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Income Tax
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax
12.
Income Tax

The effective income tax rates for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were 17.7% and 8.0%, respectively. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2023, our effective income tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to a partial release of the valuation allowance on our deferred income tax assets and tax benefits for research and development tax credits and stock-based compensation, partially offset by state income taxes. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2022, our effective income tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax benefits for stock-based compensation and a partial release of the valuation allowance on our deferred income tax assets.

We regularly assess the need for a valuation allowance related to our deferred income tax assets to determine, based on the weight of the available positive and negative evidence, whether it is more likely than not that some or all of such deferred assets will not be realized. In our assessments, the Company considers recent financial operating results, the scheduled expiration of our net operating losses, potential sources of taxable income, the reversal of existing taxable differences, taxable income in prior carryback years, if permitted under tax law, and tax planning strategies. The remaining valuation allowance is still required for deferred income tax assets related to certain state and foreign net operating losses (“NOLs”), capital losses, and the Section 163(j) interest limitation carryforward as it was more likely than not as of March 31, 2023 that these deferred income tax assets will not be realized. However, if we continue to sustain our current operating performance, additional reversals of our valuation allowance could occur in fiscal year 2023.

We are subject to taxation and file income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction and many states and Canada. With few exceptions, as of March 31, 2023 we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019.

We record penalties and interest relating to uncertain tax positions in the income tax provision line item in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. No penalties or interest related to uncertain tax positions were recorded for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we did not have a liability recorded for interest or potential penalties.