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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | (1) Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a)Organization Willis Lease Finance Corporation with its subsidiaries (the “Company”) is a provider of aviation services whose primary focus is providing operating leases of commercial aircraft, aircraft engines and other aircraft-related equipment to air carriers, manufacturers and overhaul/repair facilities worldwide. The Company also engages in the selective purchase and resale of commercial aircraft engines. WLFC (Ireland) Limited, WLFC Funding (Ireland) Limited and WLFC Lease (Ireland) Limited are wholly-owned Irish subsidiaries of the Company formed to facilitate certain of the Company’s international leasing activities. Willis Aviation Finance Limited in Ireland is a wholly-owned subsidiary formed to facilitate the leasing and technical support of worldwide activities. Willis Lease France is a wholly-owned French subsidiary of the Company formed to facilitate sales and marketing activities in Europe. Willis Lease (China) Limited is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company formed to facilitate the acquisition and leasing of assets in China. Willis Engine Securitization Trust II (“WEST II” or the “WEST II Notes”) is a bankruptcy remote special purpose vehicle which was established for the purpose of financing aircraft engines through an asset-backed securitization (“ABS”). WEST Engine Acquisition LLC and Facility Engine Acquisition LLC are wholly-owned subsidiaries of WEST II and own the engines which secure the notes issued by WEST II. Willis Engine Securitization (Ireland) Limited is another wholly-owned subsidiary of WEST II and was established to facilitate certain international leasing activities by WEST II. WEST II is a variable interest entity which the Company owns 100% of the equity and consolidates in its financial statements. Willis Aeronautical Services, Inc. (“Willis Aero”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose primary focus is the sale of aircraft engine parts and materials through the acquisition or consignment from third parties of aircraft and engines. In 2016, the Company purchased, through a wholly owned subsidiary Willis Asset Management Limited (“Willis Asset Management”), the business and assets of Total Engine Support Limited (“TES”). TES had been the engine management and consulting business of the TES Aviation Group. Willis Asset Management has 393 engines, excluding WLFC engines, under management as of December 31, 2017. On August 4, 2017, the Company closed an asset-backed securitization through a newly-created, bankruptcy-remote, Delaware statutory trust, Willis Engine Structured Trust III (“WEST III” or the “WEST III Notes”), of which the Company is the sole beneficiary. The WEST III Notes were issued in two series, with the Series A Notes issued in an aggregate principal amount of $293.7 million and the Series B Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $42.0 million. The WEST III Notes are secured by a portfolio of 56 engines from the revolving credit facility. The Company used these funds, net of transaction expenses, to pay off part of its revolving credit facility totaling $491.0 million. WEST III is a variable interest entity which the Company owns 100% of the equity and consolidates in its financial statements. The assets and liabilities of WEST III will remain on the Company’s balance sheet. A portfolio of 56 commercial jet aircraft engines and leases thereof secures the obligations of WEST III under the ABS. The WEST III Notes have a scheduled amortization and are payable solely from revenue received by WEST III from the engines and the engine leases, after payment of certain expenses of WEST III. Series A Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.69% per annum and Series B Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 6.36% per annum. The WEST III Notes may be accelerated upon the occurrence of certain events, including the failure to pay interest for five business days after the due date thereof. The WEST III Notes are expected to be paid in 10 years. The legal final maturity of the Notes is August 15, 2042. In connection with the transactions described above, the Company entered into a Servicing Agreement and Administrative Agency Agreement with WEST III to provide certain engine, lease management and reporting functions for WEST III in return for fees based on a percentage of collected lease revenues and asset sales. Because WEST III is consolidated for financial statement reporting purposes, all fees eliminate upon consolidation. The assets of WEST III are not available to satisfy the Company’s obligations other than the obligations specific to WEST III. WEST III is consolidated for financial statement presentation purposes. WEST III’s ability to make distributions and pay dividends to the Company is subject to the prior payments of its debt and other obligations and WEST III’s maintenance of adequate reserves and capital. Under WEST III, cash is collected in a restricted account, which is used to service the debt and any remaining amounts, after debt service and defined expenses, are distributed to the Company. Additionally, a portion of maintenance reserve payments and lease security deposits are formulaically accumulated in restricted accounts and are available to fund future maintenance events and to secure lease payments, respectively. Minimum maintenance reserve payments and security deposits of $10.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively, are held in restricted cash accounts. (b)Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Willis Lease Finance Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including variable interest entities (“VIEs”) where the Company is the primary beneficiary in accordance with consolidation guidance. The Company evaluates all entities in which it has an economic interest firstly to determine whether for accounting purposes the entity is a variable interest entity or voting interest entity. If the entity is a variable interest entity the Company consolidates the financial statements of that entity if it is the primary beneficiary of the entities’ activities. If the entity is a voting interest entity the Company consolidates the entity when it has a majority of voting interests. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The condensed parent company financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes herein. (c)Revenue Recognition Revenue from leasing of aircraft equipment is recognized as operating lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the terms of the applicable lease agreements. Revenue is not recognized when cash collection is not reasonably assured. When collectability is not reasonably assured, the customer is placed on non-accrual status and revenue is recognized when cash payments are received. The Company regularly sells equipment from its lease portfolio. This equipment may or may not be subject to a lease at the time of sale. The gain or loss on such sales is recognized as revenue and consists of proceeds associated with the sale less the net book value of the asset sold and any direct costs associated with the sale. To the extent that deposits associated with the engine are not included in the sale, any such amount is included in the calculation of gain or loss. The Company evaluates sales arrangements under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-25, Revenue Recognition: Multiple Element Arrangements (“FASB ASC 605-25”), which addresses accounting for multiple element arrangements. The Company has determined that two deliverables, the sale of equipment and the management services, are separate units of accounting. Therefore, revenue is recognized in accordance with FASB ASC 605-10-S99, Revenue Recognition: Overall: SEC Materials, formerly SAB 104, for each unit. For multiple deliverable revenue arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to equipment sales and management services using the relative selling price method to recognize revenue when the revenue recognition criteria for each deliverable are met. The selling price of a deliverable is based on a hierarchy and if the Company is unable to establish vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (“VSOE”) it uses third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”), and if no such data is available, it uses a best estimated selling price (“BSP”). The objective of BSP is to determine the price at which the Company would transact a sale if the equipment or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. For management services, the selling price is based on TPE and is determined by reviewing information from management agreements entered into by other parties on a standalone basis which is then compared to the management agreements entered into with the investor group. The Company has determined that the fees charged on a standalone basis are comparable to the fees charged when the Company enters into the management agreements concurrent with the sale of a portfolio of engines. Accordingly, the Company determined that the fees charged for its management services are comparable to those charged by other asset managers for the same service. The Company recognizes revenue from management fees under equipment management agreements as earned on a monthly basis. Management fees are based upon a percentage of net lease rents of the investor group’s engine portfolio calculated on an accrual basis and recorded in Other revenue. Under the terms of some of the Company’s leases, the lessees pay use fees (also known as maintenance reserves) to the Company based on usage of the leased asset, which are designed to cover expected future maintenance costs. Some of these amounts are reimbursable to the lessee if they make specifically defined maintenance expenditures. Use fees received are recognized in revenue as maintenance reserve revenue if they are not reimbursable to the lessee. Use fees that are reimbursable are recorded as a maintenance reserve liability until they are reimbursed to the lessee or the lease terminates, at which time they are recognized in revenue as maintenance reserve revenue. Certain lessees may be significantly delinquent in their rental payments and may default on their lease obligations. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had an aggregate of approximately $8.3 million in lease rent and $5.6 million in maintenance reserve receivables more than 30 days past due. Inability to collect receivables or to repossess engines or other leased equipment in the event of a default by a lessee could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts for lease receivables it does not consider fully collectible. The allowance for doubtful accounts includes the following: (1) specific reserves for receivables which are impaired for which management believes full collection is doubtful; and (2) a general reserve for estimated losses based on historical experience. The Company recognizes sales of spare parts upon shipping and the amount reported as cost of sales is recorded at specific cost. The Company recognizes service revenue from fees earned under engine maintenance service agreements as earned on a monthly basis. No customer accounted for greater than 10% of total lease rent revenue in 2017, 2016 and 2015. (d)Other Revenue Other revenue consists primarily of management fee income, lease administration fees, third party consignment commissions earned by Willis Aero and other discrete revenue items. During the year ended December 31, 2017, other revenue included a net gain on an insurance settlement of $1.3 million related to a leased aircraft, fees earned related to engines managed on behalf of third parties and service fee revenue earned by Willis Asset Management. During the year ended December 31, 2016, other revenue included $4.0 million of security payments for aircraft upon default of a lessee. (e)Equipment Held for Operating Lease Aircraft assets held for operating lease are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Certain costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of aircraft assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. Major overhauls paid for by the Company, which improve functionality or extend the original useful life, are capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of the estimated period to the next overhaul (“deferral method”) or the remaining useful life of the equipment. The Company does not accrue for planned major maintenance. The cost of overhauls of aircraft assets under long term leases, for which the lessee is responsible for maintenance during the period of the lease, are paid for by the lessee or from reimbursable maintenance reserves paid to the Company in accordance with the lease, and are not capitalized. Based on specific aspects of the equipment, the Company generally depreciates engines on a straight-line basis over a 15-year period from the acquisition date to a 55% residual value. This methodology is believed to accurately reflect the Company’s typical holding period for the engine assets and, that the residual value assumption reasonably approximates the selling price of the assets 15 years from date of acquisition. The typical 15 year holding period is the estimated useful life of the Company’s engines based on its business model and plans, and represents how long the Company anticipates holding a newly acquired engine. The technical useful life of a new engine can be in excess of 25 years. The Company reviews the useful life and residual values of all engines periodically as demand changes to accurately depreciate the cost of equipment over the useful life of the engines. The aircraft owned by the Company are depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 13 to 20 years to a 15% to 17% residual value. The spare parts packages owned by the Company are depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 14 to 15 years to a 25% residual value. For engines or aircraft that are unlikely to be repaired at the end of the current expected useful lives, the Company depreciates the engines or aircraft over their estimated lives to a residual value based on an estimate of the wholesale value of the parts after disassembly. The useful life of older generation engines and aircraft may be significantly less based upon the technical status of the engine, as well as supply and demand factors. For these older generation engines and aircraft, the remaining useful life and the remaining expected holding period are typically the same. For older generation engines or aircraft that are unlikely to be repaired at the end of the current expected useful lives, the Company depreciates the engines or aircraft over their estimated lives to a residual value based on an estimate of the wholesale value of the parts after disassembly. As of December 31, 2017, 48 engines and 3 aircraft having a net book value of $80.1 million were depreciated under this policy with estimated useful lives ranging from 1 to 82 months. The Company adjusts its estimates annually for these older generation assets, including updating estimates of an engine’s or aircraft’s remaining operating life as well as future residual value expected from part-out based on the current technical status of the engine or aircraft. The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Impairment is identified by comparison of undiscounted forecasted cash flows, including estimated sales proceeds, over the life of the asset with the assets’ book value. If the forecasted undiscounted cash flows are less than the book value the asset is written down to its fair value. Fair value is determined per individual asset by reference to independent appraisals, quoted market prices (e.g. an offer to purchase) and other factors considered relevant by the Company. The Company conducts a formal annual review of the carrying value of long-lived assets and also evaluates assets during the year if a triggering event is identified indicating impairment is possible. Such annual review resulted in an impairment charge of $4.4 million, $1.8 million and $0.6 million in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively (included in “Write-down of equipment” in the Consolidated Statements of income). (f)Equipment Held for Sale Equipment held for sale includes engines being marketed for sale as well as engines removed from the lease portfolio to be parted out, with the investment in the long lived asset being recovered through the sale of spare parts. The assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. (g)Debt Issuance Costs and Related Fees Fees paid in order to secure debt are capitalized, included in Debt obligations on the Consolidate Balance Sheets, and amortized over the life of the related loan using the effective interest method. (h)Interest Rate Hedging The Company enters into various derivative instruments periodically to mitigate the exposure on variable rate borrowings. The derivative instruments are fixed-rate interest swaps that are recorded at fair value as either an asset or liability. While substantially all of the Company’s derivative transactions are entered into for the purposes described above, hedge accounting is only applied where specific criteria have been met and it is practicable to do so. In order to apply hedge accounting, the transaction must be designated as a hedge and it must be highly effective. The hedging instrument’s effectiveness is assessed utilizing regression analysis at the inception of the hedge and on at least a quarterly basis throughout its life. All of the transactions that the Company has designated as hedges are cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the change in fair value on a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the period during which the transaction being hedged affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the hedges is recorded in earnings in the current period. (i)Income Taxes The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of “temporary differences” by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in the tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes in the financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs (see Note 6). The Company files income tax returns in various states and countries which may have different statutes of limitations. The Company records penalties and accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Such adjustments have historically been minimal and immaterial to our financial results. (j)Property, Equipment and Furnishings Property, equipment and furnishings are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range from three to fifteen years. Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and depreciated by the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or useful life of the leasehold. (k)Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers highly liquid investments readily convertible into known amounts of cash, with original maturities of 90 days or less, as cash equivalents. (l)Restricted Cash The Company has certain bank accounts that are subject to restrictions in connection with our WEST II and WEST III borrowings. Under both borrowings, cash is collected in restricted accounts, which are used to service the debt and any remaining amounts, after debt service and defined expenses, are distributed to the Company. Additionally, a portion of maintenance reserve payments and some or all of the lease security deposits are accumulated in restricted accounts and are available to fund future maintenance events and to secure lease payments, respectively. Under WEST II, cash from maintenance reserve payments is held in a restricted cash account equal to the maintenance obligations projected for the subsequent six months, and is subject to a minimum balance of $9.0 million. Under WEST III, cash from maintenance reserve payments is held in a restricted cash account equal to a portion of the maintenance obligations projected for the subsequent nine months, and is subject to a minimum balance of $10.0 million. Under WEST II, all security deposits are held in a restricted cash account until the end of the lease. Under WEST III, security deposits are held in a restricted cash account equal to a portion of the security deposits for leases scheduled to terminate over the subsequent four months, subject to a minimum balance of $1.0 million. Provided lease return conditions have been met, these deposits will be returned to the lessee. To the extent return conditions are not met, these deposits may be retained by the Company. (m) Spare Parts Inventory Inventory consists of spare aircraft and engine parts and is stated at lower of cost or net realizable value. An impairment charge for excess or inactive inventory is recorded based upon an analysis that considers current inventory levels, historical usage patterns, future sales expectations and salvage value. (n) Intangible Assets Intangible assets include customer relationships and goodwill arising from the Company’s acquisitions of J.T. Power and TES. Intangible assets are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other.” Customer relationships are amortized on a straight line basis over their estimated useful life of five years. The Company has no intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually. (o) Other assets Other assets typically include prepaid deposits, capitalized costs relating to engine shop visits that remain in process at year end, and other prepaid expenses. As of December 31, 2017, other assets included prepaid deposits of $36.5 million relating to a commitment to purchase engines. (p) Management Estimates These financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management evaluates estimates on an ongoing basis, including those related to residual values, estimated asset lives, impairments and bad debts. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management believes that the accounting policies on revenue recognition, maintenance reserves and expenditures, useful life of equipment, asset residual values, asset impairment and allowance for doubtful accounts are critical to the results of operations. If the useful lives or residual values are lower than those estimated, upon sale of the asset a loss may be realized. Significant management judgment is required in the forecasting of future operating results, which are used in the preparation of projected undiscounted cash-flows and should different conditions prevail, material impairment write-downs may occur. (q) Earnings per share information Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options and unvested restricted stock awards. See Note 8 for more information on the computation of earnings per share. (r)Investments The Company’s investments are joint ventures, where it owns 50% of the equity of the ventures and are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The investments are recorded at the amount invested plus or minus our 50% share of net income or loss, less any distributions or return of capital received from the entities. (s)Stock Based Compensation The Company recognizes stock based compensation expense in the financial statements for share-based awards based on the grant-date fair value of those awards. Stock based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service periods of the awards on a straight-line basis, which is generally commensurate with the vesting term. Additionally, the Company implemented ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017, using the modified retrospective approach, and elected to account for forfeitures as they occur. As such, a $1.3 million cumulative effect adjustment was recorded to the opening balance of Retained earnings for the impact in tax benefits as well as the differential between the amount of compensation cost previously recorded and the amount that would have been recorded without assuming forfeitures. (t)Initial Direct Costs associated with Leases The Company accounts for the initial direct costs, including sales commissions and legal fees, incurred in obtaining a new lease by deferring and amortizing those costs over the term of the lease. The amortization of these costs is recorded under General and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of income. The amounts amortized were $1.8 million, $1.6 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. (u) Maintenance Rights The Company identifies, measure and accounts for maintenance right assets and liabilities associated with acquisitions of equipment with in-place leases. A maintenance right asset represents the fair value of the contractual right under a lease to receive equipment in an improved maintenance condition as compared to the maintenance condition on the acquisition date. A maintenance right liability represents the Company's obligation to pay the lessee for the difference between the lease-end contractual maintenance condition of the equipment and the actual maintenance condition of the equipment on the acquisition date. The equipment condition at the end of the lease term may result in either overhaul work being performed by the lessee to meet the required return condition or a financial settlement. When a capital event is performed on the equipment by the lessee, which satisfies their maintenance right obligation, the maintenance rights are added to the equipment basis and depreciated to the next capital event. When equipment is sold before the end of the pre-existing lease, the maintenance rights are applied against any accumulated maintenance reserves, if paid by the lessee, and the remaining balance is applied to the disposition gain or loss. When a lease terminates, an end of lease true-up is performed and the maintenance right is applied against the accumulated maintenance reserves or, for non-reserve lessees the final settlement payment, and any remaining net maintenance right is recorded in the income statement. (v) Foreign Currency Translation The Company’s foreign investments have been converted at rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates. The changes in exchange rates in our foreign investments reported under the equity method are included in stockholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income. (w) Risk Concentrations Financial instruments which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash deposits, lease receivables and interest rate swaps. The Company places our cash deposits with financial institutions and other creditworthy institutions such as money market funds and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one party. Management opts for security of principal as opposed to yield. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to lease receivables are limited due to the large number of customers comprising the customer base, and their dispersion across different geographic areas. Some lessees are required to make payments for maintenance reserves at the end of the lease however, this risk is considered limited due to the relatively few lessees which have this provision in the lease. The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements with counterparties that are investment grade financial institutions. (x) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted by the Company In July 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which simplifies the measurement of inventory by requiring certain inventory to be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and for interim periods therein. The Company adopted ASU 2015-11 on January 1, 2017 and it did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The standard is intended to simplify several areas of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, including the income tax impact, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017, the standard’s effective date, on a modified retrospective method through a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings of $1.3 million. During the the year ended December 31, 2017, excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of approximately $91,000 were reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income as income taxes, whereas they previously were recognized in equity. Additionally, the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows now present excess tax benefits as an operating activity, with the prior periods adjusted accordingly. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimate expected forfeitures. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were adjusted as follows: a $0.2 million and Nil, respectively, increase to net cash provided by operating activities and a $0.2 million and Nil, respectively, decrease to net cash provided by financing activities. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the total beginning and ending amounts for the periods shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 (including interim periods within those periods) using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company adopted this standard during on January 1, 2017 and included $64.1 million and $22.3 million of restricted cash in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in its statements of consolidated cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The adoption of this standard also resulted in an decrease in cash provided by operating activities, cash used in investing activities and cash provided by financing activities of $10.7 million, $1.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2016 and $9.6 million, $16.8 million and $25.4 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2015. Recent Accounting Pronouncements To Be Adopted by the Company: In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 amends the accounting guidance on revenue recognition. The amendments in this accounting standard update are intended to provide a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues, improve comparability of revenue recognition practices, and improve disclosure requirements. Under the new standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The principles in the standard should be applied using a five-step model that includes 1) identifying the contract(s) with a customer, 2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract, 3) determining the transaction price, 4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and 5) recognizing revenue when (or as) the performance obligations are satisfied. The standard also requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In addition, the standard amends the existing requirements for the recognition of a gain or loss on the transfer of nonfinancial assets that are not in a contract with a customer (for example, sales of real estate) to be consistent with the standard’s guidance on recognition and measurement (including the constraint on revenue). The FASB also subsequently issued several amendments to the standard, including clarification on principal versus agent guidance, identifying performance obligations, and immaterial goods and services in a contract. This accounting standard update is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this accounting standard update effective January 1, 2018. The amendments in this accounting standard update must be applied using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting the standard recognized at the date of adoption (which requires additional footnote disclosures). Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the standard using the modified retrospective approach applied only to contracts not completed as of the date of adoption, with no restatement of comparative periods and a cumulative effect adjustment recognized as of the date of adoption. While only a portion of the Company’s revenues are impacted by this guidance as it does not apply to contracts falling under the leasing standard, as part of the implementation process the Company performed an analysis to identify accounting policies that needed to change and additional disclosures that will be required. The Company considered factors such as customer contracts with unique revenue recognition considerations, the nature and type of goods and services offered, the degree to which contracts include multiple performance obligations or variable consideration, and the pattern in which revenue is currently recognized, among other things. All revenue streams applicable to the new standard (Spare parts and equipment sales and Other revenue) were evaluated, and similar performance obligations will result under the new standard as compared with deliverables and separate units of accounting currently identified. In addition the Company considered recognition under the new standard and concluded the timing of the Company’s revenue recognition will remain the same. The Company has also evaluated the changes in controls and processes that are necessary to implement the new standard, and no material changes were required. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02). The FASB issued ASU 2016-02 to increase transparency and comparability among organizations recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Under ASU 2016-02, lessors will account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing U.S. GAAP for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. Unlike current guidance, however, a lease with collectability uncertainties may be classified as a sales-type lease. If collectability of lease payments, plus any amount necessary to satisfy a lessee residual value guarantee, is not probable, lease payments received will be recognized as a deposit liability and the underlying assets will not be derecognized until collectability of the remaining amounts becomes probable. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company plans to adopt this guidance on January 1, 2019, that standard’s effective date, and is currently in the process of determining the impact that the updated accounting guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. See Note 9 for a summary of undiscounted minimum rental commitments under operating leases as of December 31, 2017. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” that eliminates “Step 2” from the goodwill impairment test. The new standard is effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The new guidance must be applied on a prospective basis. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements or the related disclosures. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,” that provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The new guidance becomes effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The new guidance must be applied on a prospective basis. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements or the related disclosures. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” to address stakeholder concerns about the guidance in current U.S. GAAP that requires deferred tax liabilities and assets to be adjusted for the effect of a change in tax laws or rates with the effect included in income from continuing operations in the reporting period that includes the enactment date. The amendments in this Update allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The Company is currently evaluating the timing, methods and impact of adopting this new standard on the consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64851502&loc=d3e6003-108592 + Details
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