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Segment Information | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment Information | SEGMENT INFORMATION, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which separate financial information is available and evaluated by the Company’s CODM, which for the Company is its Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Based on our internal reporting structure, the Company consists of two operating segments: Video and Cable Access. The operating segments were determined based on the nature of the products offered. The Video segment provides video processing and production and playout solutions and services worldwide to broadcast and media companies, streaming new media companies, cable operators, and satellite and telecommunications (telco) Pay-TV service providers. The Cable Access segment provides CableOS cable access solutions and related services to cable operators globally. The following table provides summary financial information by reportable segment (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 (1) |  | 2017
Video |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 278,028 |  |  | $ | 313,828 |  |  | $ | 319,473 |
Gross profit | 162,156 |  |  | 178,170 |  |  | 173,414 |
Operating income (loss) | 15,837 |  |  | 26,170 |  |  | (2,024 | )
Cable Access |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 124,846 |  |  | $ | 89,730 |  |  | $ | 38,773 |
Gross profit | 68,548 |  |  | 39,029 |  |  | 8,892 |
Operating income (loss) | 22,171 |  |  | (1,756 | ) |  | (23,154 | )
Total |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 402,874 |  |  | $ | 403,558 |  |  | $ | 358,246 |
Gross profit | 230,704 |  |  | 217,199 |  |  | 182,306 |
Operating income (loss) | 38,008 |  |  | 24,414 |  |  | (25,178 | )
(1) The Company has historically employed an aggregate allocation methodology based on total revenues to attribute professional services revenue and sales expenses between its Video and Cable Access segments. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company prospectively changed to a more precise attribution methodology as the activities of selling and supporting the CableOS solution have become increasingly distinct from those of Video solutions. The impact of making this change for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the Company’s historical approach was an increase in operating loss of $5.9 million from the Video segment and a corresponding decrease in operating loss of the Cable Access segment. The Company believes that the updated allocation methodology provides greater clarity regarding the operating metrics of the Video and Cable Access business segments. A reconciliation of the Company’s consolidated segment operating income (loss) to consolidated loss before income taxes is as follows (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 (1)
Total segment operating income (loss) | $ | 38,008 |  |  | $ | 24,414 |  |  | $ | (25,178 | )
Unallocated corporate expenses (1) | (4,532 | ) |  | (3,769 | ) |  | (20,767 | )
Stock-based compensation | (12,074 | ) |  | (17,289 | ) |  | (16,610 | )
Amortization of intangibles | (8,319 | ) |  | (8,367 | ) |  | (8,322 | )
Consolidated income (loss) from operations | 13,083 |  |  | (5,011 | ) |  | (70,877 | )
Loss on debt extinguishment | (5,695 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-operating expense, net | (13,984 | ) |  | (11,937 | ) |  | (13,830 | )
Loss before income taxes | (6,596 | ) |  | $ | (16,948 | ) |  | $ | (84,707 | )
(1) For the year ended December 31, 2017, the unallocated corporate expenses included acquisition- and integration-related costs, French VDP costs (see Note 11, “Restructuring and Related charges,” for more information on French VDP) and Cable Access product line inventory obsolescence costs, totaling $7.9 million. In addition, in fiscal 2017, the unallocated corporate expenses included $8.0 million of Avid litigation settlement cost and associated legal fees (see Note 20, “Legal Proceedings,” for more information). The remaining unallocated corporate expenses for all years presented above include primarily other restructuring charges and excess facilities charges. Unallocated Corporate Expenses Together with amortization of intangibles and stock-based compensation, the Company does not allocate restructuring and related charges, acquisition- and integration-related costs, and certain other non-recurring charges to the operating income (loss) for each segment because management does not include this information in the measurement of the performance of the operating segments. A measure of assets by segment is not applicable as segment assets are not included in the discrete financial information provided to the CODM. Geographic Information The geographic distribution of Harmonic’s revenue and property and equipment, net is summarized in the tables below (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net revenue (1): |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 202,272 |  |  | $ | 181,965 |  |  | $ | 131,773 |
Other countries | 200,602 |  |  | 221,593 |  |  | 226,473 |
Total | $ | 402,874 |  |  | $ | 403,558 |  |  | $ | 358,246 |
(1) Revenue is attributed to countries based on the location of the customer. Other than the U.S., no single country accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.
| As of December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Property and equipment, net: |  |  |
United States | $ | 13,301 |  |  | $ | 10,376 |
Israel | 5,919 |  |  | 6,975 |
France | 2,615 |  |  | 3,519 |
Other countries | 1,093 |  |  | 1,451 |
Total | $ | 22,928 |  |  | $ | 22,321 |
Customer Concentration Net revenue from Comcast accounted for 23% and 15% of the total revenue during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134510 + Details
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