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Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities |
1 5. | Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities
A three-tier fair value hierarchy has been established which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:
| • | Level 1 - defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
| • | Level 2 - defined as observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and
| • | Level 3 - defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
Long-Term Debt: Our financial assets and liabilities that are disclosed but not measured at fair value include the 2024 Senior Secured Notes and the 2022 Convertible Notes, and, while outstanding, the 2020 Convertible Notes, which are reflected on the consolidated balance sheet at cost. The fair value measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy since they are based on quoted market prices of our instruments in markets that are not active. We estimated the fair value of the 2024 Senior Secured Notes, the 2022 Convertible Notes, and, while outstanding, the 2020 Convertible Notes, by calculating the upfront cash payment a market participant would require to assume these obligations. The upfront cash payments used in the calculations of fair value on our September 30, 2020 unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet, excluding any issuance costs, are the amount that a market participant would be willing to lend at September 30, 2020 to an entity with a credit rating similar to ours and that would allow such an entity to achieve sufficient cash inflows to cover the scheduled cash outflows under the 2024 Senior Secured Notes, the 2022 Convertible Notes and, while outstanding, the 2020 Convertible Notes. The calculated fair value of each of the 2022 Convertible Notes and, while outstanding, the 2020 Convertible Notes is correlated to our stock price and as a result, significant changes to our stock price could have a significant impact on their calculated fair values. The fair value and carrying value of long-term debt as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):
| September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
| Fair Value (1) |  |  | Carrying Value |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value (1) |  |  | Carrying Value |  |  |  |
2024 Senior Secured Notes | $ | 989,000 |  |  | $ | 921,672 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | $ | 982,000 |  |  | $ | 921,137 |  |  | (2 | )
2022 Convertible Notes | $ | 379,000 |  |  | $ | 211,643 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | $ | 297,000 |  |  | $ | 201,868 |  |  | (3 | )
2020 Convertible Notes | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,498 |  |  | $ | 2,498 |  |  |  |
(1) | Fair value amounts are rounded to the nearest million, except for the 2020 Convertible Notes, as of December 31, 2019.
(2) | Carrying value of the 2024 Senior Secured Notes reflects the unaccreted debt discount of $3.3 million and $3.9 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. See Note 11, “Long-Term Debt and Other Liabilities,” for further information.
(3) | Carrying value of the 2022 Convertible Notes reflects the unaccreted debt discount of $26.1 million and $35.9 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. See Note 11, “Long-Term Debt and Other Liabilities,” for further information.
We have held-to-maturity financial instruments where carrying value approximates fair value. There were no fair value adjustments to these financial instruments during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=117815213&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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