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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024
or
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to_______
Commission File Number 001-33166
Allegiant Travel Company
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Nevada | 20-4745737
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
1201 North Town Center Drive |
Las Vegas, | Nevada | 89144
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (702) 851-7300
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 |  | ALGT |  | NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 29, 2024, the registrant had 18,232,284 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

ALLEGIANT TRAVEL COMPANY
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. | Consolidated Financial Statements | 3
ITEM 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 15
ITEM 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 23
ITEM 4. | Controls and Procedures | 23
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. | Legal Proceedings | 24
ITEM 1A. | Risk Factors | 24
ITEM 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 24
ITEM 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 24
ITEM 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 24
ITEM 5. | Other Information | 24
ITEM 6. | Exhibits | 25
| Signatures | 26

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements
ALLEGIANT TRAVEL COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (unaudited) |  |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 193,414 |  |  | $ | 143,259 |
Restricted cash | 16,859 |  |  | 16,325 |
Short-term investments | 616,461 |  |  | 671,414 |
Accounts receivable | 72,494 |  |  | 70,743 |
Expendable parts, supplies and fuel, net | 35,806 |  |  | 36,335 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 72,072 |  |  | 63,054 |
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS | 1,007,106 |  |  | 1,001,130 |
Property and equipment, net | 3,523,343 |  |  | 3,447,111 |
Long-term investments | 43,799 |  |  | 56,004 |
Deferred major maintenance, net | 165,701 |  |  | 165,767 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 97,046 |  |  | 100,707 |
Deposits and other assets | 98,136 |  |  | 98,691 |
TOTAL ASSETS: | $ | 4,935,131 |  |  | $ | 4,869,410 |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |
Accounts payable | 69,486 |  |  | 54,484 |
Accrued liabilities | 297,329 |  |  | 305,078 |
Current operating lease liabilities | 21,944 |  |  | 20,873 |
Air traffic liability | 432,561 |  |  | 353,488 |
Current loyalty program liability | 40,182 |  |  | 38,447 |
Current maturities of long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of related costs | 459,171 |  |  | 439,937 |
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES | 1,320,673 |  |  | 1,212,307 |
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current maturities and related costs | 1,789,577 |  |  | 1,819,717 |
Deferred income taxes | 384,036 |  |  | 384,602 |
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 77,519 |  |  | 82,410 |
Noncurrent loyalty program liability | 31,283 |  |  | 32,366 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 9,887 |  |  | 9,448 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES: | $ | 3,612,975 |  |  | $ | 3,540,850 |
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Common stock, par value $0.001 | 26 |  |  | 26 |
Treasury shares | (682,075) |  |  | (681,932) |
Additional paid in capital | 747,873 |  |  | 741,055 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net | 2,783 |  |  | 3,991 |
Retained earnings | 1,253,549 |  |  | 1,265,420 |
TOTAL EQUITY: | 1,322,156 |  |  | $ | 1,328,560 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY: | $ | 4,935,131 |  |  | $ | 4,869,410 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3

ALLEGIANT TRAVEL COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
OPERATING REVENUES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Passenger | $ | 579,936 |  |  | $ | 609,277 |  |  |  |  |
Third party products | 33,399 |  |  | 26,037 |  |  |  |  |
Fixed fee contracts | 18,861 |  |  | 14,117 |  |  |  |  |
Resort and other | 24,210 |  |  | 256 |  |  |  |  |
Total operating revenues | 656,406 |  |  | 649,687 |  |  |  |  |
OPERATING EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and benefits | 213,327 |  |  | 159,623 |  |  |  |  |
Aircraft fuel | 170,087 |  |  | 189,546 |  |  |  |  |
Station operations | 66,468 |  |  | 61,520 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 63,844 |  |  | 54,680 |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 30,419 |  |  | 26,928 |  |  |  |  |
Maintenance and repairs | 30,278 |  |  | 26,442 |  |  |  |  |
Aircraft lease rentals | 5,985 |  |  | 7,092 |  |  |  |  |
Other | 47,451 |  |  | 30,643 |  |  |  |  |
Special charges, net of recoveries | 13,099 |  |  | (1,612) |  |  |  |  |
Total operating expenses | 640,958 |  |  | 554,862 |  |  |  |  |
OPERATING INCOME | 15,448 |  |  | 94,825 |  |  |  |  |
OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | (12,241) |  |  | (10,128) |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 40,160 |  |  | 35,708 |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized interest | (11,185) |  |  | (5,180) |  |  |  |  |
Other, net | 51 |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |
Total other expenses | 16,785 |  |  | 20,407 |  |  |  |  |
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | (1,337) |  |  | 74,418 |  |  |  |  |
INCOME TAX PROVISION (BENEFIT) | (418) |  |  | 18,269 |  |  |  |  |
NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | (919) |  |  | $ | 56,149 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) per share to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | 3.09 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | 3.09 |  |  |  |  |
Shares used for computation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 17,664 |  |  | 17,766 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | 17,664 |  |  | 17,769 |  |  |  |  |
Cash dividends declared per share: | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4

ALLEGIANT TRAVEL COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | (919) |  |  | $ | 56,149 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in available for sale securities, net of tax | (1,208) |  |  | 1,985 |  |  |  |  |
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | $ | (2,127) |  |  | $ | 58,134 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5

ALLEGIANT TRAVEL COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
| Common stock outstanding |  | Par value |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income |  | Retained earnings |  | Treasury shares |  | Total shareholders' equity
Balance at December 31, 2023 | 18,269 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 741,055 |  |  | $ | 3,991 |  |  | $ | 1,265,420 |  |  | $ | (681,932) |  |  | $ | 1,328,560 |
Share-based compensation | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,818 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,818 |
Shares repurchased by the Company and held as treasury shares | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (143) |  |  | (143) |
Cash dividends, $0.60 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,952) |  |  | — |  |  | (10,952) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,208) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,208) |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (919) |  |  | — |  |  | (919) |
Balance at March 31, 2024 | 18,282 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 747,873 |  |  | $ | 2,783 |  |  | $ | 1,253,549 |  |  | $ | (682,075) |  |  | $ | 1,322,156 |

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
| Common stock outstanding |  | Par value |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income |  | Retained earnings |  | Treasury shares |  | Total shareholders' equity
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 18,128 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 709,471 |  |  | $ | 1,257 |  |  | $ | 1,169,968 |  |  | $ | (660,023) |  |  | $ | 1,220,698 |
Share-based compensation | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | 5,035 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,035 |
Shares repurchased by the Company and held as treasury shares | (125) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,470) |  |  | (12,470) |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,985 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,985 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,149 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,149 |
Balance at March 31, 2023 | 17,998 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 714,506 |  |  | $ | 3,242 |  |  | $ | 1,226,117 |  |  | $ | (672,493) |  |  | $ | 1,271,397 |

6

ALLEGIANT TRAVEL COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (919) |  |  | $ | 56,149 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 63,844 |  |  | 54,680 |
Special charges, net of recoveries | 12,858 |  |  | (1,835) |
Other adjustments | 2,893 |  |  | 1,592 |
Changes in certain assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Air traffic liability | 79,072 |  |  | 100,071 |
Other - net | 10,057 |  |  | 4,743 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 167,805 |  |  | 215,400 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchase of investment securities | (176,119) |  |  | (251,937) |
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities | 246,663 |  |  | 288,591 |
Aircraft pre-delivery deposits | (35,053) |  |  | (33,516) |
Purchase of property and equipment | (131,862) |  |  | (129,883) |
Other investing activities | 2,787 |  |  | 12,506 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (93,584) |  |  | (114,239) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Cash dividends paid to shareholders | (10,952) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from the issuance of debt and finance lease obligations | 18,755 |  |  | 59,516 |
Repurchase of common stock | (143) |  |  | (12,470) |
Principal payments on debt and finance lease obligations | (31,512) |  |  | (51,492) |
Debt issuance costs | — |  |  | (877) |
Other financing activities | 320 |  |  | (6,554) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (23,532) |  |  | (11,877) |
NET CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH | 50,689 |  |  | 89,284 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 159,584 |  |  | 245,446 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD | $ | 210,273 |  |  | $ | 334,730 |
CASH PAYMENTS FOR: |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amount capitalized | $ | 31,971 |  |  | $ | 41,645 |
Income tax payments | 32 |  |  | 14 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH TRANSACTIONS: |  |  |
Right-of-use (ROU) assets acquired | $ | 1,379 |  |  | $ | — |
Purchases of property and equipment in accrued liabilities | 40,935 |  |  | 69,240 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
7

ALLEGIANT TRAVEL COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Allegiant Travel Company (the “Company”) and its majority-owned operating subsidiaries. The Company's investments in unconsolidated affiliates, which are 50 percent or less owned, are accounted for under the equity or cost method, and are insignificant to the consolidated financial statements. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
These unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments which management believes are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company for the respective periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for Form 10-Q. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company and notes thereto included in the annual report of the Company on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The Company has reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.
Note 2 — Special Charges
As a result of Hurricane Ian's direct hit on the southwest coast of Florida on September 28, 2022, the construction site of Sunseeker Resort at Charlotte Harbor (the "Resort" or "Sunseeker Resort") was damaged. There was a subsequent weather-related event and a fire that caused additional damage in fourth quarter 2022. In addition, during third quarter 2023, the Sunseeker Resort construction site sustained additional damages related to Hurricane Idalia. The Company recorded estimated losses in 2022 and 2023 based on its assessment of these damages and the anticipated future restoration cost. The estimated losses were recorded to special charges and are offset by insurance recoveries in the period they are approved. To date, the Company has recorded $78.2 million in losses and $52.5 million in insurance recoveries. The Company has submitted additional insurance claims that remain outstanding at the date of this report.
Due to the heavy maintenance needs on certain aging Airbus airframes and capacity constraints at the maintenance, repair, and overhaul contractors, the Company reevaluated its fleet plan and identified 21 airframes for early retirement to coincide with 737 MAX aircraft deliveries as scheduled under an amendment to the Company's agreement with The Boeing Company signed in September 2023. Two airframes were retired in 2023 and two airframes were retired in first quarter 2024. The remaining airframes are to be retired between May 2024 and September 2025. The accelerated depreciation on these airframes resulting from a change in the estimated useful life is recorded as a special charge.
Special Charges
The table below summarizes special charges recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023.

|  |  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Sunseeker weather and related events |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  |  |  |
Sunseeker weather and related events, insurance recoveries(1) |  |  |  |  |  | (1,916) |  |  | (1,826) |  |  |  |  |
Accelerated depreciation on airframes identified for early retirement |  |  |  |  |  | 14,915 |  |  | 14 |  |  |  |  |
Total special charges |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,099 |  |  | $ | (1,612) |  |  |  |  |

(1) Includes $0.7 million of business interruption insurance recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2024. No business interruption insurance recoveries were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
8

Note 3 — Revenue Recognition
Passenger Revenue
Passenger revenue is the most significant category in the Company's reported operating revenues, as outlined below:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(in thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Scheduled service | $ | 289,879 |  |  | $ | 311,728 |  |  |  |  |
Ancillary air-related charges | 274,793 |  |  | 283,902 |  |  |  |  |
Loyalty redemptions | 15,264 |  |  | 13,647 |  |  |  |  |
Total passenger revenue | $ | 579,936 |  |  | $ | 609,277 |  |  |  |  |

Sales of passenger tickets not yet flown are recorded in air traffic liability. Passenger revenue is recognized when the underlying service is provided. As of March 31, 2024, the air traffic liability balance was $432.6 million, of which approximately $377.6 million was related to forward bookings, with the remaining $55.0 million related to credit vouchers for future travel.
The normal contract term of passenger tickets is 12 months and passenger revenue associated with future travel will principally be recognized within this time frame. Of the $353.5 million that was recorded in the air traffic liability balance as of December 31, 2023, approximately 72.7 percent was recognized into passenger revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
The Company periodically evaluates the estimated amount of credit vouchers expected to expire unused and any adjustment is removed from air traffic liability and included in passenger revenue in the period in which the evaluation is complete. Estimates of passenger revenue to be recognized from air traffic liability for credit voucher breakage may be subject to variability and differ from historical experience due to the change in contract duration (which applied for vouchers issued in 2020 and in the first half of 2021) and uncertainty regarding demand for future air travel.
Resort Revenue
The Company's resort revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are set forth in the table below:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023
Food and beverage | 10,772 |  |  | — |
Rooms | $ | 9,957 |  |  | $ | — |
Other | 3,158 |  |  | 5 |
Total resort revenue | $ | 23,887 |  |  | $ | 5 |

Revenue from banquets, golf, retail and spa services are included in other resort revenue. Resort revenue is recognized as the underlying services or goods have been provided. There is typically little to no lag between when the services are performed and when payment is remitted. Large group reservations, conventions, and other event bookings require advance deposits which are recorded as accrued liabilities in the Company's balance sheet until the related services and goods are provided. Guest receivables are recorded in accounts receivable on the Company's balance sheet for room nights stayed prior to payment at checkout. The amounts of advance deposit liabilities and guest ledger receivables were not material at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Loyalty redemptions
In relation to the travel component of the Allways Rewards® co-brand credit card contract, the Company has a performance obligation to provide cardholders with points to be used for future travel award redemptions at the airline and resort. Therefore, consideration received related to the travel component is deferred based on its relative selling price and is recognized into passenger revenue and resort revenue when the points are redeemed and the underlying service is provided. Similarly, in relation to the Allways Rewards loyalty program, points earned through the program are deferred based on the stand-alone selling price and recognized into passenger revenue when the points are redeemed and the underlying service is provided.
9

The following table presents the activity of the point liability for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023
Points balance at January 1 | $ | 70,813 |  |  | $ | 56,500 |
Points awarded (deferral of revenue) | 15,923 |  |  | 16,780 |
Points redeemed (recognition of revenue) | (15,271) |  |  | (13,647) |
Points balance at March 31 | $ | 71,465 |  |  | $ | 59,633 |

The current portion of the loyalty program liability represents the estimate of revenue to be recognized in the next 12 months based on historical trends, with the remaining balance reflected in noncurrent liabilities expected to be recognized into revenue in periods thereafter.
Note 4 — Property and Equipment
The following table summarizes the Company's property and equipment as of the dates indicated:

(in thousands) | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Airline |  |  |
Flight equipment | $ | 3,427,671 |  |  | $ | 3,346,216 |
Computer hardware and software | 293,403 |  |  | 274,927 |
Land and buildings/leasehold improvements | 64,242 |  |  | 63,863 |
Other property and equipment | 111,077 |  |  | 109,727 |
Sunseeker Resort |  |  |
Land and buildings/leasehold improvements | 571,002 |  |  | 559,112 |
Other property and equipment | 56,650 |  |  | 53,743 |
Construction in progress | 3,596 |  |  | 4,389 |
Total property and equipment | 4,527,641 |  |  | 4,411,977 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | (1,004,298) |  |  | (964,866) |
Property and equipment, net | $ | 3,523,343 |  |  | $ | 3,447,111 |

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had firm commitments to purchase 50 aircraft which are expected to begin delivering in 2024.
Accrued capital expenditures as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $40.9 million and $71.7 million,respectively.
Note 5 — Long-Term Debt
The following table summarizes the Company's long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of related costs, as of the dates indicated:

(in thousands) | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Fixed-rate debt and finance lease obligations due through 2032 | $ | 1,811,098 |  |  | $ | 1,834,754 |
Variable-rate debt due through 2029 | 437,650 |  |  | 424,900 |
Total long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of related costs | 2,248,748 |  |  | 2,259,654 |
Less current maturities, net of related costs | 459,171 |  |  | 439,937 |
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current maturities and related costs | $ | 1,789,577 |  |  | $ | 1,819,717 |
Weighted average fixed-interest rate on debt | 6.3% |  | 6.3%
Weighted average variable-interest rate on debt | 7.9% |  | 7.9%

10

|  |  |  |  | Interest Rate(s) Per Annum at |  | Balance as of
(dollars in thousands) | Maturity Dates |  | March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Senior secured notes | 2027 |  | 7.25% |  | $ | 550,000 |  |  | $ | 550,000 |
Consolidated variable interest entities | 2024 | - | 2029 |  | 2.92% | - | 5.19% |  | 126,762 |  |  | 130,650 |
Revolving credit facilities | 2024 | - | 2027 |  | 7.92% |  | 200,000 |  |  | 200,000 |
Debt secured by aircraft, engines, other equipment and real estate | 2025 | - | 2031 |  | 1.87% | - | 8.25% |  | 593,606 |  |  | 596,271 |
Finance leases | 2028 | - | 2032 |  | 4.44% | - | 7.01% |  | 449,044 |  |  | 455,248 |
Construction loan agreement | 2028 |  | 5.75% |  | 350,000 |  |  | 350,000 |
Total debt |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,269,412 |  |  | $ | 2,282,169 |
Related costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (20,664) |  |  | (22,515) |
Total debt net of related costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,248,748 |  |  | $ | 2,259,654 |

Maturities of long term debt as of March 31, 2024, for the next five years and thereafter, in the aggregate, are:

(in thousands) | As of March 31, 2024
Remaining in 2024 | $ | 429,032 |
2025 | 180,611 |
2026 | 176,151 |
2027 | 709,354 |
2028 | 328,569 |
2029 | 142,531 |
Thereafter | 282,500 |
Total debt and finance lease obligations, net of related costs | $ | 2,248,748 |

Debt Secured by Aircraft
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company received $18.8 million in advances on a pre-delivery payment (PDP) credit facility secured by certain of the Company's Boeing aircraft purchase rights. The notes under the facility bear interest at a floating interest rate based on SOFR and mature on June 30, 2025 or upon delivery of the applicable aircraft.
Other Secured Debt
In March 2024, the Company entered into credit agreements for up to $218.5 million which will be collateralized by new aircraft upon delivery. The loans will bear interest at a variable rate based on 3-month SOFR and are payable in quarterly installments for a term of 12 years. No draws have been made on these financing commitments to date.
Note 6 — Income Taxes
The Company recorded a $0.4 million income tax benefit at a 31.3 percent effective tax rate and an $18.3 million income tax provision at a 24.5 percent effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0 percent primarily due to state income taxes, permanent tax differences, and discrete items. During the quarter, the Company recognized a $0.2 million income tax benefit for discrete items which were related to share based compensation and to an immaterial adjustment to a prior year uncertain tax benefit.
While the Company expects its effective tax rate to be fairly consistent in the near term, it will vary depending on recurring items such as the amount of income earned in each state and the state tax rate applicable to such income. Discrete items during interim periods may also affect the Company's tax rates.
Note 7 — Fair Value Measurements
The Company utilizes the market approach to measure the fair value of its financial assets. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets. The assets classified as Level 2 primarily utilize quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources including transactions involving identical or
11

comparable assets and models utilizing market observable inputs for valuation of these securities. No changes in valuation techniques or inputs occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

| As of March 31, 2024 |  | As of December 31, 2023
(in thousands) | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2
Cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial paper | $ | 45,906 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45,906 |  |  | $ | 19,575 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,575 |
Money market funds | 31,427 |  |  | 31,427 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,613 |  |  | 33,613 |  |  | — |
US Treasury bonds | 24,746 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,746 |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000 |
Municipal debt securities | 20,004 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,004 |  |  | 7,848 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,848 |
Federal agency debt securities | 12,077 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,077 |  |  | 8,201 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,201 |
Total cash equivalents | 134,160 |  |  | 31,427 |  |  | 102,733 |  |  | 71,237 |  |  | 33,613 |  |  | 37,624 |
Short-term |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | 225,735 |  |  | — |  |  | 225,735 |  |  | 210,982 |  |  | — |  |  | 210,982 |
Commercial paper | 221,827 |  |  | — |  |  | 221,827 |  |  | 237,870 |  |  | — |  |  | 237,870 |
Federal agency debt securities | 140,588 |  |  | — |  |  | 140,588 |  |  | 194,522 |  |  | — |  |  | 194,522 |
Municipal debt securities | 14,013 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,013 |  |  | 13,914 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,914 |
US Treasury Bonds | 7,298 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,298 |  |  | 14,126 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,126 |
Certificate of deposit | 7,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total short-term | 616,461 |  |  | — |  |  | 616,461 |  |  | 671,414 |  |  | — |  |  | 671,414 |
Long-term |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | 39,054 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,054 |  |  | 43,869 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,869 |
Federal agency debt securities | 4,745 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,745 |  |  | 12,135 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,135 |
Total long-term | 43,799 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,799 |  |  | 56,004 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,004 |
Total financial instruments | $ | 794,420 |  |  | $ | 31,427 |  |  | $ | 762,993 |  |  | $ | 798,655 |  |  | $ | 33,613 |  |  | $ | 765,042 |

None of the Company's debt is publicly held and as a result, the Company has determined the estimated fair value of these notes to be Level 3. Certain inputs used to determine fair value are unobservable and, therefore, could be sensitive to changes in inputs. The Company utilizes the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of Level 3 debt.
The carrying value and estimated fair value of long-term debt, excluding finance leases, including current maturities and without reduction for related costs, are as follows:

| As of March 31, 2024 |  | As of December 31, 2023 |  |
(in thousands) | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Hierarchy Level
Fair Value of Notes Payable | $ | 1,820,368 |  |  | $ | 1,815,856 |  |  | $ | 1,826,921 |  |  | $ | 1,815,351 |  |  | 3

Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amounts of cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value.
Note 8 — Earnings (Loss) per Share
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share are computed pursuant to the two-class method. Under this method, the Company attributes net income (loss) to two classes: common stock and unvested restricted stock. Unvested restricted stock awards granted to employees under the Company’s Long-Term Incentive Plan are considered participating securities as they receive non-forfeitable rights to cash dividends at the same rate as common stock.
Diluted net income per share is calculated using the more dilutive of the two methods. Under both methods, the exercise of employee stock options is assumed using the treasury stock method. The assumption of vesting of restricted stock, however, differs:
1.Assume vesting of restricted stock using the treasury stock method.
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2.Assume unvested restricted stock awards are not vested, and allocate earnings to common shares and unvested restricted stock awards using the two-class method.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, basic and diluted loss per share are the same because of the loss position.
The following table sets forth the computation of net income (loss) per share, on a basic and diluted basis, for the periods indicated (share count and dollar amounts other than per-share amounts in the table are in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (919) |  |  | $ | 56,149 |  |  |  |  |
Less income allocated to participating securities | (354) |  |  | (1,254) |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to common stock | $ | (1,273) |  |  | $ | 54,895 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) per share, basic | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | 3.09 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding | 17,664 |  |  | 17,766 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (919) |  |  | $ | 56,149 |  |  |  |  |
Less income allocated to participating securities | (354) |  |  | (1,254) |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to common stock | $ | (1,273) |  |  | $ | 54,895 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) per share, diluted | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | 3.09 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding | 17,664 |  |  | 17,766 |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive effect of restricted stock | — |  |  | 104 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding under treasury stock method | 17,664 |  |  | 17,870 |  |  |  |  |
Participating securities excluded under two-class method | — |  |  | (101) |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding under two-class method | 17,664 |  |  | 17,769 |  |  |  |  |

Note 9 — Contingencies
The Company is subject to certain legal and administrative actions it considers routine to its business activities. The Company believes the ultimate outcome of any potential and pending legal or administrative matters will not have a material adverse impact on its financial position, liquidity or results of operations.
Note 10 — Segments
Operating segments are components of a company for which separate financial and operating information is regularly evaluated and reported to the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"), and is used to allocate resources and analyze performance. The Company's CODM is the executive leadership team, which reviews information about the Company's two operating segments: Airline and Sunseeker Resort.
Airline Segment
The Airline segment operates as a single business unit and includes all scheduled service air transportation, ancillary air-related products and services, third party products and services, fixed fee contract air transportation and other airline-related revenue. The CODM evaluation includes, but is not limited to, route and flight profitability data, ancillary and third party product and service offering statistics, and fixed fee contract information when making resource allocation decisions with the goal of optimizing consolidated financial results.
Sunseeker Resort Segment
The Sunseeker Resort segment operates as a single business unit and includes hotel rooms and suites for occupancy, group meeting facilities, food and beverage options, the Aileron Golf Course and other Resort amenities. The CODM evaluation includes, but is not limited to, demand for hospitality offerings, occupancy rates, room pricing, food and beverage offerings, other charge points at the Resort and competitive information when making resource allocation decisions with the goal of optimizing consolidated financial results.
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Selected information for the Company's segments and the reconciliation to the consolidated financial statement amounts are as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
| Airline |  | Sunseeker |  | Consolidated |  | Airline |  | Sunseeker |  | Consolidated
OPERATING REVENUES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Passenger | $ | 579,936 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 579,936 |  |  | $ | 609,277 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 609,277 |
Third party products | 33,399 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,399 |  |  | 26,037 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,037 |
Fixed fee contracts | 18,861 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,861 |  |  | 14,117 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,117 |
Resort and other | 323 |  |  | 23,887 |  |  | 24,210 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 256 |
Total operating revenues | 632,519 |  |  | 23,887 |  |  | 656,406 |  |  | 649,682 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 649,687 |
OPERATING EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and benefits | 199,508 |  |  | 13,819 |  |  | 213,327 |  |  | 157,521 |  |  | 2,102 |  |  | 159,623 |
Aircraft fuel | 170,087 |  |  | — |  |  | 170,087 |  |  | 189,546 |  |  | — |  |  | 189,546 |
Station operations | 66,468 |  |  | — |  |  | 66,468 |  |  | 61,520 |  |  | — |  |  | 61,520 |
Depreciation and amortization | 57,868 |  |  | 5,976 |  |  | 63,844 |  |  | 54,622 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 54,680 |
Sales and marketing | 28,878 |  |  | 1,541 |  |  | 30,419 |  |  | 26,640 |  |  | 288 |  |  | 26,928 |
Maintenance and repairs | 30,278 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,278 |  |  | 26,442 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,442 |
Aircraft lease rentals | 5,985 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,985 |  |  | 7,092 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,092 |
Other | 34,315 |  |  | 13,136 |  |  | 47,451 |  |  | 28,711 |  |  | 1,932 |  |  | 30,643 |
Special charges, net of recoveries | 14,915 |  |  | (1,816) |  |  | 13,099 |  |  | 14 |  |  | (1,626) |  |  | (1,612) |
Total operating expenses | 608,302 |  |  | 32,656 |  |  | 640,958 |  |  | 552,108 |  |  | 2,754 |  |  | 554,862 |
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) | 24,217 |  |  | (8,769) |  |  | 15,448 |  |  | 97,574 |  |  | (2,749) |  |  | 94,825 |
Interest income | (12,241) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,241) |  |  | (10,128) |  |  | — |  |  | (10,128) |
Interest expense | 34,737 |  |  | 5,423 |  |  | 40,160 |  |  | 30,343 |  |  | 5,365 |  |  | 35,708 |
Capitalized interest | (10,859) |  |  | (326) |  |  | (11,185) |  |  | (1,510) |  |  | (3,670) |  |  | (5,180) |
Capital expenditures | 122,175 |  |  | 14,004 |  |  | 136,179 |  |  | 92,432 |  |  | 85,620 |  |  | 178,052 |

Total assets were as follows as of the dates indicated:

(in thousands) | As of March 31, 2024 |  | As of December 31, 2023
Airline | $ | 4,265,765 |  |  | $ | 4,213,288 |
Sunseeker Resort | 669,366 |  |  | 656,122 |
Consolidated | $ | 4,935,131 |  |  | $ | 4,869,410 |

Note 11 — Subsequent Events
On April 15, 2024, the Company and the Transport Workers Union of America, AFL-CIO Local 577, representing the Company's flight attendants, ratified a new five-year agreement which includes immediate wage increases ranging from 20 to 41.2 percent. In addition to pay increases, the new agreement includes a greater "duty rig," which will increase the amount of time Flight Attendants are paid for being on duty, an improved 401(k) match, and a cap on healthcare cost share increases. The Company will also pay a one-time $10.0 million lump sum signing bonus on May 8, 2024.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis presents factors that had a material effect on our results of operations during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Also discussed is our financial position as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and our consolidated financial statements appearing in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section below entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.
First Quarter 2024 Review
First quarter 2024 highlights include:
•Total operating revenue of $656.4 million, up 1.0 percent over first quarter 2023
•Total fixed fee contracts revenue of $18.9 million, up 33.6 percent year-over-year
•Controllable completion factor of 99.7 percent
•Operating income of $15.4 million, yielding an operating margin of 2.4 percent
•Airline operating income of $24.2 million, yielding an airline-only operating margin of 3.8 percent
•Airline special charges of $14.9 million from accelerated depreciation due to aircraft retirement plan
•Enrolled approximately 540,000 new Allways Rewards members during the first quarter 2024 bringing total members to 17.9 million
•$34.7 million in total cobrand credit card remuneration in first quarter 2024, up 23.7 percent from first quarter 2023
•Airline-only operating CASM excluding fuel and special charges of 8.87 ¢, up 14.5 percent year-over-year
•Includes $20.4 million in incremental cost related to accrual of pilot retention bonuses
•After the end of the quarter, ratified a new five-year agreement with the Transport Workers Union of America, representing Allegiant's flight attendants
•Agreement includes immediate wage increases as well as certain quality-of-life improvements
AIRCRAFT
The following table sets forth the aircraft in service and operated by us as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  |
A320(1)(2) | 91 |  |  | 92 |  |  |
A319(3) | 34 |  |  | 34 |  |  |
Total | 125 |  |  | 126 |  |  |

(1)Does not include one aircraft of which we have taken delivery as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and which was not in service as of that date.
(2)Includes 23 aircraft under finance lease and 13 aircraft under operating lease as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.
(3)Includes four aircraft under operating lease as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.
As of March 31, 2024, we are a party to forward purchase agreements for 50 aircraft with six deliveries currently expected in 2024, and the remaining 44 aircraft are expected to be delivered in 2025 or later years. The timing of these deliveries is based on management's best estimates and differs from the contract in place. The delivery schedule has been and will continue to be impacted by delay notices from Boeing and continuing regulatory reviews of Boeing.
Due to the heavy maintenance needs on certain aging Airbus airframes and capacity constraints at the maintenance, repair, and overhaul contractors, we reevaluated our fleet plan and identified 21 aging airframes for early retirement to coincide with the delivery schedule for our 737 MAX aircraft provided in an amendment to our Boeing purchase agreement signed on September 29, 2023. Two airframes were retired in 2023 and two airframes were retired in first quarter 2024. The remaining airframes are to be retired between May 2024 and September 2025. The retirements were coordinated with the revised delivery schedule for the 737 MAX aircraft to provide us with opportunities for fleet renewal and replacement. The accelerated depreciation on these airframes resulting from a change in the estimated useful life is recorded as a special charge of $14.9 million during first quarter 2024. We plan to retain the engines associated with these airframes in our spare engine pool and use the substantial remaining life on these engines to offset future overhaul costs.
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NETWORK
As of March 31, 2024, we were selling 565 routes versus 574 as of the same date in 2023. Growth of our network has been impacted by challenges created by delayed aircraft deliveries, the uncertainty of our pilot staffing levels and other factors. We have identified as many as 1,400 incremental domestic nonstop routes as opportunities for future network growth, of which over 77 percent currently have no current non-stop service. Our total active number of origination cities and leisure destinations were 90 and 33, respectively, as of March 31, 2024.
Our unique model is predicated around expanding and contracting capacity to meet seasonal leisure travel demands.
TRENDS
Aircraft Fuel
The cost of fuel is volatile, as it is subject to many economic and geopolitical factors we can neither control nor predict. Significant increases in fuel costs could materially affect our operating results and profitability. We have not sought to use financial derivative products to hedge our exposure to fuel price volatility, nor do we have any plans to do so in the future.
The cost per gallon of fuel began to increase significantly in 2021, and the increases were exacerbated by the geopolitical impact of the war in Ukraine. Increases in refinery costs also added to our fuel cost. Although the average fuel cost per gallon declined in first quarter 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023, the average fuel cost per gallon in the first quarter 2024 remained 62.9 percent higher than in first quarter 2021. Despite an 11.4 percent decrease in fuel cost per gallon during the first quarter 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, we expect high fuel costs will continue to impact our total costs and operating results.
Boeing Agreement
We have signed an agreement and amendments with The Boeing Company to purchase 50 newly manufactured 737 MAX aircraft with options to purchase up to an additional 80 737 MAX aircraft. We believe this new aircraft purchase is complementary with our low cost strategy based on our intent to retain ownership of the aircraft, the longer useful life for depreciation purposes, and expected fuel savings and operational reliability from the use of these new aircraft.
In the interest of increased quality control at Boeing and its suppliers, the FAA has indicated aircraft production rates will be capped until they are fully satisfied with Boeing's quality practices. These factors and other Boeing delays in obtaining needed regulatory approvals could delay deliveries to us even further than management's current expectations.
Capacity Growth
Delays for new Boeing aircraft deliveries, aircraft in heavy maintenance, uncertainty as to pilot staffing levels and airport construction disruption continue to impact our ability to schedule network growth. As a result, we have pulled back some of our capacity growth in 2024. We believe these issues are not unique to Allegiant.
Union Negotiations
The collective bargaining agreement with our pilots is currently amendable. We and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters ("IBT”) jointly requested the mediation services of the National Mediation Board ("NMB") in January 2023 to assist with the negotiations. The mediation process with the NMB is continuing with new union negotiators and leadership, with dates for negotiation sessions currently scheduled through June 2024.
Separately from the ongoing collective bargaining agreement negotiations, to address retention and pilot pay issues and increase pilot staffing levels, effective in May 2023, we began recognizing a retention bonus for pilots who continue employment with us until a new labor agreement is approved. The amount is 35 percent of current hourly pay rates, except for the first year first officers for whom the percentage is 82 percent, calculated at a minimum of 85 pay credit hours per month. The IBT concurred with this approach. Our implementation of the retention bonus has contributed to our ability to add pilots through hiring and slower attrition.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded estimated pilot retention bonus accruals of $20.4 million bringing the total accrual to $70.6 million at period end. The bonus will be paid to all pilots remaining employed with us upon ratification of a new collective bargaining agreement.
On April 15, 2024, our flight attendants ratified a new five-year agreement we negotiated with the Transportation Workers Union (TWU). The new contract provides for immediate wage increases, improved pay overrides, an increased 401(k) match and the payment of a $10.0 million ratification bonus in May 2024. The agreement provides us with increased flexibility in scheduling flight attendants during irregular operations, which should increase productivity and reduce operational disruptions.
16

Establishment of ESG Goals
We have established ESG goals in the areas of environmental, social and governance. We will report on our progress toward meeting those goals within our annual sustainability reports.
VivaAerobus Alliance
In December 2021, we announced plans for a fully-integrated commercial alliance agreement with VivaAerobus, designed to expand options for nonstop leisure air travel between our markets in the United States and Mexico. We and VivaAerobus have submitted a joint application to the DOT requesting approval of and antitrust immunity for the alliance. Although the DOT process has progressed substantially, their review of our application is currently suspended pending the outcome of diplomatic engagement on broader treaty issues and, as a result, the timing of commencement of this service is uncertain as it will depend on when or if the DOT will ultimately approve the grant of antitrust immunity.
Sunseeker Resort
Sunseeker Resort at Charlotte Harbor opened in December 2023. While the Resort is in the early stages of financial maturity, food and beverage revenues have exceeded our initial expectations and have accounted for nearly half of the Resort's first quarter revenue. As with any new hotel or resort, we expect occupancy and operating performance to build in the coming years.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Comparison of three months ended March 31, 2024 to three months ended March 31, 2023
Operating Revenue
Passenger revenue. First quarter 2024 passenger revenue decreased slightly compared to the same period in 2023 on relatively flat capacity. The decrease in passenger revenue was driven by lower average scheduled service base fare and lower average ancillary fare, which decreased 5.0 percent and 2.0 percent respectively, coupled with a 1.3 percent decrease in passengers flown, compared to first quarter 2023. The lower base fare is attributable to weaker demand in off-peak periods. The lower ancillary fare is due, in part, to issues faced in transitioning to the Navitaire system.
Third party products revenue. Third party products revenue for first quarter 2024 increased 28.3 percent compared to first quarter 2023. The increase from 2023 is primarily the result of a 34.8 percent increase in the marketing component of co-brand credit card revenues.
Fixed fee contract revenue. Fixed fee contract revenue for first quarter 2024 increased 33.6 percent compared to the same period in 2023 on a 48.3 percent increase in fixed fee departures as the result of strong performance during March Madness and growth in corporate charters and other sports flying.
Operating Expenses
We primarily evaluate our expense management by comparing our costs per available seat mile (ASM) across different periods, which enables us to assess trends in each expense category. The following table presents unit costs on a per ASM basis, or CASM, for the indicated periods. Excluding fuel on a per ASM basis provides management and investors the ability to measure and monitor our cost performance absent fuel price volatility. Both the cost and availability of fuel are subject to many economic and political factors beyond our control. Excluding special charges and Sunseeker operating costs allows management and investors to better compare our airline unit costs with those of other airlines.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Percent Change
Unitized costs (in cents) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | YoY |  |
Salaries and benefits* | 4.47 | ¢ |  | 3.41 | ¢ |  |  |  | 31.1 | % |  |
Aircraft fuel | 3.56 |  |  | 4.05 |  |  |  |  | (12.1) |  |  |
Station operations | 1.39 |  |  | 1.32 |  |  |  |  | 5.3 |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization* | 1.34 |  |  | 1.17 |  |  |  |  | 14.5 |  |  |
Sales and marketing* | 0.64 |  |  | 0.58 |  |  |  |  | 10.3 |  |  |
Maintenance and repairs | 0.63 |  |  | 0.57 |  |  |  |  | 10.5 |  |  |
Aircraft lease rentals | 0.13 |  |  | 0.15 |  |  |  |  | (13.3) |  |  |
Other* | 1.00 |  |  | 0.64 |  |  |  |  | 56.3 |  |  |
Special charges, net of insurance recoveries* | 0.27 |  |  | (0.03) |  |  |  |  | NM |  |
CASM | 13.43 | ¢ |  | 11.86 | ¢ |  |  |  | 13.2 |  |  |
Operating CASM, excluding fuel but including Sunseeker Resort | 9.87 | ¢ |  | 7.81 | ¢ |  |  |  | 26.4 |  |
Airline special charges CASM | 0.31 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | NM |  |
Sunseeker Resort CASM | 0.69 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  |  |  | NM |  |
Airline operating CASM, excluding fuel, special charges and Sunseeker Resort activity | 8.87 | ¢ |  | 7.75 | ¢ |  |  |  | 14.5 |  |  |

* These expense line items include Sunseeker Resort activity
NM Not Meaningful
Operating CASM, excluding fuel, airline special charges, and Sunseeker Resort activity. Operating CASM, excluding fuel, airline special charges and Sunseeker Resort activity, increased by 14.5 percent to 8.87 ¢ for first quarter 2024 from 7.75 ¢ in first quarter 2023. The CASM-ex increase is primarily attributable to a 26.7 percent or $42.0 million increase in airline salaries and benefits expense in first quarter 2024 over first quarter 2023 (for the reasons described in the expense line item discussion below). This increase was on a relatively flat, approximately 2.0 percent, increase in capacity as we continue to manage capacity to meet demand.
Salaries and benefits expense. Salaries and benefits expense increased $53.7 million, or 33.6 percent, in first quarter 2024 compared to first quarter 2023. Higher salaries and benefits expense was primarily driven by an 11.9 percent increase in airline full time equivalent employees (including an 18.9 percent increase in the number of pilots employed since March 31, 2023) and increased crew pay, including the impact of a $20.4 million accrual for pilot retention bonuses during first quarter 2024. The accrued pilot retention bonus is payable after completion of a new collective bargaining agreement with this work group. The grand opening of Sunseeker Resort in December 2023 further drove the increase by adding nearly 1,000 Resort team members and an increase of $11.7 million in salaries and benefits expense in first quarter 2024.
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Aircraft fuel expense. Aircraft fuel expense decreased $19.5 million, or 10.3 percent, for first quarter 2024 compared to first quarter 2023. This is primarily due to an 11.4 percent decrease in average fuel cost per gallon, offset by a 1.4 percent increase in fuel gallons consumed.
Station operations expense. Station operations expense for first quarter 2024 increased $4.9 million, or 8.0 percent compared to first quarter 2023 due to increased costs associated with airport fees, landing fees, and other stations-related expense.
Depreciation and amortization expense. Depreciation and amortization expense for first quarter 2024 increased by 16.8 percent compared to first quarter 2023 due to a $2.1 million increase in heavy maintenance amortization, $6.0 million of depreciation expense related to the Sunseeker Resort, and other assets placed into service since first quarter 2023.
Maintenance and repairs expense. Maintenance and repairs expense for first quarter 2024 increased $3.8 million, or 14.5 percent, compared to first quarter 2023, as the result of a 2.5 percent increase in the average number of aircraft in service and a $3.7 million increase in non-capitalized repair costs.
Sales and marketing expense. Sales and marketing expense for first quarter 2024 increased by 13.0 percent compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to increased costs associated with advertising campaigns for our co-brand credit card and for Sunseeker.
Other operating expense. Other operating expense increased $16.8 million or 54.9 percent in first quarter 2024 compared to first quarter 2023. The increase is primarily attributable to $13.1 million in Sunseeker Resort operating expenses consisting of $3.6 million cost of sales, $2.1 million insurance, $0.9 million property taxes, and other general and administrative expenses. Incremental increases in crew travel, training, and outside labor expense also contributed to the increase in other operating expense.
Special charges. During first quarter 2024, we recorded $13.1 million of special charges including $14.9 million of accelerated depreciation from the early retirement of 21 airframes from 2023 through 2025 pursuant to a revised fleet plan, which was offset by net insurance recoveries related to Sunseeker Resort hurricane damages.
Interest Expense and Income
Interest expense, net for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 decreased by $3.7 million, or 18.0 percent over first quarter 2023. The decrease is primarily attributable to a $6.0 million increase in capitalized interest (which consists of a $9.3 million increase in capitalized interest related to Boeing PDP deposits offset by a $3.3 million decrease in capitalized interest related to the Sunseeker Resort) and a $2.1 million increase in interest income due to higher yields on investments in debt securities. These amounts were offset by an increase of $4.4 million in interest expense due to a year-over-year increase of $142.9 million of debt outstanding.
Income Tax Expense
We recorded a $0.4 million income tax benefit at an effective tax rate of 31.3 percent and an $18.3 million provision for income tax at a 24.5 percent effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0 percent primarily due to state income taxes, permanent tax differences, and discrete items. During the quarter, we recognized a $0.2 million income tax benefit for discrete items which were related to share based compensation and to an immaterial adjustment to a prior year uncertain tax benefit.
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Comparative Airline-Only Operating Statistics
The following tables set forth our airline operating statistics for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Percent Change (1)
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | YoY |  |
Airline operating statistics (unaudited): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total system statistics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Passengers | 4,104,860 |  | 4,148,453 |  |  |  |  | (1.1) | % |  |
Available seat miles (ASMs) (thousands) | 4,771,971 |  | 4,677,622 |  |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |
Airline operating expense per ASM (CASM) (cents) | 12.75 | ¢ |  | 11.80 | ¢ |  |  |  | 8.1 |  |  |
Fuel expense per ASM (cents) | 3.56 | ¢ |  | 4.05 | ¢ |  |  |  | (12.1) |  |  |
Airline special charges per ASM (cents) | 0.31 | ¢ |  | — | ¢ |  |  |  | NM |  |
Airline operating CASM, excluding fuel and special charges (cents) | 8.87 | ¢ |  | 7.75 | ¢ |  |  |  | 14.5 |  |  |
Departures | 29,225 |  | 29,145 |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |
Block hours | 72,632 |  | 71,790 |  |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |
Average stage length (miles) | 919 |  | 908 |  |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |
Average number of operating aircraft during period | 125.8 |  | 122.7 |  |  |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |
Average block hours per aircraft per day | 6.3 |  | 6.5 |  |  |  |  | (3.1) |  |  |
Full-time equivalent employees at end of period | 5,951 |  | 5,318 |  |  |  |  | 11.9 |  |  |
Fuel gallons consumed (thousands) | 56,224 |  | 55,434 |  |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |
ASMs per gallon of fuel | 84.9 |  | 84.4 |  |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |
Average fuel cost per gallon | $ | 3.03 |  | $ | 3.42 |  |  |  |  | (11.4) |  |  |

Scheduled service statistics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Passengers | 4,069,519 |  |  | 4,122,196 |  |  |  |  | (1.3) |  |
Revenue passenger miles (RPMs) (thousands) | 3,883,810 |  | 3,925,362 |  |  |  |  | (1.1) |  |
Available seat miles (ASMs) (thousands) | 4,636,922 |  |  | 4,573,766 |  |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |
Load factor | 83.8 | % |  | 85.8 | % |  |  |  | (2.0) |  |
Departures | 28,177 |  |  | 28,273 |  |  |  |  | (0.3) |  |
Block hours | 70,365 |  |  | 70,009 |  |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |
Average seats per departure | 177.5 |  |  | 176.0 |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |
Yield (cents) (2) | 7.86 | ¢ |  | 8.29 | ¢ |  |  |  | (5.2) |  |
Total passenger revenue per ASM (TRASM) (cents)(3) | 13.23 | ¢ |  | 13.89 | ¢ |  |  |  | (4.8) |  |
Average fare - scheduled service(4) | $ | 74.98 |  |  | $ | 78.93 |  |  |  |  | (5.0) |  |
Average fare - air-related charges(4) | $ | 67.52 |  |  | $ | 68.87 |  |  |  |  | (2.0) |  |
Average fare - third party products | $ | 8.21 |  |  | $ | 6.32 |  |  |  |  | 29.9 |  |
Average fare - total | $ | 150.71 |  |  | $ | 154.12 |  |  |  |  | (2.2) |  |
Average stage length (miles) | 926 |  |  | 915 |  |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |
Fuel gallons consumed (thousands) | 54,566 |  |  | 54,145 |  |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |
Average fuel cost per gallon | $ | 3.01 |  |  | $ | 3.42 |  |  |  |  | (12.0) |  |
Percent of sales through website during period | 96.5 | % |  | 95.6 | % |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |
Other data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental car days sold | 357,944 |  |  | 354,426 |  |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |
Hotel room nights sold | 61,294 |  |  | 68,939 |  |  |  |  | (11.1) |  |

(1)Except load factor and percent of sales through website during period, which are presented as a percentage point change.
(2)Defined as scheduled service revenue divided by revenue passenger miles.
(3)Various components of this measure do not have a direct correlation to ASMs. This measure is provided on a per ASM basis so as to facilitate comparison with airlines reporting revenues on a per ASM basis.
(4)Reflects division of passenger revenue between scheduled service (base fare) and air-related charges in our booking path.
NM Not Meaningful
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Current liquidity
Cash, cash equivalents and investment securities (short-term and long-term) decreased slightly to $853.7 million at March 31, 2024, from $870.7 million at December 31, 2023. Investment securities represent highly liquid marketable securities which are available-for-sale.
Restricted cash represents escrowed funds under fixed fee contracts and cash collateral against letters of credit required by hotel properties for guaranteed room availability, airports and certain other parties. Under our fixed fee flying contracts, we require our customers to prepay for flights to be provided by us. The prepayments are escrowed until the flight is completed and are recorded as restricted cash with a corresponding amount reflected as air traffic liability.
Our operating cash flows and long-term debt borrowings have allowed us to invest in our fleet renewal. Future capital needs are primarily for the acquisition of additional aircraft, including our existing aircraft commitments.
We believe we have more than adequate liquidity resources through our cash balances, operating cash flows, availability under revolving credit facilities, PDP facilities, and borrowings to meet our future contractual obligations. We have also entered into several financing commitments that will fund upon delivery of our new Boeing aircraft. We will continue to consider raising funds through debt financing as needed to fund capital expenditures.
Our current share repurchase authority is $75.7 million. We have not repurchased shares on the open market since December 2023.
Debt
Our debt and finance lease obligations balance, without reduction for related issuance costs, decreased slightly from $2.28 billion as of December 31, 2023 to $2.27 billion as of March 31, 2024. Net debt (total debt less unrestricted cash, cash equivalents, and investments) as of March 31, 2024 was $1.40 billion, an increase of $6.1 million from December 31, 2023.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we entered into credit agreements for up to $218.5 million which will be collateralized by new aircraft deliveries. These commitments, along with commitments existing prior to first quarter 2024, are expected to refinance on a long term basis $121.0 million of our PDP loan balances which are presently classified as current maturities of long term debt. No draws have been made on these financing commitments to date as they will be funded when the aircraft to be pledged are delivered to us.
As of March 31, 2024, approximately 80.5 percent of our debt and finance lease obligations are fixed-rate.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Operating Activities. Operating cash inflows are primarily derived from providing air transportation and related ancillary products and services to customers. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, our operating activities provided $167.8 million of cash compared to $215.4 million during the same period 2023. This change is primarily attributable to a $57.1 million decrease in net income compared to first quarter 2023.
Investing Activities. Cash used for investing activities was $93.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $114.2 million during the same period in 2023. The change is primarily attributable to a $33.9 million increase of proceeds from maturities of investment securities, net of purchases, offset by $10.8 million lower Sunseeker insurance proceeds during the quarter (included in the other investing activities line item) and a $3.5 million increase in purchase of property and equipment, including aircraft PDPs.
Financing Activities. Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $23.5 million, compared to $11.9 million of cash used in the same period in 2023. The change was primarily driven by a $40.8 million decrease in proceeds from issuance of debt, offset by a $20.0 million decrease in principal repayments on long term debt and finance lease obligations and a $6.9 million decrease in other financing activities primarily related to the disbursement of funds related to the Sunseeker construction loan. We also paid $11.0 million in cash dividends during the quarter, compared to $12.3 million cash used for repurchases of common stock in the same period of 2023.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We have made forward-looking statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, and in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions, and on information currently available to our management. Forward-looking statements include our statements regarding the number of contracted aircraft to be placed in service in the future, the timing of aircraft deliveries and retirements, the number of possible future markets that may be served, the implementation of a joint alliance with VivaAerobus, the operations of our Sunseeker Resort, as well as other information concerning future results of operations, business strategies, financing plans, competitive position, industry environment, potential growth opportunities, the effects of future regulation and the effects of competition. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "estimate," “project,” “hope” or similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Important risk factors that could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements may be found in our periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission at www.sec.gov. These risk factors include, without limitation, the impact of regulatory reviews of Boeing on its aircraft delivery schedule, an accident involving, or problems with, our aircraft, public perception of our safety, our reliance on our automated systems, our reliance on Boeing and other third parties to deliver aircraft under contract to us on a timely basis, risk of breach of security of personal data, volatility of fuel costs, labor issues and costs, the ability to obtain regulatory approvals as needed, the effect of economic conditions on leisure travel, debt covenants and balances, the impact of government regulations on the airline industry, the ability to finance aircraft to be acquired, the ability to obtain necessary government approvals to implement the announced alliance with VivaAerobus and to otherwise prepare to offer international service, terrorist attacks, risks inherent to airlines, our competitive environment, our reliance on third parties who provide facilities or services to us, the impact of management changes and the possible loss of key personnel, economic and other conditions in markets in which we operate, the ability to successfully operate Sunseeker Resort at Charlotte Harbor, increases in maintenance costs and the availability of outside maintenance contractors to perform needed work on our aircraft on a timely basis and at acceptable rates, cyclical and seasonal fluctuations in our operating results and the perceived acceptability of our environmental, social, and governance efforts.
Any forward-looking statements are based on information available to us today and we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of future events, new information or otherwise.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2024. For information regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates, see disclosures in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes contained in our 2023 Form 10-K, and in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are subject to certain market risks, including commodity prices (specifically aircraft fuel). The adverse effects of changes in these markets could pose potential losses as discussed below. The sensitivity analysis provided does not consider the effects that such adverse changes may have on overall economic activity, nor does it consider additional actions we may take to mitigate our exposure to such changes. Actual results may differ.
Aircraft Fuel
Our results of operations can be significantly impacted by changes in the price and availability of aircraft fuel. Aircraft fuel expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 represented 26.5 percent of our total operating expenses. Increases in fuel prices, or a shortage of supply, could have a material impact on our operations and operating results. Based on our fuel consumption for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a hypothetical ten percent increase in the average price per gallon of fuel would have increased fuel expense by approximately $17.1 million. We do not hedge fuel price risk.
Interest Rates
As of March 31, 2024, we had $441.6 million of variable-rate debt, including current maturities, and without reduction for $4.0 million in related costs. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates would have affected interest expense on variable rate debt by approximately $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
As of March 31, 2024, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer ("CEO") and chief financial officer (“CFO”), we evaluated the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, management, including our CEO and CFO, has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed, and are effective, to give reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Except as set forth below, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ending March 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
The Sunseeker Resort opened on December 15, 2023, and first quarter 2024 was the Resort’s first full quarter of operations. Management has implemented internal controls over financial reporting related to Resort activities and continues to evaluate those controls and procedures.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to certain legal and administrative actions we consider routine to our business activities. We believe the ultimate outcome of any pending legal or administrative matters will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We have evaluated our risk factors and determined there are no changes to those set forth in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and filed with the Commission on February 29, 2024.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Our Repurchases of Equity Securities
The following table reflects the repurchases of our common stock during first quarter 2024:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of our Publicly Announced Plan |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands) (2)
January |  | 1,148 |  |  | $ | 79.91 |  |  | None |  |
February |  | 32 |  |  | $ | 75.74 |  |  | None |  |
March |  | 688 |  |  | $ | 72.40 |  |  | None |  |
Total |  | 1,868 |  |  | $ | 77.07 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 75,697 |

(1)Represents shares repurchased from employees who vested a portion of their restricted stock grants. These share repurchases were made at the election of each employee pursuant to an offer to repurchase by us. In each case, the shares repurchased constituted a portion of vested shares necessary to satisfy income tax withholding requirements.
(2)Represents the remaining dollar amount of open market purchases of our common stock which has been authorized by our board under a share repurchase program.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable
Item 5. Other Information
Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of the Company's securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”
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Item 6. Exhibits

3.1 | Articles of Incorporation of Allegiant Travel Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registration Statement No. 333-134145 filed with the Commission on July 6, 2006).
3.2 | Bylaws of Allegiant Travel Company as amended on January 30, 2024. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on February 5, 2024).
31.1 | Rule 13a - 14(a) / 15d - 14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer
31.2 | Rule 13a - 14(a) / 15d - 14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer
32 | Section 1350 Certifications
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | ALLEGIANT TRAVEL COMPANY
Date: | May 9, 2024 | By: | /s/ Robert J. Neal
|  | Robert J. Neal, as duly authorized officer of the Company (Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer) and as Principal Financial Officer

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