10-Q 1 hlit-20130927x10q.htm 10-Q
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_____________________________________________________
Form 10-Q
_____________________________________________________
(Mark One)

ý | Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 27, 2013

¨ | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File No. 000-25826
_____________________________________________________
HARMONIC INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_____________________________________________________

Delaware | 77-0201147
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

4300 North First Street
San Jose, CA 95134
(408) 542-2500
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
____________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ý
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.001 par value, outstanding on October 14, 2013 was 100,808,712.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I |
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) | 3
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 22
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 32
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 32
PART II |
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 34
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | 34
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 53
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 54
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 54
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION | 54
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS | 55
SIGNATURES | 56

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PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)

| September 27, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
| (In thousands, except par value amounts)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 93,330 |  |  | $ | 96,670 |
Short-term investments | 75,966 |  |  | 104,506 |
Accounts receivable, net | 85,069 |  |  | 85,920 |
Inventories | 40,369 |  |  | 64,270 |
Deferred income taxes | 20,144 |  |  | 21,870 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 14,757 |  |  | 23,636 |
Total current assets | 329,635 |  |  | 396,872 |
Property and equipment, net | 35,551 |  |  | 38,122 |
Goodwill | 197,956 |  |  | 212,518 |
Intangibles, net | 37,878 |  |  | 58,447 |
Other assets | 16,133 |  |  | 11,572 |
Total assets | $ | 617,153 |  |  | $ | 717,531 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 19,987 |  |  | $ | 25,447 |
Income taxes payable | 577 |  |  | 1,797 |
Deferred revenue | 34,115 |  |  | 33,235 |
Accrued liabilities | 33,118 |  |  | 42,415 |
Total current liabilities | 87,797 |  |  | 102,894 |
Income taxes payable, long-term | 12,155 |  |  | 49,309 |
Other non-current liabilities | 11,694 |  |  | 11,915 |
Total liabilities | 111,646 |  |  | 164,118 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 5,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 150,000 shares authorized; 100,901 and 114,193 shares issued and outstanding at September 27, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively | 101 |  |  | 114 |
Additional paid-in capital | 2,345,512 |  |  | 2,432,790 |
Accumulated deficit | (1,839,639 | ) |  | (1,879,026 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (467 | ) |  | (465 | )
Total stockholders’ equity | 505,507 |  |  | 553,413 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 617,153 |  |  | $ | 717,531 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
| (In thousands, except per share amounts)
Product revenue | $ | 98,713 |  |  | $ | 97,881 |  |  | $ | 277,965 |  |  | $ | 300,731 |
Service revenue | 24,205 |  |  | 22,510 |  |  | 63,753 |  |  | 58,159 |
Net revenue | 122,918 |  |  | 120,391 |  |  | 341,718 |  |  | 358,890 |
Product cost of revenue | 52,747 |  |  | 53,995 |  |  | 146,916 |  |  | 167,039 |
Service cost of revenue | 13,379 |  |  | 11,518 |  |  | 33,953 |  |  | 31,430 |
Total cost of revenue | 66,126 |  |  | 65,513 |  |  | 180,869 |  |  | 198,469 |
Gross profit | 56,792 |  |  | 54,878 |  |  | 160,849 |  |  | 160,421 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 24,560 |  |  | 25,586 |  |  | 75,631 |  |  | 77,205 |
Selling, general and administrative | 32,527 |  |  | 31,132 |  |  | 100,220 |  |  | 93,862 |
Amortization of intangibles | 2,001 |  |  | 2,179 |  |  | 6,099 |  |  | 6,548 |
Restructuring and related charges | 259 |  |  | — |  |  | 925 |  |  | — |
Total operating expenses | 59,347 |  |  | 58,897 |  |  | 182,875 |  |  | 177,615 |
Loss from operations | (2,555 | ) |  | (4,019 | ) |  | (22,026 | ) |  | (17,194 | )
Interest income, net | 47 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 363 |
Other income (expense), net | 230 |  |  | (164 | ) |  | (70 | ) |  | 119 |
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | (2,278 | ) |  | (4,055 | ) |  | (21,955 | ) |  | (16,712 | )
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes | (38,953 | ) |  | 414 |  |  | (45,723 | ) |  | 367 |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | 36,675 |  |  | (4,469 | ) |  | 23,768 |  |  | (17,079 | )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes (including gain on disposal of $14,813, net of taxes, for the nine months ended September 27, 2013) | 91 |  |  | (3,761 | ) |  | 15,619 |  |  | 1,338 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 36,766 |  |  | $ | (8,230 | ) |  | $ | 39,387 |  |  | $ | (15,741 | )
Basic net income (loss) per share from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (0.15 | )
Discontinued operations | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.07 | ) |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )
Diluted net income (loss) per share from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (0.15 | )
Discontinued operations | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.07 | ) |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )
Shares used in per share calculation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 101,144 |  |  | 116,517 |  |  | 108,695 |  |  | 116,946 |
Diluted | 102,723 |  |  | 116,517 |  |  | 109,879 |  |  | 116,946 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(UNAUDITED)

| Three months ended |  |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
| (In thousands) |
Net income (loss) | $ | 36,766 |  |  | $ | (8,230 | ) |  | $ | 39,387 |  |  | $ | (15,741 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in cumulative translation adjustments | 462 |  |  | 403 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 317 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 462 |  |  | 403 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 317 |
Changes in unrealized gain (loss) on investment arising during the period | 52 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 30 |
Gain on investments | 52 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 30 |
Other comprehensive income before tax | 514 |  |  | 408 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 347 |
Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) | 17 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (11 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 497 |  |  | 405 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 358 |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 37,263 |  |  | $ | (7,825 | ) |  | $ | 39,385 |  |  | $ | (15,383 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

| Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
| (In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 39,387 |  |  | $ | (15,741 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles | 20,569 |  |  | 22,004 |
Depreciation | 12,365 |  |  | 11,337 |
Stock-based compensation | 11,953 |  |  | 14,122 |
Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax | (14,813 | ) |  | — |
Loss on impairment of fixed assets | 149 |  |  | — |
Deferred income taxes | (10,647 | ) |  | 1,627 |
Provision for inventories | 2,813 |  |  | 2,466 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts, returns and discounts | 1,161 |  |  | 2,012 |
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation | — |  |  | (80 | )
Other non-cash adjustments, net | 1,220 |  |  | 560 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (310 | ) |  | 13,240 |
Inventories | 10,509 |  |  | (85 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 8,522 |  |  | 1,847 |
Accounts payable | (5,418 | ) |  | 364 |
Deferred revenue | 5,127 |  |  | 3,307 |
Income taxes payable | (39,209 | ) |  | (1,482 | )
Accrued and other liabilities | (8,244 | ) |  | (5,352 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 35,134 |  |  | 50,146 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of investments | (54,773 | ) |  | (94,123 | )
Proceeds from maturities of investments | 50,681 |  |  | 44,876 |
Proceeds from sales of investments | 31,506 |  |  | 30,486 |
Purchases of property and equipment | (11,249 | ) |  | (9,850 | )
Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations, net of selling costs | 43,527 |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 59,692 |  |  | (28,611 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Payments for repurchase of common stock | (103,496 | ) |  | (14,388 | )
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net | 5,355 |  |  | 4,922 |
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 80 |
Net cash used in financing activities | (98,141 | ) |  | (9,386 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (25 | ) |  | 103 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (3,340 | ) |  | 12,252 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 96,670 |  |  | 90,983 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 93,330 |  |  | $ | 103,235 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HARMONIC INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1: BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) which Harmonic Inc. (“Harmonic,” or the “Company”) considers necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations for the interim periods covered and the consolidated financial condition of the Company at the date of the balance sheets. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2013 (“2012 Form 10-K”). The interim results presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2013, or any other future period. The Company’s fiscal quarters are based on 13-week periods, except for the fourth quarter, which ends on December 31.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The year-end condensed balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).
Discontinued Operations
On March 5, 2013, the Company completed the sale of its cable access HFC business to Aurora Networks (“Aurora”) for $46.0 million in cash. The Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations have been retrospectively adjusted to present the cable access HFC business as discontinued operations, as described in “Note 3, Discontinued Operations”. Unless noted otherwise, all discussions herein with respect to the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements relate to the Company’s continuing operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to its audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in its 2012 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes to these policies during the nine months ended September 27, 2013.
Reclassifications
From time to time the Company reclassifies certain prior period balances to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications have no material impact on previously reported total assets, total liabilities, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or cash flows.
NOTE 2: RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In December 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2011-11, “Disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities”. This guidance enhances disclosure requirements about the nature of an entity’s right to offset. The new guidance requires the disclosure of the gross amounts subject to rights of set-off, amounts offset in accordance with the accounting standards followed, and the related net exposure. The new guidance became effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2013 and it did not have any impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU 2012-2, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other”, which allows an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived asset is impaired for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test. This accounting standard update became effective for the
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Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2013 and did not have any impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-2, “Comprehensive Income”, which requires reclassification adjustments from other comprehensive income to be presented either in the financial statements or in the notes to the financial statements. The Company adopted this new guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2013 and included the required disclosures.
In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-4, “Obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation is fixed at the reporting date”. The update provides requirements for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of an entity’s reasonable expectation of its obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation is fixed at the reporting date. This guidance requires an entity to disclose the nature and amount of any such obligation, as well as other information about the obligation. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2013-04 will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of its 2014 fiscal year and should be applied prospectively.
In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-05, “Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon De-recognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity”. The ASU addresses accounting for a cumulative translation adjustment when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business within a foreign entity. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of its 2014 fiscal year and should be applied prospectively. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2013-05 will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, “Presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists”. Under certain circumstances, unrecognized tax benefits should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2014. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
NOTE 3: DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
On February 18, 2013, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Aurora pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell its cable access HFC business for $46.0 million in cash. On March 5, 2013, the sale transaction closed and the Company received gross proceeds of $46.0 million from the sale and recorded a net gain of $15.0 million in connection with the sale in the first quarter of fiscal 2013, adjusted by ($0.2) million in the second quarter of fiscal 2013, primarily related to adjustments on inventory and fixed assets sold to Aurora, for a net gain of $14.8 million.
In accordance with ASC 205 “Presentation of financial statements – Discontinued Operations”, a business is classified as a discontinued operation when: (i) the operations and cash flows of the business can be clearly distinguished and have been or will be eliminated from our ongoing operations; (ii) the business has either been disposed of or is classified as held for sale; and (iii) the Company will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the business after the disposal transactions.
On March 5, 2013, the Company entered into a transition services agreement (‘TSA”) with Aurora to provide contract manufacturing for up to five months and other various support, including providing order fulfillment, taking warranty calls, attending to product returns from customers, providing cost accounting analysis, receiving payments from customers and remitting such payments to Aurora for up to two months. The TSA fees are a fixed amount per month and were determined based on the Company’s estimated cost of delivering the transition services. In addition, on April 24, 2013, the Company and Aurora signed a sublease agreement for the Company’s Milpitas warehouse for the remaining period of the lease. The Company and Aurora later agreed to limit the services provided under the agreement to sales order processing support and quote support through May 2013, warehouse facilities support through July 2013, accounts payable support through June 2013, and accounts receivable collection support through October 2013, and the TSA fees were amended accordingly.
The Company determined that the cash flows generated from these transactions are both insignificant and are considered indirect cash flows. As a result, the sale of the cable access HFC business is appropriately presented as discontinued operations. The TSA billing to Aurora in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013 was $48,000 and $977,000, respectively, and it was recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations under income from continuing operations as an
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offset to the expenses incurred to deliver the transition services. The table below provides details on the income statement caption under which the TSA billing was recorded (in thousands):

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013
Product cost of revenue | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 577 |
Research and development | — |  |  | 21 |
Selling, general and administrative | 7 |  |  | 379 |
Total TSA billing to Aurora | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 977 |

Included within the “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” ending balance at September 27, 2013 on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet is $0.2 million in receivables from customers invoiced on Aurora’s behalf. Included within the “Accrued liabilities” ending balance at September 27, 2013 is $0.2 million due to Aurora primarily for invoicing to customers made on Aurora’s behalf. There is no outstanding payable to third party vendors on Aurora’s behalf and there is no outstanding receivable from Aurora for purchases made on its behalf, as the Company ceased making purchases on Aurora’s behalf at the end of May 2013.
The Company recorded a gain of $14.8 million for the nine months ended September 27, 2013, in connection with the sale of the cable access HFC business, calculated as follows (in thousands):

Gross Proceeds |  |  | $ | 46,000 |
Less : Carrying value of net assets |  |  |
Inventories, net | $ | 10,579 |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 612 |  |  |
Property and equipment, net | 1,180 |  |  |
Goodwill de-recognized | 14,547 |  |  |
Deferred revenue | (4,499 | ) |  |
Accrued liabilities | (939 | ) |  |
Total net assets sold and de-recognized |  |  | $ | 21,480 |
Less : Selling cost |  |  | $ | 2,473 |
Less : Tax effect |  |  | $ | 7,234 |
Gain on disposal, net of taxes |  |  | $ | 14,813 |

Since the Company has one reporting unit, upon the sale of the cable access HFC business, approximately $14.5 million of the carrying value of goodwill was allocated to the cable access HFC business based on the relative fair value of the cable access HFC business to the fair value of the Company. The remaining carrying value of goodwill was tested for impairment, and the Company determined that goodwill was not impaired as of March 29, 2013.
The results of operations associated with the cable access HFC business are presented as discontinued operations in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented. Revenue and the components of net income related to the discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012 were as follows:

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
Revenue | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | 16,291 |  |  | $ | 9,717 |  |  | $ | 38,147 |
Operating income | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 3,070 |  |  | $ | 669 |  |  | $ | 5,193 |
Less : provision for (benefit from) income taxes | 57 |  |  | 6,831 |  |  | (137 | ) |  | 3,855 |
Add : Gain (loss) on disposal, net of taxes | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | 14,813 |  |  | — |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | (3,761 | ) |  | $ | 15,619 |  |  | $ | 1,338 |

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NOTE 4: SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The following table summarizes the Company’s short-term investments (in thousands):

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
As of September 27, 2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State, municipal and local government agencies bonds | $ | 36,195 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 36,233 |
Corporate bonds | 32,376 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | 32,381 |
Commercial paper | 3,348 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,348 |
U.S. federal government bonds | 4,001 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,004 |
Total short-term investments | $ | 75,920 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | 75,966 |
As of December 31, 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | $ | 1,603 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,603 |
State, municipal and local government agencies bonds | 59,009 |  |  | 45 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 59,050 |
Corporate bonds | 31,568 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 31,562 |
Commercial paper | 10,287 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,288 |
U.S. federal government bonds | 2,003 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,003 |
Total short-term investments | $ | 104,470 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | 104,506 |

The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company’s short-term investments (in thousands):

| September 27, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Less than one year | $ | 50,782 |  |  | $ | 76,779 |
Due in 1 - 2 years | 25,184 |  |  | 27,727 |
Total short-term investments | $ | 75,966 |  |  | $ | 104,506 |

Realized gains and losses from the sale of investments for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012 were not material.
Impairment of Investments
The Company monitors its investment portfolio for impairment on a periodic basis. In the event that the carrying value of an investment exceeds its fair value and the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis for the investment is established. A decline of fair value below amortized costs of debt securities is considered other-than-temporary if the Company has the intent to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the entire amortized cost basis. At the present time, the Company does not intend to sell its investments that have unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss. In addition, the Company does not believe that it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell its investments that have unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss before the Company recovers the principal amounts invested. The Company believes that the unrealized losses are temporary and do not require an other-than-temporary impairment, based on its evaluation of available evidence as of September 27, 2013.
As of September 27, 2013, there were no individual available-for-sale securities in a material unrealized loss position and the amount of unrealized losses on the total investment balance was insignificant.
NOTE 5: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The applicable accounting guidance establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosure about the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities. This guidance requires the Company to classify and disclose assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as fair value measurements of assets and liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to initial measurement, in a three-tier fair value hierarchy as described below.
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The guidance defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.
Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

• | Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

• | Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. The Company primarily uses broker quotes for valuation of its short-term investments. The forward exchange contracts are classified as Level 2 because they are valued using quoted market prices and other observable data for similar instruments in an active market.

• | Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The Company uses the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. During the nine months ended September 27, 2013, there were no nonrecurring fair value measurements of assets and liabilities subsequent to initial recognition.
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The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
As of September 27, 2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 58,220 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58,220 |
Short-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State, municipal and local government agencies bonds | — |  |  | 36,233 |  |  | — |  |  | 36,233 |
Corporate bonds | — |  |  | 32,381 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,381 |
Commercial paper | — |  |  | 3,348 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,348 |
U.S. federal government bonds | 4,004 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,004 |
Prepaids and other current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Total assets measured and recorded at fair value | $ | 62,224 |  |  | $ | 71,967 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 134,191 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | 381 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 381 |
Total liabilities measured and recorded at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 381 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 381 |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
As of December 31, 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 54,923 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,923 |
Corporate bonds with maturity less than 90 days | — |  |  | 3,614 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,614 |
U.S. federal government bonds with maturity less than 90 days | 3,005 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,005 |
Short-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | — |  |  | 1,603 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,603 |
State, municipal and local government agencies bonds | — |  |  | 59,050 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,050 |
Corporate bonds | — |  |  | 31,562 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,562 |
Commercial paper | — |  |  | 10,288 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,288 |
U.S. federal government bonds | 2,003 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,003 |
Prepaids and other current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | — |  |  | 344 |  |  | — |  |  | 344 |
Total assets measured and recorded at fair value | $ | 59,931 |  |  | $ | 106,461 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 166,392 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 143 |
Total liabilities measured and recorded at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 143 |

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NOTE 6: BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS
The following tables provide details of selected balance sheet components (in thousands):

| September 27, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Accounts receivable, net: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | $ | 94,283 |  |  | $ | 95,515 |
Less: allowances for doubtful accounts, returns and discounts | (9,214 | ) |  | (9,595 | )
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 85,069 |  |  | $ | 85,920 |

Inventories: |  |  |
Raw materials | $ | 3,188 |  |  | $ | 10,731 |
Work-in-process | 1,378 |  |  | 4,347 |
Finished goods | 35,803 |  |  | 49,192 |
Total inventories | $ | 40,369 |  |  | $ | 64,270 |

Property and equipment, net: |  |  |
Furniture and fixtures | $ | 8,104 |  |  | $ | 7,856 |
Machinery and equipment | 111,182 |  |  | 108,262 |
Leasehold improvements | 7,686 |  |  | 7,612 |
Property and equipment, gross | 126,972 |  |  | 123,730 |
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | (91,421 | ) |  | (85,608 | )
Property and equipment, net | $ | 35,551 |  |  | $ | 38,122 |

NOTE 7: GOODWILL AND IDENTIFIED INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 27, 2013 are as follows (in thousands):

Balance at beginning of period | $ | 212,518 |
Reduction in goodwill associated with the sale of the cable access HFC Business | (14,547 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (15 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 197,956 |

The following is a summary of identified intangible assets (in thousands):

| September 27, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Identifiable intangibles: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Developed core technology | $ | 136,145 |  |  | $ | (116,918 | ) |  | $ | 19,227 |  |  | $ | 136,145 |  |  | $ | (102,449 | ) |  | $ | 33,696 |
Customer relationships/contracts | 67,098 |  |  | (52,381 | ) |  | 14,717 |  |  | 67,098 |  |  | (48,150 | ) |  | 18,948 |
Trademarks and tradenames | 11,361 |  |  | (10,210 | ) |  | 1,151 |  |  | 11,361 |  |  | (9,145 | ) |  | 2,216 |
Maintenance agreements and related relationships | 7,100 |  |  | (4,317 | ) |  | 2,783 |  |  | 7,100 |  |  | (3,513 | ) |  | 3,587 |
Total identifiable intangibles | $ | 221,704 |  |  | $ | (183,826 | ) |  | $ | 37,878 |  |  | $ | 221,704 |  |  | $ | (163,257 | ) |  | $ | 58,447 |

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Amortization expense for the identifiable purchased intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012 was allocated as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
Included in cost of revenue | $ | 4,763 |  |  | $ | 5,048 |  |  | $ | 14,470 |  |  | $ | 15,456 |
Included in operating expenses | 2,001 |  |  | 2,179 |  |  | 6,099 |  |  | 6,548 |
Total amortization expense | $ | 6,764 |  |  | $ | 7,227 |  |  | $ | 20,569 |  |  | $ | 22,004 |

The estimated future amortization expense of purchased intangible assets with definite lives is as follows (in thousands):

| Cost of Revenue |  | Operating Expenses |  | Total
Year ended December 31, |  |  |  |  |
2013 (remaining 3 months) | $ | 4,763 |  |  | $ | 1,997 |  |  | $ | 6,760 |
2014 | 13,745 |  |  | 6,775 |  |  | 20,520 |
2015 | 719 |  |  | 5,783 |  |  | 6,502 |
2016 | — |  |  | 4,096 |  |  | 4,096 |
2017 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total future amortization expense | $ | 19,227 |  |  | $ | 18,651 |  |  | $ | 37,878 |

NOTE 8: RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED CHARGES
Omneon Restructuring
The Company has restructuring accruals for excess lease facilities related to the closure of the Omneon headquarters in Sunnyvale, California. The accrual was based on future rent payments, net of expected sublease income, to be made through the end of the lease term in June 2013. The following table summarizes the activity in the Omneon restructuring accrual during the nine months ended September 27, 2013 (in thousands):

| Excess Facilities
Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 869 |
Cash payments | (897 | )
Accretion | 28 |
Balance at September 27, 2013 | — |

HFC Restructuring
As a result of the sale of the cable access HFC business in March 2013, the Company recorded $16,000 and $617,000 of restructuring charges under “Income from discontinued operations” in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, respectively. The restructuring charge for the nine months ended September 27, 2013 consisted of $522,000 of severance and benefits and $95,000 of contract termination costs. The severance and benefits are related to the termination of nine of the Company's employees by the Company as a result of the sale of the HFC business, and the reimbursement to Aurora, pursuant to the amended TSA, of severance payable by Aurora as a result of its subsequent termination of ten U.S. employees hired from the Company, in connection with Aurora's purchase of the HFC business. Three of the employees terminated by the Company were required to work to the end of the term of the TSA and, therefore, the Company recorded their severance ratably over their service period. The following table summarizes the activity in the HFC restructuring accrual during the nine months ended September 27, 2013 (in thousands):
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| Severance |  | Contract Termination |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restructuring charges in discontinued operations | 403 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 527 |
Adjustments to restructuring provisions | 119 |  |  | (29 | ) |  | 90 |
Cash payments | (492 | ) |  | (95 | ) |  | (587 | )
Balance at September 27, 2013 | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |

The Company anticipates that the remaining restructuring accrual balance of $30,000 will be paid out by the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013.
Harmonic 2013 Restructuring
The Company implemented a series of restructuring plans in fiscal 2013 to reduce costs and improve efficiencies. As a result, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $0.6 million and $1.5 million in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, respectively. For the nine months ended September 27, 2013, the restructuring charges consisted of severance and benefits of $1.2 million related to the termination of sixty-three employees worldwide. In addition, the Company wrote–down, to its estimated net realizable value, leasehold improvements and furniture related to its Milpitas warehouse by $149,000, and wrote-down inventory to reflect $151,000 of obsolete inventories arising from the restructuring of its Israel facilities. The following table summarizes the activity in the Harmonic 2013 restructuring accrual during the nine months ended September 27, 2013 (in thousands):

| Severance |  | Impairment of Leasehold Improvement |  | Obsolete inventories |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restructuring charges in continuing operations | 1,089 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 1,341 |
Adjustments to restructuring provisions | 66 |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 114 |
Cash payments | (1,060 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,060 | )
Non-cash write-offs | — |  |  | (149 | ) |  | (151 | ) |  | (300 | )
Balance at September 27, 2013 | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |

Of the restructuring charges in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, $530,000 is included in “Product cost of revenue” and the remaining $925,000 is included in “Operating expenses-restructuring and related charges” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company anticipates that the remaining restructuring accrual balance of $95,000 will be paid out or used by the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013.
NOTE 9: CREDIT FACILITIES
Harmonic has a bank line of credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank that provides for borrowings of up to $10.0 million and matures on August 22, 2014. As of September 27, 2013, other than standby letters of credit (Note 14), there were no amounts outstanding under the line of credit facility, and there were no borrowings during the nine months ended September 27, 2013. As of September 27, 2013, the amount available for borrowing under this facility, net of $0.2 million of standby letters of credit, was $9.8 million.
This facility, which became effective in August 2011 and was amended in August 2012, contains a financial covenant that requires Harmonic to maintain a ratio of unrestricted cash, accounts receivable and short term investments to current liabilities (less deferred revenue) of at least 1.75 to 1.00. As of September 27, 2013, the Company’s ratio under that covenant was 4.71 to 1. In the event of noncompliance by Harmonic with the covenants under the facility, including the financial covenant referenced above, Silicon Valley Bank would be entitled to exercise its remedies under the facility, including declaring all obligations immediately due and payable. As of September 27, 2013, Harmonic was in compliance with the covenants under the line of credit facility. Borrowings pursuant to the line would bear interest at the bank’s prime rate (3.25% at September 27, 2013,) or at LIBOR for the desired borrowing period (an annualized rate of 0.18% for a one month borrowing period at September 27, 2013) plus 1.75%, or 1.93%. Borrowings are not collateralized.
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NOTE 10: EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Harmonic grants stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) pursuant to stockholder approved equity incentive plans. These equity incentive plans are described in detail in Note 13, “Employee Benefit Plans”, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2012 Form 10-K
Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option and RSU unit activity during the nine months ended September 27, 2013 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  |  | Stock Options Outstanding |  | Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
| Shares Available for Grant |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Number of Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2012 | 10,155 |  |  | 8,900 |  |  | $ | 6.83 |  |  | 3,938 |  |  | $ | 6.44 |
Authorized | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Granted | (3,361 | ) |  | 1,360 |  |  | 5.81 |  |  | 1,333 |  |  | 5.84 |
Options exercised | — |  |  | (788 | ) |  | 4.15 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Shares released | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,622 | ) |  | 6.28 |
Forfeited or cancelled | 2,015 |  |  | (1,461 | ) |  | 6.92 |  |  | (418 | ) |  | 6.51 |
Balance at September 27, 2013 | 8,809 |  |  | 8,011 |  |  | $ | 6.90 |  |  | 3,231 |  |  | $ | 6.27 |

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of September 27, 2013 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Vested and expected to vest | 7,719 |  |  | $ | 6.94 |  |  | 3.3 |  | $ | 9,532 |
Exercisable | 5,604 |  |  | 7.27 |  |  | 2.3 |  | 5,516 |

The intrinsic value of options vested and expected to vest and exercisable as of September 27, 2013 is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of September 27, 2013. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013 was $1.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 28, 2012 was $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of options exercised is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of the exercise date.
The following table summarizes information about restricted stock units outstanding as of September 27, 2013 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Number of Shares Underlying Restricted Stock Units |  | Weighted Average Remaining Vesting Period (Years) |  | Aggregate Fair Value (1)
Vested and expected to vest | 2,934 |  |  | 0.9 |  | $ | 22,824 |

(1) | Represents the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of September 27, 2013, times the number of restricted stock units vested and expected to vest as of the same date.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) provides for the issuance of common stock purchase rights to employees of the Company. The ESPP is intended to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. The ESPP enables employees to purchase shares at 85% of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning or
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end of the offering period, whichever is lower. Offering periods generally begin on the first trading day on or after January 1 and July 1 of each year. Employees may participate through payroll deductions of 1% to 10% of their earnings. In the event that there are insufficient shares in the plan to fully fund the issuance, the available shares will be allocated across all participants based on their contributions relative to the total contributions received for the offering period.
There was a shortage of approved shares in the ESPP to fund the total employee contributions from January 2, 2013 to June 30, 2013. The shares available in the plan were sufficient to fund approximately 53% of the total contributions. As a result, the shares available were issued ratably to the participants based on each of their contributions during the offering period, relative to the total contributions received from all participants. The participants were refunded the remaining 47% of their contributions and the ESPP was suspended for the second half of 2013. The Company’s stockholders approved a 1,000,000 share increase in the authorized shares for the ESPP during the Company’s annual meeting on August 14, 2013, and contributions under the ESPP will resume in January 2014.
401-K Plan
Harmonic has a retirement/savings plan which qualifies as a thrift plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This plan allows participants to contribute up to the applicable Internal Revenue Code limitations under the plan. Harmonic has made discretionary contributions to the plan of 25% of the first 4% contributed by eligible participants, up to a maximum contribution per participant of $1,000 per year. Harmonic’s contributions were suspended from 2009 through 2012, but have been renewed, on the same basis, for 2013.
NOTE 11: STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based compensation expense consists primarily of expenses for stock options and restricted stock units granted to employees and shares issued under the ESPP. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense (in thousands):

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
Stock-based compensation in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | $ | 605 |  |  | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 1,838 |  |  | $ | 2,176 |
Research and development expense | 1,076 |  |  | 1,450 |  |  | 3,400 |  |  | 4,755 |
Selling, general and administrative expense | 2,264 |  |  | 2,388 |  |  | 6,628 |  |  | 6,816 |
Total stock-based compensation in operating expense | 3,340 |  |  | 3,838 |  |  | 10,028 |  |  | 11,571 |
Total stock-based compensation | $ | 3,945 |  |  | $ | 4,497 |  |  | $ | 11,866 |  |  | $ | 13,747 |

Stock Options
The Company estimated the fair value of all employee stock options using a Black-Scholes valuation model with the following weighted average assumptions:

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
Expected term (years) | 4.70 |  |  | 4.70 |  |  | 4.70 |  |  | 4.70 |
Volatility | 46 | % |  | 54 | % |  | 51 | % |  | 56 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 1.5 | % |  | 0.7 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  | 0.9 | %
Expected dividends | 0.0 | % |  | 0.0 | % |  | 0.0 | % |  | 0.0 | %

The expected term represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. The computation of the expected term was determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior. The Company uses its historical volatility for a period equivalent to the expected term of the options to estimate the expected volatility. The risk-free interest rate that the Company uses in the Black-Scholes option valuation model is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining terms similar to the expected term. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends
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and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, used an expected dividend yield of zero in the valuation model.
The Company is required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company uses historical data to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures and records stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. All stock-based payment awards are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods.
The weighted-average fair value per share of options granted was $3.02 and $1.89 for the three months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012, respectively. The weighted-average fair value per share of options granted was $2.51 and $2.66 for the nine months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012, respectively.
The fair value of all stock options vested during the three months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012 was $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The fair value of all stock options vested during the nine months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012 was $2.8 million and $3.8 million, respectively.
The total realized tax benefit attributable to stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 28, 2012, in jurisdictions where this expense is deductible for tax purposes, was $80,000. The Company did not recognize any tax benefit attributable to stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 27, 2013.
Restricted Stock Units
The estimated fair value of restricted stock units is based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of all restricted stock units issued during the three months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012 was $2.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively. The fair value of all restricted stock units issued during the nine months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012 was $10.2 million and $10.3 million, respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The value of the stock purchase rights under the ESPP consists of: (1) the 15% discount on the purchase of the stock; (2) 85% of the fair value of the call option; and (3) 15% of the fair value of the put option. The call option and put option were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

| Purchase Period Ending |  | Purchase Period Ending
| June 30, 2013 |  | June 30, 2012 |  | December 31, 2012
Expected term (years) | 0.49 |  |  | 0.50 |  |  | 0.50 |
Volatility | 30 | % |  | 53 | % |  | 46 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 0.2 | % |  | 0.2 | % |  | 0.2 | %
Expected dividends | 0.0 | % |  | 0.0 | % |  | 0.0 | %

The expected term represents the period of time from the beginning of the offering period to the purchase date. The Company uses its historical volatility for a period equivalent to the expected term of the options to estimate the expected volatility. The risk-free interest rate that the Company uses in the Black-Scholes option valuation model is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining terms similar to the expected term. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, used an expected dividend yield of zero in the valuation model.
The fair value per share of stock purchase rights under the ESPP granted for the purchase period ended June 30, 2013 and June 30, 2012, was $1.23 and $1.51, respectively. The fair value per share of stock purchase rights under the ESPP granted for the purchase period ended December 31, 2012 was $1.19. The ESPP is suspended for the second half of 2013 due to all authorized shares under the plan having been issued through the offering period ended June 30, 2013. The Company’s stockholders approved a 1,000,000 share increase in the authorized shares for the ESPP during the Company’s annual meeting on August 14, 2013, and contributions under the ESPP will resume in January 2014. As a result, the Company will not have any stock-based compensation expense in the second half of fiscal 2013 related to the ESPP.
Unrecognized Stock-Based Compensation
As of September 27, 2013, total unamortized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options and restricted stock units was $20.7 million. This amount will be recognized as expense using the straight-line attribution method over the remaining weighted-average amortization period of 2.0 years.
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NOTE 12: INCOME TAXES
The income tax provision includes federal, state and local and foreign income taxes and is based on the application of a forecasted annual income tax rate applied to the current quarter’s year-to-date pre-tax income (loss). In determining the estimated annual effective income tax rate, the Company estimates the annual impact of certain factors, including projections of the Company’s annual earnings, taxing jurisdictions in which the earnings will be generated, state and local income taxes, the Company’s ability to use tax credits and net operating loss carryforwards, and available tax planning alternatives. Discrete items, including the effect of changes in tax laws, tax rates, and certain circumstances with respect to valuation allowances or other unusual or non-recurring tax adjustments, are reflected in the period in which they occur as an addition to, or reduction from, the income tax provision, rather than being included in the estimated annual effective income tax rate.
For the nine months ended September 27, 2013, the difference between the recorded benefit from income taxes and the tax provision, based on the federal statutory rate of 35%, was primarily attributable to the net of various discrete items, non-deductible amortization on foreign intangibles, the differential in foreign tax rates, the federal research and development tax credit, and non-deductible stock-based compensation expense. The discrete items recorded in the first nine months of 2013 primarily related to the benefit associated with the reversal of previously recorded federal and, to a lesser extent, foreign income taxes as a result of the expiration of the applicable statutes of limitations in the U.S. for 2008 and 2009 and in foreign jurisdictions for various years, and the benefit associated with the reinstatement of the federal research and development tax credit for 2012, offset partially by the increase in the valuation allowance on the California research and development tax credit and accrued interest on uncertain tax positions.
For the nine months ended September 28, 2012, the difference between the recorded provision for income taxes and the tax provision, based on the federal statutory rate of 35%, was primarily attributable to the net of various discrete items, the differential in foreign tax rates, non-deductible stock-based compensation expense, and non-deductible amortization on foreign intangibles. The discrete items recorded in the first nine months of 2012 primarily related to the increase in the valuation allowance on the California research and development tax credit and accrued interest on uncertain tax positions, offset partially by the benefit associated with the reversal of previously recorded foreign income taxes due to the expiration of the statute of limitation in the foreign jurisdictions.
The Company files federal, state, and foreign income tax returns in jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations during which such tax returns may be audited and adjusted by the relevant tax authorities. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service has concluded its audit for the 2008 and 2009 tax years. In addition, the statute of limitations on the Company's 2008 and 2009 U.S. corporate income tax return expired in September 2013 and, as a result, in the third quarter of 2013, the Company recorded a discrete net tax benefit of $38.4 million related to the release of tax reserves for uncertain tax positions for those tax years. The 2010 through 2012 tax years generally remain subject to examination by federal and most state tax authorities. In significant foreign jurisdictions, the 2006 through 2012 tax years generally remain subject to examination by their respective tax authorities. In the third quarter of 2013, the Israeli tax authority concluded its audit of a subsidiary of the Company for the years 2007 through 2010, and a final settlement was made with the Israeli tax authority. The settlement did not have a material impact on the Company's overall tax expense, deferred tax assets realization, effective tax rate, operating results or cash flow.
In compliance with applicable guidance for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits, which include interest and penalties, of approximately $59.2 million as of December 31, 2012, and approximately $22.3 million as of September 27, 2013. If all of the unrecognized tax benefits at September 27, 2013 were recognized, the entire amount would impact the provision for income taxes. The unrecognized tax benefits may decrease significantly within the next 12 months if a related statute of limitations that is currently set to expire during that period is not extended.
The realization of our deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient U.S and foreign taxable income in the future to offset against those assets. We may not have sufficient taxable income in the future to determine that we will be able to realize some significant portion of our deferred tax assets. As a result, an additional valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets may be required in the period in which such a determination is made, and our operating results could be materially and adversely impacted in the period of adjustment.
The Company recognizes interest and possible penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. During the nine months ended September 27, 2013, as a result of the expiration of the applicable statutes of limitations in the U.S. for 2008 and 2009 and in foreign jurisdictions for various years, the Company recorded a net decrease of $5.8 million for interest and possible penalties related to uncertain tax positions, resulting in a balance at September 27, 2013 of $1.4 million.
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NOTE 13: INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 36,675 |  |  | $ | (4,469 | ) |  | $ | 23,768 |  |  | $ | (17,079 | )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | 91 |  |  | (3,761 | ) |  | 15,619 |  |  | 1,338 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 36,766 |  |  | $ | (8,230 | ) |  | $ | 39,387 |  |  | $ | (15,741 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 101,144 |  |  | 116,517 |  |  | 108,695 |  |  | 116,946 |
Effect of dilutive securities from stock options, restricted stock units and ESPP | 1,579 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,184 |  |  | — |
Diluted | 102,723 |  |  | 116,517 |  |  | 109,879 |  |  | 116,946 |
Basic net income (loss) per share from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (0.15 | )
Discontinued operations | $ | — |  |  | (0.03 | ) |  | 0.14 |  |  | 0.01 |
Net Income (loss) | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.07 | ) |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )
Diluted net income (loss) per share from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (0.15 | )
Discontinued operations | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |
Net Income (loss) | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.07 | ) |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )

The following table sets forth the potentially dilutive shares from stock options, restricted stock units and the ESPP, for the periods presented, that were excluded from the net income (loss) per share computations because their effect was anti-dilutive (in thousands):

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
Potentially dilutive equity awards outstanding | 6,144 |  |  | 13,608 |  |  | 10,447 |  |  | 13,382 |

NOTE 14: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Leases
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of September 27, 2013, after giving effect to $0.5 million of future sublease income from Aurora, are as follows (in thousands):

Years ending December 31, |
2013 (remaining three months) | $ | 2,645 |
2014 | 9,600 |
2015 | 9,047 |
2016 | 7,811 |
2017 | 7,659 |
Thereafter | 21,157 |
Total | $ | 57,919 |

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Warranties
The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs at the time of product shipment. Management periodically reviews the estimated fair value of its warranty liability and records adjustments based on the terms of warranties provided to customers, historical and anticipated warranty claims experience, and estimates of the timing and cost of warranty claims. Activity for the Company’s warranty accrual, which is included in accrued liabilities, is summarized below (in thousands):

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 3,228 |  |  | $ | 4,725 |  |  | $ | 4,292 |  |  | $ | 5,558 |
Transfer to Aurora as part of the sale of discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | (939 | ) |  | — |
Accrual for current period warranties | 1,991 |  |  | 1,314 |  |  | 5,333 |  |  | 4,407 |
Warranty costs incurred | (1,705 | ) |  | (1,677 | ) |  | (5,172 | ) |  | (5,603 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 3,514 |  |  | $ | 4,362 |  |  | $ | 3,514 |  |  | $ | 4,362 |

Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Other Suppliers
The Company relies on a limited number of contract manufacturers and suppliers to provide manufacturing services for a substantial majority of its products. In addition, some components, sub-assemblies and modules are obtained from a sole supplier or limited group of suppliers. During the normal course of business, in order to reduce manufacturing lead times and ensure adequate component supply, the Company enters into agreements with certain contract manufacturers and suppliers that allow them to procure inventory based upon criteria as defined by the Company. The Company had approximately $20.8 million of non-cancelable purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and other suppliers as of September 27, 2013.
Standby Letters of Credit
As of September 27, 2013, the Company’s financial guarantees consisted of standby letters of credit outstanding, which were principally related to performance bonds and state requirements imposed on employers. The maximum amount of potential future payments under these arrangements was $0.2 million as of September 27, 2013.
Indemnification
Harmonic is obligated to indemnify its officers and the members of its Board of Directors pursuant to its bylaws and contractual indemnity agreements. Harmonic also indemnifies some of its suppliers and most of its customers for specified intellectual property matters pursuant to certain contractual arrangements, subject to certain limitations. The scope of these indemnities varies, but, in some instances, includes indemnification for damages and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees). There have been no amounts accrued in respect of these indemnification provisions through September 27, 2013.
Guarantees
The Company has $0.5 million of guarantees in Israel as of September 27, 2013, with the majority relating to rent obligations for buildings used by its Israeli subsidiaries.
Legal proceedings
In October 2011, Avid Technology, Inc. (“Avid”) filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that Harmonic’s Media Grid product infringes two patents held by Avid. A jury trial on this initial complaint is scheduled for January 2014. In June 2012, Avid served a subsequent complaint alleging that Harmonic’s Spectrum product infringes one patent held by Avid. In September 2013, the U.S. Patent Trial and Appeal Board authorized an inter partes review to be instituted as to claims of the patent asserted in this second complaint. The complaints seek injunctive relief and unspecified damages.
In November 2012, FastVDO served a lawsuit on Harmonic, alleging infringement of a patent allegedly essential to the H.264 standard and that Harmonic encoders, transcoders, software and servers that use H.264 infringe their patent. The complaint seeks injunctive relief and unspecified damages.
At this time, the Company cannot predict the outcome of the above matters.
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An unfavorable outcome on the Avid matters or the FastVDO matter referenced above or any other litigation matter could require that Harmonic pay substantial damages, or, in connection with any intellectual property infringement claims, could require that the Company pay ongoing royalty payments or could prevent the Company from selling certain of its products. As a result, a settlement of, or an unfavorable outcome on, any of such matters could have a material adverse effect on Harmonic’s business, operating results, financial position and cash flows.
Harmonic’s industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. From time to time, third parties have asserted, and may in the future assert, exclusive patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights against us or the Company’s customers. Such assertions arise in the normal course of the Company’s operations. The resolution of any such assertions and claims cannot be predicted with certainty.
NOTE 15: STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):

| September 27, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Foreign currency translation adjustments | $ | (510 | ) |  | $ | (502 | )
Unrealized gain on investments | 43 |  |  | 37 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (467 | ) |  | $ | (465 | )

Common Stock Repurchases
On January 28, 2013, our Board of Directors approved a $75 million increase to our existing $25 million stock repurchase program. On February 19, 2013, the Board approved a further $35 million increase to the program upon the closing of a sale of the Company’s cable access HFC business, which closed on March 5, 2013. On July 16, 2013, the Board authorized repurchasing an additional $85.0 million under the Company’s stock repurchase program, increasing the aggregate authorized amount to $220 million under the ongoing program. Under the program, the Company is authorized to repurchase shares of common stock in open market transactions or pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The timing and actual number of shares repurchased, if any, depends on a variety of factors, including the price and availability of our shares, trading volume and general market conditions. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.
During the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, the Company repurchased and retired 1.1 million and 4.5 million shares of common stock for $7.7 million and $27.6 million, respectively, under this program. As part of the stock repurchase program, on May 24, 2013, the Company completed a “modified Dutch auction” tender offer and repurchased and retired an additional 12.0 million shares of its common stock at $6.25 per share. The total cost of the stock repurchase under the tender offer was approximately $76.0 million, including $1.0 million of fees and expenses. The Company charges the excess of cost over par value for the repurchase of its common stock to additional paid-in capital. As of September 27, 2013, approximately $125.2 million had been utilized to repurchase stock under the program, including under the Company's tender offer, which closed on May 24, 2013, and approximately $94.8 million was available for future purchases under the program.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The terms “Harmonic,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “its,” and “our,” as used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”), refer to Harmonic Inc. and its subsidiaries and its predecessors as a combined entity, except where the context requires otherwise.
Some of the statements contained in this Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties. The statements contained in this Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as, “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding:
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• | developing trends and demands in the markets we address, particularly emerging markets;

• | economic conditions, particularly in certain geographies, and in financial markets;

• | new and future products and services;

• | capital spending of our customers;

• | our strategic direction, future business plans and growth strategy;

• | industry and customer consolidation;

• | expected demand for and benefits of our products and services;

• | the impact of the possibility that the U.S. government will fail to timely raise its debt limit;

• | seasonality of revenue and concentration of revenue sources;

• | the potential impact of our continuing stock repurchase plan;

• | potential future acquisitions and dispositions;

• | anticipated results of potential or actual litigation;

• | our competitive environment;

• | the impact of governmental regulation;

• | the impact of uncertain economic times and markets;

• | anticipated revenue and expenses, including the sources of such revenue and expenses;

• | expected impacts of changes in accounting rules;

• | use of cash, cash needs and ability to raise capital; and

• | the condition of our cash investments.

These statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, any of which may cause our actual results to differ materially from those implied by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that may cause actual results to differ from expectations include those discussed in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 34 of this Form 10-Q. All forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-Q are based on information available to us on the date thereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.
OVERVIEW
We design, manufacture and sell versatile and high performance video infrastructure products and system solutions. We enable our customers to efficiently create, prepare and deliver a full range of video services to consumer devices, including televisions, personal computers, tablets and mobile phones. Our products generally fall into three principal categories; video production platforms and playout solutions, video processing solutions and cable edge solutions. We also provide technical support services and professional services to our customers worldwide.
On March 5, 2013, the Company completed the sale of its cable access HFC business to Aurora Networks (“Aurora”) for $46 million in cash. The Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations have been retrospectively adjusted to present the cable access HFC business as discontinued operations, as described in “Note 3, Discontinued Operations”. Unless noted otherwise, all discussions herein with respect to the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements relate to the Company’s continuing operations.
The principal markets we serve are cable television companies, direct broadcast satellite system companies, telecommunications companies, or “telcos”, broadcaster and media companies, as well as, more recently, emerging streaming media providers, that create video programming or offer video-based infrastructure. Historically, a majority of our revenue has been derived from relatively few customers, due in part to the consolidation of the ownership of cable television and direct broadcast satellite system companies. Sales to our ten largest customers in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013 accounted for approximately 38% and 33%, respectively, of our revenue, compared to 40% and 38%, respectively, for the same periods in 2012.
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Although we are attempting to broaden our customer base by penetrating new markets and further expanding internationally, we expect to see continuing industry consolidation and customer concentration. During the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, revenue from Comcast accounted for 16% and 12%, respectively, of our revenue, compared to 12% and 13%, respectively, for the same periods in 2012.
In the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, we recognized revenue of $123 million and $342 million, respectively, compared to $120 million and $359 million, respectively, in the same periods in 2012. Our international sales, which had been growing at a faster pace than our domestic sales in prior periods, decreased 1% and 3%, in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, as compared to the same periods in 2012. Our international sales represented 56% of our revenue in each of the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to 58% and 54% of our total revenue in the same periods in 2012. Domestic sales increased by 6% in the three months ended September 27, 2013, as compared to the same period in 2012, but decreased 7% in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, as compared to the same period in 2012. We expect that international sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our net revenue for the foreseeable future, and expect that, due to sales to emerging markets in particular, our international revenue may increase as a percentage of our total net revenue from year to year.
Historically, our revenue has been dependent upon capital spending in the cable, satellite, telco and broadcast industries. More recently, we also have derived revenue from media companies, including streaming media providers. Industry consolidation has in the past constrained, and may in the future constrain, capital spending by our customers. If our product portfolio and product development plans do not position us well to capture an increased portion of the capital spending of customers in the markets on which we focus, our revenue may decline. As we attempt to further diversify our customer base in these markets, we may need to continue to build alliances with other equipment manufacturers and content providers, adapt our products for new applications, take orders at prices resulting in lower margins, and build internal expertise to handle the particular contractual and technical demands of the media market, which could result in higher operating costs. Implementation issues with our products or those of other vendors have caused in the past, and may cause in the future, delays in project completion for our customers and delay our recognition of revenue.
Our quarterly revenue has been, and may continue to be, affected by seasonal buying patterns. Typically, revenue in the first quarter of the year is seasonally lower than other quarters, as our customers often are still finalizing their annual budget and capital spending projections for the year. Further, we often recognize a substantial portion of our quarterly revenues in the last month of each quarter. We establish our expenditure levels for product development and other operating expenses based on projected revenue levels for a specified period, and expenses are relatively fixed in the short term. Accordingly, even small variations in timing of revenue, particularly from large individual transactions, can cause significant fluctuations in operating results in a particular quarter.
The impact of economic conditions on certain of our customers and changes in our customers’ deployment plans have adversely affected our business in the past. In 2010, economic conditions in many of the countries in which we sell products were very weak, and global economic conditions and financial markets experienced a severe downturn. The downturn stemmed from a multitude of factors, including adverse credit conditions, slower economic activity, concerns about inflation and deflation, rapid changes in foreign exchange rates, increased energy costs, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns. Although there was an increase in global economic activity in the second half of 2010 and the first half of 2011, economic growth appears to have become sluggish in some geographies, and weak in other geographies, since the middle of 2011. Further, economic growth is expected to be sluggish or weak in some geographies during the balance of 2013 and perhaps beyond. If an economic downturn were to occur in the future, customers may delay or reduce capital expenditures, which, in turn, often results in lower demand for our products.
As part of our business strategy, (1) from time to time we have acquired, and continue to consider acquiring, businesses, technologies, assets and product lines that we believe complement or may expand our existing business, and (2) from time to time we consider divesting a product line that we believe may no longer complement or expand our existing business. In September 2010, we completed the acquisition of Omneon, Inc., a company specializing in file-based infrastructure for the production, preparation and playout of video content typically deployed by broadcasters, satellite operators, content owners and other media companies. Omneon’s business was complementary to Harmonic’s core business, and expanded our customer reach into content providers and extended our product lines into video servers and video-optimized storage for content production and playout. In February 2013, we entered into an agreement to sell our cable access HFC business to Aurora Networks, and the transaction closed in March 2013. See Note 3, “Discontinued Operations” of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES, JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATES
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There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates, during the nine months ended September 27, 2013, from those disclosed in our 2012 Form 10-K.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Revenue
Net Revenue by Product Line
Harmonic’s consolidated net revenue, by product line, for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012, are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage change in consolidated net revenue, by product line, in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, as compared to the same periods in 2012.

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
| (In thousands, except percentages)
Revenue by type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Video processing products | $ | 58,047 |  |  | $ | 49,899 |  |  | $ | 163,362 |  |  | $ | 161,880 |
Production and playout products | 19,976 |  |  | 23,786 |  |  | 63,543 |  |  | $ | 65,327 |
Cable edge products | 20,690 |  |  | 24,196 |  |  | 51,060 |  |  | $ | 73,524 |
Service and support | 24,205 |  |  | 22,510 |  |  | 63,753 |  |  | $ | 58,159 |
Net revenue | $ | 122,918 |  |  | $ | 120,391 |  |  | $ | 341,718 |  |  | $ | 358,890 |
Increase (Decrease): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Video processing products | $ | 8,148 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,482 |  |  |
Production and playout products | (3,810 | ) |  |  |  | (1,784 | ) |  |
Cable edge products | (3,506 | ) |  |  |  | (22,464 | ) |  |
Service and support | 1,695 |  |  |  |  | 5,594 |  |  |
Total increase (decrease) | $ | 2,527 |  |  |  |  | $ | (17,172 | ) |  |
Percent change: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Video processing products | 16 | % |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |
Production and playout products | (16 | )% |  |  |  | (3 | )% |  |
Cable edge products | (14 | )% |  |  |  | (31 | )% |  |
Service and support | 8 | % |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |
Total percent change | 2 | % |  |  |  | (5 | )% |  |

The 16% increase in our video processing revenue in the three months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, was primarily due to increased sales of our encoder and decoder products in the U.S. and international broadcast and media markets. The 16% decrease in production and playout revenues was due principally to lower sales of our playout servers in the Asia Pacific region and the Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) region in the three months ended September 27, 2013. The 14% decrease in our cable edge revenue in the three months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, was primarily attributable to the softness in the U.S. Pay TV service provider market, as it appears that some providers are looking ahead to the availability of new technologies, including converged cable access platform (“CCAP”) enabled products. The 8% increase in our service and support revenues in the three months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, was primarily due to the recognition of service revenue from a multi-million dollar long-term project in the third quarter of 2013. Service and support revenues are derived primarily from maintenance contracts, but also include professional and integration services and training.
The 1% increase in our video processing revenue in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, was primarily due to the increased sales of our encoder and decoder products, principally in the broadcast and media market. The 3% decrease in production and playout revenue was due to lower sales of our playout servers in the Asia Pacific region, offset partially by increased production and playout revenue in the U.S. and the EMEA region, in the nine months ended
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September 27, 2013. The 31% decrease in our cable edge revenue in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, was primarily attributable to the softness in the U.S. Pay TV service provider market, as it appears that some of the providers are looking ahead to the availability of new technologies, including CCAP enabled products. The 10% increase in our service and support revenues in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, was driven by a higher subscription base from new maintenance contracts, as well as renewed maintenance contracts across all regions, and the recognition of service revenue from a multi-million dollar long-term contract in the third quarter of 2013.
Net Revenue by Geographic Region
Harmonic’s domestic and international net revenue in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared with the corresponding periods in 2012, are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage change in domestic and international net revenue, in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, from the corresponding periods in 2012.

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
| (In thousands, except percentages)
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 53,878 |  |  | $ | 50,675 |  |  | $ | 151,848 |  |  | $ | 163,476 |
International | 69,040 |  |  | 69,716 |  |  | 189,870 |  |  | 195,414 |
Total | $ | 122,918 |  |  | $ | 120,391 |  |  | $ | 341,718 |  |  | $ | 358,890 |
Increase (Decrease): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 3,203 |  |  |  |  | $ | (11,628 | ) |  |
International | (676 | ) |  |  |  | (5,544 | ) |  |
Total increase (decrease) | $ | 2,527 |  |  |  |  | $ | (17,172 | ) |  |
Percent change: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | 6 | % |  |  |  | (7 | )% |  |
International | (1 | )% |  |  |  | (3 | )% |  |
Total percent change | 2 | % |  |  |  | (5 | )% |  |

U.S. net revenue increased 6% in the three months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the three months ended September 28, 2012, and it decreased 7% in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012. The increase in U.S. net revenue in the three months ended September 27, 2013 was primarily due to increased sales of our encoder and decoder products to broadcast and media customers, offset partially by a decrease in U.S. revenue from cable customers. The decrease in U.S. revenue for the nine month period was principally due to a decrease in our U.S. cable edge revenue, which was primarily attributable to the softness in the U.S. Pay TV service provider market, as it appears that some of the providers are looking ahead to the availability of new technologies, including CCAP enabled products. This decrease was offset partially by increased sales of our encoder and decoder products to broadcast and media customers.
International net revenue decreased 1% and 3%, respectively, in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012. The decrease in international net revenue in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the corresponding periods in 2012, was primarily due to decreased demand in Canada and the Asia Pacific region and, to a lesser extent, the Central and Latin America region, offset partially by increased revenue in the EMEA region. The decrease in Canada revenue was mainly with respect to our cable edge products due to the softness in the Pay TV service providers market, as it appears that some of the providers are looking ahead to the availability of new technologies, including CCAP enabled products, and, to a lesser extent, our video processing products. The decrease in Asia Pacific revenue was primarily with respect to our production and playout products, as we saw a reduction in capital spending in that region for those products. In EMEA, we saw some recovery across almost all our product lines in the nine months ended September 27, 2013. In addition, we recognized revenue from a multi-million dollar, long-term European project in the third quarter of 2013. We expect that international sales will continue to account for a significant percentage of our net revenue in 2013 and for the foreseeable future.
Gross Profit
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Harmonic’s gross profit and gross profit as a percentage of net revenue (“gross margin”), in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, as compared to the corresponding period in 2012, are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage changes in gross profit in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, from the corresponding periods in 2012.

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
| (In thousands, except percentages)
Gross profit | $ | 56,792 |  |  | $ | 54,878 |  |  | $ | 160,849 |  |  | $ | 160,421 |
As a percentage of net revenue (“gross margin”) | 46 | % |  | 46 | % |  | 47 | % |  | 45 | %
Increase | $ | 1,914 |  |  |  |  | $ | 428 |  |  |
Percent change | 3 | % |  |  |  | — | % |  |

Gross margin was 46% in both the three months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012. Gross margin in the three months ended September 27, 2013 was positively impacted by our gross margin improvement efforts and a favorable shift in the mix of product sold between the periods. These positive impacts were offset by lower margin from a multi-million dollar, long-term project that was recognized in the third quarter of 2013.
Gross margin was 47% in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to 45% in the corresponding period in 2012. This 2% increase in gross margin was primarily due to the positive impact of a shift between the periods in the mix of products sold. In addition, gross margin for cable edge products in the second quarter of 2013 was higher than the corresponding period in 2012, as we sold more software licenses with these products in the second quarter of 2013. These positive impacts were partially offset by lower margin from a multi-million dollar, long-term European project that was recognized in the third quarter of 2013.
In the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, $4.8 million and $14.5 million of amortization of intangibles was included in cost of revenue, compared to $5.0 million and $15.5 million, respectively, in the corresponding periods in 2012.
Research and Development
Harmonic’s research and development expense, and the expense as a percentage of net revenue, in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, as compared with the corresponding periods in 2012, are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage changes in research and development expense in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, from the corresponding periods in 2012.

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
| (In thousands, except percentages)
Research and development | $ | 24,560 |  |  | $ | 25,586 |  |  | $ | 75,631 |  |  | $ | 77,205 |
As a percentage of net revenue | 20 | % |  | 21 | % |  | 22 | % |  | 22 | %
Decrease | $ | (1,026 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (1,574 | ) |  |
Percent change | (4 | )% |  |  |  | (2 | )% |  |

The 4% decrease in research and development expense in the three months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the corresponding period in 2012, was primarily due to decreased employee compensation expense of $0.7 million, mainly due to reduction in headcount, and decreased stock-based compensation expense of $0.4 million. In addition, the research and development expenses in the three months ended September 28, 2012 included $0.3 million of expenses resulting from the adjustments from our California sales and use tax audit and property tax audit for prior years. These decreases in research and development expenses in the three months ended September 27, 2013 were offset partially by increased expenses on consulting and outside engineering services of $0.4 million, primarily related to our product development efforts.
The 2% decrease in research and development expense in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the corresponding period in 2012, was primarily the result of decreased stock-based compensation expense of $1.5 million, net decreased employee compensation expense of $0.9 million, mainly due to reduction in headcount, and decreased prototype expenses of $0.7 million, primarily due to the timing of our development projects and ongoing evolution of our product
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roadmap. In addition, the research and development expenses in the three months ended September 28, 2012 included $0.3 million of expenses resulting from the adjustments from our California sales and use tax audit and property tax audit for prior years. These decreases in research and development expenses in the nine months ended September 27, 2013 were offset partially by increased expenses on consulting and outside engineering services of $1.9 million, primarily related to our product development efforts.
Selling, General and Administrative
Harmonic’s selling, general and administrative expense, and the expense as a percentage of net revenue, in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, as compared with the corresponding periods in 2012, are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage change in selling, general and administrative expense in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, from the corresponding periods in 2012.

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
| (In thousands, except percentages)
Selling, general and administrative | $ | 32,527 |  |  | $ | 31,132 |  |  | $ | 100,220 |  |  | $ | 93,862 |
As a percentage of net revenue | 26 | % |  | 26 | % |  | 29 | % |  | 26 | %
Increase | $ | 1,395 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,358 |  |  |
Percent change | 4 | % |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |

The 4% increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in the three months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the corresponding period of 2012, was primarily the result of increased employee compensation expense of $1.0 million, principally due to an increase in headcount, and increased depreciation of $0.6 million related to an increased number of demo equipment.
The 7% increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the corresponding period of 2012, was primarily the result of increased employee compensation expense of $4.3 million, principally due to an increase in headcount and increased bonus expense, increased legal fees of $2.1 million, driven mainly by the legal proceedings with Avid Technology, increased depreciation of $1.3 million related to an increased number of demo equipment, and advisory and legal costs of $0.7 million related to shareholder activist activity in the second quarter of 2013. This increase was offset partially and principally by decreased other professional fees and outside services, mainly related to accounting and tax planning consultation services, and decreased software and license subscriptions, aggregating $1.7 million.
Amortization of Intangibles
Harmonic’s amortization of intangible assets charged to operating expenses, and the amortization of intangible assets as a percentage of net revenue, in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, as compared with the corresponding periods in 2012, are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage changes in amortization of intangible assets in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, from the corresponding periods in 2012.

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
| (In thousands, except percentages)
Amortization of intangibles | $ | 2,001 |  |  | $ | 2,179 |  |  | $ | 6,099 |  |  | $ | 6,548 |
As a percentage of net revenue | 2 | % |  | 2 | % |  | 2 | % |  | 2 | %
Decrease | $ | (178 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (449 | ) |  |
Percent change | (8 | )% |  |  |  | (7 | )% |  |

The decrease in amortization of intangibles expense in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the corresponding periods in 2012, was primarily due to certain purchased intangible assets becoming fully amortized.
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Restructuring and Related Charges
We implemented a series of restructuring plans in 2013 to reduce costs and improve efficiencies. As a result, we recorded restructuring charges of $0.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013. For the nine months ended September 27, 2013, the restructuring charges consisted of severance and benefits of $1.2 million related to the termination of 63 employees worldwide. In addition, we wrote-down, to its estimated net realizable value, leasehold improvements and furniture related to our Milpitas warehouse by $149,000 and wrote-down inventory to reflect $151,000 of obsolete inventories arising from the restructuring of our Israel facilities. Of the restructuring charges in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, $530,000 is included in “Product cost of revenue” and the remaining $925,000 is included in “Operating expenses-restructuring and related charges” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Interest Income, Net
Interest income, net was $47,000 and $141,000, respectively, in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, as compared to $128,000 and $363,000, respectively, in the corresponding periods in 2012. The decrease in interest income, net was primarily due to a lower average balance of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments during the current three and nine month periods and to a decrease in the rate of return on such investments, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2012.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net is primarily comprised of foreign exchange gains and losses on cash, accounts receivable and intercompany balances denominated in currencies other than the U.S dollar. In the three months ended September 27, 2013, other income, net was $0.2 million, compared to $0.2 million of other expense, net in the same period in 2012. The increase in other income was primarily due to favorable foreign exchange impacts in the three months ended September 27, 2013, as compared to the same period in 2012.
In the nine months ended September 27, 2013, other expense, net was $0.1 million, compared to $0.1 million of other income, net in the corresponding period in 2012. The decrease in other income, net in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, was primarily due to a one-time $0.2 million reimbursement, in the first quarter of 2012, of certain legal and tax claims associated with the acquisition of Omneon for which the Omneon shareholders had provided indemnification
Income Taxes
Harmonic’s provision for (benefit from) income taxes, and provision for (benefit from) income taxes as a percentage of net revenue, in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage changes in provision for (benefit from) income taxes in the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013, from the corresponding periods in 2012.

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012 |  | September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
| (In thousands, except percentages)
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes | $ | (38,953 | ) |  | $ | 414 |  |  | $ | (45,723 | ) |  | $ | 367 |
As a percentage of net revenue | (32 | )% |  | — | % |  | (13 | )% |  | — | %
Increase in benefit from income taxes | $ | (39,367 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (46,090 | ) |  |
Percent change | (9,509 | )% |  |  |  | (12,559 | )% |  |

For the three months ended September 27, 2013, we recorded a benefit from income taxes of $39.0 million, compared to a provision for income taxes of $0.4 million for the same period a year ago, inclusive of discrete items. The increase in the benefit from income taxes in the three months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, was primarily attributable to the net benefit related to the release of tax reserves for uncertain tax positions as a result of the expiration of the statute of limitations for our 2008 and 2009 tax years in the U.S. in the third quarter of 2013.
For the nine months ended September 27, 2013, we recorded a benefit from income taxes of $45.7 million, compared to a provision for income taxes of $0.4 million for the same period a year ago, inclusive of discrete items. The increase in the
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benefit from income taxes in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, was primarily attributable to the net benefit related to the release of tax reserves for uncertain tax positions as a result of the expiration of the statute of limitations for our 2008 and 2009 tax years in the U.S. in the third quarter of 2013, the reinstatement of the federal research and development tax credit retroactively to January 1, 2012, and an increase in loss from continuing operations, principally in the first quarter of fiscal 2013.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 27, 2013, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $93.3 million, and our short-term investments totaled $76.0 million. A substantial majority of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are held in accounts in the United States. We believe that these funds are sufficient to meet the requirements of our operations for the next twelve months, as well as any stock repurchases under our present stock repurchase program.
In the event we need or desire to access funds from the short-term investments that we hold, it is possible that we may not be able to do so due to adverse market conditions. Our inability to sell all or a material portion of our short-term investments at par or our cost, or rating downgrades of issuers of these securities, could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition. Nevertheless, we believe that our existing liquidity sources will satisfy our presently contemplated cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, if our expectations are incorrect, we may need to raise additional funds to fund our operations, to take advantage of unanticipated opportunities or to strengthen our financial position.
We have a bank line of credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank that provides for borrowings of up to $10.0 million and matures on August 22, 2014. As of September 27, 2013, there were no amounts outstanding under the line of credit facility and there were no borrowings during the nine months ended September 27, 2013. As of September 27, 2013, the amount available for borrowing under this facility, net of $0.2 million of standby letters of credit, was $9.8 million. Future borrowings pursuant to the line would bear interest at the bank’s prime rate (3.25% at September 27, 2013) or at LIBOR for the desired borrowing period (an annualized rate of 0.18% for a one month borrowing period at September 27, 2013) plus 1.75%, or 1.93%. Borrowings are not collateralized. This facility contains a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a ratio of unrestricted cash, accounts receivable and short term investments to current liabilities (less deferred revenue) of at least 1.75 to 1.00. As of September 27, 2013, the ratio under that covenant was 4.71 to 1. In the event of noncompliance by us with the covenants under the facility, including the financial covenant referenced above, Silicon Valley Bank would be entitled to exercise its remedies under the facility, including declaring all obligations immediately due and payable.
From time to time, we may consider potential acquisitions that would complement our existing product offerings, enhance our technical capabilities or expand our marketing and sales presence. Any future transaction of this nature could require potentially significant amounts of capital or could require us to issue our stock and dilute existing stockholders.
In addition, our ability to raise funds may be adversely affected by a number of factors relating to Harmonic, as well as factors beyond our control, including any global or regional economic slowdown, market uncertainty surrounding the necessary increases in the U.S. debt limit and its future debt obligations, the impact of increases in oil prices and conditions in financial markets and the industries we serve. There can be no assurance that any financing will be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
If, from time to time, adequate financing is not available, or is not available on acceptable terms, to us, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, to develop new products or to otherwise respond to competitive pressures.
The table below sets forth selected cash flow data for the periods presented (in thousands):

| Nine months ended
| September 27, 2013 |  | September 28, 2012
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 35,134 |  |  | $ | 50,146 |
Investing activities | 59,692 |  |  | (28,611 | )
Financing activities | (98,141 | ) |  | (9,386 | )
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash | (25 | ) |  | 103 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (3,340 | ) |  | $ | 12,252 |

Operating Activities
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Net cash provided by operations in the nine months ended September 27, 2013 was $35.1 million, resulting from a net income of $39.4 million, adjusted for $24.8 million in non-cash gains and charges, and a $29.0 million decrease in cash associated with the net change in operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash gains and charges principally included amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation, depreciation, deferred income taxes, and provisions for excess and obsolete inventories, doubtful accounts, returns and discounts, and a $14.8 million gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax. The net change in operating assets and liabilities included decreases in income tax payable, accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities, which were offset partially by decreases in inventories, prepaid expenses and other assets, as well as an increase in deferred revenue. The decrease in income tax payable was primarily due to the reversal of previously recorded federal income tax reserves as a result of the expiration of statutes of limitations for our 2008 and 2009 tax years in the U.S. in the third quarter of 2013. The decrease in accrued and other liabilities reflected the settlement of the U.S. employee accrued paid time off benefit balance of $4.5 million in April 2013, as we implemented a new employee time off program and, as a result, are no longer required to accrue for employee time off benefits in the U.S. In addition, there was no ESPP contributions as of September 27, 2013, as the plan was suspended for the second half of 2013. The decrease in inventory was primarily due to lower purchases resulting from sale of the cable access HFC business and our efforts to better optimize our supply chain.
Net cash provided by operations in the nine months ended September 28, 2012 was $50.1 million, resulting from a net loss of $15.7 million, adjusted for $54.0 million in non-cash charges and a $11.8 million increase in cash associated with operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges principally included amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation, depreciation, provisions for excess and obsolete inventories, doubtful accounts, returns and discounts, and deferred income taxes. The net change in operating assets and liabilities included decreases in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets, as well as an increase in deferred revenue, which were offset partially by decreases in accrued and other liabilities and income tax payable.
We expect that cash provided by operating activities may fluctuate in future periods as a result of a number of factors, including fluctuations in our operating results, shipment linearity, accounts receivable collections performance, inventory and supply chain management, tax benefits from stock-based compensation, and the timing and amount of compensation and other payments. In addition, in order to secure more favorable pricing from a supplier, we may make an advance payment for future inventory requirements to that supplier in the fourth quarter of 2013. Further, we usually pay our annual incentive compensation to employees in the first quarter after the applicable year.
Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities was $59.7 million in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, resulting from net proceeds from the sale of discontinued operations of $43.5 million and proceeds from the net sale and maturity of investments of $82.2 million, partially offset by the purchase of short-term investments of $54.8 million and capital expenditures of $11.2 million.
Net cash used in investing activities was $28.6 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2012, resulting from the purchase of short-term investments of $94.1 million and capital expenditures of $9.9 million, partially offset by proceeds from the net sale and maturity of investments of $75.4 million.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $98.1 million in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, resulting from $103.5 million of payments for the repurchase of common stock in connection with our stock repurchase program, of which approximately $27.6 million was spent on open market transactions and approximately $75.9 million, including related costs, was spent in our recent “modified Dutch auction” tender offer, which closed on May 24, 2013. The payments for the repurchase of common stock were offset by $5.4 million of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock related to our equity incentive plans.
Net cash used in financing activities was $9.4 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2012, resulting from $14.4 million of payments for the repurchase of common stock in connection with our stock repurchase program announced in April 2012, partially offset by $4.9 million of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock related to our equity incentive plans.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 27, 2013.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
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As of September 27, 2013, we had approximately $20.8 million of non-cancelable purchase order commitments. There were no other significant changes to our contractual obligations and commitments in the nine months ended September 27, 2013, from such information presented in our 2012 Form 10-K.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact the operating results, financial position or liquidity of Harmonic due to adverse changes in market prices and rates. Harmonic is exposed to market risk because of changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, as measured against the U.S. dollar and currencies held by Harmonic’s subsidiaries, and changes in the value of financial instruments held by Harmonic.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Harmonic has a number of international subsidiaries, the sales of which are generally denominated in U.S. dollars. In addition, Harmonic has various international branch offices that provide sales support and systems integration services. Sales denominated in foreign currencies were approximately 12% and 9% of net revenue in the first nine months of 2013 and 2012, respectively. Harmonic enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts (“forward exchange contracts”) to manage exposure related to foreign accounts receivable and reduce the effects of fluctuating exchange rates on expenses denominated in foreign currencies. Harmonic does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. The table below presents the impact on the foreign exchange gain (loss) of a hypothetical 10% appreciation and a 10% depreciation of the USD against the forward exchange contracts as of September 27, 2013 (in thousands):

Currency - forward contracts |  | Position |  | USD Value of Net Foreign Exchange Contracts |  | Foreign Exchange Gain (Loss) From 10% Appreciation of USD |  | Foreign Exchange Gain (Loss) From 10% Depreciation of USD
EUR |  | Sell EUR |  | 6,354 |  |  | 635 |  |  | (635 | )
GBP |  | Sell GBP |  | 4,728 |  |  | 473 |  |  | (473 | )
JPY |  | Sell JPY |  | 1,955 |  |  | 196 |  |  | (196 | )
EUR |  | Buy EUR |  | 2,414 |  |  | (241 | ) |  | 241 |
GBP |  | Buy GBP |  | 5,048 |  |  | (505 | ) |  | 505 |
JPY |  | Buy JPY |  | 1,985 |  |  | (199 | ) |  | 199 |

Interest rate and credit risk
Exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to Harmonic’s investment portfolio of marketable debt securities of various issuers, types and maturities and to Harmonic’s borrowings, if any, under its bank line of credit facility. Harmonic does not use derivative instruments in its investment portfolio, and its investment portfolio only includes highly liquid instruments. These investments are classified as available for sale and are carried at estimated fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in “accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)”. As of September 27, 2013, gross unrealized gains were nominal. If the credit market deteriorates, we may incur realized losses, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. There is risk that losses could be incurred if Harmonic were to sell any of its securities prior to stated maturity. As of September 27, 2013, our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balance was $169.3 million. In a declining interest rate environment, as short term investments mature, reinvestment occurs at less favorable market rates. Given the short term nature of certain investments, declining interest rates would negatively impact investment income. Based on our estimates, a 10% change in interest rates would have increased or decreased the fair value of our investments by less than $0.1 million as of September 27, 2013.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
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We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based, in part, upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.
During the quarterly period covered by this Form 10-Q, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In October 2011, Avid Technology, Inc. (“Avid”) filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that Harmonic’s Media Grid product infringes two patents held by Avid. A jury trial on this initial complaint is scheduled for January 2014. In June 2012, Avid served a subsequent complaint alleging that Harmonic’s Spectrum product infringes one patent held by Avid. In September 2013, the U.S. Patent Trial and Appeal Board authorized an inter partes review to be instituted as to claims of the patent asserted in this second complaint. The complaints seek injunctive relief and unspecified damages.
In November 2012, FastVDO served a lawsuit on Harmonic, alleging infringement of a patent allegedly essential to the H.264 standard and that Harmonic encoders, transcoders, software and servers that use H.264 infringe their patent. The complaint seeks injunctive relief and unspecified damages.
We are subject to other litigation incidental to our business that is not believed to be material to us.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We depend on cable, satellite and telco, and broadcast and media industry capital spending for our revenue and any material decrease or delay in capital spending in any of these industries would negatively impact our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
Our revenue has been derived from sales to cable television operators, satellite and telco operators and broadcast and media companies, as well as, more recently, emerging streaming media providers. We expect that these markets will provide our revenue for the foreseeable future. Demand for our products will depend on the magnitude and timing of capital spending by customers in each of these markets for the purpose of creating, expanding or upgrading their systems.
These capital spending patterns are dependent on a variety of factors, including:

• | impact of general economic conditions, actual and projected;

• | access to financing;

• | annual capital spending budget cycles of each of the industries we serve;

• | impact of industry consolidation;

• | customers suspending or reducing capital spending in anticipation of the introduction of announced new standards, such as HEVC, and products, such as CCAP;

• | federal, state, local and foreign government regulation of telecommunications, television broadcasting and streaming media;

• | overall demand for communication services and consumer acceptance of new video and data technologies and services;

• | competitive pressures, including pricing pressures; and

• | discretionary end-user customer spending patterns.

In the past, specific factors contributing to reduced capital spending have included:

• | weak or uncertain economic and financial conditions in domestic or one or more international markets;

• | uncertainty related to development of digital video industry standards;

• | delays in evaluations of new services, new standards and systems architectures by many operators;

• | emphasis by operators on generating revenue from existing customers, rather than from new customers, through construction, expansion or upgrades;

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• | a reduction in the amount of capital available to finance projects of our customers and potential customers;

• | proposed and completed business combinations and divestitures by our customers and the length of regulatory review of each;

• | completion of a new system or significant expansion or upgrade to a system; and

• | bankruptcies and financial restructuring of major customers.

In the past, adverse economic conditions in one or more of the geographies in which we offer our products have adversely affected our customers’ capital spending in those geographies and, as a result, our business. In 2008, 2009 and the first half of 2010, economic conditions in many of the geographies in which we offer our products were weak, and global economic conditions and financial markets experienced a severe downturn. The downturn stemmed from a multitude of factors, including adverse credit conditions, slower economic activity, concerns about inflation and deflation, rapid changes in foreign exchange rates, increased energy costs, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns. Although there was an increase in global economic activity in the second half of 2010 and the first half of 2011, economic growth has become sluggish in some geographies, and weak in other geographies, since the middle of 2011, as a result of the re-occurrence of many of the adverse factors listed above, as well as the European sovereign debt crisis and uncertainty in the global and many regional economies. Further, economic growth is expected to be sluggish or weak in some geographies during the balance of 2013 and perhaps beyond.
The severity or length of time that economic and financial market conditions may be weak or sluggish, whether certain or all of such adverse factors will persist, or whether a severe down turn may occur in the U.S., Europe or in other geographies, is unknown. During challenging or uncertain economic times, and particularly in tight credit markets, many customers may delay or reduce capital expenditures, which often results in lower demand for our products.
Further, we have a number of international customers to whom sales are denominated in U.S. dollars. The value of the U.S. dollar fluctuates significantly against many foreign currencies, including the Euro and other local currencies of many of our international customers. If the U.S. dollar appreciates relative to the local currencies of our customers, then the prices of our products correspondingly increase for such customers. Such an effect could adversely impact sales of our products to such customers and result in longer sales cycles, difficulties in collection of accounts receivable, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition in the affected countries. Also, if the U.S. dollar were to weaken against many foreign currencies, there can be no assurance that a weaker dollar would lead to growth in capital spending.
In addition, industry consolidation has in the past constrained, and may in the future constrain, capital spending by our customers. Further, if our product portfolio and product development plans do not position us well to capture an increased portion of the capital spending of customers in the markets on which we focus, our revenue may decline.
As a result of these capital spending issues, we may not be able to maintain or increase our revenue in the future, and our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
The markets in which we operate are intensely competitive.
The markets for our products are extremely competitive and have been characterized by rapid technological change and declining average sales prices in the past. Pressure on average sales prices was particularly severe during previous economic downturns, including in 2008 and 2009, as equipment suppliers competed aggressively for customers’ reduced capital spending. We have experienced similar pressure during the economic slowdown that began in the second half of 2011 and has continued through the third quarter of 2013.
In the digital video solutions market, we compete broadly with products from vertically integrated system suppliers, including Arris, Cisco Systems, Ericsson, and Thomson Video Networks and, in certain product lines, with a number of smaller companies. Our principal competitors for our production and playout products are Harris, Grass Valley, Miranda and Avid. Our principal competitors for edge products are Cisco Systems and Arris.
Many of our competitors are substantially larger, and have greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we have. Many of these large enterprises are in a better position to withstand any significant reduction in capital spending by customers in our markets. They often have broader product lines and market focus, and may not be as susceptible to downturns in a particular market. These competitors may also be able to bundle their products together to meet the needs of a particular customer, and may be capable of delivering more complete solutions than we are able to provide. To the extent large enterprises that currently do not compete directly with us choose to enter our markets by acquisition or otherwise, competition would likely intensify.
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Further, some of our competitors that have greater financial resources have offered, and in the future may offer, their products at lower prices than we offer for our competing products or on more attractive financing or payment terms, which has in the past caused, and may in the future cause, us to lose sales opportunities and the resulting revenue or to reduce our prices in response to that competition. Reductions in prices for any of our products could materially and adversely affect our operating margins and revenue.
If any of our competitors’ products or technologies were to become the industry standard, our business would be seriously harmed. If our competitors are successful in bringing their products to market earlier than us, or if these products are more technologically capable than ours, our revenue could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, certain companies that have not had a large presence in the broadband communications equipment market have expanded their presence in this market through mergers and acquisitions. The continued consolidation of our competitors, including, without limitation, the Arris acquisition of Motorola Home from Google’s Motorola Mobility unit, could have a significant negative impact on our business. Further, our competitors, particularly companies that offer products that are competitive with our digital video systems, may bundle their products or incorporate functionality into existing products in a manner that discourages users from purchasing our products or which may require us to lower our selling prices, resulting in lower revenue and decreased gross margins.
If we are unable to compete at the same level as we have in the past, in any of our markets, or are forced to reduce the prices of our products in order to continue to be competitive, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows would be materially and adversely affected.
We need to develop and introduce new and enhanced products in a timely manner to meet the needs of our customers and to remain competitive.
All of the markets we address are characterized by continuing technological advancement, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. To compete successfully, we must continually design, develop, manufacture and sell new or enhanced products that provide increasingly higher levels of performance and reliability and meet our customers changing needs. However, we may not be successful in those efforts if, among other things, our products:

• | are not cost effective;

• | are not brought to market in a timely manner;

• | are not in accordance with evolving industry standards;

• | fail to meet market acceptance or customer requirements; or

• | are ahead of the needs of their markets.

We are currently developing and marketing products based on established video compression standards, such as MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, which provides significantly greater compression efficiency, thereby making more bandwidth available to operators. We are also involved in research and development efforts with respect to products utilizing new technologies, such as high efficiency video coding, or “HEVC”. At the same time, we need to devote development resources to the existing MPEG-2 standard that many of our customers continue to require. There can be no assurance that these efforts will be successful in the near future, or at all, or that our competitors will not take significant market share in encoding or transcoding.
In order to attempt to meet fast paced, dynamic, evolving standards and customer requirements, we are intensifying our development efforts on products that will facilitate and enhance multi-screen applications, on media (“playout”) servers utilizing integrated channel playout, and on converged cable access platform (“CCAP”) products that are intended to address customers’ cost reduction efforts through the use of IP technology. Many of these products are intended to integrate existing and new features and functions in response to shifts in customer demands in the relevant market. The success of these significant and costly development efforts will be predicated, in substantial part, on the timing of market adoption of the new standards on which the resulting products are based. If any of the new standards are not adopted or are adopted later than we predict or adoption occurs earlier than we are able to deliver products based on the new standards, we risk spending research and development time and dollars on products that may never achieve market acceptance or introducing products that miss the customer demand window and thus do not produce the revenue that a timely introduction would have likely produced.
In order to successfully develop and market certain of our planned products, we may be required to enter into technology development or licensing agreements with third parties. We cannot provide assurances that we will be able to timely enter into any necessary technology development or licensing agreements on reasonable terms, or at all, and, if we fail to do so, we will likely not be able to introduce one or more of such planned products on a timely basis and perhaps be effectively prohibited from introducing such product(s).
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If we fail to develop and market new and enhanced products on a timely basis, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
Conditions and changes in some national and global economic environments may adversely affect our business and thus our financial results.
Adverse economic conditions in geographic markets in which we operate may harm our business. As described in the first risk factor in this section, economic conditions in some countries in which we sell products were weak in 2008, 2009, the first half of 2010, the second half of 2011, and 2012 and continued to be weak or sluggish in the first nine months of 2013. Global or regional economic slowdowns have led many of our affected customers to decrease their expenditures and caused certain of our customers to reduce or delay orders for our products. Many of our international customers have been exposed to tight credit markets and depreciating currencies, further restricting their ability to build, expand or upgrade their networks. Some customers have had difficulty in servicing or retiring existing debt, and the financial constraints on certain international customers have, in the past, required us to significantly increase our allowance for doubtful accounts. It is possible that adverse economic conditions may continue during the balance of 2013 and perhaps beyond.
Beginning in the second quarter of 2011, the possible inability of some developed countries, including Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Cyprus, or major financial institutions in those countries, to meet their debt payment obligations has put substantial strain, both direct and indirect, on economic conditions in those countries, in Europe and in many other parts of the world, including the U.S. If one or more of the Euro-zone countries were to default on its sovereign debt, or one of more of their major financial institutions were to fail, the adverse impact on European and other economies, including the U.S., could be severe. Further, the lowering of the U.S. government’s credit rating in 2011 had an adverse affect on U.S. and international financial markets. Any further lowering of that credit rating, whether as a result of the U.S. government failing to timely increase its debt limit or to take steps to reduce its deficit, or the impact of the U.S. government forced reductions in spending due to sequestration, may have a material and adverse affect on the U.S. economy, and possibly the economies of most, if not all, of the other countries in the world. The impact of any of these issues, which may continue to negatively affect Europe during the balance of 2013, and perhaps beyond, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
During challenging economic times, and in tight credit markets, many customers may delay or reduce capital expenditures. This could result in reductions in revenue of our products, longer sales cycles, difficulties in collection of accounts receivable, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition. If global economic and market conditions, or economic conditions in the U.S., Europe or other key markets, deteriorate, we could experience a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our customer base is concentrated and we are regularly involved in relatively large transactions. The loss of one or more of our key customers, a failure to diversify our customer base, or a decrease in the number of such larger transactions could harm our business and our operating results.
Historically, a majority of our revenue has been derived from relatively few customers, due in part to the consolidation of the ownership of cable television and direct broadcast satellite system companies. Over the last two fiscal years, revenue from our ten largest customers has remained relatively flat as a percentage of revenue. Nevertheless, sales to our ten largest customers in the first nine months of 2013 and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 accounted for approximately 33% and 31% of revenue, respectively. Although we are attempting to broaden our customer base by further penetrating new markets and expanding internationally, we expect to see continuing industry consolidation and customer concentration.
In the first nine months of 2013 and in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, revenue from Comcast accounted for approximately 12% and 11%, respectively, of our revenue. Revenue from Comcast accounted for approximately 16% of our revenue for the three months ended September 27, 2013. The loss of Comcast or any other significant customer, any material reduction in orders by Comcast or any other significant customer, or our failure to qualify our new products with a significant customer could materially and adversely affect, either long term or in a particular quarter, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, we are involved in most quarters in one or more relatively large individual transactions, including, from time to time, projects in which we act much like a systems integrator. A decrease in the number of the relatively larger individual transactions in which we are involved in any quarter could materially and adversely affect our operating results for that quarter.
As a result of these and other factors, we may be unable to increase our revenues from some or all of the markets we address, or to do so profitably, and any failure to increase revenues and profits from these customers could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We depend significantly on our international revenue and are subject to the risks associated with international operations, including those of our contract manufacturers, which may negatively affect our operating results.
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Revenue derived from customers outside of the U.S. in the first nine months of 2013 and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, each represented approximately 56% of our revenue for the respective period. Although no assurances can be given with respect to international sales growth in any one or more regions, we expect that international revenue is likely to continue to represent, from year to year, a majority, and potentially increasing, percentage of our annual revenue for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, most of our contract manufacturing occurs overseas.
Our international operations, the international operations of our contract manufacturers, and our efforts to maintain and increase revenue in international markets are subject to a number of risks, which are generally greater with respect to emerging market countries, including the impact on our business and our operating results, financial condition and cash flows, whether direct or indirect, of:

• | growth and stability of the economy in one or more international regions;

• | fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

• | changes in foreign government regulations and telecommunications standards;

• | import and export license requirements, tariffs, taxes and other trade barriers;

• | our significant reliance on distributors, resellers and others to sell our products and solutions, particularly in emerging market countries;

• | availability of credit, particularly in emerging market countries;

• | difficulty in collecting accounts receivable, especially from smaller customers and resellers, particularly in emerging market countries;

• | compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and the U.K. Bribery Act, particularly in emerging market countries;

• | the burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws, treaties and technical standards;

• | fulfilling “country of origin” requirements for our products for certain customers;

• | difficulty in staffing and managing foreign operations;

• | political and economic instability, including risks related to terrorist activity, particularly in emerging market countries;

• | changes in economic policies by foreign governments;

• | lack of basic infrastructure, particularly in emerging market countries;

• | impact of continuing social and political unrest in the Middle East and resulting regime changes; and

• | impact of “saber rattling” by the North Korean government, the threat of Iran developing a nuclear capability or the risk of Syria continuing to use chemical weapons, and the risk of war resulting from such action, threat or risk.

In the past, certain of our international customers accumulated significant levels of debt and engaged in reorganizations and financial restructurings, including bankruptcy proceedings. Even where these restructurings have been completed, in some cases these customers have not been in a position to purchase new equipment at levels we had seen in the past.
While our international revenue and operating expenses have typically been denominated in U.S. dollars, fluctuations in currency exchange rates could cause our products to become relatively more expensive to customers in a particular country, leading to a reduction in revenue or profitability from sales in that country. A portion of our European business is denominated in Euros, which subjects us to increased foreign currency risk. Gains and losses on the conversion to U.S. dollars of accounts receivable, accounts payable and other monetary assets and liabilities arising from international operations may contribute to fluctuations in our operating results.
Furthermore, payment cycles for international customers are typically longer than those for customers in the U.S. Unpredictable payment cycles could cause us to fail to meet or exceed the expectations of security analysts and investors for any given period.
Our operations outside the U.S. also require us to comply with a number of U.S. and international regulations. For example, our operations in countries outside the U.S. are subject to the FCPA and similar laws, including the U.K. Bribery Act, which prohibits companies or their agents and employees from providing anything of value to a foreign official for the
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purposes of influencing any act or decision of these individuals, in their official capacity, to help obtain or retain business, direct business to any person or corporate entity, or obtain any unfair advantage. Our activities in countries outside the U.S., and particularly in emerging market countries, create the inherent risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees or agents, including those companies to which we outsource certain of our business operations, which could be in violation of the FCPA or similar laws, even though these parties are not always subject to our control. We have internal control policies and procedures with respect to FCPA compliance, have implemented FCPA training and compliance programs for our employees, and include in our agreements with distributors and resellers a requirement that those parties comply with the FCPA. However, we cannot provide assurances that our policies, procedures and programs will prevent violations of the FCPA or similar laws by our employees or agents, particularly in emerging market countries, and as we expand our international operations. Any such violation, even if prohibited by our policies, could result in criminal or civil sanctions against us.
The effect of one or more of these international risks could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Our future growth depends on market acceptance of several broadband services, on the adoption of new broadband technologies, and on several other broadband industry trends.
Future demand for many of our products will depend significantly on the growing market acceptance of emerging broadband services, including digital video, VOD, HDTV, IPTV, mobile video services (particularly streaming to tablet computers and other mobile devices), and very high-speed data services. The market demand for such emerging services is rapidly growing, with many de facto or proprietary systems in use, which increases the challenge of delivering interoperable products intended to address the requirements of such services.
The effective delivery of these services will depend, in part, on a variety of new network architectures, standards and devices, such as:

• | video compression standards, such as high efficiency video coding (“HEVC”);

• | the converged cable access platform (“CCAP”);

• | fiber to the premises, or FTTP, networks designed to facilitate the delivery of video services by telcos;

• | the greater use of protocols such as IP;

• | the further adoption of bandwidth-optimization techniques, such as switched digital video and DOCSIS 3.0; and

• | the introduction of new consumer devices, such as advanced set-top boxes, personal video recorders (or PVRs), iPads and other tablet computers, and a variety of smartphone mobile devices.

If adoption of these emerging services and/or technologies is not as widespread or as rapid as we expect, or if we are unable to develop new products based on these technologies on a timely basis, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
Furthermore, other technological, industry and regulatory trends and requirements will affect the growth of our business. These trends and requirements include the following:

• | convergence, or the need of network operators to deliver a package of video, voice and data services to consumers, including mobile delivery options;

• | the increasing availability of traditional broadcast video content on the Internet;

• | adoption of high bandwidth wireless technology, such as 4 G-LTE;

• | the use of digital video by businesses, governments and educational institutions;

• | efforts by regulators and governments in the U.S. and abroad to encourage the adoption of broadband and digital technologies;

• | consumer interest in Ultra HDTV;

• | the need to develop partnerships with other companies involved in the new broadband services;

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• | the extent and nature of regulatory attitudes towards such issues as network neutrality, competition between operators, access by third parties to networks of other operators, local franchising requirements for telcos to offer video, and other new services, such as mobile video; and

• | the outcome of litigation and negotiations between content owners and service providers regarding rights of service providers to store and distribute recorded broadcast content, which outcomes may drive adoption of one technology over another in some cases.

If we fail to recognize and respond to these trends, by timely developing products, features and services required by these trends, we are likely to lose revenue opportunities and our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
We purchase several key components, subassemblies and modules used in the manufacture or integration of our products from sole or limited sources, and we are increasingly dependent on contract manufacturers and other subcontractors.
Many components, subassemblies and modules necessary for the manufacture or integration of our products are obtained from a sole supplier or a limited group of suppliers. For example, we depend on a small public company for certain video encoding chips which are incorporated into several products. Our reliance on sole or limited suppliers, particularly foreign suppliers, and our increasing reliance on contractors for manufacturing and installation, involves several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components, subassemblies or modules, reduced control over costs, quality and timely delivery of components, subassemblies or modules, and timely installation of products.
These risks could be heightened during a substantial economic slowdown, because our suppliers and subcontractors are more likely to experience adverse changes in their financial condition and operations during such a period. Further, these risks could materially and adversely affect our business if one of our sole sources, or a sole source of one of our suppliers or contract manufacturers, is adversely affected by a natural disaster. While we expend resources to qualify additional component sources, consolidation of suppliers and the small number of viable alternatives have limited the results of these efforts. Managing our supplier and contractor relationships is particularly difficult during time periods in which we introduce new products and during time periods in which demand for our products is increasing, especially if demand increases more quickly than we expect.
Plexus Services Corp., which manufactures our products at its facilities in Malaysia, acts as our primary contract manufacturer, and currently provides us with a substantial majority of the products that we purchase from our contract manufacturers. Most of the products manufactured by our Israeli operations are outsourced to another third party manufacturer in Israel. From time to time we assess our relationship with our contract manufacturers, and we do not generally maintain long-term agreements with any of our suppliers or contract manufacturers. Our agreement with Plexus has automatic annual renewals, unless prior notice is given by either party, and has been automatically renewed until October 2014.
Difficulties in managing relationships with any of our current contract manufacturers, particularly Plexus, that manufacture our products off-shore, could impede our ability to meet our customers’ requirements and adversely affect our operating results. An inability to obtain adequate and timely deliveries, or any other circumstance that would require us to seek alternative sources of supply, could negatively affect our ability to ship our products on a timely basis, which could damage relationships with current and prospective customers and harm our business and materially and adversely affect our revenue and other operating results. We attempt to limit this risk by maintaining safety stocks of certain components, subassemblies and modules. Increases, from time to time, in demand on our suppliers and subcontractors from other parties have caused sporadic shortages of certain components and products. In response, we have increased our inventories of certain components and products and expedited shipments of our products when necessary, which has increased our costs. As a result of this investment in inventories, we have in the past been, and in the future may be, subject to risk of excessive or obsolete inventories, which, despite our use of a demand order fulfillment model, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial position and cash flows. In this regard, our gross margins and operating results have, in the past, been adversely affected by significant excess and obsolete inventory charges.
Our ability to meet customer demand depends significantly on the availability of components and other materials, as well as the ability of our contract manufacturers to scale their production, and because we purchase several key components, subassemblies and modules used in the manufacture or integration of our products from sole or limited sources, the risk of not meeting customer demand is increased. Our ability to meet customer requirements depends in part on our ability to obtain sufficient volumes of these materials in a timely fashion. Increases in demand on our suppliers and subcontractors from other customers may cause sporadic shortages of certain components and products. In order to be able to respond to these issues, we have increased our inventories of certain components and products, particularly for our customers that order significant dollar amounts of our products, and expedited shipments of components, subassemblies and modules when necessary, which has increased our costs and could increase our risk of holding obsolete or excessive inventory. We also employ a demand order
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fulfillment model which is designed to reduce the effects of increases or decreases in demand for any products. Nevertheless, we may be unable to respond to customer demand that increases more quickly than we expect. If we fail to meet customers’ supply expectations, our revenue would be adversely affected and we may lose business, which could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
Our operating results are likely to fluctuate significantly and, as a result, may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, causing our stock price to decline.
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to continue to fluctuate in the future, on an annual and a quarterly basis, as a result of several factors, many of which are outside of our control. Some of the factors that may cause these fluctuations include:

• | the level and timing of capital spending of our customers in the U.S., Europe and in other foreign markets, due in part to access to financing for capital spending;

• | economic and financial conditions specific to each of the cable, satellite and telco, and broadcast and media industries;

• | changes in market demand for our products or our customers’ services or products;

• | the timing and amount of orders, especially from our significant customers;

• | general economic and financial markets conditions, whether global or in certain geographic areas;

• | the mix of our products sold and the effect it has on gross margins;

• | the timing of revenue recognition from solution contracts, which may span several quarters;

• | changes in the number and size of relatively large individual transactions and projects in which we are involved from quarter to quarter;

• | the timing of revenue recognition on sales arrangements;

• | the timing of acquisitions and dispositions by us and the financial impact of such transactions;

• | the timing of completion of our customers’ projects;

• | the length of each customer product upgrade cycle and the volume of purchases during the cycle;

• | competitive market conditions, including pricing actions by our competitors;

• | lack of predictability in our revenue cycles;

• | the level and mix of our domestic and international revenue;

• | new product introductions by our competitors or by us;

• | changes in domestic and international regulatory environments affecting our business;

• | market acceptance of our products, particularly our new products;

• | the evaluation of new services, new standards and system architectures by our customers;

• | the cost and timely availability to us of components, subassemblies and modules;

• | the mix of our customer base, by industry and size, and sales channels;

• | changes in our operating and extraordinary expenses;

• | impairment of our goodwill and intangibles;

• | the impact of litigation, such as related litigation expenses and settlement costs;

• | write-downs of inventory and investments;

• | whether the research and development tax is renewed for 2014 and beyond;

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• | changes in our effective federal tax rate, including as a result of changes in our valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, and changes in our effective state tax rates, including as a result of apportionment;

• | changes to tax rules related to the deferral of foreign earnings and compliance with foreign tax rules;

• | the impact of applicable accounting guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes that requires us to establish reserves for uncertain tax positions and accrue potential tax penalties and interest;

• | the impact of applicable accounting guidance on business combinations that requires us to record charges for certain acquisition related costs and expenses and generally to expense restructuring costs associated with a business combination subsequent to the acquisition date; and

• | the timing of our development of custom products and software.

The timing of deployment of our products by our customers can be subject to a number of other risks, including the availability of skilled engineering and technical personnel, the availability of third party equipment and services, our customers’ ability to negotiate and enter into rights agreements with video content owners that provide the customers with the right to deliver certain video content, and our customers’ need for local franchise and licensing approvals.
We often recognize a substantial portion of our quarterly revenue in the last month of the quarter. We establish our expenditure levels for product development and other operating expenses based on projected revenue levels for a specified period, and expenses are relatively fixed in the short term. Accordingly, even small variations in the timing of revenue, particularly from relatively large individual transactions, can cause significant fluctuations in operating results in a particular quarter.
As a result of these factors and other factors, our operating results in one or more future periods may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors. In that event, the trading price of our common stock would likely decline.
Fluctuations in our future effective tax rates, or the outcome of tax audits, could affect our future operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We are required to periodically review our deferred tax assets and determine whether, based on available evidence, a valuation allowance is necessary. Accordingly, we have performed such evaluation, from time to time, based on historical evidence, trends in profitability, expectations of future taxable income and implemented tax planning strategies. We continue to maintain a valuation allowance for certain foreign and California deferred tax assets. The realization of our deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient U.S. and foreign taxable income in the future to offset these assets. We may not have sufficient taxable income in the future to determine that we will be able to realize some significant portion of our deferred tax assets. As a result, an additional valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets may be required in the period in which such a determination is made, and our operating results could be materially and adversely impacted in the period of adjustment.
The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex global tax regulations. We recognize potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. In the event we determine that it is appropriate to create a reserve or increase an existing reserve for any such potential liabilities, the amount of the additional reserve is charged as an expense in the period in which
it is determined. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate tax assessment for the applicable period, a further charge to expense in the period such short fall is determined would result. Either such charge to expense could have a material and adverse effect on our operating results for the applicable period.
In addition, recent statements from the Internal Revenue Service have indicated their intent to seek greater disclosure by companies of their reserves for uncertain tax positions.
Our 2008, 2009 and 2010 U.S. corporate income tax returns were audited by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and a subsidiary of the Company was under audit by the Israel tax authority for the years 2007 through 2010. However, the statute of limitations for the audit of our 2008 and 2009 tax years by the IRS expired during the third quarter, effectively ending the IRS audits for those years. As a result, we recorded a discrete net tax benefit of $38.4 million related to the release of tax reserves for those tax years Further, the audits by the Israel tax authority for our 2007 through 2010 tax years ended in the third quarter, and we reached a settlement with the Israel tax authority that did not involve any material adjustments. If, upon the conclusion of the remaining IRS audit for 2010 and the expiration of the related statute of limitations, the ultimate determination of taxes
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owed in the U.S. is for an amount in excess of the tax provision we recorded in 2010, our overall tax expense, effective tax rate, operating results and cash flow could be materially and adversely impacted in the period of adjustment.
We requested an Advanced Pricing Agreement ("APA") with the IRS regarding our non-exclusive license of our intellectual property rights to one of our international subsidiaries in 2008 and our sharing of research and development costs with our international subsidiaries. We completed the same non-exclusive license of Omneon intellectual property in the fourth quarter of 2010, upon the closing of the Omneon acquisition, but did not request an APA with the IRS concerning the Omneon license. In 2012, we withdrew our request for the APA with the IRS with respect to our initial 2008 non-exclusive license of intellectual property. As noted above, although the statutes of limitations with respect to our 2008 and 2009 tax returns have expired, our U.S. corporate tax return for 2010 remains subject to examination by the IRS. If the IRS, in connection with such audit or otherwise, were to disagree with our tax treatment of the Omneon license, we may be required to take a charge to expense related to such disagreement in excess of the tax provision we recorded for 2010, which could have a material and adverse effect on our operating results and cash flow in the period in which the charge is taken.
We continue to be in the process of expanding our international operations and staffing to better support our expansion into international markets. This expansion involves the implementation of an international structure that includes, among other things, an international support center in Europe, a research and development cost sharing arrangement, and certain licenses and other contractual arrangements between us and our wholly-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. As a result of these changes, we anticipate that our consolidated pre-tax income will be subject to foreign tax at relatively lower tax rates when compared to the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and, as a consequence, our effective income tax rate is expected to be lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate.
Our future effective income tax rates could be adversely affected if tax authorities challenge our international tax structure or if the relative mix of U.S. and international income changes for any reason. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our income tax rate will be less than the U.S. federal statutory rate in future periods.
We or our customers may face intellectual property infringement claims from third parties.
Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. In particular, leading companies in the telecommunications industry have extensive patent portfolios. Also, patent infringement claims and litigation by entities that purchase or control patents, but do not produce goods or services covered by the claims of such patents (so-called “non-practicing entities” or “NPEs”), have increased rapidly over the last decade or so. From time to time, third parties, including NPEs, have asserted, and may assert in the future, patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights against us or our customers. Our suppliers and their customers, including us, may have similar claims asserted against them. A number of third parties, including companies with greater financial and other resources than us, have asserted patent rights to technologies that are important to us.
Any intellectual property litigation, regardless of its outcome, could result in substantial expense and significant diversion of the efforts of our management and technical personnel. An adverse determination in any such proceeding could subject us to significant liabilities and temporary or permanent injunctions and require us to seek licenses from third parties or pay royalties that may be substantial. Furthermore, necessary licenses may not be available on terms satisfactory to us, or at all. An unfavorable outcome on any such litigation matter could require that we pay substantial damages, could require that we pay ongoing royalty payments, or could prohibit us from selling certain of our products. Any such outcome could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
In October 2011, Avid Technology, Inc. filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging that our Media Grid product infringes two patents held by Avid. A jury trial on the initial complaint is scheduled for January 2014. In June 2012, Avid served a subsequent complaint, alleging that Harmonic’s Spectrum product infringes one patent held by Avid. The complaints seek injunctive relief and unspecified damages. At this time, we cannot predict the outcome of either of these matters. An unfavorable outcome of either of these matters, or any other intellectual property infringement action brought against us, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial position and cash flows.
Our suppliers and customers may have intellectual property claims relating to our products asserted against them. We have agreed to indemnify some of our suppliers and most of our customers for patent infringement relating to our products. The scope of this indemnity varies, but, in some instances, includes indemnification for damages and expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees) incurred by the supplier or customer in connection with such claims. If a supplier or a customer seeks to enforce a claim for indemnification against us, we could incur significant costs defending such claim, the underlying claim or both. An adverse determination in either such proceeding could subject us to significant liabilities and have a material and adverse effect on our operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
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We may be the subject of litigation which, if adversely determined, could harm our business and operating results.
In addition to the litigation discussed elsewhere herein, we may be subject to claims arising in the normal course of business. The costs of defending any litigation, whether in cash expenses or in management time, could harm our business and materially and adversely affect our operating results and cash flows. An unfavorable outcome on any litigation matter could require that we pay substantial damages, or, in connection with any intellectual property infringement claims, could require that we pay ongoing royalty payments or prohibit us from selling certain of our products. In addition, we may decide to settle any litigation, which could cause us to incur significant settlement costs. A settlement or an unfavorable outcome on any litigation matter could have a material and adverse affect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
As an example, from time to time, we have received letters from several of our customers, notifying us that the customer intends to exercise its indemnification rights in agreements between the customer and us with respect to a patent infringement claim brought against the customer that may cover products sold to the customer by Harmonic or its acquired companies. Many of these notices arise out of a spate of patent infringement claims, and related litigation, brought by the Multimedia Patent Trust (“MPT”), an affiliate of Alcatel-Lucent, against end-users of products used in the industries we address. Any such litigation by MPT may be very expensive to defend, and there could be significant financial exposure to each of such customers if MPT is successful in such litigation or in extracting a settlement of such claims. Few of the notices we have received from customers with respect to their indemnification rights related to the MPT litigation have demanded that we provide a defense for the customer against such claims or litigation or currently reimburse the customer for its costs of such defense. We cannot predict whether the claims by MPT are legitimate or actually cover any of our products, whether the claims are likely to result in a settlement or judgment against a customer defendant (although some such settlements have occurred), or whether we would have liability under our indemnification obligations for defense or settlement costs or damages paid by any customer defendant. In the event one or more of our other customers makes a written indemnification claim against us with respect to a specific amount of defense or settlement costs or damages it suffers as a result of such MPT claims or litigation, we may be obligated to pay amounts to such customer(s) that, either individually or in the aggregate, could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows in the quarter such amounts are paid.
We rely on distributors, value-added resellers and systems integrators for a significant portion of our revenue, and disruptions to, or our failure to develop and manage, our relationships with these customers or the processes and procedures that support them could adversely affect our business.
We generate a significant percentage of our revenue through sales to distributors, value-added resellers, or VARs, and systems integrators that assist us with fulfillment or installation obligations. We expect that these sales will continue to generate a significant percentage of our revenue in the future. Further, our reliance on VARs and systems integrators that specialize in video delivery solutions, products and services has increased since the completion of our acquisition of Omneon in 2010. Accordingly, our future success is highly dependent upon establishing and maintaining successful relationships with a variety of channel partners.
We generally have no long-term contracts or minimum purchase commitments with any of our distributor, VAR or system integrator customers, and our contracts with these parties do not prohibit them from purchasing or offering products or services that compete with ours. Our competitors may provide incentives to any of our distributor, VAR or systems integrator customers to favor their products or, in effect, to prevent or reduce sales of our products. Any of our distributor, VAR or systems integrator customers may independently choose not to purchase or offer our products. Many of our distributors, VARs and system integrators are small, are based in a variety of international locations, and may have relatively unsophisticated processes and limited financial resources to conduct their business. Any significant disruption of our sales to these customers, including as a result of the inability or unwillingness of these customers to continue purchasing our products, or their failure to properly manage their business with respect to the purchase of, and payment for, our products, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, our failure to continue to establish or maintain successful relationships with distributor, VAR and systems integrator customers could likewise materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
Changes in telecommunications legislation and regulations could harm our prospects and future revenue.
Changes in telecommunications legislation and regulations in the U.S. and other countries could affect the revenue from our products. In particular, regulations dealing with access by competitors to the networks of incumbent operators could slow or stop additional construction or expansion by these operators. Increased regulation of our customers’ pricing or service offerings could limit their investments and, consequently, revenue from our products. The impact of new or revised legislation or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
Federal laws will likely impact the demand for product features by our customers. These laws include the Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation Act and the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010,
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which deals with accessibility for the hearing and visually impaired. While we have added some features to our products in response to these laws, others (driven by the regulatory process related to the laws) may require feature development on a schedule which may be inflexible and difficult to meet. This could result in our inability to develop other product features necessary for particular transactions at the same time, and thus we could lose some business and the related revenue.
The ongoing threat of terrorism, social and political instability and tensions among countries have created uncertainty and may harm our business.
Conditions in the U.S. and global economies improved from mid-2010 to mid-2011, but have remained uncertain since mid-2011. The terrorist attacks in the U.S. in 2001, subsequent and continuing attempted and accomplished terrorist attacks in other parts of the world, and the threat of future attacks have created many economic and political uncertainties that have adversely impacted the global economy and, as a result, have adversely affected our business. The long-term effects of such attacks, the threat of future attacks, the ongoing war on terrorism, recent increased social and political instability and regime changes, particularly in the Middle East, the war in Syria and the U.S. response, and tensions among countries, including between Iran and Israel and the U.S., and North Korea and South Korea and the U.S., on our business and the global economy remain uncertain. Such uncertainty has increased the price of certain commodities, particularly oil, which could have an indirect material and adverse impact on the cost of manufacturing and shipping our products. Moreover, the potential for future terrorist attacks, including hacking attacks on government and commercial computer systems, and regional wars, increases in such social and political instability, and such tensions, particularly if Israel or any other country were to attack any of Iran’s nuclear development facilities or North Korea were to attack South Korea or any other country, make it difficult to estimate the long-term stability and strength of the U.S. and other economies, particularly those in certain emerging market countries and certain European countries, and the impact of resulting economic conditions on our business.
We face risks associated with having important facilities and resources located in Israel.
We maintain facilities in two locations in Israel with a total of 197 employees, or approximately 19% of our worldwide workforce, as of September 30, 2013. Our employees in Israel engage in a number of activities, including research and development, the development of, and supply chain management for, certain product lines, and sales activities.
We are directly influenced by the political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel. Any significant conflict involving Israel could have a direct effect on our business or that of our Israeli contract manufacturers, in the form of physical damage or injury, reluctance to travel within, or to or from, Israel by our Israeli and other employees or those of our subcontractors, or the loss of Israeli employees to active military duty. Most of our employees in Israel are currently obligated to perform annual reserve duty in the Israel Defense Forces, and approximately 15% of those employees were called for active military duty in 2012. In the event that more employees are called to active duty, certain of our research and development activities may be adversely affected, including significantly delayed. In addition, the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its trading partners, as a result of terrorist attacks or hostilities, conflicts between Israel and any other Middle Eastern country, or any other cause, could significantly harm our business. Current or future tensions in the Middle East could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We have made, and may continue to make, acquisitions, and any acquisition could disrupt our operations, cause dilution to our stockholders and materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
As part of our business strategy, from time to time we have acquired, and we may continue to acquire, businesses, technologies, assets and product lines that we believe complement or expand our existing business. In 2010, we completed the acquisition of Omneon, a privately-held company that provides broadcast video server and storage systems used for video production and play-to-air workflows. It is possible that we will make additional acquisitions, from time to time, in the future.
We may face challenges as a result of these acquisition activities, because such activities entail numerous risks, including:

• | the possibility that an acquisition may not close because of, among other things, a failure of a party to satisfy the conditions to closing or an acquisition target entering into an alternative transaction;

• | unanticipated costs or delays associated with the acquisition;

• | difficulties in the assimilation and integration of acquired operations, technologies and/or products;

• | the diversion of management’s attention from the regular operations of the business during the acquisition process;

• | the challenges of managing a larger and more geographically widespread operation and product portfolio after the closing of the acquisition;

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• | difficulties in integrating acquired companies’ systems, controls, policies and procedures, particularly to comply with the internal control over financial reporting requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

• | adverse effects on new and existing business relationships with suppliers, contract manufacturers and customers;

• | channel conflicts and disputes between distributors and other partners of ours and the acquired companies;

• | potential difficulties in completing projects associated with in-process research and development;

• | risks associated with entering markets in which we may have no or limited prior experience;

• | the potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses;

• | difficulties in the assimilation of different corporate cultures and practices;

• | difficulties in bringing acquired products and businesses into compliance with applicable legal requirements in jurisdictions in which we operate and sell products;

• | substantial charges for acquisition costs, which are required to be expensed under accounting guidance on business combinations;

• | substantial charges for the amortization of certain purchased intangible assets, deferred stock compensation or similar items;

• | substantial impairments to goodwill or intangible assets in the event that an acquisition proves to be less valuable than the price we paid for it;

• | delays in realizing, or failure to realize, the anticipated benefits of an acquisition or disposal; and

• | the possibility that any acquisition or disposal may be viewed negatively by our customers or investors or the financial markets.

Competition within our industry for acquisitions of businesses, technologies, assets and product lines has been, and is likely to continue to be, intense. As such, even if we are able to identify an acquisition that we would like to consummate, we may not be able to complete the acquisition on commercially reasonable terms or because the target chooses to be acquired by another company. Furthermore, in the event that we are able to identify and consummate any future acquisitions, we may, in each of those acquisitions:

• | issue equity securities which would dilute current stockholders’ percentage ownership;

• | incur substantial debt to finance the acquisition or assume substantial debt in the acquisition;

• | incur significant acquisition-related expenses;

• | assume substantial liabilities, contingent or otherwise; or

• | expend significant cash.

These financing activities or expenditures could materially and adversely affect our operating results, cash flows and financial condition or the price of our common stock, or both. Alternatively, due to difficulties in the capital or credit markets at the time, we may be unable to secure capital necessary to complete an acquisition on reasonable terms, or at all.
Moreover, even if we were to obtain benefits from acquisitions in the form of increased revenue and earnings per share, there may be a delay between the time the expenses associated with an acquisition are incurred and the time we recognize such benefits.
As of September 27, 2013, we have approximately $198 million of goodwill recorded on our balance sheet associated with prior acquisitions. In the event we determine that our goodwill is impaired, we would be required to write down all or a portion of such goodwill, which could result in a material non-cash charge to our results of operations in the period in which such write-down occurs.
If we are unable to successfully address one or more of these risks, our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
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We may sell one or more of our product lines, from time to time, as a result of our evaluation of our products and markets, and any such divestiture could adversely affect our continuing business and our expenses, revenues, results of operation, cash flows and financial position.
We periodically evaluate our various product lines and may, as a result, consider the divestiture of one or more of those product lines. Any such divestiture could adversely affect our continuing business and expenses, revenues, results of operations, cash flows and financial position.
On February 18, 2013, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Aurora Networks pursuant to which we agreed to sell our cable access HFC business (the “Business”) for $46 million in cash. This disposition of the Business closed on March 5, 2013. Revenue from this Business in 2012 was approximately $53 million, which represented approximately 10% of our revenue for the year.
Divestitures of product lines have inherent risks, including the expense of selling the product line, the possibility that any anticipated sale will not occur, delays in closing any sale, the risk of lower-than-expected proceeds from the sale of the divested business, unexpected costs associated with the separation of the business to be sold from the seller’s information technology and other operating systems, and potential post-closing claims for indemnification or breach of transition services obligations of the seller. Expected cost savings, which are offset by revenue losses from divested businesses, may also be difficult to achieve or maximize due to the seller’s fixed cost structure, and a seller may experience varying success in reducing fixed costs or transferring liabilities previously associated with the divested business.
The sale of the Business will reduce future annual potential revenue, likely in the range of $50 million to $55 million, future annual expenses, including cost of sales, likely in the range of $45 million to $50 million, and cash flow. With this reduction in revenue and cash flow, the sale could also have an adverse affect on our continuing business, results of operations and financial position.
Broadband communications markets are characterized by rapid technological change.
Broadband communications markets are subject to rapid changes, making it difficult to accurately predict the markets’ future growth rates, sizes or technological directions. In view of the evolving nature of these markets, it is possible that pay TV service providers, broadcasters, content providers and other video production and delivery companies will decide to adopt alternative architectures, new business models, and/or technologies that are incompatible with our current or future products. In addition, successful new entrants into the media markets, both domestic and international, may impact existing industry business models, resulting in decreased spending by our existing customer base. Finally, decisions by customers to adopt new technologies or products are often delayed by extensive evaluation and qualification processes, which can result in delays in revenue from current and new products. If we are unable to design, develop, manufacture and sell products that incorporate, or are compatible with, these new architectures or technologies, our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows would be materially and adversely affected.
Our operating results could be adversely affected by natural disasters affecting the Company or impacting our third-party manufacturers, suppliers, distributors or customers.
Our headquarters and the majority of our operations are located in California, which is prone to earthquakes. In the event that any of our business centers are adversely affected by an earthquake or by any other natural disaster, we may sustain damage to our operations and properties, which could cause a sustained interruption or loss of affected operations, and cause us to suffer significant financial losses.
We rely on third-party manufacturers for the production of most of our products. Any significant disruption in the business or operations of such manufacturers or of their or our suppliers could adversely impact our business. Our principal third-party manufacturer and several of their and our suppliers and our distributors have operations in locations that are subject to natural disasters, such as severe weather, tsunamis, floods and earthquakes, which could disrupt their operations and, in turn, our operations.
In addition, if there is a major earthquake or other natural disaster in any of the locations in which our significant customers are located, we face the risk that our customers may incur losses or sustained business interruption, or both, which may materially impair their ability to continue their purchase of products from us. Accordingly, a major earthquake or other natural disaster in one of the geographies in which we, or our third-party manufacturers, their or our suppliers or our customers, operate could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
In order to manage our growth, we must be successful in addressing management succession issues and attracting and retaining qualified personnel.
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Our future success will depend, to a significant extent, on the ability of our management to operate effectively, both individually and as a group. We must successfully manage transition and replacement issues that may result from the departure or retirement of members of our executive management, whether in the context of an acquisition or otherwise. We cannot provide assurances that changes of management personnel in the future would not cause disruption to operations or customer relationships or a decline in our operating results.
We are also dependent on our ability to retain and motivate our existing highly qualified personnel, in addition to attracting new highly qualified personnel. Competition for qualified management, technical and other personnel is often intense, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. Competitors and others have in the past attempted, and are likely in the future to attempt, to recruit our employees. While our employees are required to sign standard agreements concerning confidentiality and ownership of inventions, we generally do not have employment contracts or non-competition agreements with any of our personnel. The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, the inability to attract or retain highly qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring such personnel, particularly senior management and engineers and other technical personnel, could negatively affect our business and operating results.
We could be negatively affected as a result of a future proxy contest and the actions of activist stockholders.
In April 2013, we received a notice from Voce Capital Partners LP and certain of its affiliates (collectively, “Voce”) that announced their intent to nominate three individuals for election to our Board of Directors-at our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. On July 9, 2013, Voce announced that it would not, in fact, nominate any individuals for election at our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, but would continue to “monitor” the Company. If a proxy contest with respect to election of our directors is initiated in the future, by Voce or any other activist stockholder, or if other activist stockholder activities occur, our business could be adversely affected because:

• | responding to a proxy contest and other actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupting our operations and diverting the attention of management and our employees;

• | perceived uncertainties as to our future direction caused by activist activities may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners; and

• | if individuals are elected to our Board of Directors with a specific agenda, it may adversely affect our ability to effectively and timely implement our strategic plans.

We may not be able to effectively manage our operations.
In recent years, the Company has grown significantly, principally through acquisitions, and expanded our international operations. Upon the closing of our acquisition of Scopus in 2009, we added 221 employees, most of whom are based in Israel. Upon the closing of the acquisition of Omneon in 2010, we added 286 employees, most of whom are based in the U.S.
As of September 27, 2013, we have 484 employees in our international operations, representing approximately 46% of our worldwide workforce. Our ability to manage our business effectively in the future, including with respect to any future growth, the integration of recent and any future acquisitions, and the breadth of our international operations, will require us to train, motivate and manage our employees successfully, to attract and integrate new employees into our overall operations, to retain key employees and to continue to improve our operational, financial and management systems. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in any of those regards, and our failure to effectively manage our operations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights and data may adversely affect us.
At September 27, 2013, we held 51 issued U.S. patents and 24 issued foreign patents, and have a number of patent applications pending. Although we attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through patents, trademarks, copyrights, licensing arrangements, maintaining certain technology as trade secrets and other measures, we can give no assurances that any patent, trademark, copyright or other intellectual property rights owned by us will not be invalidated, circumvented or challenged, that such intellectual property rights will provide competitive advantages to us, or that any of our pending or future patent applications will be issued with the scope of the claims sought by us, if at all. We can give no assurances that others will not develop technologies that are
similar or superior to our technologies, duplicate our technologies or design around the patents that we own. In addition, effective patent, copyright and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in certain foreign countries in which we do business or may do business in the future.
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We believe that patents and patent applications are not currently significant to our business, and we do not rely on our patent portfolio to give us a competitive advantage over others in our industry. We believe that the future success of our business will depend on our ability to translate the technological expertise and innovation of our personnel into new and enhanced products. We generally enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants, and vendors and our customers, as needed, and generally limit access to, and distribution of, our proprietary information. Nevertheless, we cannot provide assurances that the steps taken by us will prevent misappropriation of our technology. In addition, we have taken in the past, and may take in the future, legal action to enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management time and other resources, and could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
Recently reported hacking attacks on government and commercial computer systems, particularly attacks sponsored by foreign governments or enterprises, raise the risks that such an attack may compromise, in a material respect, one or more of our computer systems and permit hackers access to our proprietary information and data. If such an attack does, in fact, allow access to or theft of our proprietary information or data, our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
Our products include third-party technology and intellectual property, and our inability to acquire new technologies or use third-party technology in the future could harm our business.
In order to successfully develop and market certain of our planned products, we may be required to enter into technology development or licensing agreements with third parties. Although companies with technology useful to us are often willing to enter into technology development or licensing agreements with respect to such technology, we cannot provide assurances that such agreements may be negotiated on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The failure to enter, or a delay in entering, into such technology development or licensing agreements, when necessary or desirable, could limit our ability to develop and market new products and could materially and adversely affect our business.
We incorporate certain third-party technologies, including software programs, into our products, and, as noted, intend to utilize additional third-party technologies in the future. In addition, the technologies that we license may not operate properly or as specified, and we may not be able to secure alternatives in a timely manner, either of which could harm our business. We could face delays in product releases until alternative technology can be identified, licensed or developed, and integrated into our products, if we are able to do so at all. These delays, or a failure to secure or develop adequate technology, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We cannot assure you that our stock repurchase program will result in repurchases of our common stock or enhance long-term stockholder value, and repurchases, if any, could affect our stock price and increase its volatility and will diminish our cash reserves.
In April 2013, our Board of Directors approved a modified “Dutch Auction” tender offer to repurchase up to $100 million of shares of our common stock. The tender offer expired on May 24, 2013, and resulted in our repurchasing approximately 12 million shares of our common stock, at $6.25 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $75 million.
Now that the tender offer is completed, we have resumed purchases under our stock repurchase program. Under the program, we are authorized to repurchase up to $220 million of our common stock in open market transactions or pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. As of September 27, 2013, we had purchased an aggregate of $125.2 million of our common stock under this program, including under the tender offer. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased, if any, will depend on a variety of factors, including the price and availability of our shares, trading volume, general market conditions and projected cash positions. The program was suspended prior to the announcement of the tender offer, and may be suspended or discontinued at any time in the future without prior notice.
Repurchases pursuant to our tender offer and our stock repurchase program could affect our stock price and increase its volatility and will reduce the market liquidity for our stock. Additionally, these repurchases will diminish our cash reserves, which could impact our ability to pursue possible future strategic opportunities and acquisitions and would result in lower overall returns on our cash balances. There can be no assurance that any stock repurchases will, in fact, occur, or, if they occur, that they will enhance stockholder value because the market price of our common stock may decline below the levels at which we repurchased shares of stock. Although our tender offer and our stock repurchase program are intended to enhance long-term stockholder value, short-term stock price fluctuations could reduce the effectiveness of these repurchases.
We are subject to import and export controls that could subject us to liability or impair our ability to compete in international markets.
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Our products are subject to U.S. export controls, and may be exported outside the U.S. only with the required level of export license or through an export license exception, in most cases because we incorporate encryption technology into our products. In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain technology and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products, or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our products, in those countries. Changes in our products or changes in export and import regulations may delay the introduction of our products in international markets, prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our products throughout their global systems or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries altogether. Any change in export or import regulations or related legislation, shift in approach to the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, or change in the countries, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could result in decreased use of our products by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to, existing or potential international customers.
In addition, we may be subject to customs duties that could have a significant adverse impact on our operating results or, if we are able to pass on the related costs in any particular situation, would increase the cost of the related product to our customers. As a result, the future imposition of significant increases in the level of customs duties or the creation of import quotas on our products in Europe or in other jurisdictions, or any of the limitations on international sales described above, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows. Further, some of our customers in Europe have been, or are being, audited by local governmental authorities regarding the tariff classifications used for importation of our products. Import duties and tariffs vary by country and a different tariff classification for any of our products may result in higher duties or tariffs, which could have an adverse impact on our operating results and potentially increase the cost of the related products to our customers.
We may need additional capital in the future and may not be able to secure adequate funds on terms acceptable to us.
We have been engaged in the design, manufacture and sale of a variety of video products and system solutions since inception, which has required, and will continue to require, significant research and development expenditures.
We believe that our existing cash and short-term investments of approximately $169 million, at September 27, 2013, even as it may be reduced through possible future repurchases of our common stock under the stock repurchase program discussed on page 49, will satisfy our cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, we may need to raise additional funds to take advantage of presently unanticipated strategic opportunities, satisfy our other cash requirements from time to time, or strengthen our financial position. Our ability to raise funds may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including factors beyond our control, such as weakness in the economic conditions in markets in which we sell our products and continued uncertainty in financial, capital and credit markets. There can be no assurance that equity or debt financing will be available to us on reasonable terms, if at all, when and if it is needed.
In addition, we may, in the future, consider potential acquisitions that would complement our existing product offerings, enhance our technical capabilities, or expand our marketing and sales presence. Any future transaction of this nature could require potentially significant amounts of capital to finance the acquisition and related expenses, as well as to integrate operations following the acquisition, and could require us to issue our stock and dilute existing stockholders.
We may raise additional financing through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, or corporate partnership or licensing arrangements. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities or convertible debt, our stockholders may experience dilution. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. To the extent we raise capital through debt financing arrangements, we may be required to pledge assets or enter into covenants that could restrict our operations or our ability to incur further indebtedness and the interest on such debt may adversely affect our operating results.
If adequate capital is not available, or is not available on reasonable terms, when needed, we may not be able to take advantage of acquisition or other market opportunities, to timely develop new products, or to otherwise respond to competitive pressures.
Negative conditions in the global credit and financial markets may impair the liquidity or the value of a portion of our investment portfolio.
Negative conditions in the global credit and financial markets have adversely affected the liquidity of certain of our investments in the past. In the event we need or desire to access funds from the short-term investments that we hold, it is possible that we may not be able to do so due to market conditions. If a buyer is found, but is unwilling to purchase the investments at par or our cost, we may incur a loss. Further, rating downgrades of the security issuer or the third parties insuring such investments may require us to adjust the carrying value of these investments through an impairment charge. Our inability to sell all or some of our short-term investments at par or our cost, or rating downgrades of issuers or insurers of these securities, could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
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In addition, we invest our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments in a variety of investment vehicles, in a number of countries, with, and in the custody of, financial institutions with high credit ratings. While our investment policy and strategy attempt to manage interest rate risk, limit credit risk, and ensure we only invest in what we view as very high-quality securities, the outlook for our investment holdings is dependent on general economic conditions, interest rate trends and volatility in the financial marketplace, both internationally and in the U.S., which can all affect, directly and indirectly, the income that we receive, the value of our investments and our ability to sell those investments.
We believe that our investment securities are carried at fair value. However, over time the economic and market environment in which we conduct business may provide us with additional insight regarding the fair value of certain securities in our portfolio that could change our judgment regarding impairment of those securities. This could result in unrealized or realized losses in our securities, relating to other than temporary declines, being charged against income. Given current market conditions, particularly in Europe, there is continuing risk that declines in fair value of our portfolio securities may occur and impairments may be charged to income in future periods, which could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial position and cash flows.
If demand for our products increases more quickly than we expect, we may be unable to meet our customers’ requirements.
If demand for our products increases, the difficulty of accurately forecasting and meeting our customers’ requirements will increase. Forecasting to meet customers’ needs and effectively managing our supply chain is particularly difficult in connection with newer products. Our ability to meet customer demand depends significantly on the availability of components and other materials, as well as the ability of our contract manufacturers to scale their production. Furthermore, we purchase several key components, subassemblies and modules used in the manufacture or integration of our products from sole or limited sources. Our ability to meet customer requirements depends in part on our ability to obtain sufficient volumes of these materials in a timely fashion. Increases in demand on our suppliers and subcontractors from other customers may cause sporadic shortages of certain components and products.
In order to be able to respond to these issues, we have increased our inventories of certain components and products, particularly for our customers that order significant dollar amounts of our products, and expedited shipments of our products when necessary. These actions have increased our costs and could also increase our risk of holding obsolete or excessive inventory. We also employ a demand order fulfillment model which is designed to reduce the effects of increases or decreases in demand for any products. Nevertheless, we may be unable to respond to customer demand that increases more quickly than we expect. If we fail to meet customers’ supply expectations, our revenue would be adversely affected and we may lose sales opportunities, both short and long term, which could materially and adversely affect our business and our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We are subject to various laws and regulations related to the environment and potential climate change that could impose substantial costs upon us and may adversely affect our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
Our operations are regulated under various federal, state, local and international laws relating to the environment and potential climate change, including those governing the management, disposal and labeling of hazardous substances and wastes and the cleanup of contaminated sites. We could incur costs and fines, third-party property damage or personal injury claims, or could be required to incur substantial investigation or remediation costs, if we were to violate or become liable under environmental or other similar laws. The ultimate costs to us under these laws and the timing of these costs are difficult to predict.
We also face increasing complexity in our product design as we adjust to new and future requirements relating to the presence of certain substances in electronic products and making producers of those products financially responsible for the collection, treatment, recycling, and disposal of certain products. For example, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have enacted the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive, which regulates the collection, recovery and recycling of waste from electrical and electronic products, and the Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) directive, which bans the use of certain hazardous materials, including lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) that exceed certain specified levels. Legislation similar to RoHS and WEEE has been or may be enacted in other jurisdictions, including in the U.S., Japan and China. Our failure to comply with these laws could result in our being directly or indirectly liable for costs, fines or penalties and third-party claims, and could jeopardize our ability to conduct business in such regions and countries.
We also expect that our operations will be affected by other new environmental laws and regulations on an ongoing basis. Although we cannot predict the ultimate impact of any such new laws and regulations, they will likely result in additional costs, and could require that we redesign or change how we manufacture our products, any of which could have a material and adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
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Some anti-takeover provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.
We have provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws that could have the effect of rendering more difficult or discouraging an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board of Directors. These include provisions:

• | authorizing blank check preferred stock, which could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our common stock;

• | limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;

• | limiting the ability of our stockholders to call, and bring business before, special meetings;

• | requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our Board of Directors;

• | controlling the procedures for conduct and scheduling of Board of Directors and stockholder meetings; and

• | providing the Board of Directors with the express power to postpone previously scheduled annual meetings and to cancel previously scheduled special meetings.

These provisions, alone or together, could delay hostile takeovers, changes in control of the Company or changes in our management.
As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation law, which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of substantially all of our outstanding common stock.
Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.
Our common stock price may be extremely volatile, and the value of an investment in our stock may decline.
Our common stock price has been highly volatile. We expect that this volatility will continue in the future due to factors such as:

• | general market and economic conditions;

• | actual or anticipated variations in operating results;

• | increases or decreases in the general stock market or to the stock prices of technology companies;

• | announcements of technological innovations, new products or new services by us or by our competitors or customers;

• | changes in financial estimates or recommendations by stock market analysts regarding us or our competitors;

• | announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, dispositions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

• | announcements by our customers regarding end user market conditions and the status of existing and future infrastructure network deployments;

• | our recent completion of a tender offer in which we repurchased over 10% of our outstanding shares and any future repurchases under our stock repurchase program;

• | additions or departures of key personnel; and

• | future equity or debt offerings or our announcements of these offerings.

In addition, in recent years, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Stock Market and the securities of technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of individual companies. These broad market fluctuations have in the past, and may in the future, materially and adversely affect our stock price, regardless of our operating results. In these
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circumstances, investors may be unable to sell their shares of our common stock at or above their purchase price over the short term, or at all.
Our stock price may decline if additional shares are sold in the market or if analysts drop coverage of or downgrade our stock.
Future sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock by our existing stockholders in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In addition, we will be required to issue substantial amounts of additional shares upon exercise of stock options, including under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or grants of restricted stock units. Increased sales of our common stock in the market after exercise of outstanding stock options or grants of restricted stock units could exert downward pressure on our stock price. These sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price we deem appropriate.
The trading market for our common stock relies in part on the availability of research and reports that third-party industry or securities analysts publish about us. If one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade our stock, our stock price may decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause the liquidity of our stock and our stock price to decline.
We are exposed to additional costs and risks associated with complying with increasing regulation of corporate governance and disclosure standards.
We have spent, and expect to continue to spend, a substantial amount of management time and costly external resources to comply with changes in laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, SEC regulations, the NASDAQ Stock Market rules and applicable provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010. In particular, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires management’s annual review and evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting and attestation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting by our independent registered public accounting firm in connection with the filing of our Form 10-K for each fiscal year. We have documented and tested our internal control systems and procedures and have made improvements in order for us to comply with the requirements of Section 404. This process has required us to hire additional personnel and outside advisory services and has resulted in significant additional expenses.
While our management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting resulted in our conclusion that, as of December 31, 2012, our internal control over financial reporting was effective, and our independent registered public accounting firm has attested that our internal control over financial reporting was effective in all material respects as of December 31, 2012, we cannot predict the outcome of our testing and that of our independent registered public accounting firm in future periods. If we conclude in future periods that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide an unqualified attestation as of future year-ends, we may incur substantial additional costs in an effort to correct such problems and investors may lose confidence in our financial statements, and the price of our stock will likely decrease in the short term, until we correct such problems, and perhaps in the long term, as well.
In addition, all public companies are subject to new requirements under the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 that will require us to diligence, disclose, and report whether or not our products contain conflict minerals. The implementation of these new requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability, and pricing of the materials used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices or other components used in our products. In addition, we will incur additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting diligence procedures to determine the sources of conflict minerals that may be used or necessary to the production of our products and, if applicable, potential changes to products, processes or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. It is also possible that we may face reputational harm if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict free and/or we are unable to alter our products, processes or sources of supply to avoid such materials.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
On April 24, 2012, the Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program that provided for the repurchase of up to $25 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock during the term of the program. On January 28, 2013, our Board of Directors approved a $75 million increase to the existing $25 million stock repurchase program. On February 19, 2013, the Board approved a further $35 million increase to the program upon the closing of a sale of the Company’s cable access HFC business. On July 16, 2013, the Board approved a further $85 million increase to the program, resulting in an aggregate of $220 million in purchases approved under the program.
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Under the program, we are authorized to repurchase shares of common stock in open market transactions or pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased, if any, will depend on a variety of factors, including the price and availability of our shares, trading volume and general market conditions. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.
As of September 27, 2013, the Company has repurchased approximately $125.2 million of its common stock, approximately $50.2 million of which was spent on open market transactions under the stock repurchase program and approximately $75 million of which was spent in the Company’s recent “modified Dutch auction” tender offer, which closed on May 24, 2013. In the tender offer, the Company repurchased approximately 12.0 million shares at $6.25 per share. The total cost of the stock repurchase under the tender offer was approximately $76 million, including $1.0 million of fees and expenses. On June 16, 2013, our Board approved the reinitiating of the Company’s repurchase program, which was suspended during the tender offer.
The table below sets forth the stock repurchase activity for the quarter ended September 27, 2013 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Period | Total Number of Shares Repurchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan or Program |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plan or Program
June29, 2013 - July 26, 2013 | 303 |  |  | $ | 6.38 |  |  | 303 |  |  | $ | 100,571 |
July27, 2013 - August 23, 2013 | 280 |  |  | $ | 7.75 |  |  | 280 |  |  | $ | 98,402 |
August 24, 2013 - September 27, 2013 | 482 |  |  | $ | 7.44 |  |  | 482 |  |  | $ | 94,815 |
| 1,065 |  |  | $ | 7.22 |  |  | 1,065 |  |  |

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number | Exhibit Index
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Harmonic Inc.
10.1 | Amendment No. 2 to Loan Agreement between Harmonic Inc. and Silicon Valley Bank
31.1(1) | Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer
31.2(1) | Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer
32.1(2) | Section 906 Certification of Principal Executive Officer
32.2(2) | Section 906 Certification of Principal Financial Officer
101 | The following materials from Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 27, 2013, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) includes:
| (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 27, 2013 and December 31, 2012, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 27, 2013 and September 28, 2012, and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(1) | Filed herewith

(2) | Furnished herewith

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

HARMONIC INC.
By: | /s/ Carolyn V. Aver
| Carolyn V. Aver
| Chief Financial Officer
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
| Date: November 4, 2013

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