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DEBT | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
DEBT | DEBT Convertible Senior Notes Due 2022 On March 13, 2017, the Company completed a private placement of $345.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 2.375% convertible senior notes due 2022, or 2022 Notes, and entered into an indenture, or 2022 Indenture, with respect to the 2022 Notes. The 2022 Notes accrue interest at a fixed rate of 2.375% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The 2022 Notes mature on April 1, 2022. The total debt composition of the 2022 Notes is as follows (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
2.375% convertible senior notes due 2022 | $ | 345,000 |  |  | $ | 345,000 |
Deferred financing costs | (5,850 | ) |  | (7,482 | )
Discount on debt | (48,558 | ) |  | (61,345 | )
Total debt, net of debt discount and deferred financing costs | $ | 290,592 |  |  | $ | 276,173 |
The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2022 Notes were $334.0 million, after deducting commissions and the offering expenses paid by the Company. A portion of the net proceeds from the 2022 Notes were used by the Company to repurchase the majority of its then-outstanding convertible senior notes due 2019 in privately-negotiated transactions. Holders may convert the 2022 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2021, only under the following circumstances: (i) during any calendar quarter commencing after June 30, 2017 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (ii) during the five business-day period immediately after any five consecutive trading-day period (the ‘‘measurement period’’) in which the trading price (as defined in the 2022 Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of the 2022 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (iii) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, including a merger or a sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; or (iv) if the Company calls the 2022 Notes for redemption, until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the redemption date. On or after October 1, 2021, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding April 1, 2022, holders may convert their 2022 Notes at any time. Upon conversion, holders will receive the principal amount of their 2022 Notes and any excess conversion value, calculated based on the per share volume-weighted average price for each of the 40 consecutive trading days during the observation period (as more fully described in the 2022 Indenture). For both the principal and excess conversion value, holders may receive cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option. The initial conversion rate for the 2022 Notes is 14.9491 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of $66.89 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. The initial conversion price of the 2022 Notes represents a premium of approximately 37.5% to the closing sale price of $48.65 per share of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on March 7, 2017, the date that the Company priced the private offering of the 2022 Notes. As of December 31, 2018, the 2022 Notes had a market price of $998 per $1,000 principal amount. In the event of conversion, holders would forgo all future interest payments, any unpaid accrued interest and the possibility of stock price appreciation. Upon the receipt of conversion requests, the settlement of the 2022 Notes will be paid pursuant to the terms of the 2022 Indenture. In the event that all of the 2022 Notes are converted, the Company would be required to repay the $345.0 million in principal value and any conversion premium in any combination of cash and shares of its common stock (at the Company’s option). Prior to April 1, 2020, the Company may not redeem the 2022 Notes. On or after April 1, 2020, the Company may redeem for cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option, all or part of the 2022 Notes if the last reported sale price (as defined in the 2022 Indenture) of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading-day period ending within five trading days prior to the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption. The redemption price will equal the sum of (i) 100% of the principal amount of the 2022 Notes being redeemed, plus (ii) accrued and unpaid interest, including additional interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, calling the 2022 Notes for redemption will constitute a “make whole fundamental change” (as defined in the 2022 Indenture) and will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of such notes if it is converted in connection with the redemption. No sinking fund is provided for the 2022 Notes. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change, as defined in the 2022 Indenture, subject to certain conditions, holders of the 2022 Notes may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of their 2022 Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2022 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, if a ‘‘make-whole fundamental change’’ (as defined in the 2022 Indenture) occurs prior to April 1, 2022, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with the make-whole fundamental change. The 2022 Notes are the Company’s general unsecured obligations that rank senior in right of payment to all of its indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2022 Notes, and equal in right of payment to the Company’s unsecured indebtedness. The 2022 Notes are also effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, and are structurally subordinated to any debt or other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company’s subsidiaries. While the 2022 Notes are currently classified on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018 as long-term debt, the future convertibility and resulting balance sheet classification of this liability will be monitored at each quarterly reporting date and will be analyzed dependent upon market prices of the Company’s common stock during the prescribed measurement periods. In the event that the holders of the 2022 Notes have the right to convert the 2022 Notes at any time during the prescribed measurement period, the 2022 Notes would then be considered a current obligation and classified as such. Under ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments (such as the 2022 Notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The liability component of the instrument is valued in a manner that reflects the market interest rate for a similar nonconvertible instrument at the date of issuance. The initial carrying value of the liability component of $274.1 million was calculated using a 7.45% assumed borrowing rate. The equity component of $70.9 million, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2022 Notes and was recorded in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheet at the issuance date. That equity component is treated as a discount on the liability component of the 2022 Notes, which is amortized over the five-year term of the 2022 Notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component is not re-measured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The Company allocated the total transaction costs of $11.0 million related to the issuance of the 2022 Notes to the liability and equity components of the 2022 Notes based on their relative values. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component are amortized to interest expense over the five-year term of the 2022 Notes, and transaction costs attributable to the equity component are netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. The 2022 Notes do not contain any financial or operating covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, the issuance of other indebtedness or the issuance or repurchase of securities by the Company. The 2022 Indenture contains customary events of default with respect to the 2022 Notes, including that upon certain events of default, 100% of the principal and accrued and unpaid interest on the 2022 Notes will automatically become due and payable. Convertible Senior Notes Due 2019 On January 23, 2013, the Company completed a private placement of $120.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.25% convertible senior notes due 2019, or 2019 Notes. The 2019 Notes accrued interest at a fixed rate of 3.25% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year. In 2017, the Company used part of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2022 Notes discussed above to repurchase $118.2 million aggregate principal of the 2019 Notes in cash and the issuance of approximately 2.5 million shares of common stock in privately-negotiated transactions. The partial repurchase of the 2019 Notes resulted in a $3.7 million loss on early extinguishment of debt. At both December 31, 2018 and 2017, the principal outstanding on the 2019 Notes was $338 thousand, which was paid in full upon maturity on February 1, 2019. As of February 1, 2019, no amounts under the 2019 Notes remained outstanding. Interest Expense The following table sets forth the total interest expense recognized in the periods presented (dollar amounts in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Contractual interest expense | $ | 8,205 |  |  | $ | 7,344 |  |  | $ | 3,852 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 1,634 |  |  | 1,381 |  |  | 612 |
Amortization of debt discount | 12,799 |  |  | 10,423 |  |  | 4,088 |
Capitalized interest and other (Note 6) | (689 | ) |  | (1,101 | ) |  | (1,491 | )
Total | $ | 21,949 |  |  | $ | 18,047 |  |  | $ | 7,061 |
Effective interest rate on convertible senior notes | 7.81 | % |  | 7.77 | % |  | 7.22 | %

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- Definition The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564 + Details
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