4. Commitments and Contingencies

We lease our facilities in Berkeley, California (“Berkeley Lease”) and Düsseldorf, Germany (“Düsseldorf Lease”) under operating leases that expire in June 2018 and March 2023, respectively. The Berkeley Lease provides for periods of escalating rent. The total cash payments over the life of the lease are divided by the total number of months in the lease period and the average rent is charged to expense each month during the lease period. We entered into sublease agreements under the Düsseldorf Lease for a certain portion of the leased space. The sublease income is offset against our rent expense.

During September 2013, we decided not to occupy a portion of our facility in Berkeley, California. As a result, we recorded an estimated unoccupied facility expense of $0.9 million in the third quarter of 2013, representing the present value of the rent payments and other costs associated with the lease, net of estimated sublease income, for the remaining life of the operating lease. During March 2014, we reassessed our timing and ability to sublet a portion of our facility and recorded an additional unoccupied facility expense of $0.1 million as of March 31, 2014.

Total net rent expense related to our operating leases for both three month periods ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, was $0.4 million. Deferred rent was $0.6 million as of both March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Future minimum payments under the non-cancelable portion of our operating leases at March 31, 2014, excluding payments from sublease agreements, are as follows (in thousands):

Years ending December 31,
2014 (remaining)	$	1,679
2015		2,282
2016		2,332
2017		2,382
2018		1,350
Thereafter		2,496
Total	$	12,521

In addition to the non-cancelable commitments included above, we have entered into contractual arrangements that obligate us to make payments to the contractual counterparties upon the occurrence of future events. In addition, in the normal course of operations, we have entered into license and other agreements and intend to continue to seek additional rights relating to compounds or technologies in connection with our discovery, manufacturing and development programs. Under the terms of the agreements, we may be required to pay future up-front fees, milestones, royalties on net sales of products originating from the licensed technologies, if any, or other payments contingent upon the occurrence of future events that cannot reasonably be estimated.

We rely on research institutions, contract research organizations, clinical investigators as well as clinical and commercial material manufacturers of our product candidates. As of March 31, 2014, under the terms of our agreements, including certain agreements relating to the April 2014 initiation of the Phase 3 trial of HEPLISAV-B, we are obligated to make future payments as services are provided of approximately $38.4 million through 2016. These agreements are terminable by us upon written notice. Generally, we are liable only for actual effort expended by the organizations at any point in time during the contract through the notice period.

Under the terms of our exclusive license agreements with The Regents of the University of California, as amended, for certain technology and related patent rights and materials, we pay annual license or maintenance fees and will be required to pay milestones, and low single-digit royalties on net sales, if any, of certain products originating from the licensed technologies.