11. Collaborative Research, Development and License Agreements

GlaxoSmithKline

In December 2008, we entered into a worldwide strategic alliance with GSK to discover, develop and commercialize toll-like receptor (“TLR”) inhibitors. We received an initial payment of $10 million and agreed to conduct research and early clinical development in up to four programs. The deliverables under this arrangement did not have stand-alone value and so did not qualify as separate units of accounting. In 2011, we earned $15 million in milestone payments related to the initiation of Phase 1 and proof-of-mechanism clinical trials of DV1179 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and expansion of our collaboration with GSK to develop a TLR8 inhibitor. We are eligible to receive future development milestone payments which we have determined to be substantive milestones. GSK can exercise its exclusive option to license each program upon achievement of certain events and we are eligible to receive contingent option exercise payments. If GSK exercises an option, GSK would carry out further development and commercialization of the corresponding products. We are eligible to receive tiered, up to double-digit royalties on sales of any products originating from the collaboration and have retained an option to co-develop and co-promote one product under this agreement.

Revenue from the initial payment from GSK was deferred and is being recognized over the expected period of performance under the agreement which is estimated to be seven years. The following table summarizes the revenues earned under our agreement with GSK (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2012		2011		2010
Initial payment	$	1,428	$	1,428	$	1,428
Milestone revenue		—		15,000		—

Total	$	1,428	$	16,428	$	1,428

As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, deferred revenue relating to the initial payment was $4.2 million and $5.7 million, respectively.

Absent early termination, the agreement will expire when all of GSK’s payment obligations expire. Either party may terminate the agreement early upon written notice if the other party commits an uncured material breach of the agreement. Either party may terminate the agreement in the event of insolvency of the other party. GSK also has the option to terminate the agreement without cause upon prior written notice within a specified window of time dependent upon the stage of clinical development of the programs.

AstraZeneca

In September 2006, we entered into a three-year research collaboration and license agreement with AstraZeneca for the discovery and development of TLR9 agonist-based therapies for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The deliverables under this arrangement did not have stand-alone value and so did not qualify as separate units of accounting. We received an upfront payment of $10 million. In 2008, we received a milestone payment of $4.5 million for the nomination of the first candidate drug, AZD1419, for asthma. The research term of this agreement was extended through July 2010.

In October 2011, we amended our agreement with AstraZeneca to provide that we will conduct initial clinical development of AZD1419. Under the terms of the amended agreement, AstraZeneca will fund all program expenses to cover the cost of development activities through Phase 2a, estimated to total approximately $20 million. We received an initial payment of $3 million to begin the clinical development program. In the first quarter of 2012, we received a $2.6 million payment to advance AZD1419 into preclinical toxicology studies and these toxicology studies were completed in the third quarter of 2012. We and AstraZeneca have agreed to advance AZD1419 towards a Phase 1 clinical trial, which resulted in a development funding payment of $6 million, received in the fourth quarter of 2012. If AstraZeneca chooses to advance the program following completion of Phase 2a, we will receive a $20 million milestone payment and AstraZeneca will retain its rights to develop the candidate therapy and to commercialize the resulting asthma product. Additionally, we are eligible to receive potential future development funding payments and, upon commercialization, we are eligible to receive royalties based on product sales of any products originating from the collaboration. We have the option to co-promote in the United States products arising from the collaboration, if any. AstraZeneca has the right to sublicense its rights upon our prior consent.

Revenue from the 2011 amendment has been deferred and is being recognized as the development work is performed over the estimated performance period of approximately 50 months. The following table summarizes the revenues earned under our agreement with AstraZeneca (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2012		2011		2010
Initial payments	$	720	$	120	$	10,778
Performance of research activities		2,462		642		3,315

Total	$	3,182	$	762	$	14,093

As of December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, deferred revenue from the initial payment and development funding payments was $7.7 million and $4.9 million, respectively.

Absent early termination, the agreement will expire when all of AstraZeneca’s payment obligations expire. AstraZeneca has the right to terminate the agreement at any time upon prior written notice and either party may terminate the agreement early upon written notice if the other party commits an uncured material breach of the agreement.

National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) and Other Funding

We have been awarded various grants from the NIH and the NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (“NIAID”) in order to fund research. The awards are related to specific research objectives and we earn revenue as the related research expenses are incurred. We have earned revenue during the three years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 from the following awards:

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June 2012, NIH awarded us $0.6 million to fund research in screening for inhibitors of TLR8 for treatment of autoimmune diseases.

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May 2012, NIH awarded us $0.4 million to fund development of TLR8 inhibitors for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

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July 2011, NIH awarded us $0.6 million to fund research in preclinical models of skin autoimmune inflammation.

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August 2010, NIAID awarded us a grant from the NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (“NIAID”) to take a systems biology approach to study the differences between individuals who do or do not respond to vaccination against the hepatitis B virus. This study will be one of several projects conducted under a grant to the Baylor Institute of Immunology Research in Dallas as part of the Human Immune Phenotyping Centers program. We have been awarded a total of $1.1 million under this grant.

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July 2010, NIH awarded us $0.6 million to explore the feasibility of developing a universal vaccine to prevent infection by human papilloma virus.

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September 2008, NIAID awarded us a five-year $17 million contract to develop our ISS technology using TLR9 agonists as vaccine adjuvants. The contract supports adjuvant development for anthrax as well as other disease models.

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July 2008, NIH awarded us a $1.8 million to develop a therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease.

The following table summarizes the revenues earned under the various arrangements with the NIH and NIAID (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2012		2011		2010
NIAID contracts	$	3,571	$	2,730	$	3,197
All other NIH contracts		368		380		743

Total grant revenue	$	3,939	$	3,110	$	3,940

Merck & Co., Inc. (“Merck”)

In October 2007, we entered into a global license and development collaboration agreement and a related manufacturing agreement with Merck to jointly develop HEPLISAV. On December 18, 2008, Merck provided notice of its termination of the collaboration, at which time all development, manufacturing and commercialization rights to HEPLISAV reverted to us. In March 2010, we recognized collaboration revenue of $4 million upon receipt of a payment to us in satisfaction of Merck’s obligations for the wind down period following Merck’s written notice of termination.