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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Description of Business | Description of Business Marcus & Millichap, Inc., (the “Company”, “Marcus & Millichap”, or “MMI”), a Delaware corporation, is a brokerage firm specializing in commercial real estate investment sales, financing, research and advisory services. As of December 31, 2019, MMI operates 82 offices in the United States and Canada through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including the operations of Marcus & Millichap Capital Corporation.
Reorganization and Initial Public Offering | Reorganization and Initial Public Offering MMI was formed in June 2013 in preparation for Marcus & Millichap Company (“MMC”) to spin-off its majority owned subsidiary, Marcus & Millichap Real Estate Investment Services, Inc. (“MMREIS”). Prior to the initial public offering (“IPO”) of MMI, all of the preferred and common stockholders of MMREIS (including MMC and employees of MMREIS) contributed all of their outstanding shares to MMI, in exchange for new MMI common stock. As a result, MMREIS became a wholly-owned subsidiary of MMI. Thereafter, MMC distributed 80.0% of the shares of MMI common stock to MMC’s shareholders and exchanged the remaining portion of its shares of MMI common stock for cancellation of indebtedness of MMC. MMI completed its IPO on October 30, 2013.
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Reclassifications | Reclassifications Certain prior-period amounts in Note 13 – “Income Taxes” have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These changes had no impact on the previously reported consolidated results of operations or any totals or subtotals therein.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers cash and cash equivalents to include short-term, highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, portions of the balance of cash and cash equivalents were held in financial institutions, various money market funds with fixed and floating net asset values and short-term commercial paper. Money market funds have floating net asset values and may be subject to gating or liquidity fees. Management believes the likelihood of realizing material losses from cash and cash equivalents, including the excess of cash balances over federally insured limits, is remote.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition The Company generates real estate brokerage commissions by acting as a broker for real estate owners or investors seeking to buy or sell commercial properties. The Company generates financing fees from securing financing on purchase transactions, from refinancing its clients’ existing mortgage debt and other financing activities, including mortgage servicing. Other revenues include fees generated from consulting and advisory services, as well as referral fees from other real estate brokers. The Company’s contracts contain one performance obligation related to its real estate brokerage, financing and consulting and advisory services offered to buyers and sellers of commercial real estate, and provide that it is operating as a principal in all its revenue generating activities. The Company does not have multiple-element arrangements, variable consideration, financing components, significant noncash consideration, licenses, long-term contracts with customers or other items affecting the transaction price. Accordingly, the Company determined that the transaction price is fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes revenue in principally all cases at the close of escrow for real estate brokerage, at the close of loan for financing, when services are provided, or upon closing of the transaction for other revenues.
Mortgage Servicing Rights and Fees | Mortgage Servicing Rights and Fees Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) are recorded at fair value upon acquisition of a servicing contract. The Company has elected the amortization method for the subsequent measurement of MSRs. MSRs are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. All MSRs are amortized using the interest method over the period that servicing income is expected to be received. MSRs are included in other assets non-current in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. See Note 7 – “Selected Balance Sheet Data” for additional information. Amortization related to the MSRs is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of net and comprehensive income. The Company measures MSRs at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. MSRs are a Level 3 measurement. The Company’s MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. The estimated fair value of the Company’s MSRs were developed using a discounted cash flow model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model considers contractual provisions and assumptions of market participants including specified servicing fees, prepayment assumptions, delinquency rates, late charges, other ancillary revenue, costs to service and other economic factors. The Company periodically reassesses and adjusts, when necessary, the underlying inputs and assumptions used in the model to reflect observable market conditions and assumptions that a market participant would consider in valuing an MSR asset. In connection with MSR activities, the Company holds funds in escrow for the benefit of the lenders. These funds and the offsetting obligations are not presented in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as they do not represent assets and liabilities of the Company. The Company recognizes mortgage servicing revenues upon the acquisition of a servicing contract. The Company records servicing fees when earned provided the loans are current and the debt service payments are made by the borrowers. MSRs and related servicing fees are recorded in financing fees in the accompanying consolidated statements of net and comprehensive income.
Capitalization of Internal Software | Capitalization of Internal Software Certain costs related to the development or purchase of internal-use software are capitalized. Internal costs that are incurred in the preliminary project stage are expensed as incurred. Direct consulting costs and certain payroll and related costs that are incurred during the development stage of a project are capitalized and depreciated using the straight-line method over a useful life of five years. Capitalized costs are recorded in property and equipment, net, and depreciation is recorded in depreciation and amortization in the consolidated financial statements. Depreciation begins for software that has been placed into production and is ready for its intended use. Post-implementation costs such as training, maintenance and support are expensed as incurred. The Company evaluates the carrying value of capitalized software for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable.
Commissions Receivable | Commissions Receivable Commissions receivable consists of commissions earned on brokerage and financing transactions for which payment has not yet been received. The Company evaluates the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the specific-identification of potentially uncollectible accounts. The majority of commissions receivable are settled within 10 days after the close of escrow. As a result, the Company did not require an allowance for commissions receivable at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Cost of Services | Cost of Services Cost of services principally consists of variable commissions, compensation-related costs related to the Company’s financing activities, and other costs for the Company’s investment sales and financing professionals related to transactions closed in the period. Commissions are accrued based on revenue from transactions generated by the Company’s investment sales and financing professionals. Investment sales and financing professionals are compensated at commission rates based on individual agreements, and a portion of the commissions due upon the closing of a transaction may be deferred in accordance with their contracts.
Investments in Marketable Securities, Available-for-Sale | Investments in Marketable Securities, Available-for-Sale The Company maintains a portfolio of investments in a variety of fixed and variable rate debt securities, including U.S. treasuries, U.S. government sponsored entities, corporate debt, asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and other. The Company considers its investment in marketable securities to be available-for-sale. Accordingly, these investments are recorded at their fair values, with unrealized gains or losses recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. The Company determines the appropriate classification of investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase. Interest along with accretion and amortization of purchase premiums and discounts from the purchase date through the estimated maturity date, including consideration of variable maturities and contractual call provisions, are included in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of net and comprehensive income. See Note 5 – “Investments in Marketable Securities” for additional information. The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolio to determine if any security is other-than-temporarily impaired, which would require the Company to record an impairment charge in the period that any such determination is made. Calculating an impairment charge requires a high degree of judgment. In making this judgment, the Company evaluates, among other items, the time frame and extent to which the fair market value of a security is less than its amortized cost, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, changes in market interest rates and the Company’s intent and ability to sell, or whether the Company will more likely than not be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. The Company typically invests in highly-rated securities, and its investment policy generally limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The policy generally requires investments to be investment grade, with the primary objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss and matching long-term liabilities.
Assets Held in Rabbi Trust | Assets Held in Rabbi Trust The Company maintains a non-qualified deferred compensation program for certain employees. Deferred amounts are invested in variable whole life insurance policies owned by the Company supporting the deferred obligation and are held in a rabbi trust. Participants elect to invest in various hypothetical equity and debt securities offered within the plan on a notional basis. The net change in the carrying value of the underlying assets held in the rabbi trust is recorded in other income (expense), net. The change in the deferred compensation liability as a result the change in the notional value of the participants accounts is recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of net and comprehensive income.
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements U.S. GAAP defines the fair value of a financial instrument as the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company is responsible for the determination of fair value and the supporting methodologies and assumptions. The Company uses various pricing sources and third parties to provide and validate the values utilized. The degree of judgment used in measuring the fair value of financial instruments is generally inversely correlated with the level of observable valuation inputs. Financial instruments with quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and less judgment is used in measuring fair value. Financial instruments for which no quoted prices are available have less observability, and are measured at fair value using valuation models or other pricing techniques that require more judgment. Assets recorded at fair value are measured and classified in accordance with a fair value hierarchy consisting of the three “levels” based on the observability of inputs available in the marketplace used to measure the fair values as discussed below:
| • | Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
| • | Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; or
| • | Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. Management estimates include certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements The Company values its investments including commercial paper and floating NAV money market funds recorded in cash and cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities, available-for-sale, assets held in the rabbi trust, acquired MSR contracts, deferred compensation liability and contingent consideration at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair values for investments included in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, available-for-sale were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio and all these securities are Level 1 or 2 measurements as appropriate. Fair values for assets held in the rabbi trust and related deferred compensation liability were determined based on the cash surrender value of the company owned variable life insurance policies and underlying investments in the trust, and are Level 2 and Level 1 measurements, respectively. Contingent consideration in connection with acquisitions, is carried at fair value and determined on a contract-by-contract basis, calculated using a probability weighted discounted cash flow model based on the probability of achieving EBITDA and other performance and service requirements (refer to Note 10 – “Fair Value Measurements”), and is a Level 3 measurement. The Company has experienced little volatility in the unobservable inputs used during the periods presented. Additionally, the Company does not expect to see much volatility in the unobservable inputs for the foreseeable future. Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements In accordance with U.S. GAAP, from time to time, the Company measures certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The Company reviews the carrying value of MSRs, intangibles, goodwill and other assets for indications of impairment quarterly. When indications of potential impairment are identified, the Company may be required to determine the fair value of those assets and record an adjustment for the carrying amount in excess of the fair value determined. Any fair value determination would be based on valuation approaches, which are appropriate under the circumstances and utilize Level 2 and Level 3 measurements as required. Assets and Liabilities not Measured at Fair Value The Company’s commissions receivable, amounts due from employees and investment sales and financing professionals (included in the other assets, net current and other assets non-current captions), accounts payable and other liabilities and commissions payable (included in deferred compensation and commissions current and deferred compensation and commissions non - current captions) are carried at cost, which approximates fair value based on their immediate or short-term maturities and terms which approximate current market rates. The Company’s obligations under notes payable to former stockholders bear interest at fixed rates. The Company has determined that the carrying value on these instruments approximates fair value. As the Company’s obligations under stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) liability (included in the deferred compensation and commissions current and deferred compensation and commissions non-current captions) bear interest at a variable rate based on U.S. Treasuries, and the Company has determined that the carrying value approximates their fair value.
Property and Equipment, Net | Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The Company uses the straight-line method for depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are generally provided over estimated useful lives ranging from three to seven years. The Company evaluates its fixed assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
Other Assets | Other Assets Other assets consist primarily of amounts due from the Company’s investment sales and financing professionals, MSRs, security deposits made in connection with operating leases, customer trust accounts, employee notes receivable and other assets and receivables. The Company, from time to time, advances funds to its investment sales and financing professionals. Certain amounts may bear a nominal interest rate, with any cash receipts on notes applied first to any unpaid principal balance prior to any income being recognized. The Company generally has the ability to collect a portion of these amounts from future commissions due to the investment sales and financing professional. The Company may forgive a portion of the amount over time depending on the nature of the advance, which will generally be ratably over a contracted service period, or in reaching contractual performance criteria. Amounts forgiven are charged to selling, general and administrative expense at the time the amounts are forgiven. The Company evaluates the need for an allowance for these amounts based on the specific identification of potentially uncollectible amounts and provides an allowance based on consideration of historical experience. Amounts are generally written off upon separation from the Company of the investment sales and financing professional as a service provider, or when amounts are determined to be no longer collectable. In connection with a brokerage transaction, the Company may need to, or be required to, hold cash in escrow for a transaction participant. These amounts are deposited into separate customer trust accounts controlled by the Company. The amounts are included in current other assets, net, with a corresponding liability included in accounts payable and other liabilities, both in the consolidated balance sheets.
Leases | Leases The Company utilizes operating leases for all its facilities and autos. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”) represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s contractual obligation to make lease payments under the lease. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets, non-current, and operating lease liabilities current and non-current captions in the consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized on the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease agreements may contain periods of free rent or reduced rent, predetermined fixed increases in the minimum rent and renewal or termination options, all of which add complexity and impact the determination of the lease term and lease payments to be used in calculating the lease liability. Certain facility leases provide for rental escalations related to increases in the lessors’ direct operating expenses. The Company uses the implicit rate in the lease when determinable. As most of the Company’s leases do not have a determinable implicit rate, determining the rate to be used in its calculations is judgmental. The Company uses a derived incremental borrowing rate based on borrowing options under its credit agreement and applies a spread over treasury rates for the indicated term of the lease based on the information available on the commencement date of the lease. The Company typically leases general purpose built-out office space, which reverts to the lessor upon termination of the lease. Any payments for completed improvements, determined to be owed by the lessor, net of incentives received, are recorded as an increase to the ROU asset and considered in the determination of the lease cost. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are accounted for as a single lease component. Lease cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments consist of common area costs, insurance, taxes, utilities, parking and other lease related costs, which are determined principally based on billings from landlords.
Litigation | Litigation The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, some of which involve claims for damages that are substantial in amount. Most of these litigation matters are covered by insurance, which contain deductibles, exclusions, claim limits and aggregate policy limits. While the ultimate liability for these legal proceedings cannot be determined, the Company uses judgment in the evaluation of claims and the need for accrual for loss contingencies quarterly. The Company records an accrual for litigation related losses where the likelihood of loss is both probable and estimable. The Company accrues legal fees for litigation as the legal services are provided.
Advertising Costs | Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs are included in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of net and comprehensive income. Advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $889,000, $1.1 million and $824,000, respectively.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to (i) differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, and (ii) operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures existing deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the Company expects to have temporary differences realized or settled. The Company recognizes in the provision for income taxes, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company periodically evaluates deferred tax assets to assess whether it is likely that the deferred tax assets will be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is required, the Company considers the timing of deferred tax reversals, current year taxable income and historical performance. Valuation allowances are provided against deferred tax assets when it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Because of the nature of the Company’s business, which includes activity in the U.S. and Canada, incorporating numerous states and provinces as well as local jurisdictions, the Company’s tax position can be complex. As such, the Company’s effective tax rate is subject to changes as a result of fluctuations in the mix of its activity in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates including changes in tax rates, state apportionment, tax related interest and penalties, valuation allowances and other permanent items. Calculating some of the amounts involves a high degree of judgment. The Company evaluates its tax positions quarterly. The threshold for recognizing the benefits of tax return positions in the financial statements is “more likely than not” to be sustained by the taxing authority and requires measurement of a tax position meeting the more-likely-than-not criterion, based on the largest benefit that is more than 50% likely to be realized. The Company assesses its inventory of tax positions with respect to all applicable income tax issues for all open tax years (in each respective jurisdiction) and determines whether uncertain tax positions are required to be recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company recognizes interest and penalties incurred as income tax expense.
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation The Company follows the accounting guidance for share-based payments, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees, independent contractors and non-employee directors. Awards are issued under the Amended and Restated 2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”) and 2013 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). For awards made to the Company’s employees and directors, the Company initially values restricted stock units and restricted stock awards based on the grant date closing price of the Company’s common stock. For awards with periodic vesting, the Company recognizes the related expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award, subject to periodic adjustments to ensure that the cumulative amount of expense recognized through the end of any reporting period is at least equal to the portion of the grant date value of the award that has vested through that date. The Company accounts for forfeitures prospectively as they occur. The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-7, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting awards (“ASU 2018-7”) on July 1, 2018. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2018-7, the Company determined that the fair value of the awards made to independent contractors would be measured based on the fair value of the equity instrument as it is more reliably measurable than the fair value of the consideration received. The Company used the grant date as the performance commencement date, and the measurement date was the date the services were completed, which was the vesting date. As a result, the Company recorded stock-based compensation for these awards over the vesting period on a straight-line basis with periodic adjustments during the vesting period for changes in the fair value of the awards. Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2018-7, awards made to independent contractors on or subsequent to July 1, 2018 are measured based on the grant date closing price of the Company’s common stock consistent with awards made to the Company’s employees and directors. Unvested awards issued to independent contractors as of the adoption date of July 1, 2018 were remeasured at the adoption date stock price. The Company will recognize the remaining unrecognized value of unvested awards over the remaining performance period based on the adoption date stock price, with no further remeasurement through the performance completion date. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested share-based awards, the Company may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unrecognized or previously recorded stock-based compensation expense. For shares issued under the ESPP, the Company determined that the plan was a compensatory plan and is required to expense the fair value of the awards over each six-month offering period. The Company estimates the fair value of these awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company calculates the expected volatility based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock and the risk-free interest rate based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant, both consistent with the term of the offering period. The Company incorporates no forfeiture rate and includes no expected dividend yield as the Company has not, and currently does not intend to pay a regular dividend.
Earnings per Share | Earnings per Share Basic weighted average shares outstanding includes vested, but un-issued, deferred stock units (“DSUs”). The difference between basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding represents the dilutive impact of common stock equivalents consisting of shares to be issued under the 2013 Plan and ESPP.
Foreign Currency Translation | Foreign Currency Translation The Company prepares the financial statements of its Canadian subsidiary using the local currency as the functional currency. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s Canadian subsidiary are translated in to U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange at the balance sheet date with the resulting translation adjustments included as a separate component of stockholder’s equity through other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of net and comprehensive income. Income and expenses are translated at the average monthly rates of exchange. The Company includes realized gains and losses from foreign currency transactions in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of net and comprehensive income. The effect of foreign currency translation on cash and cash equivalents is reflected in cash flows from operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows, and is not material for any period presented.
Taxes Collected from Clients and Remitted to Governmental Authorities | Taxes Collected from Clients and Remitted to Governmental Authorities The Company accounts for tax assessed by any governmental authority that is based on revenue or transaction value (e.g. sales, use and value added taxes) on a net basis, and, accordingly, such amounts are not included in revenue. Collected amounts are recorded as a current liability until paid.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosures at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Concentration of Credit Risk | Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk principally consist of cash and cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities, available-for-sale, security deposits (included under other assets, non-current) and commissions receivable. Cash and cash equivalents are placed with high-credit quality financial institutions and invested in high-credit quality money market funds and commercial paper. Concentrations of marketable securities, available-for-sale are limited by the approved investment policy. To reduce its credit risk, the Company monitors the credit standing of the financial institutions money market funds that represent amounts recorded as cash and cash equivalents. The Company historically has not experienced any significant losses related to cash and cash equivalents. The Company derives its revenues from a broad range of real estate investors, owners, and users in the United States and Canada, none of which individually represents a significant concentration of credit risk. The Company maintains allowances, as needed, for estimated credit losses based on management’s assessment of the likelihood of collection. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, no transaction represented 10% or more of total revenues. Further, while one or more transactions may represent 10% or more of commissions receivable at any reporting date, amounts due are typically collected within 10 days of settlement and, therefore, do not expose the Company to significant credit risk. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s Canadian operations represented less than 1% of total revenues. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, no office represented 10% or more of total revenues.
Business Combinations | Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, under which the consideration for the acquisition, including the fair value of any contingent consideration, is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company recognizes identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed (both specific and contingent) at their acquisition date fair values as determined by management as of the acquisition date. The excess of the consideration over the assets acquired net of liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill. In connection with certain acquisitions, the Company enters into agreements to pay additional cash amounts based on the achievement of certain performance measures and/or service and time requirements. Subsequent to the completion of the acquisition, the Company evaluates the fair value of contingent consideration quarterly based on estimates of the probability of achieving certain financial metrics and/or service and time requirements. Adjustments to contingent consideration in periods subsequent to the completion of an acquisition are reflected in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of net and comprehensive income. Acquisition-related costs, such as due diligence, legal and accounting fees, are expensed as incurred and not considered in determining the fair value of the acquired assets. Acquisition-related costs are reflected in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of net and comprehensive income.
Goodwill | Goodwill The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter. In addition to the annual impairment evaluation, the Company evaluates at least quarterly whether events or circumstances have occurred in the period subsequent to the annual impairment testing which indicate that it is more likely than not an impairment loss has occurred. The Company currently has only one reporting unit, therefore, all goodwill is allocated to that one reporting unit.
Intangible Assets | Intangible Assets The Company’s intangible assets primarily include non-compete agreements, customer relationships and contracts in progress that resulted from its business combinations. These intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis using a useful life between one and six years. The Company evaluates its intangible assets for impairment at least annually, or as events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may be impaired.
Segment Reporting | Segment Reporting The Company follows U.S. GAAP for segment reporting, which requires reporting information on operating segments in interim and annual financial statements. Substantially all of the Company’s operations involve the delivery of commercial real estate services to its customers including real estate investment sales, financing (including MSRs revenue) and consulting and advisory services. Management makes operating decisions, assesses performance and allocates resources based on an ongoing review of these integrated operations, which constitute the Company’s only operating segment for financial reporting purposes.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases , to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method , which resulted in the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases. Upon adoption, the Company, in determining ROU assets, also considered currently recorded amounts related to differences in straight line lease expense and cash lease payments and prepaid rent. ROU assets and operating lease obligations in connection with adoption of the new lease standard were $76.7 million. On the adoption date, the Company reclassified deferred rent in the amount of $5.6 million (the noncurrent portion was included in defer r ed rent and other liabilities, and the current portion was included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets) and prepaid rent in the amount of $13.4 million to ROU assets. The Company also reclassified prepaid rent in the amount of $462,000 to other assets, current. The adoption of the new standard had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, but did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of net and comprehensive income. The Company elected available practical expedients permitted under the guidance, which among other items, allow the Company to (i) carry forward its historical lease classification, (ii) not reassess leases for the definition of “lease” under the new standard, (iii) utilize a discount rate as of the effective date and (iv) not record leases that expired or were terminated prior to the effective date. The Company made an accounting policy election to account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities (“ASU 2017-08”). The Company adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2019. ASU 2017-08 shortens the amortization period of a callable security that was acquired at a premium to the earliest call date of that security instead of the contractual life of the security. The adoption of ASU 2017-08 did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. For the Company, the new standard would have been effective on January 1, 2020. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2018-13 during the fourth quarter of 2019. ASU 2018-13 modifies prior disclosure requirements for fair value measurement. ASU 2018-13 removes certain disclosure requirements related to the fair value hierarchy, such as removing the requirement to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, modifies existing disclosure requirements related to measurement uncertainty and adds new disclosure requirements for recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements, such as disclosing the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. Other than changing certain disclosures, ASU 2018-13 had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Pending Adoption In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. For the Company, the new standard will be effective on January 1, 2020. Under ASU 2016-13, the Company will be required to use an expected-loss model for its marketable securities, available-for sale, which requires that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as an impairment write-down. Reversals of credit losses (in situations in which the estimate of credit losses declines) is permitted in the reporting period that the change occurs. Current U.S. GAAP prohibits reflecting reversals of impairment losses. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its investment policy and impairment model for marketable securities, available-for-sale and other financial assets, and due to the average credit rating of its marketable securities, and nature and type of the available-for-sale and other financial assets it holds, the Company does not expect ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements at adoption or in subsequent periods. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)—Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract (“ASU 2018-15”). ASU 2018-15 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. For the Company, the new standard will be effective on January 1, 2020. ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal use software license), by permitting a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to capitalize certain implementation costs as if the arrangement was an internal-use software project. The Company does not expect ASU 2018-15 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. For the Company, the new standard will be effective on January 1, 2021. ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions including the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities related to outside basis differences. It also clarifies and simplifies other aspects of the accounting for income taxes such as step-up in tax basis for goodwill and interim recognition of enactment of tax laws or rate changes. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard and does not expect ASU 2019-12 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

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