In January 2021, we adopted the Dynavax Technologies Corporation 2021 Inducement Award Plan (“2021 Inducement Plan”), pursuant to which we reserved 1,500,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the plan to be used exclusively for grants of awards to individuals who were not previously our employees or directors. In June 2021, we amended the 2021 Inducement Plan (“Amended 2021 Inducement Plan”) to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved under the 2021 Inducement Plan to 3,250,000. The Amended 2021 Inducement Plan was terminated effective as of April 3, 2022 and, therefore, there are no shares of our common stock available for grant.

In May 2022, our stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Amended 2018 EIP”) to, among other things, increase the authorized number of shares of common stock by 15,000,000. The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Amended 2018 EIP, will not exceed 32,600,000 shares of common stock. As

of March 31, 2024, the Amended 2018 EIP and the Amended and Restated 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan are our active plans (the "Plans").

The Amended 2018 EIP is administered by our Board of Directors, or a designated committee of the Board of Directors, and awards granted under the Amended 2018 EIP have a term of seven years unless earlier terminated by the Board of Directors. As of March 31, 2024, there were 3,035,397 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Amended 2018 EIP.

Under our Amended 2018 EIP, we may grant stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance-based awards, and other awards that are settled in shares of our common stock. Our equity awards generally vest over a three-year period contingent upon continuous service and unless exercised, expire seven or ten years from the date of grant (or earlier upon termination of continuous service). Activity under our Plans is set forth below:

The following table summarizes the activity of stock options for the three months ended March 31, 2024:


	Shares Underlying Outstanding Options (in thousands)			Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2023		10,120		$	10.78		4.18	$	37,388
Options granted		1,505			12.46
Options exercised		(240	)		6.82
Options cancelled:
Options forfeited (unvested)		(2	)		9.52
Options expired (vested)		(89	)		15.46
Balance as of March 31, 2024		11,294		$	11.05		4.39	$	23,032
Vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2024		11,050		$	11.03		4.35	$	22,954
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024		7,653		$	10.56		3.59	$	20,912

The following table summarizes the activity of RSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2024:


	Number of Shares (in thousands)			Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Non-vested as of December 31, 2023		4,445		$	11.57
Granted		2,962			12.49
Vested (1)		(1,637	)		11.11
Forfeited		(54	)		12.91
Non-vested as of March 31, 2024		5,716		$	12.16

(1) Inclusive of approximately 642,344 RSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which were not converted into shares due to net share settlement in order to cover the required amount of employee withholding taxes. The value of the withheld shares was classified as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

We granted market-based performance restricted stock units (“PSUs”) to certain executives. These PSUs vest upon a specified market condition. The summary of PSU activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is as follows:


	Number of Shares (in thousands)		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Non-vested as of December 31, 2023		557	$	15.95
Granted		558		17.23
Non-vested as of March 31, 2024		1,115	$	16.59

As of March 31, 2024, approximately 36,000 shares underlying performance-based options were outstanding.

The fair value of each time-based option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The fair value of each RSU is determined at the date of grant using our closing stock price. The fair value of each PSU is estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation method on the date of grant. The weighted-average assumptions used in the calculations of these fair value measurements are as follows:


	Stock Options						Market-Based Performance Stock Units
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Weighted-average fair value per share	$	7.88		$	7.28		$	17.23		$	18.25
Risk-free interest rate		4.2	%		4.0	%		4.3	%		4.3	%
Expected life (in years)		4.5			4.5			2.9			2.9
Volatility		0.8			0.8			0.6			0.9

Compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest and reflects estimated forfeitures. For equity awards with time-based vesting, the fair value is amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods.

We have also granted performance-based equity awards to certain of our employees. For equity awards with performance-based vesting criteria, the fair value is amortized to expense when the achievement of the vesting criteria becomes probable.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recorded in each component of operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, and amounts capitalized to our inventories (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Research and development	$	2,665	$	2,112
Selling, general and administrative		8,920		6,830
Cost of sales - product		559		695
Inventories		870		397
Total	$	13,014	$	10,034