, adjustments to stock-based compensation expense for equity compensation issued to employees and the income tax effect of the adjustments made:

|  | 2019 |
(In thousands) |  | (unaudited) |
Total revenue |  | $ | 28,824 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (1,518 | )

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Astero as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2018 after giving effect to certain pro forma adjustments. These pro forma adjustments include amortization expense on the acquired identifiable intangible assets, adjustments to stock-based compensation expense for equity compensation issued to employees and the income tax effect of the adjustments made:

|  | 2019 |
(In thousands) |  | (unaudited) |
Total revenue |  | $ | 28,745 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (183 | )

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13. | Consolidated balance sheet detail

Property and equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Property and equipment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leasehold improvements |  | $ | 3,840 |  |  | $ | 2,393 |
Furniture and computer equipment |  |  | 1,861 |  |  |  | 902 |
Manufacturing and other equipment |  |  | 16,675 |  |  |  | 10,076 |
Construction in-progress |  |  | 2,022 |  |  |  | 591 |
Subtotal |  |  | 24,398 |  |  |  | 13,962 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (6,741 | ) |  |  | (3,842 | )
Net property and equipment |  | $ | 17,657 |  |  | $ | 10,120 |

Depreciation expense for property and equipment was $2.9 million, $1.4 million, and $544,000 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Accrued expenses |  | $ | 1,656 |  |  | $ | 472 |
Accrued taxes |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 112 |
Accrued compensation |  |  | 4,351 |  |  |  | 2,898 |
Deferred revenue, current |  |  | 814 |  |  |  | 931 |
Other |  |  | 294 |  |  |  | 130 |
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | $ | 7,142 |  |  | $ | 4,543 |

Warranty reserve liability

We reserve estimated exposures on known claims, as well as on a portion of anticipated claims, for product warranty and rework cost, based on historical product liability claims. Claim costs are deducted from the accrual when paid. Factors that could have an impact on the warranty accrual in any given period include the following: changes in manufacturing quality, changes in product costs, changes in product mix and any significant changes in sales volume.

A rollforward of our warranty liability is as follows:

(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 212 |  |  | $ | 191 |
Warranty reserve acquired in the acquisition of Global Cooling |  |  | 3,353 |  |  |  | - |
Provision for warranties |  |  | 9,845 |  |  |  | 137 |
Settlements of warranty claims |  |  | (4,012 | ) |  |  | (116 | )
Ending Balance |  | $ | 9,398 |  |  | $ | 212 |

14. | Employee benefit plan

The Company sponsors 401(k) defined contribution plans for its employees. These plans provide for pre-tax and post-tax contributions for all employees. Employee contributions are voluntary. Employees may contribute up to 100% of their annual compensation to these plans, as limited by an annual maximum amount as determined by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company matches employee contributions in amounts to be determined at the Company’s sole discretion. The Company made contributions of $822,000, $347,000, and $158,000 to the plans for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

15. | Subsequent events

The Company has evaluated events subsequent to December 31, 2021 through the date of this filing to assess the need for potential recognition or disclosure. Based upon this evaluation, it was determined that no subsequent events occurred that require recognition or disclosure in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

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ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) | Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K were not effective, due to the material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting described below.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within BioLife Solutions have been detected.

(b) | Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act). Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013 framework).

In accordance with guidance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, companies are permitted to exclude acquisitions from their final assessment of internal control over financial reporting for the first fiscal year in which the acquisition occurred. Our management’s evaluation of internal control over financial reporting excluded the internal control activities of Global Cooling, Inc. (“Global Cooling” acquired on May 3, 2021) and Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. (“Sexton” acquired on September 1, 2021) as discussed in Note 12, “Acquisitions,” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We have included the financial results of these acquired businesses in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. These acquired businesses constituted approximately 19% of our total consolidated assets (excluding goodwill and intangible assets related to the transactions, which were integrated into our systems and control environment) and 35% of the total consolidated revenue included in our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Based on our assessment under the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013 framework), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2021 due to the existence of material weaknesses described below.

A material weakness in internal control is a deficiency in internal control, or combination of control deficiencies, that adversely affects the Company’s ability to initiate, authorize, record, process, or report external financial data reliably in accordance with GAAP such that there is more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected.

Control Environment, Risk Assessment, and Monitoring Activities

Management did not maintain appropriately designed entity-level controls impacting the control environment, risk assessment procedures, and monitoring activities to prevent or detect material misstatements to the consolidated financial statements in a timely manner. These material weaknesses were attributed to:

● | Insufficient number of qualified resources and inadequate oversight and accountability over the performance of controls;

● | Ineffective identification and assessment of risks impacting internal control over financial reporting; and,

● | Ineffective monitoring controls, as the Company did not effectively evaluate whether the components of internal control were present and functioning.

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Control Activities and Information and Communication

Additionally, management did not adequately design and implement effective control activities, including general controls over information technology, and effective policies and procedures, resulting in additional material weaknesses within certain business processes. As a result, the following additional material weaknesses were identified:

● | Management did not maintain effective controls over information system logical access within certain key financial systems, including inadequate segregation of duties impacting the revenue and inventory processes at certain of the Company’s subsidiaries;

● | Management did not establish effective accounting policies and procedures and related controls over complex financial statement areas, including revenue recognition, lease modifications, modifications to share-based payments, income taxes, and financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity;

● | Management did not maintain effectively designed and implemented accounting policies, procedures, and related controls over assets held for lease;

● | Management did not maintain effectively designed and implemented accounting policies, procedures, and related controls over the preparation and review of projected financial information used in determining the valuation of acquired intangible assets and contingent consideration in business combinations as well as the quantitative impairment analysis of indefinite-lived intangible assets;

● | Management did not maintain effectively designed and implemented policies, procedures, and related controls over the presentation and disclosure of amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting requirements, including controls over the completeness and accuracy of underlying data to support the amounts presented.

After giving full consideration to these material weaknesses, and the additional analyses and other procedures that we performed to ensure that our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, our management, including our CEO and CFO, has concluded that our consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods disclosed in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

These control deficiencies create a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement to the consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, and therefore, we concluded that the deficiencies represent material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, and our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2021.

Management has been actively engaged in developing and implementing remediation plans to address these material weaknesses as described below in section (c).

The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, BDO USA, LLP, who audited our internal controls over financial reporting, has issued an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, as stated in its report.

(c) | Remediation

With respect to the material weaknesses described above, management has continued to test and evaluate the elements of the remediation plan implemented to date.

Management of the Company and the Board of Directors are committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment and to making further progress in remediating the material weaknesses described in section (b). The following steps either have been planned for implementation or have been implemented in the Company’s ongoing efforts to remediate the material weaknesses identified:

| ● | The Company reassigned all system administrator rights to personnel who do not perform key accounting duties;

| ● | The Company plans to hire and retain additional individuals with the appropriate skills related to technical accounting and internal control over financial reporting;

| ● | The Company will enhance its reconciliations and management review controls with the added stability of new hires and the implementation of technology solutions to automate visibility and enforcement of the independent review and documentation of journal entries, including proper segregation of duties, thus mitigating risks of both unintentional errors and fraud; and

| ● | The Company plans to develop processes and procedures to enhance the precision of management review of financial statement information.

As we continue to evaluate and test the remediation plan outlined above, we may also identify additional measures to address the material weaknesses or modify certain of the remediation procedures described above. We also may implement additional changes to our internal control over financial reporting as may be appropriate in the course of remediating the material weaknesses. Management, with the oversight of the Audit Committee, will continue to take steps necessary to remedy the material weaknesses to reinforce the overall design and capability of our control environment.

(d) | Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Other than the controls implemented to remediate the material weaknesses described above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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(e) | Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Shareholders and Board of Directors

BioLife Solutions, Inc.

Bothell, Washington

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited BioLife Solutions, Inc.’s (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). In our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on the COSO criteria.

We do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on management’s statements referring to any corrective actions taken by the Company after the date of management’s assessment.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (income), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and our report dated March 31, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

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As indicated in the accompanying “Item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting”, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Global Cooling, Inc. and Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc., which were acquired on May 3, 2021 and September 1, 2021, respectively, and which are included in the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (income), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended. Global Cooling, Inc. constituted 16% of total assets as of December 31, 2021, and 33% of total revenues for the year then ended. Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. constituted 3% of total assets as of December 31, 2021, and 2% of total revenues for the year then ended. Management did not assess the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Global Cooling, Inc. and Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. because of the timing of the acquisitions. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Global Cooling, Inc. and Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Material weaknesses have been identified and described in management’s assessment. These material weaknesses related to management’s failure to design and maintain effective controls over financial reporting, specifically related to the following: (1) entity-level controls impacting the control environment, risk assessment procedures, and monitoring controls to prevent or detect material misstatements to the consolidated financial statements; (2) information system logical access within certain key financial systems, including inadequate segregation of duties impacting the revenue and inventory processes at certain of the Company’s subsidiaries; (3) accounting policies and related controls over complex financial statement areas, including revenue recognition, lease modifications, modifications to share-based payments, income taxes, and financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity; (4) accounting policies, procedures, and related controls over assets held for lease; (5) controls over the preparation and review of projected financial information used in determining the valuation of acquired intangible assets and contingent consideration in business combinations as well as the quantitative impairment analysis of indefinite-lived intangible assets; and (6) policies, procedures and related controls over the presentation and disclosure of amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting requirements, including controls over the completeness and accuracy of underlying data to support the amounts presented.

These material weaknesses were considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2021 financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated March 31, 2022 on those financial statements.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Seattle, Washington

March 31, 2022

ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 9C. | DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTION THAT PREVENTS INSPECTIONS

None.

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PART III

Pursuant to General Instructions G to Form 10-K, the information required for Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, is incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s proxy statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

PART IV

ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) | The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

| (1) | Financial Statements (Included Under Item 8): The Index to the Financial Statements is included on page 28 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

| (2) | Financial Statement Schedules: Schedules to the Financial Statements have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the accompanying Financial Statements or notes thereto.

(b) | Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Document
2.1†* |  | Stock Purchase Agreement, dated March 13, 2019, by and among the Company, Astero Bio Corporation, the stockholders of Astero Bio Corporation and the representative of the sellers (included as Exhibit 2.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed on April 5, 2019)
2.2† |  | Share Exchange Agreement, dated August 7, 2019, by and among the Company, SAVSU Technologies, Inc. and SAVSU Origin LLC (included as Exhibit 2.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed on August 13, 2019)
2.3†* |  | Asset Purchase Agreement, dated November 10, 2019, by and among the Company, Arctic Solutions, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and Custom Biogenic Systems, Inc. (included as Exhibit 2.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed on November 15, 2019)
2.4†* |  | Stock Purchase Agreement, dated September 18, 2020, by and among the Company, SciSafe, the stockholders of SciSafe party thereto and Garrie Richardson (included as Exhibit 2.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed on September 24, 2020)
2.5†* |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 19, 2021, by and among the Company, BLFS Merger Subsidiary, Inc., Global Cooling, Inc. and Albert Vierling and William Baumel, in their capacity as the representatives of the stockholders of Global Cooling, Inc. (included as Exhibit 2.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed on March 25, 2021)
2.6†* |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 9, 2021, by and among the Company, BLFS Merger Sub, Inc., Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. and Fortis Advisors LLC, in their capacity as the representatives of the stockholders of Sexton Biotechnologies, Inc. (filed herewith)
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of BioLife Solutions, Inc. (included as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on June 24, 2013)
3.2 |  | Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of BioLife Solutions, Inc. (included as Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2014)
3.3 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of BioLife Solutions, Inc., effective April 25, 2013 (included as Exhibit A to the Registrant’s Definitive Information Statement on Schedule 14C filed March 27, 2013)
3.4 |  | Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series A Preferred Stock (included as Exhibit 3.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed on July 6, 2017)
4.1 |  | Description of the Company’s Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act (incorporated by reference to the Company’s registration statement on Form 8-A, as filed on March 19, 2014)
10.1** |  | Second Amended and Restated 2013 Performance Incentive Plan (included as Appendix A to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on April 14, 2017)
10.2** |  | Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated 2013 Performance Incentive Plan (included as Exhibit 10.2 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 filed March 31, 2021)
10.3** |  | BioLife Solutions, Inc. Form of Non-Plan Stock Option Agreement (included as Exhibit 4.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on June 24, 2013)
10.4** |  | Form of Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement pursuant to the Second Amended & Restated 2013 Performance Incentive Plan (included as Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 filed on May 16, 2016)
10.5** |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement pursuant to the Second Amended & Restated 2013 Performance Incentive Plan (included as Exhibit 10.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 filed on May 16, 2016)
10.6 |  | Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to WAVI Holding AG (included as Exhibit 10.7 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 filed on May 16, 2016)

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10.7 |  | Share Purchase Agreement, dated May 14, 2020, between the Company and Casdin Partners Master Fund, L.P. (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 27, 2020)
10.8 |  | Underwriting Agreement, dated July 2, 2020, between Biolife Solutions, Inc. and Cowen and Company, LLC, Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and Stephens Inc. (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 8, 2020)
10.9 |  | Lease Agreement dated August 1, 2007 for facility space 3303 Monte Villa Parkway, Bothell, WA 98021 (included as Exhibit 10.27 and Exhibit 10.29 to the Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 filed April 1, 2008)
10.10 |  | First Amendment to the Lease, dated November 4, 2008, between the Company and Monte Villa Farms, LLC (included as Exhibit 10.16 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 filed March 31, 2009)
10.11 |  | Second Amendment to the Lease, dated March 2, 2012, between the Company and Monte Villa Farms, LLC (included as Exhibit 10.30 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012 filed May 14, 2012)
10.12 |  | Third Amendment to the Lease, dated June 15, 2012, between the Company and Monte Villa Farms, LLC (included as Exhibit 10.37 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 filed March 29, 2013)
10.13 |  | Fourth Amendment to the Lease, dated November 26, 2012, between the Company and Monte Villa Farms, LLC (included as Exhibit 10.41 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 filed March 29, 2013)
10.14 |  | Fifth Amendment to Lease, dated August 19, 2014, by and between the Company and Monte Villa Farms LLC (included as Exhibit 10.1 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2014 filed on November 6, 2014)
10.15 |  | Sixth Amendment to the Lease, dated March 3, 2017, by and between the Company and Monte Villa Farms LLC (filed herewith)
10.16 |  | Seventh Amendment to the Lease, dated December 4, 2018, by and between the Company and Monte Villa Farms LLC (filed herewith)
10.17 |  | Eighth Amendment to the Lease, dated November 1, 2019, by and between the Company and Monte Villa Farms LLC (filed herewith)
10.18 |  | Ninth Amendment to the Lease, dated November 12, 2020, by and between the Company and Monte Villa Farms LLC (filed herewith)
10.19 |  | Tenth Amendment to the Lease, dated October 8, 2021, by and between the Company and ARE-SEATTLE No. 38, LLC (filed herewith)
10.20 |  | Eleventh Amendment to the Lease, dated February 22, 2022, by and between the Company and ARE-SEATTLE No. 38, LLC (filed herewith)
10.21 |  | Lease Agreement dated January 29, 2021 for facility space 301 Treble Cove Road, Billerica, MA 01862 (filed herewith)
10.22 |  | Commercial Lease and Deposit Receipt Agreement dated November 2, 2020 for facility space 3505 and 3507 Edison Way, Menlo Park, CA 94025 (filed herewith)
10.23 |  | Extension and Amendment of Lease dated February 24, 2022 for facility space 3505 and 3507 Edison Way, Menlo Park, CA 94025 (filed herewith)
10.24 |  | Lease Agreement dated April 1, 2011 for facility space 6000 Poston Road, The Plains, OH 45710 (filed herewith)
10.25 |  | Lease Extension Agreement dated May 30, 2018 for facility space 6000 Poston Road, The Plains, OH 45710 (filed herewith)
10.26 |  | Lease Agreement dated October 1, 2019 for facility space 1102 Indiana Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46202 (filed herewith)
10.27 |  | First Amendment to the Lease, dated August 31, 2021 for facility space 1102 Indiana Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46202 (filed herewith)
10.28 |  | Form of Warrant issued to purchasers in the March 25, 2014 public offering (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s report on Form 8-K filed March 20, 2014)
10.29** |  | Amended Employment Agreement dated December 1, 2020 between the Company and Michael Rice (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s report on Form 10-K filed March 31, 2021)
10.30** |  | Amended Employment Agreement dated December 1, 2020 between the Company and Aby Mathew (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s report on Form 10-K filed March 31, 2021)
10.31** |  | Amended Employment Agreement dated December 1, 2020 between the Company and Todd Berard (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s report on Form 10-K filed March 31, 2021)
10.32** |  | Amended Employment Agreement effective December 1, 2020 between the Company and Karen Foster (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s report on Form 10-K filed March 31, 2021)
10.33** |  | Amended Employment Agreement dated November 4, 2021 between the Company and Roderick de Greef (filed herewith)
10.34** |  | Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2021 between the Company and Sarah Aebersold (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s report on Form 10-K filed March 31, 2021)
10.35** |  | Amended Employment Agreement dated December 31, 2020 between the Company and Marcus Schulz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s report on Form 10-K filed March 31, 2021)
10.36** |  | Employment Agreement dated November 4, 2021 between the Company and Troy Wichterman (filed herewith)
10.37 |  | Board of Directors Services Agreement entered into May 4, 2015 by and between the Company and Other Non-Employee Directors (included as Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2015)
21.1 |  | List of the Company’s Subsidiaries
23.1 |  | Consent of BDO USA, LLP (filed herewith)
|  | Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
31.2 |  | Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
32.1 |  | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
32.2 |  | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document (filed herewith)
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema (filed herewith)
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase (filed herewith)
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase (filed herewith)
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase (filed herewith)
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase (filed herewith)
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

| * | Certain sensitive financial, commercial and strategic information relating to the Company has been redacted in the marked portions of the exhibit.
| ** | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
| † | The exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(2). The Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon its request.

(c) | Excluded financial statements:

None.

ITEM 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY

The Company has elected not to include a summary pursuant to this Item 16.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: | March 31, 2022 | BIOLIFE SOLUTIONS, INC.
|  | /s/ MICHAEL RICE
|  | Michael Rice
|  | Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chairman of the Board of Directors

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Date: | March 31, 2022 | /s/ MICHAEL RICE
|  | Michael Rice
|  | Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Date: | March 31, 2022 | /s/ TROY WICHTERMAN
|  | Troy Wichterman
|  | Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)
Date: | March 31, 2022 | /s/ JOSEPH SCHICK
|  | Joseph Schick
|  | Director
Date: | March 31, 2022 | /s/ AMY DUROSS
|  | Amy DuRoss
|  | Director
Date: | March 31, 2022 | /s/ RACHEL ELLINGSON
|  | Rachel Ellingson
|  | Director
Date: | March 31, 2022 | /s/ JOYDEEP GOSWAMI
|  | Joydeep Goswami
|  | Director

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