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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Income Loss Before Income Taxes | Loss before income taxes consisted of the followi ng:
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
|  | As Restated |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States$ |  | $ | (6,481,431 | ) |  | $ | (1,742,747 | ) |  | $ | (3,290,679 | )
International |  |  | (11,774,438 | ) |  |  | (7,883,195 | ) |  |  | (4,394,840 | )
Total |  | $ | (18,255,869 | ) |  | $ | (9,625,942 | ) |  | $ | (7,685,519 | )
Summary Of Deferred Tax Assets And Liabilities | The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following:
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards (i) |  | $ | 12,555,225 |  |  | $ | 7,615,613 |  |  | $ | 4,477,240 |
Federal R&D Credit (ii) |  |  | 351,985 |  |  |  | 340,162 |  |  |  | 331,741 |
Accrued benefits |  |  | 63,153 |  |  |  | 9,892 |  |  |  | 14,715 |
Uncertain Tax Position — R&D Reserve |  |  | (70,397 | ) |  |  | (68,032 | ) |  |  | (66,349 | )
Total deferred tax assets |  | $ | 12,899,966 |  |  | $ | 7,897,635 |  |  | $ | 4,757,347 |
Less valuation allowance |  |  | (12,899,966 | ) |  |  | (7,897,635 | ) |  |  | (4,757,347 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
(i) | Net operating losses carryforwards do not expire.
(ii) | These credits expire after 20 years after their initial recognition if the entity is not able to utilize them.
Summary Of Income Tax | Income taxes consisted of the following:
|  | United States (21%) |  |  | State and local (5%) |  |  | Brazil (34%) |  |  | Total |  |  | Valuation allowance |  |  | Total |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Deferred |  | $ | (871,006 | ) |  | $ | (204,567 | ) |  | $ | (3,929,123 | ) |  | $ | (5,004,696 | ) |  | $ | 5,004,696 |  |  |  | — |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Deferred |  | $ | (374,301 | ) |  | $ | (87,114 | ) |  | $ | (2,680,556 | ) |  | $ | (3,141,971 | ) |  | $ | 3,141,971 |  |  |  | — |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Deferred |  | $ | (734,239 | ) |  | $ | (164,534 | ) |  | $ | (1,483,969 | ) |  | $ | (2,382,742 | ) |  | $ | 2,382,742 |  |  |  | — |
Summary Of Income Tax Rate Reconciliation | A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal tax rate and our effective tax rate is as follows:
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
|  | As Restated |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate |  |  | 21 | % |  |  | 21 | % |  |  | 21 | %
State and local taxes |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 5 | %
Reserves |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 1 | %
Permanent differences |  |  | -8 | % |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | %
Valuation allowance |  |  | -16 | % |  |  | -26 | % |  |  | -27 | %
Effective tax rate |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | %

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32639-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32687-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1)) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690 + Details
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