<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-19-315711.txt : 20191217
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-19-315711.hdr.sgml : 20191217
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20191217091240
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-19-315711
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20191212
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20191217
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20191217

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			NEKTAR THERAPEUTICS
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000906709
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				943134940
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-24006
		FILM NUMBER:		191288684

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		455 MISSION BAY BOULEVARD SOUTH
		CITY:			SAN FRANCISCO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94158
		BUSINESS PHONE:		4154825300

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		455 MISSION BAY BOULEVARD SOUTH
		CITY:			SAN FRANCISCO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94158

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	INHALE THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19980723

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	INHALE THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19940303
</SEC-HEADER>
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<td style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</td></tr></table> <p style="margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:6pt"></p>
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<td style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</td></tr></table> <p style="margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:6pt"></p>
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<td style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</td></tr></table> <p style="margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:6pt"></p>
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<td style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</td></tr></table> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:12pt">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt">Title of each class</p></td>
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<td style="border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt">Name of each exchange</p> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt">on which registered</p></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" contextRef="duration_2019-12-12_to_2019-12-12">NKTR</ix:nonNumeric></p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" contextRef="duration_2019-12-12_to_2019-12-12" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen">NASDAQ Global Select Market</ix:nonNumeric></p></td></tr></table> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:12pt">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:12pt">Emerging growth company&#160;&#160;<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" contextRef="duration_2019-12-12_to_2019-12-12" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:12pt">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal">&#9744;</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:10pt"></p> <div style="text-align:center"> <p style="line-height:0.5pt;border-bottom:0.50px solid #000000;width:100%;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p></div> <div style="text-align:center"> <p style="line-height:3pt;border-bottom:0.50px solid #000000;width:100%;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt">&#160;</p></div> <div></div> <p style="margin-top:0"></p></div>

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<td style="width:10%;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;">Item&#160;5.02. </td>
<td style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers</td> </tr> </table> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;text-indent:4%;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:6pt">(d) On December&#160;16, 2019, Myriam J. Curet, M.D., was appointed to the board of directors (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration:underline">Board</span>&#8221;) of Nektar Therapeutics, a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration:underline">Company</span>&#8221;), as a Class&#160;I Director whose initial term will end at our 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Our board has determined that Dr.&#160;Curet is an independent director as that term is defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. </p> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;text-indent:4%;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:12pt">Dr.&#160;Curet currently serves as the Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of Intuitive Surgical. Prior to being promoted as Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer in November 2017, Dr.&#160;Curet served as the Chief Medical Advisor for Intuitive Surgical from December 2005 to February 2014 and as Intuitive Surgical&#8217;s Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer from February 2014 to November 2017. Dr.&#160;Curet also has a faculty position as Professor of Surgery at Stanford University School of Medicine. Since October 2010, she has served as a Consulting Professor of Surgery at Stanford University with a part time clinical appointment at the Palo Alto Veteran&#8217;s Administration Medical Center. She was also on the faculty at the University of New Mexico for six years prior to joining the Stanford University in 2000. Dr.&#160;Curet, age 62, received her M.D. from Harvard Medical School and completed her general surgery residency program at the University of Chicago and completed her Surgical Endoscopy fellowship at the University of New Mexico. </p> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;text-indent:4%;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:12pt">There are no arrangements or understandings between Dr.&#160;Curet and any other persons pursuant to which she was selected as a director of the Company. There are no current or proposed transactions between the Company and Dr.&#160;Curet or her immediate family members that would require disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation <span style="white-space:nowrap">S-K</span> promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. </p> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;text-indent:4%;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:12pt">Dr.&#160;Curet will participate in the Company&#8217;s Amended and Restated Compensation Plan for <span style="white-space:nowrap">Non-Employee</span> Directors (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration:underline">Plan</span>&#8221;), previously filed on February&#160;29, 2016, with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">10-K</span> for the fiscal year ended December&#160;31, 2015. Our <span style="white-space:nowrap">non-employee</span> directors are eligible to participate in the Plan. </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:18pt"></p>
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<td style="width:10%;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;">Item&#160;5.03. </td>
<td style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</td> </tr> </table> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;text-indent:4%;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:6pt">On December&#160;16, 2019, subsequent to a routine corporate governance review that also included an assessment of the governance practices of peer companies, the Board approved an amendment and restatement of the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration:underline">Bylaws</span>&#8221;), effective immediately. The Bylaws were amended and restated as follows: </p> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;text-indent:4%;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:12pt"> <span style="font-weight:Bold;font-style:Italic">Proxy Access</span>. The Company amended Article III, Section&#160;5A to provide that a stockholder, or a group of no more than 20 stockholders, owning at least 3% of Nektar&#8217;s outstanding shares of common stock continuously for at least three years may nominate and include in Nektar&#8217;s proxy materials for an annual meeting of stockholders, director nominees (the &#8220;<span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:underline">Stockholder Nominees</span>&#8221;) constituting up to two individuals or 20% of the Board, whichever is greater (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration:underline">Maximum Number</span>&#8221;), provided that that such Maximum Number of Stockholder Nominees shall be reduced by the number of incumbent directors who were Stockholder Nominees with respect to any of the preceding three annual meetings of stockholders, and provided further that the Company may omit such Stockholder Nominee from its proxy materials and communicate to its stockholders that such Stockholder Nominee will not be eligible for election if such Stockholder Nominee received a vote of less than 25% of the shares of common stock of the Company entitled to vote for such Stockholder Nominee at one of the Company&#8217;s two preceding annual meetings of stockholders. Article III, Section&#160;5A was further amended to provide that the Stockholder Nominee must provide to the Secretary of the Company an executed questionnaire required of the Company&#8217;s other directors in order to be eligible to be a nominee for election as a director of the Company. </p> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;text-indent:4%;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:12pt">The foregoing summary does not purport to be a complete description of the amendments made to the Bylaws. It is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Bylaws, attached hereto as Exhibit 3.1 and incorporated herein by reference. </p> <div></div> <p style="margin-top:0"></p>
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<td style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Financial Statements and Exhibits.</td> </tr> </table> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:6pt">(d) Exhibits. </p>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;padding:0;text-align:left"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt">3.1 </p> </td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;padding:0;text-align:left"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt">104 </p> </td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt">By: </p> </td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;margin-bottom:1pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">/s/ Mark A. Wilson </p> </td> </tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt"></p> </td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt">Mark A. Wilson </p> </td> </tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt">General Counsel and Secretary </p> </td> </tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt">Date: </p> </td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt">December&#160;17, 2019 </p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div></div> <p style="margin-top:0"></p>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Exhibit 3.1 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>AMENDED AND RESTATED </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>BYLAWS </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>OF </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>NEKTAR THERAPEUTICS </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(A
DELAWARE CORPORATION) </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">(amended and restated as of December&nbsp;12, 2019) </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE I </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>OFFICES
</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 1. REGISTERED OFFICE</B>. The registered office of the corporation in the State of Delaware shall be as set forth in the
Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation, as amended from time to time (the &#147;<U>Certificate of Incorporation</U>&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 2. OTHER OFFICES</B>. The corporation shall also have and maintain an office or principal place of business at such place as may be
fixed by the Board of Directors, and may also have offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE II </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CORPORATE
SEAL </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 3. CORPORATE SEAL</B>. The corporate seal shall consist of a die bearing the name of the corporation and the
inscription, &#147;Corporate Seal-Delaware.&#148; Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE III </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>STOCKHOLDERS&#146; MEETINGS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 4. PLACE OF MEETINGS</B>. Meetings of the stockholders of the corporation shall be held at such place, if any, either within or
without the State of Delaware, as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 5. ANNUAL MEETINGS</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) The annual meeting of the stockholders of the corporation, for the purpose of election of directors and for such other business as may
lawfully come before it, shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting.
Stockholders seeking to nominate persons for election to the Board of Directors must comply with paragraph (c)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U> or with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, and this paragraph (b)&nbsp;shall not be
applicable to nominations except as expressly provided in paragraph (c)&nbsp;below or <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, as applicable. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business (other than nominations) must be: (A)&nbsp;specified
in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (B)&nbsp;otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, or
(C)&nbsp;otherwise properly brought before the meeting in compliance with this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U> by a stockholder of the corporation who was a stockholder of record of the corporation at the time notice provided for in this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U> is delivered to the Secretary of the corporation and who is entitled to vote at the meeting. For such business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (C)&nbsp;of this
paragraph (b), the </P>
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stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation and any such proposed business must constitute a proper matter for stockholder action. To be
timely, a stockholder&#146;s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of business on the sixtieth (60th) day, nor earlier
than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day, prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year&#146;s annual meeting; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, in the event the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30)&nbsp;days
before or more than thirty (30)&nbsp;days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not earlier than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such date of the annual meeting and not
later than the close of business on the later of the sixtieth (60th) day prior to such annual meeting or the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the
corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder&#146;s notice as described above. A
stockholder&#146;s notice to the Secretary of the corporation shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting: (i)&nbsp;a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual
meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and, in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment) and the reasons for
conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii)&nbsp;the name and address, as they appear on the corporation&#146;s books, of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii)&nbsp;the class and number of shares of capital stock of the corporation
which are owned beneficially and of record by the stockholder, (iv)&nbsp;any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (v)&nbsp;a description of any agreement,
arrangement or understanding with respect to the proposal between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner, any of their respective affiliates or associates, and any others acting in concert with any of the foregoing, (vi)&nbsp;a
description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned
shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the stockholder&#146;s notice by, or on behalf of, such stockholder and such beneficial owner (if any), whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in underlying shares
of capital stock of the corporation, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or such beneficial owner, with respect to
securities of the corporation, (vii)&nbsp;a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business,
(viii)&nbsp;a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group which intends (A)&nbsp;to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the
corporation&#146;s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal and/or (B)&nbsp;otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of such proposal, and (ix)&nbsp;any other information relating to such
stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for the proposal pursuant to and in accordance with Section&nbsp;14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#147;<U>1934 Act</U>&#148;), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The foregoing notice requirements of this paragraph (b)&nbsp;shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder with respect
to business other than a nomination if the stockholder has notified the corporation of his, her or its intention to present a proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the 1934 Act and such
stockholder&#146;s proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the corporation to solicit proxies for such annual meeting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this paragraph (c)&nbsp;or
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> shall be eligible for election as directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation may be made at an annual meeting or at a special meeting of stockholders (but only if
the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling such special meeting) only (A)&nbsp;by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, (B)&nbsp;by
any stockholder of the corporation who was a stockholder of record of the corporation at the time notice provided for in this paragraph (c)&nbsp;is delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary of the corporation, who is entitled to vote at
the meeting, and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this paragraph (c), or (C)&nbsp;with respect to nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation at an annual meeting of stockholders but not a
special meeting of stockholders, by any stockholder pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>. Any nomination made under clause (B)&nbsp;of this paragraph (c)&nbsp;shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the
corporation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (b)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U>. A stockholder&#146;s notice for purposes of this </P>
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paragraph (c)&nbsp;shall set forth (i)&nbsp;as to each person, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-election</FONT> as a director:
(1)&nbsp;the name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (2)&nbsp;the principal occupation or employment of such person, (3)&nbsp;the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by such person,
(4)&nbsp;a description of all arrangements or understandings between the stockholder giving notice (and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf such notice is given) and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or
persons) pursuant to which the nominations are to be made by the stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, (4)&nbsp;all other information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors
in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to and in accordance with Section&nbsp;14(a) of the 1934 Act, (5)&nbsp;such person&#146;s written consent to being named in the proxy statement, if any, as a nominee and to
serving as a director of the corporation if elected and a written statement of such person&#146;s intention to serve as a director for the full term for which such person is to stand for election; and (6)&nbsp;an executed questionnaire pursuant to
paragraph (h)&nbsp;of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> of these Bylaws, and (ii)&nbsp;as to such stockholder giving notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf such notice is given, the information required to be provided pursuant
to paragraph (b)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U> with respect to a stockholding giving notice of business thereunder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf such notice is given. The corporation may require any proposed
nominee to furnish such other information as the corporation may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the corporation. No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the
corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this paragraph (c)&nbsp;or in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>. The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare at the meeting that a
nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by these Bylaws, and if he or she should so determine, he or she shall so declare at the meeting, and the defective nomination shall be disregarded notwithstanding that proxies in
respect thereof may have been received by the corporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) A stockholder providing notice pursuant to paragraph (b)&nbsp;or
(c)&nbsp;above or <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, as the case may be, shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to paragraph (b)&nbsp;or
(c)&nbsp;above or <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, as applicable, shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10)&nbsp;business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement
thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than five (5)&nbsp;business days after the record date for the
meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than eight (8)&nbsp;business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date
prior to), or any adjournment or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10)&nbsp;business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) Except as otherwise provided by law, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty (i)&nbsp;to determine whether any business
proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to paragraph (b)&nbsp;above, or any nomination made pursuant to paragraph (c)&nbsp;above or to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, was proposed or made, as the case may be, in accordance with the
procedures set forth in paragraph (b)&nbsp;or paragraph (c)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;5 or in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, as the case may be, including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is brought
or nomination is made, as applicable, solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies or votes in support of such stockholder&#146;s nominee or proposal in compliance with such stockholder&#146;s
representation as required by paragraph (b)&nbsp;or paragraph (c)&nbsp;or <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, as applicable) and (ii)&nbsp;if any proposed business or nomination was not proposed or made in compliance with paragraph (b)&nbsp;or
paragraph (c)&nbsp;or <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, as applicable, to declare that such proposed business or nomination shall not be transacted or made. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U> or
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual meeting of stockholders of the corporation to present any proposed business
or nominee, such proposed business shall not be transacted, and such nomination shall not be made, notwithstanding that proxies in respect thereof may have been received by the corporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U>, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable
requirements of the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U>; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, any references in these Bylaws to the 1934 Act or
the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit any requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.</U>
Compliance with paragraphs (b)&nbsp;and (c)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5,</U> or with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, as applicable, shall be the exclusive means for a </P>
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stockholder to make nominations or submit other business (other than proposals properly made under and in compliance with Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-8</FONT> of the 1934 Act, as
may be amended from time to time). Nothing in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5 or in Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> shall be deemed to affect any rights (a)&nbsp;of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals or nominations in the
corporation&#146;s proxy statement pursuant to applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the 1934 Act or (b)&nbsp;of the holders of any series of preferred stock of the corporation (&#147;<U>Preferred Stock</U>&#148;) to elect directors
pursuant to any applicable provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) For purposes of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U>
and <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, &#147;public announcement&#148; shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the
corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section&nbsp;13, 14 or 15(d) of the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U> and
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, to be considered a &#147;qualified representative&#148; of a stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such
stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the
writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 5A. PROXY ACCESS FOR DIRECTOR NOMINATIONS. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <U>Definitions</U>. For purposes of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> and as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, the following
terms shall have the following meanings: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) &#147;affiliate&#148; shall have the meaning ascribed thereto under the General
Rules&nbsp;and Regulations under the 1934 Act. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) &#147;Authorized Group Member&#148; shall mean, with respect to any nomination by a
Nominating Group (as defined below), the member of that Nominating Group that is authorized to act on behalf of all members of that Nominating Group with respect to matters relating to the nomination, including withdrawal of the nomination. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii) &#147;Compensation Arrangement&#148; shall mean any direct or indirect compensatory, payment or other financial agreement, arrangement
or understanding with any person or entity other than the corporation, including, without limitation, any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection
with candidacy, nomination, service or action as a nominee or as a director of the corporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iv) &#147;Eligible Stockholder&#148;
shall mean a person who has either (A)&nbsp;been a record holder of shares of common stock of the corporation used to satisfy the eligibility requirements in paragraph (d)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> continuously for the
required three-year period or (B)&nbsp;provides to the Secretary of the corporation, within the time period referred to in paragraph (e)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A,</U> evidence of continuous Ownership of such shares for such
three-year period from one or more securities intermediaries. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(v) &#147;Maximum Number&#148; shall mean that number of directors
constituting the greater of (A)&nbsp;two or (B) 20% of the number of directors in office of the corporation on which a Nomination Notice may be submitted pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> (rounded down to the nearest whole
number), which number shall be reduced as set forth in paragraph (c)(i) of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(vi) &#147;Minimum
Percentage&#148; shall mean 3% of the number of outstanding shares of common stock of the corporation as provided in the most recent 1934 Act filing made by the corporation with the SEC immediately prior to the submission of the Nomination Notice.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(vii) &#147;Nominating Stockholder&#148; shall mean any Eligible Stockholder or group of no more than 20 stockholders (a
&#147;<U>Nominating Group</U>&#148;) that, individually and collectively, in the case of a Nominating Group, satisfies the requirements to qualify as an Eligible Stockholder, and that (A)&nbsp;has (individually and collectively, in the case of a
Nominating Group) satisfied all applicable conditions and complied with all applicable procedures set forth in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> (including, without limitation, the timely submission of a Nomination Notice that meets the
requirements set forth in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>), and (B)&nbsp;has nominated a Stockholder Nominee. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(viii)
&#147;Nomination Notice&#148; shall mean all information and documents that a Nominating Stockholder is required to submit to the Secretary of the corporation pursuant to paragraph (f)&nbsp;of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ix) &#147;Own&#148; shall mean possession, with respect to those outstanding shares of
common stock of the corporation entitled to vote generally for the election of directors of the corporation, of both: (A)&nbsp;the full voting and investment rights pertaining to such shares; and (B)&nbsp;the full economic and financial interest in
(including the full and complete opportunity for profit and risk of loss on) such shares; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the number of shares calculated in accordance with clauses (A)&nbsp;and (B)&nbsp;shall not include any shares:
(1)&nbsp;sold by such stockholder or any of its affiliates in any transaction that has not been settled or closed, including any short sale; (2)&nbsp;borrowed by such stockholder or any of its affiliates for any purposes or purchased by such
stockholder or any of its affiliates pursuant to an agreement to resell; or (3)&nbsp;subject to any option, warrant, forward contract, swap, contract of sale or other derivative or similar agreement entered into by such stockholder or any of its
affiliates, whether any such instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares or with cash based on the notional amount or value of outstanding shares of stock of the corporation, in any such case which instrument or agreement has, or is
intended to have, or if exercised by either party thereto would have, the purpose or effect of (x)&nbsp;reducing in any manner, to any extent or at any time in the future, such stockholder&#146;s or affiliate&#146;s full right to vote or direct the
voting of any such shares or (y)&nbsp;hedging, offsetting or altering to any degree any gain or loss arising from the full economic Ownership of such shares by such stockholder or affiliate, other than any such arrangements solely involving a
national or multi-national multi-industry market index. A stockholder shall &#147;Own&#148; shares held in the name of a nominee or other intermediary so long as the stockholder retains the right to instruct how the shares are voted with respect to
the election of directors and the right to direct the disposition thereof and possesses the full economic interest in the shares. A stockholder&#146;s Ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any period in which (I)&nbsp;the
stockholder has loaned such shares, provided that the stockholder has the power to recall such loaned shares on five business days&#146; notice or less, or (II)&nbsp;the stockholder has delegated any voting power over such shares by means of a
proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement which is revocable at any time by the stockholder. The terms&nbsp;&#147;Owned,&#148; &#147;Owning,&#148; &#147;Ownership,&#148; &#147;Owner&#148; and other variations of the word
&#147;Own&#148; shall have correlative meanings. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(x) &#147;Stock Exchange Rules&#148; shall mean the rules of any stock exchange on which
the corporation&#146;s securities are traded. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xi) &#147;Stockholder Nominee&#148; shall mean any person nominated for election pursuant
to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xii) &#147;Voting Commitment&#148; shall mean any agreement, arrangement or understanding
with, and any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how a person, if elected as a director of the corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <U>Proxy Access at Annual Meetings</U>. Subject to the satisfaction of the requirements of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, if
expressly requested in the relevant Nomination Notice, the corporation shall include in its proxy statement for any annual meeting of stockholders: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) the name of any Stockholder Nominee, which shall also be included on the corporation&#146;s form of proxy and ballot; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) disclosure about the Stockholder Nominee and the Nominating Stockholder required under the rules of the SEC or other applicable law, rule
or regulation to be included in the proxy statement; and </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii) any statement included by the Nominating Stockholder in the Nomination
Notice for inclusion in the proxy statement in support of the Stockholder Nominee&#146;s election to the Board of Directors (subject, without limitation, to paragraph (g)(iii) of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>), but only if such statement
does not exceed 500 words. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For the avoidance of doubt, the provisions of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> shall not apply to a special meeting
of stockholders, and the corporation shall not be required to include a director nominee of a stockholder or group of stockholders under this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> in the corporation&#146;s proxy statement or form of proxy or ballot
for any special meeting of stockholders. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <U>Maximum Number of Stockholder Nominees</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) The corporation shall not be required to include in the proxy statement for an annual meeting of stockholders more Stockholder Nominees
than the Maximum Number. In the event that one or more vacancies for any reason occurs on the Board of Directors after the deadline set forth in paragraph (e)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> but before the date of the annual
meeting and the Board of Directors resolves to reduce the size of the Board of Directors in connection therewith, the Maximum Number shall be calculated based on the number of directors in office as so reduced. The Maximum Number for a particular
annual meeting shall be reduced by: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(A) Stockholder Nominees whose nominations for election at such annual meeting are
subsequently withdrawn; </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(B) Stockholder Nominees whom the Board of Directors itself decides to
nominate for election at such annual meeting; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(C) the number of incumbent directors or director candidates (including,
without limitation, candidates who are not Stockholder Nominees) that in either case will be included in the corporation&#146;s proxy materials for an annual meeting of stockholders as unopposed (by the corporation) nominees pursuant to any
agreement, arrangement or other understanding with any stockholder or group of stockholders; and </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(D) the number of
incumbent directors who were Stockholder Nominees with respect to any of the preceding three annual meetings of stockholders. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) Any
Nominating Stockholder submitting more than one Stockholder Nominee for inclusion in the corporation&#146;s proxy materials pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> shall rank such Stockholder Nominees based on the order that the
Nominating Stockholder desires such Stockholder Nominees to be selected for inclusion in the corporation&#146;s proxy materials. In the event that the number of Stockholder Nominees submitted by Nominating Stockholders pursuant to this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> exceeds the Maximum Number, the highest ranking Stockholder Nominee who meets the requirements of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> from each Nominating Stockholder will be selected for inclusion in the
corporation&#146;s proxy materials until the Maximum Number is reached, going in order of the amount (largest to smallest) of shares of common stock of the corporation that each Nominating Stockholder disclosed as Owned in its respective Nomination
Notice submitted to the corporation. This selection process will continue with the next highest ranked nominees as many times as necessary, following the same order each time, until the Maximum Number is reached. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <U>Eligible Stockholders</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) An Eligible Stockholder or Nominating Group may submit a nomination in accordance with this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> only if
the Eligible Stockholder or Nominating Group (in the aggregate) has continuously Owned at least the Minimum Percentage of shares of common stock of the corporation (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, subdivisions, combinations,
reclassifications, recapitalizations or similar events) throughout the three-year period preceding and including the date of submission of the Nomination Notice, and continues to Own at least the Minimum Percentage of shares of common stock of the
corporation through the date of the annual meeting (and any postponement or adjournment thereof). No shares may be attributed to more than one Eligible Stockholder. The following shall be treated as one Eligible Stockholder or one member of a
Nominating Group if such Eligible Stockholder or member of a Nominating Group shall provide together with the Nomination Notice documentation that demonstrates compliance with the following criteria: (A)&nbsp;funds under common management and
investment control; (B)&nbsp;funds under common management and funded primarily by the same employer; or (C)&nbsp;a &#147;family of investment companies&#148; or a &#147;group of investment companies&#148; (each as defined in or under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) For the avoidance of doubt, in the event of a nomination by a Nominating Group, any and all
requirements and obligations for a given Eligible Stockholder (including, without limitation, each and every fund or company that comprises the Nominating Group) that are set forth in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, including the minimum
holding period, shall apply to each member of such Nominating Group; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the Minimum Percentage of shares of common stock of the corporation shall apply to the Ownership of the Nominating Group in the aggregate. In
the event that any stockholder withdraws from a Nominating Group at any time prior to the annual meeting of stockholders, the Nominating Group shall only be deemed to Own the shares held by the remaining members of that Nominating Group. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii) No stockholder shall be permitted to be in more than one Nominating Group, and if any stockholder appears as a member of more than one
Nominating Group, or as a member of a Nominating Group and as a Nominating Stockholder without any such group, such stockholder shall be deemed to be a member of only the Nominating Group that has the largest Ownership position as reflected in the
Nomination Notice and is not permitted to act as a Nominating Stockholder separate from such Nominating Group. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <U>Timely Nomination Notice</U>. To be timely for purposes of this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, a Nomination Notice must be delivered to the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of business on the 120th day nor earlier than the close of
business on the 150th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year&#146;s annual meeting except where information or documents are required to be provided after the date the Nomination Notice is first submitted, as set forth in this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced more than 30&nbsp;days prior to, or delayed by more than 30&nbsp;days after, the anniversary of the preceding
year&#146;s annual meeting, the Nomination Notice to be timely must be so delivered not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which public announcement (as defined in paragraph (g)&nbsp;of
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U> of these Bylaws) of the date of such meeting is first made. In no event shall the adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting, or the public announcement of such an adjournment or postponement, commence a new
time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a Nomination Notice. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <U>Nomination Notice</U>. The Nomination Notice shall
consist of, collectively, the following information, documents and agreements which shall, for avoidance of doubt, be compiled, completed and submitted by the Nominating Stockholder or its representatives at its own cost: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) with respect to the Nominating Stockholder or, in the case of a Nominating Group, each member of the Nominating Group, documentary
evidence in the form of one or more written statements from the record holder of the shares of common stock of the corporation (and from each intermediary through which the shares are or have been held during the requisite three-year holding period,
provided that each such intermediary must be a participant in the Depository Trust Company or an affiliate of a participant in the Depository Trust Company) and a representation from the Nominating Stockholder (or the Authorized Group Member on
behalf of each member of a Nominating Group) verifying and certifying that, as of a date within seven calendar days prior to the date of the Nomination Notice, the Nominating Stockholder (individually or collectively, in the case of a Nominating
Group) Owns, and has continuously Owned for the preceding three years, the Minimum Percentage of shares, and the Nominating Stockholder&#146;s agreement to provide, within five business days after the record date for the annual meeting, documentary
evidence in the form of written statements from each record holder and intermediary and a representation from the Nominating Stockholder (or the Authorized Group Member on behalf of each member of a Nominating Group) verifying and certifying the
Nominating Stockholder&#146;s continuous Ownership (individually or collectively, in the case of a Nominating Group) of the Minimum Percentage of shares of common stock of the corporation through the record date; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) an undertaking to provide immediate notice if the Nominating Stockholder ceases to Own the Minimum Percentage of shares of common stock
of the corporation prior to the date of the annual meeting; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii) a copy of the Schedule 14N (or any successor form) relating to the
Stockholder Nominee, completed and filed with the SEC by the Nominating Stockholder as applicable, in accordance with SEC rules; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iv) the
written consent of each Stockholder Nominee to being named in the corporation&#146;s proxy statement, form of proxy and ballot as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected, and a written statement of each Stockholder Nominee&#146;s intention
to serve as a director for the full term for which such person is to stand for election; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(v) a written notice of the nomination of such
Stockholder Nominee that includes the following additional information, agreements, representations and warranties by the Nominating Stockholder (including, for the avoidance of doubt, each member of a Nominating Group): </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(A) the information and other deliverables that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder&#146;s notice of nomination
pursuant to Section&nbsp;5 of these Bylaws, as if the Nominating Stockholder were the proposing stockholder under that section; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(B) to the extent not included in the response to paragraph (A)&nbsp;above, a detailed description of all material
relationships, between or among the Nominating Stockholder, on the one hand, and each Stockholder Nominee, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-K</FONT> (or its successor Item) if the Nominating Stockholder were the &#147;registrant&#148; for purposes of such item and the Stockholder Nominee was a director or executive officer of such registrant; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(C) the details of any relationship that existed within the past three years and that would have been described pursuant to
Item 6(e) of Schedule 14N (or any successor item) if it existed on the date of submission of the Schedule 14N; </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(D) a representation and warranty that the Nominating Stockholder acquired
the securities of the corporation in the ordinary course of business and did not acquire, and is not holding, securities of the corporation with the intent, for the purpose or with the effect of influencing or changing control of the corporation;
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(E) a representation and warranty that the Nominating Stockholder has not nominated and an agreement that it will not
nominate for election to the Board of Directors at the annual meeting any person other than such Nominating Stockholder&#146;s Stockholder Nominee(s); </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(F) a representation and warranty that the Nominating Stockholder has not engaged in and an agreement that it will not engage
in a &#147;solicitation&#148; within the meaning of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-1(l)</FONT> under the 1934 Act with respect to the annual meeting, other than with respect to such Nominating Stockholder&#146;s Stockholder Nominee(s) or
any nominee of the Board of Directors; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(G) an agreement that the Nominating Stockholder will not use or distribute any
proxy card other than the corporation&#146;s proxy card in soliciting stockholders in connection with the election of a Stockholder Nominee at the annual meeting; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(H) a representation and warranty that the Stockholder Nominee&#146;s candidacy or, if elected, membership on the Board of
Directors would not violate applicable state or federal law or Stock Exchange Rules; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(I) a representation and warranty
that the Stockholder Nominee: (1)&nbsp;qualifies as independent under the Stock Exchange Rules and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and disclosing the independence of the directors; and (2)&nbsp;is not
and has not been subject to any event specified in Rule 506(d)(1) of Regulation D (or any successor rule) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Item 401(f) of Regulation <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-K</FONT> (or any successor rule),
without reference to whether the event is material to an evaluation of the ability or integrity of the Stockholder Nominee; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(J) a representation and warranty that the Nominating Stockholder satisfies the eligibility requirements set forth in paragraph
(d)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(K) an agreement that the Nominating Stockholder will continue to
satisfy the eligibility requirements described in paragraph (d)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> through the date of the annual meeting; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(L) the details of any position of the Stockholder Nominee as an officer or director of any competitor (i.e., any entity that
provides products or services that compete with or are alternatives to the principal products produced or services provided by the corporation or its affiliates) of the corporation, within the three years preceding the submission of the Nomination
Notice; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(M) if desired by the Nominating Stockholder and subject to paragraph (g)(ii) of this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, a statement for inclusion in the proxy statement in support of the Stockholder Nominee&#146;s election to the Board of Directors. Any such statement shall not exceed 500 words and shall fully comply with
Section&nbsp;14 of the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder; and </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(N) in the case of a nomination by a
Nominating Group, the designation by all group members of one Authorized Group Member; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(vi) an executed agreement (which form of
agreement shall be provided by the Secretary of the corporation upon written request), which must be submitted within ten days after the date on which the Secretary of the corporation provides the form of agreement, pursuant to which the Nominating
Stockholder (including each member of a Nominating Group) agrees: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(A) to comply with all applicable laws, rules and
regulations in connection with the nomination, solicitation and election; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(B) to file any written solicitation or other
communication with the corporation&#146;s stockholders relating to one or more of the corporation&#146;s directors or director nominees or any Stockholder Nominee with the SEC, regardless of whether any such filing is required under any rule or
regulation or whether any exemption from filing is available for such materials under any rule or regulation; </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(C) to assume all liability stemming from any action, suit or proceeding
concerning any actual or alleged legal or regulatory violation arising out of any communication by the Nominating Stockholder or the Stockholder Nominee nominated by such Nominating Stockholder with the corporation, its stockholders or any other
person, including, without limitation, the Nomination Notice; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(D) to indemnify and hold harmless (jointly with all other
members of a Nominating Group, if applicable) the corporation and each of its directors, officers and employees individually against any liability, loss, damages, expenses or other costs (including attorneys&#146; fees) incurred in connection with
any action, suit or proceeding (whether threatened, pending or completed), whether legal, judicial administrative or investigative, against the corporation or any of its directors, officers or employees arising out of or relating to a failure or
alleged failure of the Nominating Stockholder or Stockholder Nominee to comply with, or any breach or alleged breach of, its, or his or her, as applicable, obligations, agreements or representations under or pursuant to this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(E) to promptly (and in any event within 48 hours of discovering such misstatement
or omission) notify the corporation if information included in the Nomination Notice, or in any other communication by the Nominating Stockholder (including with respect to any member of a Nominating Group) with the corporation, its stockholders or
any other person in connection with the nomination or election ceases to be true and accurate in all material respects (or omits a material fact necessary to make the statements made not misleading), and promptly notify the corporation of the
information that is required to correct the misstatement or omission; and </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(F) in the event that the Nominating Stockholder
(including any member of a Nominating Group) has failed to continue to satisfy the eligibility requirements described in paragraph (d)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, to promptly notify the corporation; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(vii) an executed questionnaire, representation and agreement pursuant to paragraph (h)&nbsp;of this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>&nbsp;(which forms of questionnaire, representation and agreement shall be provided by the Secretary of the corporation promptly upon written request), which must be submitted within ten days after the date on
which the Secretary of the corporation provides the Nominating Stockholder (or the Authorized Group Member, in the case of a Nominating Group) the forms of questionnaire, representation and agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The information and documents required by this paragraph (f)&nbsp;of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> shall be provided with respect to and executed by
the Nominating Stockholder (and each member of a Nominating Group), and provided with respect to the persons specified in Instructions 1 and 2 to Items 6(c) and (d)&nbsp;of Schedule 14N (or any successor item). The Nomination Notice shall be deemed
submitted on the date on which all of the information and documents referred to in this paragraph (f)&nbsp;of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> (other than such information and documents required to be provided after the date the Nomination
Notice is first submitted) have been delivered to or, if sent by mail, received by the Secretary of the corporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <U>Exclusion or
Disqualification of Stockholder Nominees</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) If, after the deadline for submitting a Nomination Notice as set forth in paragraph
(e)&nbsp;of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, a Nominating Stockholder becomes ineligible or withdraws its nomination or a Stockholder Nominee becomes ineligible or unwilling to serve on the Board of Directors, whether before or after the
mailing of the corporation&#146;s definitive proxy statement, the corporation shall not be required to include in its proxy statement or on any ballot or form of proxy the Stockholder Nominee or any successor or replacement nominee proposed by the
Nominating Stockholder or by any other Nominating Stockholder. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, the corporation may omit from its proxy materials any Stockholder Nominee, and any information concerning such Stockholder Nominee (including a Nominating Stockholder&#146;s statement in support) and communicate
to its stockholders that such Stockholder Nominee will not be eligible for election at the annual meeting or that no vote will be held or occur as to such Stockholder Nominee, if: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(A) the corporation receives a notice (whether or not subsequently withdrawn) that a stockholder intends to nominate any
candidate for election to the Board of Directors at the annual meeting pursuant to the advance notice requirements for stockholder nominees set forth in paragraph (c)&nbsp;of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U> of these Bylaws; </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(B) the Nominating Stockholder has engaged in a &#147;solicitation&#148;
within the meaning of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-1(l)</FONT> under the 1934 Act with respect to the annual meeting, other than with respect to such Nominating Stockholder&#146;s Stockholder Nominee(s) or any nominee of the Board of
Directors; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(C) the Nominating Stockholder or the Authorized Group Member, as applicable, or any qualified representative
thereof, does not appear at the annual meeting to present the nomination submitted in accordance with this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(D) the Board of Directors, acting in good faith, determines that such Stockholder Nominee&#146;s nomination or election to the
Board of Directors would result in the corporation violating or failing to be in compliance with these Bylaws or the Certificate of Incorporation, or any applicable law, rule or regulation to which the corporation is subject, including the Stock
Exchange Rules; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(E) the Stockholder Nominee is not independent under the Stock Exchange Rules&nbsp;and any publicly
disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and disclosing the independence of the directors, in each case as determined by the Board of Directors; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(F) the Stockholder Nominee was nominated for election to the Board of Directors pursuant to this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> at one of the corporation&#146;s two preceding annual meetings of stockholders and either withdrew from or became ineligible or unavailable for election at such annual meeting or received a vote of less than 25%
of the shares of common stock of the corporation entitled to vote for such Stockholder Nominee; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(G) the Stockholder
Nominee has been, within the past three years, an officer or director of a competitor, as defined for purposes of Section&nbsp;8 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, as amended; or </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(H) the Nominating Stockholder has failed to continue to satisfy the eligibility requirements described in paragraph
(d)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, any of the representations and warranties made in the Nomination Notice ceases to be true and accurate in all material respects (or omits a material fact necessary to make the statement made not
misleading), the Stockholder Nominee becomes unwilling or unable to serve on the Board of Directors or any violation or breach occurs of any of the obligations, agreements, representations or warranties of the Nominating Stockholder or the
Stockholder Nominee under or pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">and in such case such nomination shall be disregarded and no vote on
such Stockholder Nominee will occur (notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the corporation), and the Nominating Stockholder may not, after the last day on which a Nomination Notice would be timely, cure in
any way any defect preventing the nomination of the Stockholder Nominee. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, the corporation may omit from its proxy statement, or may supplement or correct, any information, including all or any portion of the statement in support of the Stockholder Nominee included in the Nomination
Notice, if: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(A) such information is not true in all material respects or omits a material statement necessary to make the
statements made not misleading; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(B) such information directly or indirectly impugns the character, integrity or personal
reputation of, or directly or indirectly makes charges concerning improper, illegal or immoral conduct or associations, without factual foundation, with respect to, any individual, corporation, partnership, association or other entity, organization
or governmental authority; or </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(C) the inclusion of such information in the proxy statement would otherwise violate the SEC
proxy rules or any other applicable law, rule or regulation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iv) The corporation may solicit against, and include in the proxy statement
its own statement in opposition to the nomination of the Stockholder Nominee and any other statement or information that the corporation or the Board of Directors determines in its discretion to include in the proxy statement relating to the
Stockholder Nominee and/or the Nominating Stockholder, including, without limitation, information relating to any Compensation Arrangement and/or Voting Commitment, and any of the information provided pursuant to this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <U>Submission of Questionnaire, Representation and Agreement</U>. To be eligible to be a
nominee for election as a director of the corporation pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U> or <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> of these Bylaws, the person proposed to be nominated must deliver or mail (in accordance with the time
periods prescribed for delivery of notice under <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U> or <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U>, as<U> </U>applicable) to the Secretary of the corporation an executed questionnaire required of the corporation&#146;s
directors (in the form available from the Secretary of the corporation) with respect to the background and qualification of such person to serve as a director of the corporation and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the
nomination is being made and an executed representation and agreement (in the form available from the Secretary) that such person: (i)&nbsp;is not and will not become a party to (A)&nbsp;any Voting Commitment that has not been disclosed to the
corporation or (B)&nbsp;any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person&#146;s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the corporation, with such person&#146;s fiduciary duties under applicable law; (ii)&nbsp;is not and
will not become a party to any Compensation Arrangement that has not been disclosed to the corporation;&nbsp;(iii)&nbsp;if elected as a director of the corporation, will comply with all informational and similar requirements of applicable insurance
policies and laws and regulations in connection with service or action as a director of the corporation; (iv)&nbsp;if elected as a director of the corporation, will comply with all applicable laws (including, without limitation, fiduciary duty
requirements), policies and guidelines of the corporation, including, without limitation, those relating to stock ownership, corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and securities trading; (v)&nbsp;if elected as a director of the
corporation, will act in the best interests of the corporation and its stockholders and not in the interests of individual constituencies; and (vi)&nbsp;will promptly provide to the corporation such other information as it may reasonably request.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 6. SPECIAL MEETINGS</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) Special meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be called, for any purpose or purposes, by (i)&nbsp;the Chairman of the Board
of Directors, (ii)&nbsp;the Chief Executive Officer, (iii)&nbsp;the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized
directorships at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board of Directors for adoption), or (iv)&nbsp;by the Secretary of the corporation at the request of the holders of the shares entitled to cast not less than ten percent (10%) of the
votes at a meeting of stockholders (assuming all shares entitled to vote at such meeting were present and voted), and shall be held at such place, if any, on such date, and at such time as the Board of Directors shall fix. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) If a special meeting is called by any person or persons other than the Board of Directors, the request shall be in writing, specifying the
general nature of the business proposed to be transacted and the information required in paragraph&nbsp;(b) or (c)&nbsp;of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U> of these Bylaws, as applicable, and shall be delivered personally or sent by registered
mail or by telegraphic or other facsimile transmission to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Secretary of the corporation. The Board of Directors shall determine the date, time and place, if any, of such
special meeting, which shall be held not less than thirty-five (35)&nbsp;nor more than one hundred twenty (120)&nbsp;days after the date of the receipt of the request. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a special meeting requested by stockholders shall
not be held if the Board of Directors has called or calls for an annual meeting of stockholders to be held within ninety (90)&nbsp;days after the Secretary of the corporation receives the request for the special meeting and the Board of Directors
determines in good faith that the business of such annual meeting includes (among any other matters properly brought before the annual meeting) any identical or substantially similar item of business as specified in the special meeting request. For
purposes of this paragraph (b)&nbsp;of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6</U>, the election or removal of directors shall be deemed a &#147;similar item&#148; with respect to all items of business involving the election or removal of directors,
changing the size of the Board of Directors and the filling of vacancies and/or newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors. A stockholder may revoke a request for a special meeting at any time by
written revocation delivered to the Secretary of the corporation, and if, following such revocation, there are <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">un-revoked</FONT> requests from stockholders holding in the aggregate less than the requisite number of
shares entitling the stockholders to request the calling of a special meeting, the Board of Directors, in its discretion, may cancel the special meeting.&nbsp;Upon determination of the date, time and place (if any) of the meeting, the officer
receiving the request shall cause notice to be given to the stockholders entitled to vote, in accordance with the provisions of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;7</U> of these Bylaws. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of
stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the corporation&#146;s notice of meeting. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) In the event the corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of
electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any stockholder entitled to vote in such election of directors may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position(s) as specified in the corporation&#146;s
notice of meeting if the stockholder delivers notice of such nomination to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not earlier than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such special meeting and not
later than the close of business on the later of the sixtieth (60th) day prior to such special meeting or, in the event public announcement of the date of such special meeting is first made by the corporation fewer than seventy (70)&nbsp;days prior
to the date of such special meeting, the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an
adjournment or postponement of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder&#146;s notice as described above. Such notice shall contain all such information required to be included, and
such otherwise comply with, a stockholder&#146;s notice of nomination delivered pursuant to paragraph (c)&nbsp;of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5</U>. For the avoidance of doubt, stockholders are not permitted to nominate persons for election to the
Board of Directors pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5A</U> at a special meeting of stockholders. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) Nothing contained in this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6</U> shall be construed as limiting, fixing, or affecting the time when a meeting of stockholders called by action of the Board of Directors may be held. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 7. NOTICE OF MEETINGS</B>. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, written notice of
each meeting of stockholders shall be given not less than ten (10)&nbsp;nor more than sixty (60)&nbsp;days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, such notice to specify the place, if any, date and hour
of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (if
such date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting), and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Any previously scheduled meeting of
stockholders may be postponed and any special meeting of stockholders may be canceled, by resolution of the Board upon public notice given prior to the date previously scheduled for such meeting of stockholders. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 8. QUORUM</B>. At all meetings of stockholders, except where otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or
these Bylaws, the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, any meeting of
stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, either by the chairman of the meeting or by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares represented thereat, but no other business shall be transacted at such meeting. The stockholders present at
a duly called or convened meeting, at which a quorum is present, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Where a separate vote by a class or classes or
series is required, except where otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a majority of the outstanding shares of such class or classes or series, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a
quorum entitled to take action with respect to that vote on that matter. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 9. ADJOURNMENT AND NOTICE OF ADJOURNED MEETINGS</B>.
Any meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, may be adjourned from time to time, whether or not a quorum is present, either by the chairman of the meeting (for any or no reason) or by the vote of a majority of the shares casting votes,
excluding abstentions. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy
holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting, are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at
the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30)&nbsp;days or if after the adjournment a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board of
Directors shall fix as the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and shall give
notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record as of the record date so fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 10. VOTING RIGHTS</B>. For the purpose of determining those stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of the stockholders,
except as otherwise provided by law, only persons in whose names shares stand on the stock records of the corporation on the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote, as determined in
</P>
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accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;37</U> of these Bylaws, shall be entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders. Every person entitled to vote shall have the right to do so either
in person or by a proxy granted in accordance with Delaware law. No proxy shall be voted after three (3)&nbsp;years from its date of creation unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of
Incorporation or these Bylaws, any question or matter submitted to a vote of stockholders shall be approved by the holders of a majority of the votes cast thereon; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the
votes cast if, as of the date of the meeting of the stockholders, the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected. In relation to the election of a director at a meeting where the number of nominees does not exceed the number of
directors to be elected, a majority of votes cast shall mean that the number of shares voted &#147;for&#148; a director&#146;s election exceeds fifty percent (50%) of the number of votes cast with respect to that director&#146;s election, with votes
cast including votes to withhold authority in each case and excluding abstentions with respect to that director&#146;s election. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in these Bylaws, (x)&nbsp;the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-binding</FONT> advisory vote with respect to executive compensation pursuant to Section&nbsp;14A(a)(1) of the 1934 Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, shall require the affirmative vote of
a majority of the votes cast thereon, and (y)&nbsp;the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-binding</FONT> advisory vote, pursuant to Section&nbsp;14A(a)(2) of the 1934 Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, with respect to the
determination as to whether the vote described in the preceding clause (x)&nbsp;shall occur every one (1), two (2)&nbsp;or three (3)&nbsp;years shall be decided by a plurality of the votes cast. For purposes of this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;10</U>, neither abstentions nor broker <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-votes</FONT> shall count as votes cast. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 11. JOINT OWNERS OF STOCK</B>. If shares or other securities having voting power stand of record in the names of two (2)&nbsp;or
more persons, whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint tenants, tenants in common, tenants by the entirety, or otherwise, or if two (2)&nbsp;or more persons have the same fiduciary relationship respecting the same shares, unless the
Secretary is given written notice to the contrary and is furnished with a copy of the instrument or order appointing them or creating the relationship wherein it is so provided, their acts with respect to voting shall have the following effect:
(a)&nbsp;if only one (1)&nbsp;votes, its, his or her act binds all; (b)&nbsp;if more than one (1)&nbsp;votes, the act of the majority so voting binds all; (c)&nbsp;if more than one (1)&nbsp;votes, but the vote is evenly split on any particular
matter, each faction may vote the securities in question proportionally, or may apply to the Delaware Court of Chancery for relief as provided in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the &#147;<U>General Corporation Law</U>&#148;),
Section&nbsp;217(b). If the instrument filed with the Secretary shows that any such tenancy is held in unequal interests, a majority or even-split for the purpose of subsection (c)&nbsp;shall be a majority or even-split in interest. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 12. LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS</B>. The Secretary shall prepare and make, at least ten (10)&nbsp;days before every meeting of
stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting (<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than ten (10)&nbsp;days before the date of the meeting,
the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth (10th) day before the meeting date), arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each
stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, at least ten (10)&nbsp;days prior to the meeting (i)&nbsp;on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the
information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of meeting, or (ii)&nbsp;during ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then a list of
stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be examined by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote
communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the
notice of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, the stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholders required by this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;12</U> or to vote in
person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 13. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING</B>. Unless otherwise provided in the
Certificate of Incorporation, no action shall be taken by the stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of stockholders called in accordance with these Bylaws, and no action shall be taken by the stockholders by written consent. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 14. ORGANIZATION</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) At every meeting of stockholders, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or, if a Chairman has not been appointed or is absent, the
President, or, if the President is absent, a chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority in interest of the stockholders entitled to vote, present in person or by proxy, shall act as chairman. The Secretary, or, in his or her absence, an Assistant
Secretary directed to do so by the President, shall act as secretary of the meeting. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) The Board of Directors of the corporation shall
be entitled to make such rules or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules and regulations of the Board of Directors, if any, the chairman of the meeting
shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without
limitation, establishing an agenda or order of business for the meeting, rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present, limitations on attendance at or participation in such meeting to stockholders of
record of the corporation and their duly authorized and constituted proxies and such other persons as the chairman shall permit, restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof, limitations on the time allotted
to questions or comments by participants, regulation of the opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted on by ballot, removal of any stockholder or individual who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules
or guidelines, and restrictions on the use of audio/video recording devices, cell phones and other electronic devices. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not
be required to be held in accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE IV </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>DIRECTORS </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 15.
NUMBER AND TERM OF OFFICE</B>. The authorized number of directors of the corporation shall be fixed in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation. Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 16. POWERS</B>. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 17. CLASSES OF DIRECTORS</B>. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect additional
directors under specified circumstances, the directors shall be divided into three classes as provided in the Company&#146;s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended from time to time. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 18. VACANCIES</B>. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting
from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other causes, and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors shall, unless the Board of Directors determines by resolution that any such vacancies or
newly created directorships shall be filled by stockholders, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. Any director elected in accordance with the
preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director&#146;s successor shall have been elected and qualified. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 19. RESIGNATION</B>. Any director may resign at any time by delivering his or her written resignation to the Secretary, such
resignation to specify whether it will be effective at a particular time, upon receipt by the Secretary or at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. If no such specification is made, it shall be deemed effective when delivered. When one or more
directors shall resign from the Board of Directors, effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect
when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whose place shall be vacated and until his or her successor shall have been duly
elected and qualified. </P>
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Stock, no director shall be removed without cause. Subject to any limitations imposed by law, the Board of Directors or any individual director may be removed from office at any time with cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of
the voting power of all the then-outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation, entitled to vote at an election of directors (the &#147;<U>Voting Stock</U>&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 21. MEETINGS</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <U>ANNUAL MEETINGS</U>. The annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately before or after the annual meeting of
stockholders. No notice of an annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be necessary and such meeting shall be held for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other business as may lawfully come before it. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <U>REGULAR MEETINGS</U>. Except as hereinafter otherwise provided, regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held in the office
of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2</U> hereof. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, regular meetings of the Board of Directors may also be held at any place within or
without the State of Delaware which has been designated by resolution of the Board of Directors or the written consent of all directors. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <U>SPECIAL MEETINGS</U>. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, special meetings of the Board of Directors may
be held at any time and place within or without the State of Delaware whenever called by the Chairman of the Board, the President or any two of the directors. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <U>TELEPHONE MEETINGS</U>. Any member of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting by means of
conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <U>NOTICE OF MEETINGS</U>. Notice of the time and place of all special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be given orally or in
writing, by telephone, including a voice messaging system or other system or technology designed to record and communicate messages, facsimile, telegraph or telex, or by electronic mail or other electronic means, during normal business hours, at
least twenty-four (24)&nbsp;hours before the date and time of the meeting, or sent in writing to each director by first class mail, charges prepaid, at least three (3)&nbsp;days before the date of the meeting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 22. QUORUM AND VOTING</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) Unless the Certificate of Incorporation requires a greater number and except with respect to indemnification questions arising under
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U> hereof, for which a quorum shall be <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">one-third</FONT> of the exact number of directors fixed from time to time in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation, a quorum of the
Board of Directors shall consist of a majority of the exact number of directors fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, at any meeting whether a quorum
be present or otherwise, a majority of the directors present may adjourn from time to time until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors, without notice other than by announcement at the meeting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) At each meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present, all questions and business shall be determined by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the directors present, unless a different vote be required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 23. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING</B>. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action
required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by
electronic transmission (including, for the avoidance of doubt, email consent without a signature), and such writing or writings (or electronic transmission(s)) are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 24. FEES AND COMPENSATION</B>. Directors shall be entitled to such compensation for their services as may be approved by the Board
of Directors, including, if so approved, by resolution of the Board of Directors, a fixed sum and expenses of attendance, if any, for attendance at each regular or special meeting of the </P>
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Board of Directors and at any meeting of a committee of the Board of Directors. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other
capacity as an officer, agent, employee, or otherwise and receiving compensation therefor. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 25. COMMITTEES</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <U>EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE</U>. The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive Committee to consist of one (1)&nbsp;or more members of the
Board of Directors. The Executive Committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the
business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to (i)&nbsp;approving or adopting, or
recommending to the stockholders, any action or matter expressly required by the General Corporation Law to be submitted to stockholders for approval, or (ii)&nbsp;adopting, amending or repealing any bylaw of the corporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <U>OTHER COMMITTEES</U>. The Board of Directors may, from time to time, appoint such other committees as may be permitted by law. Such
other committees appointed by the Board of Directors shall consist of one (1)&nbsp;or more members of the Board of Directors and shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the resolution or resolutions creating such
committees, but in no event shall any such committee have the powers denied to the Executive Committee in these Bylaws. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <U>TERM</U>.
Each member of a committee of the Board of Directors shall serve a term on the committee coexistent with such member&#146;s term on the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of subsections (a)&nbsp;or (b)&nbsp;of this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;25</U> may at any time increase or decrease the number of members of a committee or terminate the existence of a committee. The membership of a committee member shall terminate on the date of his or her death, voluntary
resignation from the committee or from the Board of Directors, removal from such committee or the Board of Directors, or disqualification as a director or member of the committee. The Board of Directors may at any time for any reason remove any
individual committee member and the Board of Directors may fill any committee vacancy created by death, resignation, removal, disqualification or increase in the number of members of the committee. The Board of Directors may designate one or more
directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee, and, in the absence or disqualification of any member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any
meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <U>MEETINGS</U>. Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide, regular meetings of the Executive Committee or any other committee
appointed pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;25</U> shall be held at such times and places as are determined by the Board of Directors, or by any such committee, and when notice thereof has been given to each member of such committee, no
further notice of such regular meetings need be given thereafter. Special meetings of any such committee may be held at any place which has been determined from time to time by such committee, and may be called by any director who is a member of
such committee, upon written notice to the members of such committee of the time and place of such special meeting given in the manner provided for the giving of written notice to members of the Board of Directors of the time and place of special
meetings of the Board of Directors. A majority of the authorized number of members of any such committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of those present at any meeting at which a quorum is
present shall be the act of such committee. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 26. ORGANIZATION; CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) At every meeting of the directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or, if a Chairman has not been appointed or is absent, the
President, or if the President is absent, the most senior Vice President, or, in the absence of any such officer, a chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall preside over the meeting. The Secretary, or in his or
her absence, an Assistant Secretary directed to do so by the President, shall act as secretary of the meeting. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) The Chairman of the Board of Directors, when present, or another person designated by
the Chairman of the Board of Directors, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall perform other duties commonly incident to his or her office and shall also perform such other duties and have
such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time. If there is no President, then the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall also serve as the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation and shall have the powers and
duties prescribed in paragraph (b)&nbsp;of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;28</U> hereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE V </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>OFFICERS </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 27.
OFFICERS DESIGNATED</B>. The officers of the corporation shall include, if and when designated by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, one or more Vice Presidents, the Secretary, the Chief Financial Officer, the
Treasurer and the Controller, all of whom shall be elected at the annual organizational meeting of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may also appoint one or more Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers, Assistant Controllers and
such other officers and agents with such powers and duties as it shall deem necessary. The Board of Directors may assign such additional titles to one or more of the officers as it shall deem appropriate. Any one person may hold any number of
offices of the corporation at any one time unless specifically prohibited therefrom by law. The salaries and other compensation of the officers of the corporation shall be fixed by or in the manner designated by the Board of Directors. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 28. TENURE AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <U>GENERAL</U>. All officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and until their successors shall have been duly
elected and qualified, unless sooner removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors. If the office of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by
the Board of Directors. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <U>DUTIES OF PRESIDENT</U>. The President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and at all
meetings of the Board of Directors, unless the Chairman of the Board of Directors has been appointed and is present. Unless some other officer has been elected Chief Executive Officer of the corporation, the President shall be the chief executive
officer of the corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision, direction and control of the business and officers of the corporation. The President shall perform other duties commonly incident to
his or her office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <U>DUTIES OF VICE PRESIDENTS</U>. The Vice Presidents may assume and perform the duties of the President in the absence or disability of
the President or whenever the office of President is vacant. The Vice Presidents shall perform other duties commonly incident to their office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the
President shall designate from time to time. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <U>DUTIES OF SECRETARY</U>. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the stockholders
and of the Board of Directors and shall record all acts and proceedings thereof in the minute book of the corporation. The Secretary shall give notice in conformity with these Bylaws of all meetings of the stockholders and of all meetings of the
Board of Directors and any committee thereof requiring notice. The Secretary shall perform all other duties given him or her in these Bylaws and other duties commonly incident to his or her office and shall also perform such other duties and have
such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time. The President may direct any Assistant Secretary to assume and perform the duties of the Secretary in the absence or disability of the Secretary, and each Assistant
Secretary shall perform other duties commonly incident to his or her office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to time. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <U>DUTIES OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER</U>. The Chief Financial Officer shall keep or cause to be kept the books of account of the
corporation in a thorough and proper manner and shall render statements of the financial affairs of the corporation in such form and as often as required by the Board of Directors or the President. The Chief Financial Officer, subject to the order
of the Board of Directors, shall have the custody of all funds and securities of the corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform other duties commonly incident to his or her office and shall also perform such other duties and have such
other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to time. The President may direct the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, or the Controller or </P>
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any Assistant Controller to assume and perform the duties of the Chief Financial Officer in the absence or disability of the Chief Financial Officer, and each Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer
and each Controller and Assistant Controller shall perform other duties commonly incident to his or her office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time
to time. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 29. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY</B>. The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of any
officer to any other officer or agent, notwithstanding any provision hereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 30. RESIGNATIONS</B>. Any officer may resign at
any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors or to the President or to the Secretary. Any such resignation shall be effective when received by the person or persons to whom such notice is given, unless a later time is specified
therein, in which event the resignation shall become effective at such later time. Unless otherwise specified in such notice, the acceptance of any such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation shall be without
prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract with the resigning officer. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 31. REMOVAL</B>. Any
officer may be removed from office at any time, either with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors in office at the time, or by the unanimous written consent of the directors in office at the time, or by any
committee or superior officers upon whom such power of removal may have been conferred by the Board of Directors. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE VI </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS AND </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 32. EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS</B>. The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine the method and designate the
signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to execute on behalf of the corporation any corporate instrument or document, or to sign on behalf of the corporation the corporate name without limitation, or to enter into contracts on
behalf of the corporation, except where otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, and such execution or signature shall be binding upon the corporation. Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Board of
Directors or otherwise required by law, promissory notes, deeds of trust, mortgages and other evidences of indebtedness of the corporation, and other corporate instruments or documents requiring the corporate seal, and certificates of shares of
stock owned by the corporation, shall be executed, signed or endorsed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President or any Vice President, and by the Secretary or Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary or Assistant Treasurer. All other
instruments and documents requiring the corporate signature, but not requiring the corporate seal, may be executed as aforesaid or in such other manner as may be directed by the Board of Directors. All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other
depositaries on funds to the credit of the corporation or in special accounts of the corporation shall be signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so to do. Unless authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or
within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 33. VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION</B>. All stock and other securities of other corporations or entities owned or
held by the corporation for itself, or for other parties in any capacity, shall be voted, and all proxies with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors, or, in the absence of such
authorization, by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or any Vice President. </P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SHARES OF STOCK </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 34. FORM AND EXECUTION OF CERTIFICATES</B>. Shares of the capital stock of the corporation shall be represented by certificates;
<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, the Board of Directors may provide by resolution that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to
have a certificate signed by or in the name of the corporation by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President or any Vice President, and by the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, certifying the
number of shares owned by such holder in the corporation. Certificates for the shares of stock of the corporation shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. Any or all of the signatures on the
certificates may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such
certificate is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if he or she were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 35. LOST CERTIFICATES</B>. A new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares may be issued in place of any certificate or
certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen, or destroyed. The corporation may
require, as a condition precedent to the issuance of a new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares, the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or certificates, or its, his or her legal representative, to advertise the same
in such manner as it shall require or to give the corporation a surety bond in such form and amount as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost,
stolen, or destroyed. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 36. TRANSFERS</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) Transfers of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by
attorney duly authorized, and upon the surrender of a properly endorsed certificate or certificates for a like number of shares (or, in the case of uncertificated shares, in accordance with applicable law). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) The corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of
stock of the corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited by the General Corporation Law. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 37. FIXING RECORD DATES</B>. In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of
stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record
date shall not be more than sixty (60)&nbsp;nor less than ten (10)&nbsp;days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at
such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of
Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close
of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such
adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance herewith at the adjourned meeting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 38. REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS</B>. The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its
books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person whether or not it shall have
express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Delaware. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE VIII </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 39. EXECUTION OF OTHER SECURITIES</B>. All bonds, debentures and other corporate securities of the corporation, other than stock
certificates (covered in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;34</U>), may be signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or any Vice President, or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors, and the corporate seal
impressed thereon or a facsimile of such seal imprinted thereon and attested by the signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the Chief Financial Officer or Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, where
any such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be authenticated by the manual signature, or where permissible facsimile signature, of a trustee under an indenture pursuant to which such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall
be issued, the signatures of the persons signing and attesting the corporate seal on such bond, debenture or other corporate security may be the imprinted facsimile of the signatures of such persons. Interest coupons appertaining to any such bond,
debenture or other corporate security, authenticated by a trustee as aforesaid, shall be signed by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the corporation or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors, or bear imprinted
thereon the facsimile signature of such person. In case any officer who shall have signed or attested any bond, debenture or other corporate security, or whose facsimile signature shall appear thereon or on any such interest coupon, shall have
ceased to be such officer before the bond, debenture or other corporate security so signed or attested shall have been delivered, such bond, debenture or other corporate security nevertheless may be adopted by the corporation and issued and
delivered as though the person who signed the same or whose facsimile signature shall have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer of the corporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE IX </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>DIVIDENDS
</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 40. DECLARATION OF DIVIDENDS</B>. Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject to the provisions of the
Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors pursuant to law at any regular or special meeting. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the
Certificate of Incorporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 41. DIVIDEND RESERVE</B>. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any
funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing
or maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interests of the corporation, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which
it was created. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE X </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>FISCAL YEAR </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION
42. FISCAL YEAR</B>. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. </P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>INDEMNIFICATION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 43. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, OTHER OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <U>DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS</U>. The corporation shall indemnify its directors and executive officers (for the purposes of this
<U>Article XI</U>, &#147;executive officers&#148; shall have the meaning defined in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">3b-7</FONT> promulgated under the 1934 Act) to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, the corporation may modify the extent of such indemnification by individual contracts with its directors and executive officers; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, the corporation shall not be required to indemnify any director or
executive officer in connection with any proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless (i)&nbsp;such indemnification is expressly required to be made by law, (ii)&nbsp;the proceeding was authorized in the first instance by the Board
of Directors of the corporation, (iii)&nbsp;such indemnification is provided by the corporation, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the corporation under the General Corporation Law or (iv)&nbsp;such indemnification is required
to be made under paragraph (d)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <U>OTHER OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS</U>. The
corporation shall have power to indemnify its other officers, employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <U>EXPENSES</U>. The corporation shall advance to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened,
pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or executive officer of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the
corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, prior to the final disposition of the proceeding, promptly following request therefor, all expenses incurred by such
person in connection with such proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay said amounts if it should be determined ultimately that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U> or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise determined pursuant to paragraph (e)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U>, no advance shall be made by the corporation to an executive
officer of the corporation or to any person serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, (except by reason of the fact that such
person is or was a director of the corporation in which event this paragraph shall not apply) in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (i)&nbsp;by
the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the proceeding, or (ii)&nbsp;if such quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by
independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that the facts known to the decision-making party at the time such determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not
believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <U>ENFORCEMENT</U>. Without the necessity of entering into
an express contract, all rights to indemnification and advances under this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U> shall be deemed to be contractual rights and be effective to the same extent and as if provided for in a contract between the corporation
and the person entitled thereto. Any right to indemnification or advances granted by this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U> to such person shall be enforceable by or on behalf of such person in any court of competent jurisdiction if (i)&nbsp;the
claim for indemnification or advances is denied, in whole or in part, or (ii)&nbsp;no disposition of such claim is made within ninety (90)&nbsp;days of request therefor. The claimant in such enforcement action, if successful in whole or in part,
shall be entitled, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to be paid also the expense of prosecuting his or her claim. In connection with any claim for indemnification, the corporation shall be entitled to raise as a defense to any such action that
the claimant has not met the standards of conduct that make it permissible under the General Corporation Law for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed. In connection with any claim by an executive officer of the
corporation or any person serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise (except in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director of the corporation) for advances, the corporation shall be entitled to raise a defense as to any such action clear and convincing evidence that
such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, or with respect to any criminal action or proceeding that such person acted without
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reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was lawful. Neither the failure of the corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) to have
made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the General Corporation Law, nor an actual
determination by the corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that
claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">NON-EXCLUSIVITY</FONT> OF RIGHTS</U>.
The rights conferred on any person by this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U> shall not be exclusive of any other right which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws,
agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding office. The corporation is specifically authorized to enter into individual
contracts with any or all of its directors, officers, employees or agents respecting indemnification and advances, to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <U>SURVIVAL OF RIGHTS</U>. The rights conferred on any person by this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U> shall continue as to a person
who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation (or who has ceased to serve, at the request of the corporation, as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise) and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <U>INSURANCE</U>. To the
fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law, the corporation, upon approval by the Board of Directors, may purchase insurance on behalf of any person required or permitted to be indemnified pursuant to this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <U>AMENDMENTS</U>. Any repeal or modification of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U>
shall only be prospective and shall not affect the rights under this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U> in effect at the time of the alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that is the cause of any proceeding against any agent of the
corporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) <U>SAVING CLAUSE</U>. If this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U> or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any
ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each director and executive officer to the full extent permitted by any applicable portion of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U> that shall not
have been invalidated, or by any other applicable law. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j) <U>CERTAIN DEFINITIONS</U>. For the purposes of this <U>Article XI</U>, the
following definitions shall apply: (1)&nbsp;The term &#147;proceeding&#148; shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, the investigation, preparation, prosecution, defense, settlement, arbitration and appeal of, and the giving
of testimony in, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative. (2)&nbsp;The term &#147;expenses&#148; shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation,
court costs, attorneys&#146; fees, witness fees, fines, amounts paid in settlement or judgment and any other costs and expenses of any nature or kind incurred in connection with any proceeding. (3)&nbsp;The term &#147;the corporation&#148; shall
include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to
indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director,
officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this <U>Article XI</U> with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or
she would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. (4)&nbsp;References to a &#147;director,&#148; &#147;executive officer,&#148; &#147;officer,&#148; &#147;employee,&#148; or &#147;agent&#148; of the
corporation shall include, without limitation, situations where such person is serving at the request of the corporation as, respectively, a director, executive officer, officer, employee, trustee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise. (5)&nbsp;References to &#147;other enterprises&#148; shall include employee benefit plans; references to &#147;fines&#148; shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit
plan; and references to &#147;serving at the request of the corporation&#148; shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee,
or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee
benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner &#147;not opposed to the best interests of the corporation&#148; as referred to in this <U>Article XI</U>. </P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>NOTICES </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 44.
NOTICES</B>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <U>NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS</U>. Whenever, under any provisions of these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any
stockholder, it shall be given in writing, timely and duly deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to its, his or her last known post office address as shown by the stock record of the corporation or its transfer agent,
or by electronic transmission in accordance with applicable law. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <U>NOTICE TO DIRECTORS</U>. Any notice required to be given to any
director may be given personally or by any method stated in subsection (a); provided that any notice delivered by mail shall be sent to such address as such director shall have filed in writing with the Secretary, or, in the absence of such filing,
to the last known post office address of such director. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <U>AFFIDAVIT OF MAILING OR ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION</U>. An affidavit of
mailing, executed by a duly authorized and competent employee of the corporation or its transfer agent appointed with respect to the class of stock affected, specifying the name and address or the names and addresses of the stockholder or
stockholders, or director or directors, to whom any such notice or notices was or were given, and the time and method of giving the same, shall in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts therein contained. An affidavit of the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the corporation that notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <U>TIME NOTICES DEEMED GIVEN</U>. All notices given by mail, as above provided, shall be deemed to have been given as at the time of
mailing, and all notices given by electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been given as provided by applicable law. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)
<U>METHODS OF NOTICE</U>. It shall not be necessary that the same method of giving notice be employed in respect of all directors or stockholders, but one permissible method may be employed in respect of any one or more, and any other permissible
method or methods may be employed in respect of any other or others. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <U>FAILURE TO RECEIVE NOTICE</U>. The period or limitation of
time within which any stockholder may exercise any option or right, or enjoy any privilege or benefit, or be required to act, or within which any director may exercise any power or right, or enjoy any privilege, pursuant to any notice sent such
stockholder or such director in the manner above provided, shall not be affected or extended in any manner by the failure of such stockholder or such director to receive such notice. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <U>NOTICE TO PERSON WITH WHOM COMMUNICATION IS UNLAWFUL</U>. Whenever notice is required to be given, under any provision of law, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license
or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. In the
event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the General Corporation Law, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to
all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <U>NOTICE TO PERSON WITH
UNDELIVERABLE ADDRESS</U>. Whenever notice is required to be given, under any provision of law or the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to any stockholder to whom (i)&nbsp;notice of two (2)&nbsp;consecutive annual meetings, and all
notices of meetings or of the taking of action by written consent without a meeting to such stockholder during the period between such two (2)&nbsp;consecutive annual meetings, or (ii)&nbsp;all, and at least two (2), payments (if sent by first class
mail) of dividends or interest on securities during a twelve-month period, have been mailed addressed to such stockholder at its, his or her address as shown on the </P>
</DIV></Center>


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<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">


<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
records of the corporation and have been returned undeliverable, the giving of such notice to such stockholder shall not be required. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without
notice to such stockholder shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. If any such stockholder shall deliver to the corporation a written notice setting forth its, his or her then current address, the requirement that
notice be given to such stockholder shall be reinstated. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the General Corporation Law, the certificate need not state that
notice was not given to persons to whom notice was not required to be given pursuant to this paragraph. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) <U>WAIVER</U>. Whenever
notice is required to be given under any provision of the General Corporation Law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a written waiver, signed by the person entitled to notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person
entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the
express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of
the stockholders, directors or members of a committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice or any waiver by electronic transmission unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE XIII </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>AMENDMENTS </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION
45. AMENDMENTS</B>. Subject to paragraph (h)&nbsp;of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;43</U> of these Bylaws, these Bylaws may be altered or amended or new Bylaws adopted by the affirmative vote of at least
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">sixty-six</FONT> and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">two-thirds</FONT> percent (66 2/3%) of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the Voting Stock. The Board of Directors shall also have the
power to adopt, amend, or repeal these Bylaws. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE XIV </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>LOANS TO OFFICERS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 46. LOANS TO OFFICERS</B>. The corporation may, in accordance with applicable law, lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of,
or otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its subsidiaries, including any officer or employee who is a director of the corporation or its subsidiaries, whenever, in the judgment of the Board of Directors, such loan,
guarantee or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the corporation. The loan, guarantee or other assistance may be with or without interest and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board of Directors shall approve,
including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the corporation. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at common law or under any statute. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARTICLE XV </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>FORUM FOR
ADJUDICATION OF DISPUTES </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SECTION 47. FORUM FOR ADJUDICATION OF DISPUTES</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) Unless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (1)&nbsp;any
derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the corporation, (2)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation&#146;s
stockholders, (3)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law or the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, (4)&nbsp;any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of
the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws or (5)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or, if the
</P>
</DIV></Center>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have jurisdiction, the Superior Court of the State of Delaware, or, if the Superior Court of the State of Delaware does not have jurisdiction,
the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. Any person purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;47</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;47(a)</U> above is filed in a court other than the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, the Superior Court of the State of Delaware or the United States District Court for the District of Delaware (a
&#147;<U>Foreign Action</U>&#148;) in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (1)&nbsp;the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, the Superior Court of the State of
Delaware and the United States District Court for the District of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such courts to enforce <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;47(a)</U> above (an &#147;<U>Enforcement Action</U>&#148;) and
(2)&nbsp;having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such Enforcement Action by service upon such stockholder&#146;s counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder. </P>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security 12b Title</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Security 12b Title</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
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    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
  </link:labelLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>nktr-20191212_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="yes"?>
<!-- DFIN - https://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- CTU Version: Addin 62.6.8.14 - Release 2019.4 -->
<!-- Creation date: 12/17/2019 3:49:08 PM Eastern Time -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2019 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
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    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" order="24.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber" order="30.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
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    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" order="31.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" order="32.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" order="33.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" order="34.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
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    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial" order="39.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" order="40.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.3.a.u2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6627311536">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 12, 2019</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000906709<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Dec. 12,  2019<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NEKTAR THERAPEUTICS<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">0-24006<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">94-3134940<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">455 Mission Bay Boulevard South<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">San Francisco<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">94158<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(415)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">482-5300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Security 12b Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.0001 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">NKTR<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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