Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Investments

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Accounting standards pertaining to fair value measurements establish a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 - Defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 - Defined as inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 - Defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions

The Company uses the market approach valuation technique to determine fair value for investment securities. The assets classified as Level 1 consist of money market funds for which original cost approximates fair value. The assets classified as Level 2 consist of commercial paper, municipal debt securities, federal agency debt securities and corporate debt securities, which are valued using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources including transactions involving identical or comparable assets and models utilizing market observable inputs. The Company has no investment securities classified as Level 3.

For those assets classified as Level 2 that are not in active markets, the Company obtains fair value from pricing sources using quoted market prices for identical or comparable instruments, and uses pricing models which include all significant observable inputs: maturity dates, issue dates, settlement dates, benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issue spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and other market related data. These inputs are observable or can be derived from, or corroborated by, observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset.

Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	As of December 31, 2021						As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	25,019	$	25,019	$	—	$	5,340	$	5,340	$	—
Commercial paper	179,455		—		179,455		48,908		—		48,908
Municipal debt securities	63,875		—		63,875		34,338		—		34,338
Federal agency debt securities	—		—		—		51,400		—		51,400
Total cash equivalents	268,349		25,019		243,330		139,986		5,340		134,646
Short-term
Commercial paper	419,469		—		419,469		229,821		—		229,821
Corporate debt securities	234,436		—		234,436		166,768		—		166,768
Municipal debt securities	165,572		—		165,572		87,290		—		87,290
Federal agency debt securities	—		—		—		48,598		—		48,598

Total short-term	819,477		—		819,477		532,477		—		532,477
Long-term
Municipal debt securities	2,231		—		2,231		—		—		—




Total long-term	2,231		—		2,231		—		—		—
Total financial instruments	$	1,090,057	$	25,019	$	1,065,038	$	672,463	$	5,340	$	667,123

There were no significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 assets for the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2020.

Long-term Debt

None of the Company's long-term debt is publicly traded. The Company has determined the estimated fair value of all of this debt to be Level 3, as certain inputs used to determine the fair value of these agreements are unobservable and, therefore, could be sensitive to changes in inputs.The Company utilizes the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of Level 3 debt.

Carrying value and estimated fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities and without reduction for related costs:


	As of December 31, 2021				As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Fair Value Level
Non-publicly held debt	$	1,447,462	$	1,261,170	$	1,555,637	$	1,191,008	3

Other

Due to the short term nature, carrying amounts of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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