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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q

(Mark One) |
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended
September 30, 2019
OR
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 1-15371
_______________________________________________________________________________
iStar Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland |  | 95-6881527
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor |  |
New York | , | NY |  | 10036
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (212) 930-9400
_______________________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (i) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (ii) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer |  | Accelerated Filer |  | Non‑accelerated Filer |  | Smaller Reporting Company |  | Emerging Growth Company
☒ |  | ☐ |  | ☐ |  | ☐ |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Table of Contents
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value |  | STAR |  | New York Stock Exchange
8.00% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value |  | STAR-PD |  | New York Stock Exchange
7.65% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value |  | STAR-PG |  | New York Stock Exchange
7.50% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value |  | STAR-PI |  | New York Stock Exchange

As of October 30, 2019, there were 62,167,665 shares, $0.001 par value per share, of iStar Inc. common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I | Consolidated Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements: |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of September 30,2019 and December 31, 2018 | 1
| Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)—For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited)—For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (unaudited)—For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)—For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 6
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 41
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 59
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 59
PART II | Other Information | 61
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 61
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 61
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 61
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 61
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 61
Item 5. | Other Information | 61
Item 6. | Exhibits | 62
SIGNATURES | 63

Table of Contents
PART I. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
iStar Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)

| As of
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
ASSETS |  |  |
Real estate |  |  |
Real estate, at cost | $ | 1,756,524 |  |  | $ | 2,076,333 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | (226,408 | ) |  | (305,314 | )
Real estate, net | 1,530,116 |  |  | 1,771,019 |
Real estate available and held for sale | 12,688 |  |  | 22,551 |
Total real estate | 1,542,804 |  |  | 1,793,570 |
Net investment in leases | 421,252 |  |  | — |
Land and development, net | 610,380 |  |  | 598,218 |
Loans receivable and other lending investments, net | 808,289 |  |  | 988,224 |
Other investments | 733,793 |  |  | 304,275 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 917,309 |  |  | 931,751 |
Accrued interest and operating lease income receivable, net | 8,337 |  |  | 10,669 |
Deferred operating lease income receivable, net | 50,366 |  |  | 98,302 |
Deferred expenses and other assets, net | 487,428 |  |  | 289,268 |
Total assets | $ | 5,579,958 |  |  | $ | 5,014,277 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 418,676 |  |  | $ | 316,251 |
Liabilities associated with properties held for sale | 165 |  |  | 2,341 |
Loan participations payable, net | 33,135 |  |  | 22,484 |
Debt obligations, net | 3,827,359 |  |  | 3,609,086 |
Total liabilities | 4,279,335 |  |  | 3,950,162 |
Commitments and contingencies (refer to Note 12) |  |  |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |
iStar Inc. shareholders' equity: |  |  |
Preferred Stock Series D, G and I, liquidation preference $25.00 per share (refer to Note 14) | 12 |  |  | 12 |
Convertible Preferred Stock Series J, liquidation preference $50.00 per share (refer to Note 14) | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Common Stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000 shares authorized, 62,168 and 68,085 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively | 62 |  |  | 68 |
Additional paid-in capital | 3,297,805 |  |  | 3,352,225 |
Accumulated deficit | (2,153,245 | ) |  | (2,472,061 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (refer to Note 14) | (40,522 | ) |  | (17,270 | )
Total iStar Inc. shareholders' equity | 1,104,116 |  |  | 862,978 |
Noncontrolling interests | 196,507 |  |  | 201,137 |
Total equity | 1,300,623 |  |  | 1,064,115 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 5,579,958 |  |  | $ | 5,014,277 |

_______________________________________________________________________________
Note - Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company's consolidated variable interest entities ("VIEs").
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
1

Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease income | $ | 44,110 |  |  | $ | 59,109 |  |  | $ | 158,210 |  |  | $ | 149,516 |
Interest income | 19,701 |  |  | 22,915 |  |  | 60,417 |  |  | 74,824 |
Interest income from sales-type leases | 8,339 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,157 |  |  | — |
Other income | 18,270 |  |  | 27,808 |  |  | 43,133 |  |  | 63,951 |
Land development revenue | 54,918 |  |  | 12,309 |  |  | 76,691 |  |  | 369,665 |
Total revenues | 145,338 |  |  | 122,141 |  |  | 350,608 |  |  | 657,956 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 46,522 |  |  | 47,219 |  |  | 136,851 |  |  | 135,572 |
Real estate expense | 23,187 |  |  | 32,287 |  |  | 71,165 |  |  | 105,511 |
Land development cost of sales | 48,101 |  |  | 12,114 |  |  | 71,785 |  |  | 318,881 |
Depreciation and amortization | 14,199 |  |  | 19,979 |  |  | 43,586 |  |  | 41,857 |
General and administrative | 24,110 |  |  | 21,613 |  |  | 72,512 |  |  | 73,655 |
(Recovery of) provision for loan losses | (3,805 | ) |  | 200 |  |  | (3,792 | ) |  | 18,237 |
Impairment of assets | — |  |  | 989 |  |  | 4,953 |  |  | 11,177 |
Other expense | 407 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 12,798 |  |  | 5,180 |
Total costs and expenses | 152,721 |  |  | 134,699 |  |  | 409,858 |  |  | 710,070 |
Income from sales of real estate | 3,476 |  |  | 5,409 |  |  | 233,406 |  |  | 79,353 |
Income (loss) from operations before earnings from equity method investments and other items | (3,907 | ) |  | (7,149 | ) |  | 174,156 |  |  | 27,239 |
Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net | — |  |  | (911 | ) |  | (468 | ) |  | (3,447 | )
Earnings (losses) from equity method investments | 7,617 |  |  | (635 | ) |  | 16,566 |  |  | (4,581 | )
Selling profit from sales-type leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | 180,416 |  |  | — |
Gain on consolidation of equity method investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67,877 |
Net income (loss) before income taxes | 3,710 |  |  | (8,695 | ) |  | 370,670 |  |  | 87,088 |
Income tax expense | (84 | ) |  | (137 | ) |  | (323 | ) |  | (386 | )
Net income (loss) | 3,626 |  |  | (8,832 | ) |  | 370,347 |  |  | 86,702 |
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (2,845 | ) |  | (2,028 | ) |  | (8,168 | ) |  | (11,632 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to iStar Inc. | 781 |  |  | (10,860 | ) |  | 362,179 |  |  | 75,070 |
Preferred dividends | (8,124 | ) |  | (8,124 | ) |  | (24,372 | ) |  | (24,372 | )
Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders | $ | (7,343 | ) |  | $ | (18,984 | ) |  | $ | 337,807 |  |  | $ | 50,698 |
Per common share data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 5.23 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Diluted | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 4.26 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |
Weighted average number of common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 62,168 |  |  | 67,975 |  |  | 64,624 |  |  | 67,940 |
Diluted | 62,168 |  |  | 67,975 |  |  | 80,876 |  |  | 83,729 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
2

Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands)
(unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (loss) | $ | 3,626 |  |  | $ | (8,832 | ) |  | $ | 370,347 |  |  | $ | 86,702 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impact from adoption of new accounting standards | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 276 |
Reclassification of losses on cumulative translation adjustment into earnings upon realization(1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 721 |
Reclassification of (gains) losses on cash flow hedges into earnings upon realization(2) | 665 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 13,408 |  |  | (1,683 | )
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | 777 |  |  | (558 | ) |  | 2,486 |  |  | (1,514 | )
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges | (9,091 | ) |  | 3,900 |  |  | (45,090 | ) |  | 6,258 |
Unrealized losses on cumulative translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (364 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (7,649 | ) |  | 3,443 |  |  | (29,196 | ) |  | 3,694 |
Comprehensive income (loss) | (4,023 | ) |  | (5,389 | ) |  | 341,151 |  |  | 90,396 |
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1,581 | ) |  | (2,848 | ) |  | (2,224 | ) |  | (12,452 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to iStar Inc. | $ | (5,604 | ) |  | $ | (8,237 | ) |  | $ | 338,927 |  |  | $ | 77,944 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | Amounts were reclassified to "Earnings (losses) from equity method investments" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

(2) | Amounts reclassified to "Interest expense" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations is $539 and $957 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $144 for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Amount reclassified to "Income from sales of real estate" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations is $806 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and amount reclassified to "Gain on consolidation of equity method investment" for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is $1,876. Amounts reclassified to "Earnings (losses) from equity method investments" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations are $126 and $(28) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $(43) and $47 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Amount reclassified to "Other expense" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations is $11,673 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulting from hedged forecasted transactions becoming not probable to occur.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
3

iStar Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(In thousands)
(unaudited)

|  | iStar Inc. Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |
|  | Preferred Stock(1) |  | Preferred Stock Series J(1) |  | Common Stock at Par |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings (Deficit) |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 3,297,303 |  |  | $ | (2,139,611 | ) |  | $ | (34,137 | ) |  | $ | 197,564 |  |  | $ | 1,321,197 |
Dividends declared—preferred |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,124 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,124 | )
Dividends declared—common ($0.10 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,291 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,291 | )
Issuance of stock/restricted stock unit amortization, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 944 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 677 |  |  | 1,621 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 781 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,845 |  |  | 3,626 |
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,385 | ) |  | (1,264 | ) |  | (7,649 | )
Repurchase of stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (442 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (442 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,315 | ) |  | (3,315 | )
Balance as of September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 3,297,805 |  |  | $ | (2,153,245 | ) |  | $ | (40,522 | ) |  | $ | 196,507 |  |  | $ | 1,300,623 |
Balance as of June 30, 2018 |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 3,350,750 |  |  | $ | (2,325,289 | ) |  | $ | (2,231 | ) |  | $ | 189,264 |  |  | $ | 1,212,578 |
Dividends declared—preferred |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,124 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,124 | )
Dividends declared—common ($0.09 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,165 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,165 | )
Issuance of stock/restricted stock unit amortization, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 828 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 828 |
Net income (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,860 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2,028 |  |  | (8,832 | )
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,623 |  |  | 820 |  |  | 3,443 |
Contributions from noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,300 |  |  | 1,300 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,826 | ) |  | (2,826 | )
Balance as of September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 3,351,578 |  |  | $ | (2,350,438 | ) |  | $ | 392 |  |  | $ | 190,586 |  |  | $ | 1,192,202 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | Refer to Note 14 for details on the Company's Preferred Stock.

4

iStar Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(In thousands)
(unaudited)

|  | iStar Inc. Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |
|  | Preferred Stock(1) |  | Preferred Stock Series J(1) |  | Common Stock at Par |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings (Deficit) |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 3,352,225 |  |  | $ | (2,472,061 | ) |  | $ | (17,270 | ) |  | $ | 201,137 |  |  | $ | 1,064,115 |
Dividends declared—preferred |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24,372 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24,372 | )
Dividends declared—common ($0.29 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,991 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,991 | )
Issuance of stock/restricted stock unit amortization, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,361 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,032 |  |  | 6,393 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 362,179 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,168 |  |  | 370,347 |
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23,252 | ) |  | (5,944 | ) |  | (29,196 | )
Repurchase of stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (58,781 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (58,787 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,039 |  |  | 2,039 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,925 | ) |  | (10,925 | )
Balance as of September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 3,297,805 |  |  | $ | (2,153,245 | ) |  | $ | (40,522 | ) |  | $ | 196,507 |  |  | $ | 1,300,623 |
Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 3,352,665 |  |  | $ | (2,470,564 | ) |  | $ | (2,482 | ) |  | $ | 34,546 |  |  | $ | 914,249 |
Dividends declared—preferred |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24,372 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24,372 | )
Dividends declared—common ($0.09 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,165 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,165 | )
Issuance of stock/restricted stock unit amortization, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 7,216 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,217 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75,070 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,632 |  |  | 86,702 |
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,598 |  |  | 820 |  |  | 3,418 |
Repurchase of stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (8,303 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,304 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,309 |  |  | 1,309 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (46,000 | ) |  | (46,000 | )
Change in noncontrolling interest attributable to consolidation of equity method investment (refer to Note 8) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 188,279 |  |  | 188,279 |
Impact from adoption of new accounting standards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75,593 |  |  | 276 |  |  | — |  |  | 75,869 |
Balance as of September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 3,351,578 |  |  | $ | (2,350,438 | ) |  | $ | 392 |  |  | $ | 190,586 |  |  | $ | 1,192,202 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | Refer to Note 14 for details on the Company's Preferred Stock.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(unaudited)

| For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 370,347 |  |  | $ | 86,702 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Provision for loan losses | (3,792 | ) |  | 18,237 |
Impairment of assets | 4,953 |  |  | 11,177 |
Depreciation and amortization | 43,586 |  |  | 41,857 |
Non-cash interest income from sales-type leases | (2,228 | ) |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense | 20,694 |  |  | 16,245 |
Amortization of discounts/premiums and deferred financing costs on debt obligations, net | 10,573 |  |  | 11,715 |
Amortization of discounts/premiums and deferred interest on loans, net | (33,136 | ) |  | (29,138 | )
Deferred interest on loans received | 9,507 |  |  | 40,463 |
Gain from consolidation of equity method investment | — |  |  | (67,877 | )
Selling profit from sales-type leases | (180,416 | ) |  | — |
Earnings from equity method investments | (16,566 | ) |  | 4,581 |
Distributions from operations of other investments | 15,712 |  |  | 10,875 |
Deferred operating lease income | (12,210 | ) |  | (8,119 | )
Income from sales of real estate | (233,406 | ) |  | (79,353 | )
Land development revenue in excess of cost of sales | (4,906 | ) |  | (50,784 | )
Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net | 468 |  |  | 3,447 |
Other operating activities, net | 12,827 |  |  | 1,775 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Deposit on loan to be held for sale | (21,226 | ) |  | — |
Changes in accrued interest and operating lease income receivable | 2,010 |  |  | 2,574 |
Changes in deferred expenses and other assets, net | (8,268 | ) |  | (3,767 | )
Changes in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | (50,319 | ) |  | (47,227 | )
Cash flows used in operating activities | (75,796 | ) |  | (36,617 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Originations and fundings of loans receivable, net | (191,559 | ) |  | (421,518 | )
Capital expenditures on real estate assets | (21,081 | ) |  | (44,211 | )
Capital expenditures on land and development assets | (93,395 | ) |  | (98,489 | )
Acquisitions of real estate, net investments in leases and land assets | (240,487 | ) |  | (3,390 | )
Repayments of and principal collections on loans receivable and other lending investments, net | 380,071 |  |  | 714,898 |
Net proceeds from sales of loans receivable | 5,898 |  |  | — |
Net proceeds from sales of real estate | 307,493 |  |  | 271,358 |
Net proceeds from sales of land and development assets | 73,733 |  |  | 183,520 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash acquired upon consolidation of equity method investment | — |  |  | 13,608 |
Distributions from other investments | 60,411 |  |  | 27,086 |
Contributions to and acquisition of interest in other investments | (494,339 | ) |  | (68,666 | )
Other investing activities, net | (28,002 | ) |  | 5,019 |
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities | (241,257 | ) |  | 579,215 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Borrowings from debt obligations | 834,980 |  |  | 349,988 |
Repayments and repurchases of debt obligations | (389,571 | ) |  | (690,452 | )
Preferred dividends paid | (24,372 | ) |  | (24,372 | )
Common dividends paid | (18,764 | ) |  | (6,103 | )
Repurchase of stock | (58,787 | ) |  | (8,304 | )
Payments for deferred financing costs | (11,416 | ) |  | (6,276 | )
Payments for withholding taxes upon vesting of stock-based compensation | (1,842 | ) |  | (4,187 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | 2,039 |  |  | 9 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (10,925 | ) |  | (46,000 | )
Other financing activities, net | — |  |  | 7,694 |
Cash flows used in financing activities | 321,342 |  |  | (428,003 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (15 | ) |  | 30 |
Changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 4,274 |  |  | 114,625 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 974,544 |  |  | 677,733 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 978,818 |  |  | $ | 792,358 |

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Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(unaudited)

| For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activity: |  |  |
Fundings and (repayments) of loan receivables and loan participations, net | $ | 10,547 |  |  | $ | (84,213 | )
Accounts payable for capital expenditures on real estate assets | — |  |  | 2,184 |
Contributions of land and development assets to equity method investments, net | 4,073 |  |  | — |
Sales-type lease origination | 411,523 |  |  | — |
Acquisition of land and development asset through joint venture consolidation | 27,000 |  |  | — |
Accounts payable for capital expenditures on land and development assets | — |  |  | 9,169 |
Assumption of mortgage by third party | 228,000 |  |  | — |
Accounts payable for finance costs | 1,878 |  |  | — |
Acquisitions of land and development assets through foreclosure | — |  |  | 4,600 |
Financing provided on sales of land and development assets, net | — |  |  | 142,639 |
Increase in net lease assets upon consolidation of equity method investment | — |  |  | 844,550 |
Increase in debt obligations upon consolidation of equity method investment | — |  |  | 464,706 |
Increase in noncontrolling interests upon consolidation of equity method investment | — |  |  | 200,093 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
Note 1—Business and Organization
Business—iStar Inc. (the "Company") finances, invests in and develops real estate and real estate related projects as part of its fully-integrated investment platform. The Company also manages entities focused on ground lease and net lease investments (refer to Note 8). The Company has invested over $40 billion of capital over the past two decades and is structured as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") with a diversified portfolio focused on larger assets located in major metropolitan markets. The Company's primary reportable business segments are real estate finance, net lease, operating properties and land and development (refer to Note 18).
Organization—The Company began its business in 1993 through the management of private investment funds and became publicly traded in 1998. Since that time, the Company has grown through the origination of new investments and corporate acquisitions.
Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
Basis of Presentation—The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") for complete financial statements. These unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the "Annual Report").
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Such operating results may not be indicative of the expected results for any other interim periods or the entire year. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified in the Company's consolidated financial statements and the related notes to conform to the current period presentation.
Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries, controlled partnerships and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company's involvement with VIEs affects its financial performance and cash flows primarily through amounts recorded in "Operating lease income," "Interest income," "Earnings from equity method investments," "Real estate expense" and "Interest expense" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The Company has provided no financial support to those VIEs that it was not previously contractually required to provide.
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Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Consolidated VIEs—The Company consolidates VIEs for which it is considered the primary beneficiary. The liabilities of these VIEs are non-recourse to the Company and can only be satisfied from each VIE's respective assets. The Company did not have any unfunded commitments related to consolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2019. The following table presents the assets and liabilities of the Company's consolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 ($ in thousands):

| As of
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
ASSETS |  |  |
Real estate |  |  |
Real estate, at cost | $ | 888,277 |  |  | $ | 848,052 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | (31,458 | ) |  | (15,365 | )
Real estate, net | 856,819 |  |  | 832,687 |
Land and development, net | 282,082 |  |  | 279,031 |
Other investments | 52 |  |  | 72 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 26,153 |  |  | 25,219 |
Accrued interest and operating lease income receivable, net | 858 |  |  | 1,302 |
Deferred operating lease income receivable, net | 16,958 |  |  | 8,972 |
Deferred expenses and other assets, net | 137,261 |  |  | 167,324 |
Total assets | $ | 1,320,183 |  |  | $ | 1,314,607 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 117,136 |  |  | $ | 106,907 |
Debt obligations, net | 485,032 |  |  | 485,000 |
Total liabilities | 602,168 |  |  | 591,907 |

Unconsolidated VIEs—The Company has investments in VIEs where it is not the primary beneficiary and accordingly the VIEs have not been consolidated in the Company's consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2019, the Company's maximum exposure to loss from these investments does not exceed the sum of the $115.8 million carrying value of the investments, which are classified in "Other investments" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets, and $21.6 million of related unfunded commitments.
Note 3—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The following paragraphs describe the impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements from the adoption of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") on January 1, 2019.
ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-11—Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, Leases ("ASU 2016-02") required the recognition of right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities by the Company as lessee for those leases classified as operating or finance leases, both measured at the present value of the lease payments, on its consolidated balance sheets. For operating lease arrangements as of December 31, 2018 for which the Company was the lessee, primarily under leases of office space and certain ground leases, the Company recorded operating lease right-of-use assets of $31.6 million in "Deferred expenses and other assets, net" and operating lease liabilities of $31.6 million in "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities" on its consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company entered into finance leases in 2019, and as of September 30, 2019, recorded finance lease right-of-use assets of $145.5 million in "Deferred expenses and other assets, net" and finance lease liabilities of $147.1 million in "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities" on its consolidated balance sheets (refer to Significant Accounting Policies below).
The Company, as lessor, recognizes certain of its leases on net lease properties as sales-type leases and records the leases as "Net investment in leases" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets (refer to Note 5). For the Company's leases which qualify as sales-type leases, the Company records "Interest income from sales-type leases" in the Company's consolidated statements
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Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
of operations. The amount recorded as interest income from sales-type leases in any given period will likely be different than the straight-line lease income that would have been recorded under the superseded guidance.
Management elected the practical expedient package that allowed the Company: (a) to not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts entered into prior to January 1, 2019 are or contain leases; (b) to not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases entered into prior to January 1, 2019; and (c) to not reassess initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases entered into prior to January 1, 2019. In addition, the Company elected to not record on its consolidated balance sheets leases whose term is less than 12 months at lease inception.
ASU 2018-11, Leases amended ASU 2016-02 so that: (i) entities could elect to not recast the comparative periods presented when transitioning to ASC 842 by allowing entities to change their initial application to the beginning of the period of adoption; and (ii) provided lessors with a practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component of the contractual payments if certain conditions are met. Management elected both of these provisions.
ASU 2018-16—ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") Overnight Index Swap ("OIS") Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes was issued in October 2018 and expands the list of U.S. benchmark interest rates permitted in the application of hedge accounting by adding the OIS rate based on SOFR as an eligible benchmark interest rate. The adoption of ASU 2018-16 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Significant Accounting Policies
Real estate available and held for sale—The Company reports real estate assets to be sold at the lower of their carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell and classifies them as “Real estate available and held for sale” on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. If the estimated fair value less costs to sell is less than the carrying value, the difference will be recorded as an impairment charge. Impairment for real estate assets disposed of or classified as held for sale are included in "Impairment of assets" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Once a real estate asset is classified as held for sale, depreciation expense is no longer recorded.
The Company classifies its real estate assets as held for sale in the period in which all of the following conditions are met: (i) the Company commits to a plan and has the authority to sell the asset; (ii) the asset is available for sale in its current condition; (iii) the Company has initiated an active marketing plan to locate a buyer for the asset; (iv) the sale of the asset is both probable and expected to qualify for full sales recognition within a period of 12 months; (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reflective of its current fair value; and (vi) the Company does not anticipate changes to its plan to sell the asset.
Net Investment in Leases—Net investment in leases are recognized when the Company's leases qualify as sales-type leases. The net investment in leases is initially measured at the present value of the fixed and determinable lease payments, including any guaranteed or unguaranteed residual value of the asset at the end of the lease, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease. If a lease qualifies as a sales-type lease, it is further evaluated to determine whether the transaction is considered a sale leaseback transaction. If the sales-type lease does not qualify as a sale leaseback transaction, the lease is considered a financing receivable and is recognized in accordance with ASC 310 (refer to Note 5) and recorded in "Loans receivable and other lending investments, net" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
Interest Income from Sales-Type Leases—Interest income from sales-type leases is recognized in "Interest income from sales-type leases" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations under the effective interest method. The effective interest method produces a constant yield on the net investment in the lease over the term of the lease. Rent payments that are not fixed and determinable at lease inception, such as percentage rent and CPI adjustments, are not included in the effective interest method calculation and are recognized in "Interest income from sales-type leases" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations in the period earned.
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Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Restricted cash—The following table provides a reconciliation of the cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the Company's consolidated balance sheets that total to the same amount as reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 917,309 |  |  | $ | 931,751 |  |  | $ | 757,384 |  |  | $ | 657,688 |
Restricted cash included in deferred expenses and other assets, net(1) |  | 61,509 |  |  | 42,793 |  |  | 34,974 |  |  | 20,045 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows |  | $ | 978,818 |  |  | $ | 974,544 |  |  | $ | 792,358 |  |  | $ | 677,733 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | Restricted cash represents amounts required to be maintained under certain of the Company's debt obligations, loans, leasing, land development, sale and derivative transactions.

Deferred expenses and other assets and accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities—Effective January 1, 2019 with the adoption of ASU 2016-02, the Company, as lessee, records right-of-use lease assets in "Deferred expenses and other assets" and lease liabilities in "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities" on its consolidated balance sheets for operating and finance leases, both measured at the present value of the lease payments. Some of the Company's lease agreements include extension options, which are not included in the lease payments unless the extensions are reasonably certain to be exercised.
For operating leases, the Company recognizes a single lease cost for office leases in "General and administrative" and a single lease cost for ground leases in "Real estate expense" in the consolidated statements of operations, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated generally on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, and classifies all cash payments within operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. For finance leases, the Company recognizes amortization of the right-of-use assets on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease in "Depreciation and amortization" and interest expense on the lease liability using the effective interest method in "Interest expense" in the consolidated statements of operations. Repayments of the principal portion of the finance lease liability are classified within financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows and payments of interest on a finance lease liability are classified within operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows.
For the remainder of the Company's significant accounting policies, refer to the Company's Annual Report.
New Accounting Pronouncements—In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), which was issued to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments held by a reporting entity. This amendment replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The Company currently records a general reserve that covers performing loans and reserves for loan losses are recorded when: (i) available information as of each balance sheet date indicates that it is probable a loss has occurred in the portfolio; and (ii) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The formula-based general reserve is derived from estimated principal default probabilities and loss severities applied to groups of loans based upon risk ratings assigned to loans with similar risk characteristics during our quarterly loan portfolio assessment. The Company estimates loss rates based on historical realized losses experienced within its portfolio and take into account current economic conditions affecting the commercial real estate market when establishing appropriate time frames to evaluate loss experience. ASU 2016-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Management is currently evaluating the impact from ASU 2016-13 on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments ("ASU 2019-04") to clarify certain accounting topics from previously issued ASUs, including ASU 2016-13. ASU 2019-04 addresses certain aspects of ASU 2016-13, including but not limited to, accrued interest receivable, loan recoveries, interest rate projections for variable-rate financial instruments and expected prepayments. ASU 2019-04 provides alternatives that allow entities to measure credit losses on accrued interest separate from credit losses on the principal portion of a loan, clarifies that entities should include expected recoveries in the measurement of credit losses, allows entities to consider future interest rates when measuring credit losses and can elect to adjust effective interest rates used to discount expected cash flows for expected loan prepayments. ASU 2019-04 is effective upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13. Management is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2019-04 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Note 4—Real Estate
The Company's real estate assets were comprised of the following ($ in thousands):

| Net Lease(1) |  | Operating Properties |  | Total
As of September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Land, at cost | $ | 201,197 |  |  | $ | 106,187 |  |  | $ | 307,384 |
Buildings and improvements, at cost | 1,342,319 |  |  | 106,821 |  |  | 1,449,140 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | (213,618 | ) |  | (12,790 | ) |  | (226,408 | )
Real estate, net | 1,329,898 |  |  | 200,218 |  |  | 1,530,116 |
Real estate available and held for sale (2) | — |  |  | 12,688 |  |  | 12,688 |
Total real estate | $ | 1,329,898 |  |  | $ | 212,906 |  |  | $ | 1,542,804 |
As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Land, at cost | $ | 336,740 |  |  | $ | 133,599 |  |  | $ | 470,339 |
Buildings and improvements, at cost | 1,487,270 |  |  | 118,724 |  |  | 1,605,994 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | (287,516 | ) |  | (17,798 | ) |  | (305,314 | )
Real estate, net | 1,536,494 |  |  | 234,525 |  |  | 1,771,019 |
Real estate available and held for sale (2) | 1,055 |  |  | 21,496 |  |  | 22,551 |
Total real estate | $ | 1,537,549 |  |  | $ | 256,021 |  |  | $ | 1,793,570 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | In May 2019, the Company modified certain of its leases. As a result of these modifications, the Company is required to account for the leases as sales-type leases and recorded $424.1 million in "Net investment in leases" and derecognized $193.4 million from "Real estate, net" and "Real estate available and held for sale" on its consolidated balance sheet (refer to Note 5).

(2) | As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had $11.7 million and $20.6 million, respectively, of residential condominiums available for sale in its operating properties portfolio.

Acquisitions—During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company acquired a net lease asset for $11.5 million. In addition, the Company acquired the leasehold interest in a net lease asset for $98.2 million, inclusive of closing costs, and simultaneously entered into a new 98-year Ground Lease with SAFE (refer to Note 8) and also acquired the leasehold interest in a net lease asset for $110.6 million and simultaneously entered into a new 99-year Ground Lease with SAFE (refer to Note 8).
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Dispositions—The following table presents the net proceeds and income recognized for properties sold, by property type ($ in millions):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Operating Properties |  |  |  |
Proceeds(1) |  | $ | 80.2 |  |  | $ | 228.7 |
Income from sales of real estate(1) |  | 10.2 |  |  | 54.5 |
Net Lease |  |  |  |
Proceeds(2) |  | $ | 452.7 |  |  | $ | 38.4 |
Income from sales of real estate(2) |  | 223.2 |  |  | 24.9 |
Total |  |  |  |
Proceeds |  | $ | 532.9 |  |  | $ | 267.1 |
Income from sales of real estate |  | 233.4 |  |  | 79.4 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold commercial and residential operating properties with an aggregate carrying value of $70.0 million and recognized gains of $10.2 million in "Income from sales of real estate" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company sold commercial and residential operating properties and recognized $54.5 million of gains in "Income from sales of real estate" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations, of which $9.8 million was attributable to a noncontrolling interest at one of the properties.

(2) | During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold a portfolio of net lease assets with an aggregate carrying value of $220.4 million and recognized gains of $219.7 million in "Income from sales of real estate" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. In connection with the sale of this portfolio of assets the buyer assumed a $228.0 million non-recourse mortgage. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company sold net lease assets and recognized $24.9 million of gains in "Income from sales of real estate" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

Impairments—During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded an impairment of $3.3 million on a commercial operating property based on an executed purchase and sale agreement and recorded $0.6 million of impairments in connection with the sale of residential condominium units. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded aggregate impairments of $9.9 million resulting from the determination that the Company's total recovery related to a net lease asset was less than its carrying value and from the sale of commercial and residential operating properties.
Tenant Reimbursements—The Company receives reimbursements from tenants for certain facility operating expenses including common area costs, insurance, utilities and real estate taxes. Tenant expense reimbursements were $4.9 million and $14.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $5.7 million and $16.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. These amounts are included in "Operating lease income" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts—As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the allowance for doubtful accounts related to real estate tenant receivables was $1.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and the allowance for doubtful accounts related to deferred operating lease income was $1.1 million and $1.8 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. These amounts are included in "Accrued interest and operating lease income receivable, net" and "Deferred operating lease income receivable, net," respectively, on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Note 5—Net Investment in Leases
In May 2019, the Company entered into a transaction with an operator of bowling entertainment venues, consisting of the purchase of nine bowling centers for $56.7 million, of which seven were acquired from the lessee for $44.1 million, and a commitment to invest up to $55.0 million in additional bowling centers over the next several years. The new centers were added to the Company's existing master leases with the tenant. In connection with this transaction, the maturities of the master leases were extended by 15 years to 2047.
As a result of the modifications to the leases, the Company classified the leases as sales-type leases and recorded $424.1 million in "Net investment in leases" and derecognized $193.4 million from "Real estate, net" and "Real estate available and held for sale," $25.4 million from "Deferred operating lease income receivable, net," $13.4 million from "Deferred expenses and other assets, net" and $1.9 million from "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities" on its consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognized $180.4 million in "Selling profit from sales-type leases" in its consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as a result of the transaction. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized $8.3 million and $12.2 million, respectively, of "Interest income from sales-type leases" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The Company determined that the seven bowling centers acquired from the lessee did not qualify as a sale leaseback transaction and recorded $44.1 million in "Loans receivable and other lending investments, net" on its consolidated balance sheet (refer to Note 7).
Future Minimum Lease Payments under Sales-type Leases—Future minimum lease payments to be collected under sales-type leases, excluding lease payments that are not fixed and determinable, in effect as of September 30, 2019, are as follows by year ($ in thousands):

|  | Amount
2019 (remaining three months) |  | $ | 6,891 |
2020 |  | 27,565 |
2021 |  | 28,062 |
2022 |  | 30,549 |
2023 |  | 30,549 |
Thereafter |  | 925,293 |
Total undiscounted cash flows |  | 1,048,909 |
Unguaranteed estimated residual value |  | 343,995 |
Present value discount |  | (971,652 | )
Net investment in leases as of September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 421,252 |

Note 6—Land and Development
The Company's land and development assets were comprised of the following ($ in thousands):

| As of
| September 30, |  | December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Land and land development, at cost | $ | 619,745 |  |  | $ | 606,849 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | (9,365 | ) |  | (8,631 | )
Total land and development, net | $ | 610,380 |  |  | $ | 598,218 |

Acquisitions—During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company acquired a land and development asset from an unconsolidated entity in which the Company owned a noncontrolling 50% equity interest for $34.3 million, which consisted of a $7.3 million cash payment and the assumption of a $27.0 million loan (refer to Note 8).
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company acquired, via foreclosure, title to a land asset which had a total fair value of $4.6 million and had previously served as collateral for loans receivable held by the Company. No gain or loss was recorded in connection with this transaction.
Dispositions—During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company sold land parcels and residential lots and units and recognized land development revenue of $76.7 million and $369.7 million, respectively. In connection with the sale of two land parcels totaling 93 acres during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company provided an aggregate $145.0 million of financing to the buyers, of which $85.1 million was outstanding as of September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized land development cost of sales of $71.8 million and $318.9 million, respectively, from its land and development portfolio.
Impairments—During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded an impairment of $1.1 million on a land and development asset due to a change in business strategy. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded an impairment of $1.3 million on a land and development asset based upon market comparable sales.
Note 7—Loans Receivable and Other Lending Investments, net
The following is a summary of the Company's loans receivable and other lending investments by class ($ in thousands):

| As of
Type of Investment | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Senior mortgages | $ | 554,567 |  |  | $ | 760,749 |
Corporate/Partnership loans | 121,500 |  |  | 148,583 |
Subordinate mortgages | 10,695 |  |  | 10,161 |
Total gross carrying value of loans | 686,762 |  |  | 919,493 |
Reserves for loan losses | (30,401 | ) |  | (53,395 | )
Total loans receivable, net | 656,361 |  |  | 866,098 |
Other lending investments(1) | 151,928 |  |  | 122,126 |
Total loans receivable and other lending investments, net | $ | 808,289 |  |  | $ | 988,224 |

____________________________________________________________

(1) | As of September 30, 2019, includes $44.2 million related to the acquisition of bowling centers from one of the Company's lessees (refer to Note 5).

Reserve for Loan Losses—Changes in the Company's reserve for loan losses were as follows ($ in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Reserve for loan losses at beginning of period |  | $ | 53,408 |  |  | $ | 54,495 |  |  | $ | 53,395 |  |  | $ | 78,489 |
(Recovery of) provision for loan losses |  | (3,805 | ) |  | 200 |  |  | (3,792 | ) |  | 18,237 |
Charge-offs |  | (19,202 | ) |  | — |  |  | (19,202 | ) |  | (42,031 | )
Reserve for loan losses at end of period |  | $ | 30,401 |  |  | $ | 54,695 |  |  | $ | 30,401 |  |  | $ | 54,695 |

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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
The Company's recorded investment in loans (comprised of a loan's carrying value plus accrued interest) and the associated reserve for loan losses were as follows ($ in thousands):

| Individually Evaluated for Impairment(1) |  | Collectively Evaluated for Impairment(2) |  | Total
As of September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 38,400 |  |  | $ | 652,523 |  |  | $ | 690,923 |
Less: Reserve for loan losses | (21,701 | ) |  | (8,700 | ) |  | (30,401 | )
Total(3) | $ | 16,699 |  |  | $ | 643,823 |  |  | $ | 660,522 |
As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 66,725 |  |  | $ | 857,662 |  |  | $ | 924,387 |
Less: Reserve for loan losses | (40,395 | ) |  | (13,000 | ) |  | (53,395 | )
Total(3) | $ | 26,330 |  |  | $ | 844,662 |  |  | $ | 870,992 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | The carrying value of these loans include unamortized discounts, premiums, deferred fees and costs totaling net discounts of $0.1 million and $0.5 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company's loans individually evaluated for impairment primarily represent loans on non-accrual status; therefore, the unamortized amounts associated with these loans are not currently being amortized into income.

(2) | The carrying value of these loans include unamortized discounts, premiums, deferred fees and costs totaling net discounts of $1.3 million and $3.1 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(3) | The Company's recorded investment in loans as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 includes accrued interest of $4.2 million and $4.9 million, respectively, which is included in "Accrued interest and operating lease income receivable, net" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2019, excludes $44.2 million of other lending investments that are evaluated for impairment when, based upon current information and events, the Company believes it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the lease (refer to Note 5). As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total amounts exclude $107.7 million and $122.1 million, respectively, of securities that are evaluated for impairment under ASC 320.

Credit Characteristics—As part of the Company's process for monitoring the credit quality of its loans, it performs a quarterly loan portfolio assessment and assigns risk ratings to each of its performing loans. Risk ratings, which range from 1 (lower risk) to 5 (higher risk), are based on judgments, which are inherently uncertain, and there can be no assurance that actual performance will be similar to current expectation. The Company designates loans as non-performing at such time as: (1) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; (2) the loan has a maturity default; or (3) management determines it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. All non-performing loans are placed on non-accrual status and income is only recognized in certain cases upon actual cash receipt.
The Company's recorded investment in performing loans, presented by class and by credit quality, as indicated by risk rating, was as follows ($ in thousands):

| As of September 30, 2019 |  | As of December 31, 2018
| Performing Loans |  | Weighted Average Risk Ratings |  | Performing Loans |  | Weighted Average Risk Ratings
Senior mortgages | $ | 519,289 |  |  | 2.71 |  |  | $ | 697,807 |  |  | 2.76 |
Corporate/Partnership loans | 122,507 |  |  | 3.15 |  |  | 149,663 |  |  | 2.84 |
Subordinate mortgages | 10,727 |  |  | 3.00 |  |  | 10,192 |  |  | 3.00 |
Total | $ | 652,523 |  |  | 2.80 |  |  | $ | 857,662 |  |  | 2.77 |

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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
The Company's recorded investment in loans, aged by payment status and presented by class, was as follows ($ in thousands):

| Current |  | Less Than and Equal to 90 Days |  | Greater Than 90 Days(1) |  | Total Past Due |  | Total
As of September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior mortgages | $ | 519,289 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,400 |  |  | $ | 38,400 |  |  | $ | 557,689 |
Corporate/Partnership loans | 122,507 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 122,507 |
Subordinate mortgages | 10,727 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,727 |
Total | $ | 652,523 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,400 |  |  | $ | 38,400 |  |  | $ | 690,923 |
As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior mortgages | $ | 703,807 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 60,725 |  |  | $ | 60,725 |  |  | $ | 764,532 |
Corporate/Partnership loans | 149,663 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 149,663 |
Subordinate mortgages | 10,192 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,192 |
Total | $ | 863,662 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 60,725 |  |  | $ | 60,725 |  |  | $ | 924,387 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | As of September 30, 2019, the Company had one loan which was greater than 90 days delinquent and was in various stages of resolution, including legal and environmental matters, and was 10.3 years outstanding. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had two loans which were greater than 90 days delinquent and were in various stages of resolution, including legal and foreclosure-related proceedings and environmental matters, and ranged from 4.0 years to 9.0 years outstanding.

Impaired Loans—The Company's recorded investment in impaired loans, presented by class, was as follows ($ in thousands)(1):

| As of September 30, 2019 |  | As of December 31, 2018
| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior mortgages | $ | 38,400 |  |  | $ | 38,501 |  |  | $ | (21,701 | ) |  | $ | 66,725 |  |  | $ | 66,777 |  |  | $ | (40,395 | )
Total | $ | 38,400 |  |  | $ | 38,501 |  |  | $ | (21,701 | ) |  | $ | 66,725 |  |  | $ | 66,777 |  |  | $ | (40,395 | )

____________________________________________________________

(1) | All of the Company's non-accrual loans are considered impaired and included in the table above.

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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
The Company's average recorded investment in impaired loans and interest income recognized, presented by class, were as follows ($ in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subordinate mortgages | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 301 |
Subtotal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 209 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 301 |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior mortgages | 38,572 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,001 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 70,696 |  |  | — |
Corporate/Partnership loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78,302 |  |  | — |
Subtotal | 38,572 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,001 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 148,998 |  |  | — |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior mortgages | 38,572 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,001 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 70,696 |  |  | — |
Corporate/Partnership loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78,302 |  |  | — |
Subordinate mortgages | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 209 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 301 |
Total | $ | 38,572 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 67,001 |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 39,074 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 148,998 |  |  | $ | 301 |

Other lending investments—Other lending investments includes the following securities ($ in thousands):

| Face Value |  | Amortized Cost Basis |  | Net Unrealized Gain |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Net Carrying Value
As of September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal debt securities | $ | 21,140 |  |  | $ | 21,140 |  |  | $ | 2,962 |  |  | $ | 24,102 |  |  | $ | 24,102 |
Held-to-Maturity Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities | 100,000 |  |  | 83,593 |  |  | — |  |  | 83,593 |  |  | 83,593 |
Total | $ | 121,140 |  |  | $ | 104,733 |  |  | $ | 2,962 |  |  | $ | 107,695 |  |  | $ | 107,695 |
As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal debt securities | $ | 21,185 |  |  | $ | 21,185 |  |  | $ | 476 |  |  | $ | 21,661 |  |  | $ | 21,661 |
Held-to-Maturity Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities | 120,866 |  |  | 100,465 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 100,472 |  |  | 100,465 |
Total | $ | 142,051 |  |  | $ | 121,650 |  |  | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | 122,133 |  |  | $ | 122,126 |

18

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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
As of September 30, 2019, the contractual maturities of the Company's securities were as follows ($ in thousands):

| Held-to-Maturity Securities |  | Available-for-Sale Securities
| Amortized Cost Basis |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost Basis |  | Estimated Fair Value
Maturities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Within one year | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
After one year through 5 years | 83,593 |  |  | 83,593 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
After 5 years through 10 years | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
After 10 years | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,140 |  |  | 24,102 |
Total | $ | 83,593 |  |  | $ | 83,593 |  |  | $ | 21,140 |  |  | $ | 24,102 |

Note 8—Other Investments
The Company's other investments and its proportionate share of earnings from equity method investments were as follows ($ in thousands):

|  |  | Equity in Earnings (Losses)
| Carrying Value as of |  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Real estate equity investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Safehold Inc. ("SAFE") | $ | 581,059 |  |  | $ | 149,589 |  |  | $ | 2,946 |  |  | $ | 775 |  |  | $ | 14,076 |  |  | $ | 2,927 |
iStar Net Lease II LLC ("Net Lease Venture II") | 5,300 |  |  | 16,215 |  |  | (98 | ) |  | — |  |  | (416 | ) |  | — |
iStar Net Lease I LLC ("Net Lease Venture")(1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,100 |
Other real estate equity investments(2) | 103,021 |  |  | 130,955 |  |  | 4,574 |  |  | (2,062 | ) |  | 2,744 |  |  | (2,087 | )
Subtotal | 689,380 |  |  | 296,759 |  |  | 7,422 |  |  | (1,287 | ) |  | 16,404 |  |  | 4,940 |
Other strategic investments(3) | 44,413 |  |  | 7,516 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 652 |  |  | 162 |  |  | (9,521 | )
Total | $ | 733,793 |  |  | $ | 304,275 |  |  | $ | 7,617 |  |  | $ | (635 | ) |  | $ | 16,566 |  |  | $ | (4,581 | )

____________________________________________________________

(1) | The Company consolidated the assets and liabilities of the Net Lease Venture on June 30, 2018 (refer to Net Lease Venture below).

(2) | During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, equity in earnings (losses) includes $8.2 million of income resulting from the sale of a property at one of the Company's equity method investments.

(3) | For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, equity in earnings (losses) includes a $10.0 million impairment on a foreign equity method investment due to local market conditions.

Safehold Inc.—Safehold Inc. ("SAFE"), formerly known as Safety, Income & Growth Inc., is a publicly-traded company formed by the Company primarily to acquire, own, manage, finance and capitalize ground leases. Ground leases generally represent ownership of the land underlying commercial real estate projects that is net leased by the fee owner of the land to the owners/operators of the real estate projects built thereon ("Ground Leases").
On January 2, 2019, the Company purchased 12,500,000 newly designated limited partnership units (the "Investor Units") in SAFE's operating partnership ("SAFE OP"), at a purchase price of $20.00 per unit, for a total purchase price of $250.0 million. The purpose of the investment was to allow SAFE to fund additional Ground Lease acquisitions and originations. Each Investor Unit received distributions equivalent to distributions declared and paid on one share of SAFE's common stock. The Investor Units had no voting rights. They had limited protective consent rights over certain matters such as amendments to the terms of the Investor Units that would adversely affect the Investor Units. In May 2019, after the approval of SAFE's stockholders, the Investor Units were exchanged for shares of SAFE's common stock on a one-for-one basis. Following the exchange, the Investor Units were retired.
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
In connection with the Company's purchase of the Investor Units, it entered into a Stockholder's Agreement with SAFE on January 2, 2019. The Stockholder's Agreement:

• | limits the Company's discretionary voting power to 41.9% of the outstanding voting power of SAFE's common stock until its aggregate ownership of SAFE common stock is less than 41.9%;

• | requires the Company to cast all of its voting power in favor of three director nominees to SAFE's board who are independent of each of the Company and SAFE for three years;

• | subjects the Company to certain standstill provisions for two years;

• | restricts the Company's ability to transfer shares of SAFE common stock issued in exchange for Investor Units, or "Exchange Shares," for one year after their issuance;

• | prohibits the Company from transferring shares of SAFE common stock representing more than 20% of the outstanding SAFE common stock in one transaction or a series of related transactions to any person or group, other than pursuant to a widely distributed public offering, unless SAFE's other stockholders have participation rights in the transaction; and

• | provides the Company certain preemptive rights.

A wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company is the external manager of SAFE and is entitled to a management fee. Following are the key terms of the management agreement:

• | The Company received no management fee through June 30, 2018, which covered the first year of the management agreement;

• | The Company receives a fee equal to 1.0% of total SAFE equity (as defined in the management agreement) up to $1.5 billion; 1.25% of total SAFE equity (for incremental equity of $1.5 billion - $3.0 billion); 1.375% of total SAFE equity (for incremental equity of $3.0 billion - $5.0 billion); and 1.5% of total SAFE equity (for incremental equity over $5.0 billion);

• | Fee to be paid in cash or in shares of SAFE common stock, at the discretion of SAFE's independent directors;

• | The stock is locked up for two years, subject to certain restrictions;

• | There is no additional performance or incentive fee;

• | From January 1, 2019 through June 30, 2022, the management agreement is non-terminable by SAFE except for cause; and

• | Automatic annual renewals thereafter, subject to non-renewal upon certain findings by SAFE's independent directors and payment of termination fee equal to three times the prior year's management fee, subject to SAFE having raised $820 million of total equity since inception.

In August 2019, the Company acquired 6.0 million shares of SAFE's common stock in a private placement for $168.0 million. As of September 30, 2019, the Company owned approximately 67.1% of SAFE's common stock outstanding.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $1.9 million and $5.0 million, respectively, of management fees and during the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $0.9 million of management fees pursuant to its management agreement with SAFE. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company waived $1.8 million of management fees pursuant to its management agreement with SAFE. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company received 56,610 shares and 178,215 shares, respectively, of SAFE common stock for payment of management fees.
The Company is also entitled to receive expense reimbursements, including for the allocable costs of its personnel that perform certain legal, accounting, due diligence tasks and other services that third-party professionals or outside consultants otherwise would perform. The Company waived certain of the expense reimbursements through June 30, 2018. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company was reimbursed $0.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, of expense reimbursements. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company was reimbursed $0.4 million of expense reimbursements. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company waived $0.8 million of expense reimbursements pursuant to its management agreement with SAFE.
The Company has an exclusivity agreement with SAFE pursuant to which it agreed, subject to certain exceptions, that it will not acquire, originate, invest in, or provide financing for a third party’s acquisition of, a Ground Lease unless it has first offered that opportunity to SAFE and a majority of its independent directors has declined the opportunity.
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Following is a list of investments that the Company has transacted with SAFE, all of which were approved by the Company's and SAFE's independent directors, for the periods presented:
In August 2017, the Company committed to provide a $24.0 million loan to the ground lessee of a Ground Lease originated at SAFE. The loan was for the renovation of a medical office building in Atlanta, GA. The Company funded $18.4 million of the loan, which was repaid in August 2019. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of interest income on the loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $1.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of interest income on the loan.
In October 2017, the Company closed on a 99-year Ground Lease and a $80.5 million construction financing commitment to support the ground-up development of a to-be-built luxury multi-family project in San Jose, CA. The transaction includes a combination of: (i) a newly created Ground Lease and a $7.2 million leasehold improvement allowance, which was fully funded as of September 30, 2019; and (ii) a $80.5 million leasehold first mortgage. As of September 30, 2019, $27.3 million of the loan was funded. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of interest income on the loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $0.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of interest income on the loan. The Company entered into a forward purchase contract with SAFE under which SAFE would acquire the Ground Lease in November 2020 for approximately $34.0 million.
In May 2018, the Company provided a $19.9 million leasehold mortgage loan to the ground lessee of a Ground Lease originated at SAFE. As of September 30, 2019, the loan was fully funded. The loan was for the acquisition of two multi-tenant office buildings in Atlanta, GA. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of interest income on the loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $1.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of interest income on the loan.
In June 2018, the Company sold two industrial facilities located in Miami, FL to a third-party and simultaneously structured and entered into two Ground Leases. The Company then sold the two Ground Leases to SAFE. Net proceeds from the transactions totaled $36.1 million and the Company recognized a $24.5 million gain on sale.
In January 2019, the Company committed to provide a $13.3 million loan to the ground lessee of a Ground Lease originated at SAFE. The loan is for the conversion of an office building into a multi-family property in Washington, DC. As of September 30, 2019, $12.4 million of the loan was funded. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of interest income on the loan.
In February 2019, the Company acquired the leasehold interest in an office property and simultaneously entered into a new 98-year Ground Lease with SAFE (refer to Note 4).
In August 2019, the Company acquired the leasehold interest in a net lease asset and simultaneously entered into a new 99-year Ground Lease with SAFE (refer to Note 4).
Net Lease Venture—In February 2014, the Company partnered with a sovereign wealth fund to form the Net Lease Venture to acquire and develop net lease assets and gave a right of first offer to the venture on all new net lease investments. The Company and its partner had joint decision making rights pertaining to the acquisition of new investments. Upon the expiration of the investment period on June 30, 2018, the Company obtained control of the venture through its unilateral rights of management and disposition of the assets. As a result, the expiration of the investment period resulted in a reconsideration event under GAAP and the Company determined that the Net Lease Venture is a VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Effective June 30, 2018, the Company consolidated the Net Lease Venture as an asset acquisition under ASC 810. The Company recorded a gain of $67.9 million in "Gain on consolidation of equity method investment" in the Company's consolidated statement of operations as a result of the consolidation. The Net Lease Venture had previously been accounted for as an equity method investment. The Company has an equity interest in the Net Lease Venture of approximately 51.9% and recorded a $188.3 million increase to "Noncontrolling interests." The Company is responsible for sourcing new opportunities and managing the venture and its assets in exchange for a management fee and incentive fee. Several of the Company's senior executives whose time is substantially devoted to the Net Lease Venture own a total of 0.6% equity ownership in the venture via co-investment. These senior executives are also entitled to an amount equal to 50% of any incentive fee received based on the 47.5% partner's interest.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $1.3 million of management fees from the Net Lease Venture. The management fees are included in "Other income" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Beginning after the Company's consolidation of the Net Lease Venture on June 30, 2018 and after the effect of eliminations, the
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Company earned $0.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of management fees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $0.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 with respect to services provided to other investors in the Net Lease Venture, which was recorded as a reduction to "Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
Net Lease Venture II—In July 2018, the Company entered into a new venture ("Net Lease Venture II") with an investment strategy similar to the Net Lease Venture. The Net Lease Venture II has a right of first offer on all new net lease investments (excluding Ground Leases) originated by the Company. Net Lease Venture II is a voting interest entity and the Company has an equity interest in the venture of approximately 51.9%, which will be accounted for as an equity method investment, and is responsible for managing the venture in exchange for a management fee and incentive fee. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $0.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of management fees from the Net Lease Venture II.
In December 2018, Net Lease Venture II acquired four buildings comprising 168,636 square feet (the "Properties") located in Livermore, CA. Net Lease Venture II acquired the Properties for $31.2 million which are 100% leased with four separate leases that expire in December 2028.
Other real estate equity investments—As of September 30, 2019, the Company's other real estate equity investments include equity interests in real estate ventures ranging from 16.0% to 95.0%, comprised of investments of $60.3 million in operating properties and $42.7 million in land assets. As of December 31, 2018, the Company's other real estate equity investments included $65.6 million in operating properties and $65.3 million in land assets.
In August 2018, the Company provided a mezzanine loan with a principal balance of $32.4 million and $30.5 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, to an unconsolidated entity in which the Company owns a 50% equity interest. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the loan is included in "Loans receivable and other lending investments, net" on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of interest income on the mezzanine loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $2.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of interest income on the mezzanine loan.
In December 2016, the Company sold a land and development asset to a newly formed unconsolidated entity in which the Company owned a 50.0% equity interest. The Company provided financing to the entity in the form of a $27.0 million senior loan, all of which was funded as of December 31, 2018 and was included in "Loans receivable and other lending investments, net" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. In April 2019, the Company acquired the land and development asset from the entity for $34.3 million, which consisted of a $7.3 million cash payment and the assumption of the $27.0 million senior loan. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $0.5 million of interest income on the senior loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $0.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of interest income on the senior loan.
Other strategic investments—As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company also had investments in real estate related funds and other strategic investments in real estate entities.
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Note 9—Other Assets and Other Liabilities
Deferred expenses and other assets, net, consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

| As of
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Intangible assets, net(1) | $ | 176,557 |  |  | $ | 156,281 |
Restricted cash | 61,509 |  |  | 42,793 |
Finance lease right-of-use assets(2) | 145,528 |  |  | — |
Operating lease right-of-use assets(2) | 27,816 |  |  | — |
Other assets(3) | 23,826 |  |  | 32,333 |
Other receivables(4) | 42,129 |  |  | 46,887 |
Leasing costs, net(5) | 4,585 |  |  | 6,224 |
Corporate furniture, fixtures and equipment, net(6) | 2,980 |  |  | 3,850 |
Deferred financing fees, net | 2,498 |  |  | 900 |
Deferred expenses and other assets, net | $ | 487,428 |  |  | $ | 289,268 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | Intangible assets, net includes above market and in-place lease assets and lease incentives related to the acquisition of real estate assets. Accumulated amortization on intangible assets, net was $30.5 million and $27.0 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The amortization of above market leases and lease incentive assets decreased operating lease income in the Company's consolidated statements of operations by $0.4 million and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $0.9 million and $1.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. These intangible lease assets are amortized over the remaining term of the lease. The amortization expense for in-place leases was $2.4 million and $6.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $4.0 million and $4.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. These amounts are included in "Depreciation and amortization" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

(2) | Right-of-use lease assets relate primarily to the Company's leases of office space and certain of its ground leases. Right-of use lease assets initially equal the lease liability. The lease liability (see table below) equals the present value of the minimum rental payments due under the lease discounted at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company's incremental secured borrowing rate for similar collateral. For operating leases, lease liabilities were discounted at the Company's weighted average incremental secured borrowing rate for similar collateral estimated to be 5.6% and the weighted average lease term is 9.7 years. For finance leases, lease liabilities were discounted at a weighted average rate implicit in the lease of 5.5% and the weighted average lease term is 98.2 years. Right-of-use assets for finance leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and are recorded in "Depreciation and amortization" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized $1.7 million and $3.0 million, respectively, in "Interest expense" and $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, in "Depreciation and amortization" in its consolidated statement of operations relating to finance leases. For operating leases, rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and is recorded in "General and administrative" and "Real estate expense" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations (refer to Note 3). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized $0.9 million and $2.8 million, respectively, in "General and administrative" and $0.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively, in "Real estate expense" in its consolidated statement of operations relating to operating leases.

(3) | Other assets primarily includes derivative assets, prepaid expenses and deposits for certain real estate assets.

(4) | As of December 31, 2018, includes $26.0 million of reimbursements receivable related to the construction and development of an operating property that was received in 2019. As of September 30, 2019, includes $21.2 million of receivables held in escrow.

(5) | Accumulated amortization of leasing costs was $3.4 million and $4.4 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(6) | Accumulated depreciation on corporate furniture, fixtures and equipment was $12.8 million and $11.9 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

| As of
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Other liabilities(1) | $ | 85,273 |  |  | 143,325 |
Accrued expenses | 85,408 |  |  | 95,149 |
Finance lease liabilities (see table above) | 147,064 |  |  | — |
Intangible liabilities, net(2) | 49,185 |  |  | 35,108 |
Operating lease liabilities (see table above) | 27,830 |  |  | — |
Accrued interest payable | 23,916 |  |  | 42,669 |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 418,676 |  |  | $ | 316,251 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, other liabilities includes $0.2 million and $18.5 million, respectively, related to profit sharing arrangements with developers for certain properties sold. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, other liabilities also includes $6.8 million and $9.4 million, respectively, related to tax increment financing bonds which were issued by government entities to fund development within two of the Company's land projects. The amount represents tax assessments associated with each project, which will decrease as the Company sells units.

(2) | Intangible liabilities, net includes below market lease liabilities related to the acquisition of real estate assets. Accumulated amortization on below market lease liabilities was $4.5 million and $2.8 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The amortization of below market leases increased operating lease income in the Company's consolidated statements of operations by $0.7 million and $1.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $3.1 million and $3.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Note 10—Loan Participations Payable, net
The Company's loan participations payable, net were as follows ($ in thousands):

|  | Carrying Value as of
|  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Loan participations payable(1) |  | $ | 33,189 |  |  | $ | 22,642 |
Debt discounts and deferred financing costs, net |  | (54 | ) |  | (158 | )
Total loan participations payable, net |  | $ | 33,135 |  |  | $ | 22,484 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had one loan participation payable with an interest rate of 6.5%.

Loan participations represent transfers of financial assets that did not meet the sales criteria established under ASC Topic 860 and are accounted for as loan participations payable, net as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the corresponding loan receivable balances were $33.1 million and $22.5 million, respectively, and are included in "Loans receivable and other lending investments, net" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The principal and interest due on these loan participations payable are paid from cash flows of the corresponding loans receivable, which serve as collateral for the participations.
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Note 11—Debt Obligations, net
The Company's debt obligations were as follows ($ in thousands):

| Carrying Value as of |  | Stated Interest Rates |  | Scheduled Maturity Date
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  |
Secured credit facilities and mortgages: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 $350 million Revolving Credit Facility | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | LIBOR + 2.25% |  | (1) | September 2022
2016 Senior Term Loan | 641,875 |  |  | 646,750 |  |  | LIBOR + 2.75% |  | (2) | June 2023
Mortgages collateralized by net lease assets(3) | 724,651 |  |  | 802,367 |  |  | 3.62% - 7.26% |  | (3) |
Total secured credit facilities and mortgages | 1,366,526 |  |  | 1,449,117 |  |  |  |  |  |
Unsecured notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.00% senior notes(4) | — |  |  | 375,000 |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | —
4.625% senior notes(5) | 400,000 |  |  | 400,000 |  |  | 4.625 | % |  | —
6.50% senior notes(6) | 275,000 |  |  | 275,000 |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | —
6.00% senior notes(7) | 375,000 |  |  | 375,000 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | April 2022
5.25% senior notes(8) | 400,000 |  |  | 400,000 |  |  | 5.25 | % |  | September 2022
3.125% senior convertible notes(9) | 287,500 |  |  | 287,500 |  |  | 3.125 | % |  | September 2022
4.75% senior notes(10) | 675,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.75 | % |  | October 2024
Total unsecured notes | 2,412,500 |  |  | 2,112,500 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other debt obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trust preferred securities | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | LIBOR + 1.50% |  |  | October 2035
Total debt obligations | 3,879,026 |  |  | 3,661,617 |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt discounts and deferred financing costs, net | (51,667 | ) |  | (52,531 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Total debt obligations, net(11) | $ | 3,827,359 |  |  | $ | 3,609,086 |  |  |  |  |  |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | The loan bears interest at the Company's election of either: (i) a base rate, which is the greater of (a) prime, (b) federal funds plus 0.50% or (c) LIBOR plus 1.0% and subject to a margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.50%; or (ii) LIBOR subject to a margin ranging from 2.00% to 2.50%. At maturity, the Company may convert outstanding borrowings to a one year term loan which matures in quarterly installments through September 2023.

(2) | The loan bears interest at the Company's election of either: (i) a base rate, which is the greater of (a) prime, (b) federal funds plus 0.5% or (c) LIBOR plus 1.0% and subject to a margin of 1.75%; or (ii) LIBOR subject to a margin of 2.75%.

(3) | In June 2019, the buyer of a portfolio of net lease assets assumed a $228.0 million non-recourse mortgage (refer to Note 4). As of September 30, 2019, the weighted average interest rate of these loans is 4.4%, inclusive of the effect of interest rate swaps.

(4) | The Company prepaid these senior notes in March 2019 without penalty.

(5) | The Company prepaid these senior notes in October 2019 with a $6.0 million prepayment penalty.

(6) | The Company prepaid these senior notes in October 2019 with a $4.5 million prepayment penalty.

(7) | The Company can prepay these senior notes without penalty beginning April 1, 2021.

(8) | The Company can prepay these senior notes without penalty beginning September 15, 2021.

(9) | The Company's 3.125% senior convertible fixed rate notes due September 2022 ("3.125% Convertible Notes") are convertible at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding September 15, 2022. The conversion rate as of September 30, 2019 was 67.3711 shares per $1,000 principal amount of 3.125% Convertible Notes, which equals a conversion price of $14.84 per share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment from time to time for specified events. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, a combination of cash and shares of its common stock. As such, at issuance in September 2017, the Company valued the debt component at $221.8 million, net of fees, and the equity component of the conversion feature at $22.5 million, net of fees, and recorded the equity component in "Additional paid-in capital" on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. In October 2017, the initial purchasers of the 3.125% Convertible Notes exercised their option to purchase an additional $37.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 3.125% Convertible Notes. At issuance, the Company valued the debt component at $34.0 million, net of fees, and the equity component of the conversion feature at $3.4 million, net of fees, and recorded the equity component in "Additional paid-in capital" on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2019, the carrying value of the 3.125% Convertible Notes was $267.1 million, net of fees, and the unamortized discount of the 3.125% Convertible Notes was $16.8 million, net of fees. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized $2.2 million and $6.7 million, respectively, of contractual interest and $1.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively, of discount amortization on the 3.125% Convertible Notes. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized $2.2 million and $6.7 million, respectively, of contractual interest and $1.2 million and $3.5 million, respectively, of discount amortization on the 3.125% Convertible Notes. The effective interest rate was 5.2%.

(10) | The Company can prepay these senior notes without penalty beginning July 1, 2024.

(11) | The Company capitalized interest relating to development activities of $0.5 million and $6.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $4.0 million and $8.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively..

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Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Future Scheduled Maturities—As of September 30, 2019, future scheduled maturities of outstanding debt obligations are as follows ($ in thousands):

| Unsecured Debt |  | Secured Debt |  | Total
2019 (remaining three months) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
2020(1) | 400,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 400,000 |
2021(1) | 275,000 |  |  | 159,802 |  |  | 434,802 |
2022 | 1,062,500 |  |  | 48,174 |  |  | 1,110,674 |
2023 | — |  |  | 641,875 |  |  | 641,875 |
Thereafter | 775,000 |  |  | 516,675 |  |  | 1,291,675 |
Total principal maturities | 2,512,500 |  |  | 1,366,526 |  |  | 3,879,026 |
Unamortized discounts and deferred financing costs, net | (42,487 | ) |  | (9,180 | ) |  | (51,667 | )
Total debt obligations, net | $ | 2,470,013 |  |  | $ | 1,357,346 |  |  | $ | 3,827,359 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | The $400.0 million principal amount outstanding of the 4.625% senior unsecured notes due September 2020 and the $275.0 million principal amount outstanding of the 6.50% senior unsecured notes due July 2021 were repaid in full in October 2019.

2016 Senior Term Loan—In June 2016, the Company entered into a senior term loan of $450.0 million (the "2016 Senior Term Loan"). In August 2016, the Company upsized the facility to $500.0 million. The initial $450.0 million of the 2016 Senior Term Loan was issued at 99% of par and the upsize was issued at par. In September 2017, the Company reduced, repriced and extended the 2016 Senior Term Loan to $400.0 million priced at LIBOR plus 3.00% with a 0.75% LIBOR floor and maturing in October 2021. In June 2018, the Company increased the 2016 Senior Term Loan to $650.0 million, re-priced at LIBOR plus 2.75% and extended its maturity to June 2023. The facility was also modified to permit substitution of collateral, subject to overall collateral pool coverage and concentration limits, over the life of the facility. This modification eliminates the mandatory amortization upon payoff or sale of collateral which existed prior to the upsize and broadens the types of collateral permitted under the facility. The Company may make optional prepayments, subject to prepayment fees, and is required to repay 0.25% of the principal amount each quarter.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, repayments of the 2016 Senior Term Loan resulted in losses on early extinguishment of debt of $2.5 million.
2015 Revolving Credit Facility—In March 2015, the Company entered into a secured revolving credit facility with a maximum capacity of $250.0 million (the "2015 Revolving Credit Facility"). In September 2017, the Company upsized the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility to $325.0 million, added additional lenders to the syndicate, extended the maturity date to September 2020 and made certain other changes. In September 2019, the Company upsized the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility to $350.0 million, added an additional lender to the syndicate, extended the maturity date to September 2022 and made certain other changes. This facility is secured by a pledge of the equity interest in a pool of assets which provide asset value coverage for borrowings under the facility. Borrowings under this credit facility bear interest at a floating rate indexed to one of several base rates plus a margin which adjusts upward or downward based upon the Company's corporate credit rating. An undrawn credit facility commitment fee ranges from 0.25% to 0.45%, based on corporate credit ratings. At maturity, the Company may convert outstanding borrowings to a one year term loan which matures in quarterly installments through September 2023. As of September 30, 2019, based on the Company's borrowing base of assets, the Company had $350.0 million of borrowing capacity available under the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility.
Unsecured Notes—In September 2019, the Company issued $675.0 million principal amount of 4.75% senior unsecured notes due October 2024. Proceeds from the offering, together with cash on hand, were used in October 2019 to repay in full the $400.0 million principal amount outstanding of the 4.625% senior unsecured notes due September 2020 and the $275.0 million principal amount outstanding of the 6.50% senior unsecured notes due July 2021.
In March 2019, the Company repaid in full the 5.00% senior unsecured notes due July 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, repayments of unsecured notes prior to maturity resulted in losses on early extinguishment of debt of $0.5 million.
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Collateral Assets—The carrying value of the Company's assets that are directly pledged or are held by subsidiaries whose equity is pledged as collateral to secure the Company's obligations under its secured debt facilities are as follows, by asset type ($ in thousands):

| As of
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Collateral Assets(1) |  | Non-Collateral Assets |  | Collateral Assets(1) |  | Non-Collateral Assets
Real estate, net | $ | 1,413,531 |  |  | $ | 116,585 |  |  | $ | 1,620,008 |  |  | $ | 151,011 |
Real estate available and held for sale | — |  |  | 12,688 |  |  | 1,055 |  |  | 21,496 |
Net investment in leases | 421,252 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Land and development, net | 42,402 |  |  | 567,978 |  |  | 12,300 |  |  | 585,918 |
Loans receivable and other lending investments, net(2)(3) | 308,474 |  |  | 475,374 |  |  | 498,524 |  |  | 480,154 |
Other investments | — |  |  | 733,793 |  |  | — |  |  | 304,275 |
Cash and other assets | 2,645 |  |  | 1,460,795 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,329,990 |
Total | $ | 2,188,304 |  |  | $ | 3,367,213 |  |  | $ | 2,131,887 |  |  | $ | 2,872,844 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | The 2016 Senior Term Loan and the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility are secured only by pledges of equity of certain of the Company's subsidiaries and not by pledges of the assets held by such subsidiaries. Such subsidiaries are subject to contractual restrictions under the terms of such credit facilities, including restrictions on incurring new debt (subject to certain exceptions). As of September 30, 2019, Collateral Assets includes $412.0 million carrying value of assets held by entities pledged as collateral for the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility that is undrawn as of September 30, 2019.

(2) | As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the amounts presented exclude general reserves for loan losses of $8.7 million and $13.0 million, respectively.

(3) | As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the amounts presented exclude loan participations of $33.1 million and $22.5 million, respectively.

Debt Covenants
The Company's outstanding unsecured debt securities contain corporate level covenants that include a covenant to maintain a ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured indebtedness, as such terms are defined in the indentures governing the debt securities, of at least 1.2 x and a covenant not to incur additional indebtedness (except for incurrences of permitted debt), if on a pro forma basis the Company's consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, determined in accordance with the indentures governing the Company's debt securities, is 1.5 x or lower. If any of the Company's covenants are breached and not cured within applicable cure periods, the breach could result in acceleration of its debt securities unless a waiver or modification is agreed upon with the requisite percentage of the bondholders. If the Company's ability to incur additional indebtedness under the fixed charge coverage ratio is limited, the Company is permitted to incur indebtedness for the purpose of refinancing existing indebtedness and for other permitted purposes under the indentures.
The Company's 2016 Senior Term Loan and the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility contain certain covenants, including covenants relating to collateral coverage, restrictions on fundamental changes, transactions with affiliates, matters relating to the liens granted to the lenders and the delivery of information to the lenders. In particular, the 2016 Senior Term Loan requires the Company to maintain collateral coverage of at least 1.25 x outstanding borrowings on the facility. The 2015 Revolving Credit Facility is secured by a borrowing base of assets and requires the Company to maintain both borrowing base asset value of at least 1.5 x outstanding borrowings on the facility and a consolidated ratio of cash flow to fixed charges of at least 1.5 x. The 2015 Revolving Credit Facility does not require that proceeds from the borrowing base be used to pay down outstanding borrowings provided the borrowing base asset value remains at least 1.5 x outstanding borrowings on the facility. To satisfy this covenant, the Company has the option to pay down outstanding borrowings or substitute assets in the borrowing base. The Company may not pay common dividends if it ceases to qualify as a REIT. In June 2018, the Company amended the terms of the 2016 Senior Term Loan and the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility to include the ability to pay common dividends with no restrictions so long as the Company is not in default on any of its debt obligations.
The Company's 2016 Senior Term Loan and the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility contain cross default provisions that would allow the lenders to declare an event of default and accelerate the Company's indebtedness to them if the Company fails to pay amounts due in respect of its other recourse indebtedness in excess of specified thresholds or if the lenders under such other indebtedness are otherwise permitted to accelerate such indebtedness for any reason. The indentures governing the Company's unsecured public debt securities permit the bondholders to declare an event of default and accelerate the Company's indebtedness
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
to them if the Company's other recourse indebtedness in excess of specified thresholds is not paid at final maturity or if such indebtedness is accelerated.
Note 12—Commitments and Contingencies
Unfunded Commitments—The Company generally funds construction and development loans and build-outs of space in real estate assets over a period of time if and when the borrowers and tenants meet established milestones and other performance criteria. The Company refers to these arrangements as Performance-Based Commitments. In addition, the Company has committed to invest capital in several real estate funds and other ventures. These arrangements are referred to as Strategic Investments.
As of September 30, 2019, the maximum amount of fundings the Company may be required to make under each category, assuming all performance hurdles and milestones are met under the Performance-Based Commitments and that 100% of its capital committed to Strategic Investments is drawn down, are as follows ($ in thousands):

| Loans and Other Lending Investments(1) |  | Real Estate(2) |  | Other Investments |  | Total
Performance-Based Commitments | $ | 294,059 |  |  | $ | 77,251 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 371,310 |
Strategic Investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,177 |  |  | 24,177 |
Total | $ | 294,059 |  |  | $ | 77,251 |  |  | $ | 24,177 |  |  | $ | 395,487 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | Excludes $16.8 million of commitments on loan participations sold that are not the obligation of the Company.

(2) | Includes a commitment to invest up to $55.0 million in additional bowling centers over the next several years (refer to Note 5).

Other Commitments—Future minimum lease obligations under operating and finance leases as of September 30, 2019 are as follows ($ in thousands):

| Operating(1)(2) |  | Finance(1)
2019 (remaining three months) | $ | 1,079 |  |  | $ | 1,330 |
2020 | 4,054 |  |  | 5,386 |
2021 | 1,468 |  |  | 5,494 |
2022 | 869 |  |  | 5,604 |
2023 | 728 |  |  | 5,716 |
Thereafter | 2,074 |  |  | 1,579,655 |
Total undiscounted cash flows | 10,272 |  |  | 1,603,185 |
Present value discount(1) | (1,141 | ) |  | (1,456,121 | )
Other adjustments(2) | 18,699 |  |  | — |
Lease liabilities | $ | 27,830 |  |  | $ | 147,064 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company made payments of $1.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively, related to its operating leases and $1.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively, related to its finance leases (refer to Note 4). The weighted average lease term for the Company's operating leases, excluding operating leases for which the Company's tenants pay rent on its behalf, was 4.2 years and the weighted average discount rate was 5.6%. The weighted average lease term for the Company's finance leases was 98.2 years and the weighted average discount rate was 5.5%.

(2) | The Company is obligated to pay ground rent under certain operating leases; however, the Company's tenants at the properties pay this expense directly under the terms of various subleases and these amounts are excluded from lease obligations. The amount shown above is the net present value of the payments to be made by the Company's tenants on its behalf.

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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Future minimum lease obligations under operating leases as of December 31, 2018 are as follows ($ in thousands):

| Operating(1)
2019 | $ | 4,340 |
2020 | 4,016 |
2021 | 1,589 |
2022 | 991 |
2023 | 849 |
Thereafter | 2,469 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | The Company is obligated to pay ground rent under certain operating leases; however, the Company's tenants at the properties pay this expense directly under the terms of various subleases and these amounts are excluded from lease obligations.

Legal Proceedings—The Company and/or one or more of its subsidiaries is party to various pending litigation matters that are considered ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Company's business as a finance and investment company focused on the commercial real estate industry, including foreclosure-related proceedings. The Company believes it is not a party to, nor are any of its properties the subject of, any pending legal proceeding that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Note 13—Derivatives
The Company's use of derivative financial instruments has historically been limited to the utilization of interest rate swaps, interest rate caps and foreign exchange contracts. The principal objective of such financial instruments is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with the Company's operating and financial structure and to manage its exposure to interest rates and foreign exchange rates. The Company may have derivatives that are not designated as hedges because they do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements. Although not designated as hedges, such derivatives are entered into to manage the Company's exposure to interest rate movements, foreign exchange rate movements and other identified risks.
The table below presents the fair value of the Company's derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 ($ in thousands)(1):

|  | Derivative Assets |  | Derivative Liabilities
As of September 30, 2019 |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value
Derivatives Designated in Hedging Relationships |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | Deferred expenses and other assets, net |  | $ | 94 |  |  | Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | $ | 11,572 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,572 |

|  | Derivative Assets |  | Derivative Liabilities
As of December 31, 2018 |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value
Derivatives Designated in Hedging Relationships |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | Deferred expenses and other assets, net |  | $ | 3,669 |  |  | Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | $ | 10,244 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 3,669 |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,244 |

_________________________________________________________

(1) | Over the next 12 months, the Company expects that $4.8 million related to cash flow hedges will be reclassified from "Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)" as a reduction to interest expense. As of December 31, 2018, the Company posted cash collateral of $6.4 million in connection with its derivatives which were in a liability position and would not have been required to post any additional collateral to settle these contracts had the Company been declared in default on its derivative obligations.

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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
The tables below present the effect of the Company's derivative financial instruments, including the Company's share of derivative financial instruments at certain of its equity method investments, in the consolidated statements of operations and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) ($ in thousands):

Derivatives Designated in Hedging Relationships |  | Location of Gain (Loss) When Recognized in Income |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Earnings
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | Earnings from equity method investments |  | $ | (6,082 | ) |  | $ | (126 | )
Interest rate swaps |  | Interest expense |  | (3,009 | ) |  | (539 | )
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | Interest Expense |  | 2,702 |  |  | (144 | )
Interest rate swaps |  | Earnings from equity method investments |  | 1,197 |  |  | 44 |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | Earnings from equity method investments |  | (21,309 | ) |  | 28 |
Interest rate swaps |  | Interest expense |  | (23,781 | ) |  | (957 | )
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | Interest Expense |  | 1,552 |  |  | (144 | )
Interest rate swaps |  | Earnings from equity method investments |  | 4,705 |  |  | (47 | )

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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Note 14—Equity
Preferred Stock—The Company had the following series of Cumulative Redeemable and Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

|  |  |  |  |  | Cumulative Preferential Cash Dividends(1)(2) |  |
Series |  | Shares Issued and Outstanding (in thousands) |  | Par Value |  | Liquidation Preference(3)(4) |  | Rate per Annum |  | Annual Dividend Per Share |  | Carrying Value (in thousands)
D |  | 4,000 |  |  | $ | 0.001 |  |  | $ | 25.00 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 2.00 |  |  | $ | 89,041 |
G |  | 3,200 |  |  | 0.001 |  |  | 25.00 |  |  | 7.65 | % |  | 1.91 |  |  | 72,664 |
I |  | 5,000 |  |  | 0.001 |  |  | 25.00 |  |  | 7.50 | % |  | 1.88 |  |  | 120,785 |
J (convertible)(4) |  | 4,000 |  |  | 0.001 |  |  | 50.00 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | 2.25 |  |  | 193,510 |
|  | 16,200 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 476,000 |

________________________________________

(1) | Holders of shares of the Series D, G, I and J preferred stock are entitled to receive dividends, when and as declared by the Company's Board of Directors, out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends. Dividends are cumulative from the date of original issue and are payable quarterly in arrears on or before the 15th day of each March, June, September and December or, if not a business day, the next succeeding business day. Any dividend payable on the preferred stock for any partial dividend period will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. Dividends will be payable to holders of record as of the close of business on the first day of the calendar month in which the applicable dividend payment date falls or on another date designated by the Company's Board of Directors for the payment of dividends that is not more than 30 nor less than 10 days prior to the dividend payment date.

(2) | The Company declared and paid dividends of $6.0 million, $4.6 million and $7.0 million on its Series D, G and I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company declared and paid dividends of $6.8 million on its Series J Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The character of the 2018 dividends was 100% capital gain distribution, of which 26.02% represented unrecaptured section 1250 gain and 73.98% represented long term capital gain. There are no dividend arrearages on any of the preferred shares currently outstanding.

(3) | The Company may, at its option, redeem the Series G and I Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, for cash at a redemption price equal to 100% of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, to the redemption date.

(4) | Each share of the Series J Preferred Stock is convertible at the holder's option at any time into shares of the Company's common stock. The Company may, at its option, redeem the Series J Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, for cash at a redemption price equal to 100% of the liquidation preference of $50.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, to the redemption date. The conversion rate as of September 30, 2019 was 4.0918 shares of the Company's common stock (equal to a conversion price of approximately $12.22 per share). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment from time to time for specified events.

Dividends—To maintain its qualification as a REIT, the Company must annually distribute, at a minimum, an amount equal to 90% of its taxable income, excluding net capital gains, and must distribute 100% of its taxable income (including net capital gains) to eliminate corporate federal income taxes payable by the REIT. The Company has recorded NOLs and may record NOLs in the future, which may reduce its taxable income in future periods and lower or eliminate entirely the Company's obligation to pay dividends for such periods in order to maintain its REIT qualification. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had $567.7 million of NOL carryforwards at the corporate REIT level that can generally be used to offset both ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income in future years. The NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in 2031 and will fully expire in 2036 if unused. Because taxable income differs from cash flow from operations due to non-cash revenues and expenses (such as depreciation and certain asset impairments), in certain circumstances, the Company may generate operating cash flow in excess of its dividends, or alternatively, may need to make dividend payments in excess of operating cash flows. The 2016 Senior Term Loan and the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility permit the Company to pay common dividends with no restrictions so long as the Company is not in default on any of its debt obligations. The Company declared common stock dividends of $19.0 million, or $0.29 per share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The Company declared common stock dividends of $6.2 million, or $0.09 per share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Stock Repurchase Program—The Company may repurchase shares in negotiated transactions or open market transactions, including through one or more trading plans. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 6.2 million shares of its outstanding common stock for $58.8 million, for an average cost of $9.44 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company repurchased 0.8 million shares of its outstanding common stock for $8.3 million, for an average cost of $10.22 per share. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had remaining authorization to repurchase up to $22.1 million of common stock under its stock repurchase program.
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)—"Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)" reflected in the Company's shareholders' equity is comprised of the following ($ in thousands):

| As of
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities | $ | 2,962 |  |  | $ | 475 |
Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges | (39,285 | ) |  | (13,546 | )
Unrealized losses on cumulative translation adjustment | (4,199 | ) |  | (4,199 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (40,522 | ) |  | $ | (17,270 | )

Note 15—Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Employee Benefits
Stock-Based Compensation—The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense, including the expense related to performance incentive plans (see below), of $6.7 million and $20.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $3.7 million and $16.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, in "General and administrative" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
Performance Incentive Plans—The Company's Performance Incentive Plans ("iPIP") are designed to provide, primarily to senior executives and select professionals engaged in the Company's investment activities, long-term compensation which has a direct relationship to the realized returns on investments included in the plans. Awards vest over six years, with 40% being vested at the end of the second year and 15% each year thereafter.
2019-2020 iPIP Plan—The Company's 2019-2020 iPIP plan is an equity-classified award which is measured at the grant date fair value and recognized as compensation cost in "General and administrative" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and "Noncontrolling interests" in the Company's consolidated statements of changes in equity over the requisite service period. Investments in the 2019-2020 iPIP plan will be held by a consolidated subsidiary of the Company that has two ownership classes, class A units and class B units. The Company owns 100% of the class A units and the class B units were issued to employees as long-term compensation. Except for certain clawback provisions, participants can retain vested class B units upon their termination of employment with the Company. The class B units are entitled to distributions from the net cash realized from the investments in the plan after the Company, through its ownership of the class A units, has received a specified return on its invested capital and a return of its invested capital. Distributions on the class B units are also subject to reductions under a total shareholder return ("TSR") adjustment. The fair value of the class B units was determined using a model that forecasts the underlying cash flows from the investments within the entity to which the class B units have ownership rights. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $2.0 million of expense related to the 2019-2020 iPIP plan. Distributions on the class B units will be 50% in cash and 50% in shares of the Company's common stock.
2013-2018 iPIP Plans—The remainder of the Company's iPIP plans, as shown in the table below, are liability-classified awards and are remeasured each reporting period at fair value until the awards are settled. Certain employees will be granted awards that entitle employees to receive the residual cash flows from the investments in the plans after the Company has received a specified return on its invested capital and a return of its invested capital. Awards are also subject to reductions under a TSR adjustment. The fair value of awards is determined using a model that forecasts the Company's projected investment performance. Settlement of the awards will be 50% in cash and 50% in shares of the Company's common stock.
The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s liability-classified iPIP plans and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

| iPIP Investment Pool
| 2013-2014 |  | 2015-2016 |  | 2017-2018
Points at beginning of period | 85.77 |  |  | 79.41 |  |  | 82.43 |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | (1.60 | ) |  | (2.73 | ) |  | (3.72 | )
Points at end of period | 84.17 |  |  | 76.68 |  |  | 78.71 |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company made distributions to participants in the 2013-2014 investment pool. The iPIP participants received total distributions in the amount of $7.4 million as compensation, comprised of
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
$3.8 million in cash and 389,545 shares of the Company's common stock, with a fair value of $3.6 million or $9.21 per share, which are fully-vested and issued under the 2009 LTIP (see below). After deducting statutory minimum tax withholdings, a total of 209,118 shares of the Company's common stock were issued. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had accrued compensation costs relating to iPIP of $44.2 million and $37.5 million, respectively, which are included in "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
Long-Term Incentive Plan—The Company's 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2009 LTIP") is designed to provide incentive compensation for officers, key employees, directors and advisors of the Company. The 2009 LTIP provides for awards of stock options, shares of restricted stock, phantom shares, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights and other share-based performance awards. All awards under the 2009 LTIP are made at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors. The Company's shareholders approved the 2009 LTIP in 2009 and approved the performance-based provisions of the 2009 LTIP, as amended, in 2014. In May 2019, the Company's shareholders approved an increase in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2009 LTIP from 8.0 million to 8.9 million and extended the expiration date of the 2009 LTIP from May 2019 to May 2029.
As of September 30, 2019, an aggregate of 3.0 million shares remain available for issuance pursuant to future awards under the Company's 2009 LTIP.
Restricted Stock Unit Activity—A summary of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards to certain employees in the form of long-term incentive awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, is as follows (in thousands):

Nonvested at beginning of period | 357 |
Granted | 481 |
Vested | (52 | )
Forfeited | (89 | )
Nonvested at end of period | 697 |

As of September 30, 2019, there was $3.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to all unvested restricted stock units that are expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining vesting/service period of 1.4 years.
Directors' Awards—During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company granted 80,270 restricted shares of common stock to non-employee Directors at a fair value of $8.74 at the time of grant for their annual equity awards and also issued 4,856 common stock equivalents ("CSEs") at a fair value of $10.82 per CSE in respect of dividend equivalents on outstanding CSEs. As of September 30, 2019, a combined total of 257,296 CSEs and restricted shares of common stock granted to members of the Company's Board of Directors remained outstanding under the Company's Non-Employee Directors Deferral Plan, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $3.4 million.
401(k) Plan—The Company made contributions of $0.1 million and $0.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
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iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Note 16—Earnings Per Share
The following table presents a reconciliation of income from operations used in the basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") calculations ($ in thousands, except for per share data):

| For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (loss) | $ | 3,626 |  |  | $ | (8,832 | ) |  | $ | 370,347 |  |  | $ | 86,702 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (2,845 | ) |  | (2,028 | ) |  | (8,168 | ) |  | (11,632 | )
Preferred dividends | (8,124 | ) |  | (8,124 | ) |  | (24,372 | ) |  | (24,372 | )
Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders for basic earnings per common share | $ | (7,343 | ) |  | $ | (18,984 | ) |  | $ | 337,807 |  |  | $ | 50,698 |
Add: Effect of Series J convertible perpetual preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,750 |  |  | 6,750 |
Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders for diluted earnings per common share | $ | (7,343 | ) |  | $ | (18,984 | ) |  | $ | 344,557 |  |  | $ | 57,448 |

| For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Earnings allocable to common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerator for basic earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders | $ | (7,343 | ) |  | $ | (18,984 | ) |  | $ | 337,807 |  |  | $ | 50,698 |
Numerator for diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders | $ | (7,343 | ) |  | $ | (18,984 | ) |  | $ | 344,557 |  |  | $ | 57,448 |
Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share | 62,168 |  |  | 67,975 |  |  | 64,624 |  |  | 67,940 |
Add: Effect of assumed shares issued under treasury stock method for restricted stock units | — |  |  | — |  |  | 114 |  |  | 131 |
Add: Effect of series J convertible perpetual preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,138 |  |  | 15,658 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share | 62,168 |  |  | 67,975 |  |  | 80,876 |  |  | 83,729 |
Basic earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 5.23 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Diluted earnings per common share:(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 4.26 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, 16,306 and 15,703, respectively of Series J convertible perpetual preferred stock was anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the three months ended September 30, 2018, the effect of certain of the Company's restricted stock awards were anti-dilutive. The Company will settle conversions of the 3.125% Convertible Notes (refer to Note 11) by paying the conversion value in cash up to the original principal amount of the notes being converted and shares of common stock to the extent of any conversion premium. The amount of cash and shares of common stock, if any, due upon conversion will be based on a daily conversion value calculated for each trading day in a 40 consecutive day observation period. Based upon the conversion price of the 3.125% Convertible Notes, no shares of common stock would have been issuable upon conversion of the 3.125% Convertible Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and therefore the 3.125% Convertible Notes had no effect on diluted EPS for such periods.

34

Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
Note 17—Fair Values
Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to be used in valuation techniques to measure fair value:
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and
Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).
Certain of the Company's assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value either on a recurring or non-recurring basis. Assets required to be marked-to-market and reported at fair value every reporting period are classified as being valued on a recurring basis. Assets not required to be recorded at fair value every period may be recorded at fair value if a specific provision or other impairment is recorded within the period to mark the carrying value of the asset to market as of the reporting date. Such assets are classified as being valued on a non-recurring basis.
35

Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following fair value hierarchy table summarizes the Company's assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis by the above categories ($ in thousands):

|  |  | Fair Value Using
| Total |  | Quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
As of September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets(1) | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative liabilities(1) | 11,572 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,572 |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale securities(1) | 24,102 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,102 |
As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets(1) | $ | 3,669 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,669 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative liabilities(1) | 10,244 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,244 |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale securities(1) | 21,661 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,661 |
Non-recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired real estate(2) | 29,400 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,400 |
Impaired real estate available and held for sale(3) | 19,300 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,300 |
Impaired land and development(4) | 78,400 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78,400 |

____________________________________________________________

(1) | The fair value of the Company's derivatives are based upon widely accepted valuation techniques utilized by a third-party specialist using observable inputs such as interest rates and contractual cash flow and are classified as Level 2. The fair value of the Company's available-for-sale securities are based upon unadjusted third-party broker quotes and are classified as Level 3.

(2) | The Company recorded aggregate impairments of $76.3 million on three real estate assets with an estimated aggregate fair value of $29.4 million. The impairments were as follows:

a. | A $23.2 million impairment on a commercial operating property based on a decline in expected operating performance. The fair value is based on the Company's estimate of the recoverability of its investment in the project.

b. | A $6.0 million impairment on a property based on a strategic decision to sell the asset. The fair value is based on purchase offers received from third parties, which is consistent with the Company's estimate of fair value.

c. | A $47.1 million impairment on a commercial operating property based on a strategic decision to sell the asset. The fair value is based on purchase offers received from third parties, which is consistent with the Company's estimate of fair value.

(3) | The Company recorded aggregate impairments of $3.7 million on two real estate assets held for sale. The fair values are based on market comparable sales.

(4) | The Company recorded aggregate impairments of $55.4 million on four land and development assets with an estimated aggregate fair value of $78.4 million. The impairments were as follows:

a. | A $25.0 million impairment on a waterfront land and development asset based on a strategic decision to sell the asset. The fair value is based on purchase offers received from third parties, which is consistent with the Company's estimate of fair value.

b. | A $21.6 million impairment on a master planned community based on a strategic decision to sell the asset. The fair value is based on purchase offers received from third parties, which is consistent with the Company's estimate of fair value.

c. | A $6.9 million impairment on an infill land and development asset based on the deterioration of the asset. The fair value is based on purchase offers received from third parties, which is consistent with the Company's estimate of fair value.

d. | A $1.9 million impairment on a waterfront land and development asset based on the sale of the asset in 2019.

36

Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table summarizes changes in Level 3 available-for-sale securities reported at fair value on the Company's consolidated balance sheets for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 ($ in thousands):

|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Beginning balance |  | $ | 21,661 |  |  | $ | 22,842 |
Repayments |  | (45 | ) |  | (46 | )
Unrealized gains (losses) recorded in other comprehensive income |  | 2,486 |  |  | (1,514 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 24,102 |  |  | $ | 21,282 |

Fair values of financial instruments—The Company's estimated fair values of its loans receivable and other lending investments and outstanding debt was $0.8 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, as of September 30, 2019 and $1.0 billion and $3.5 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. The Company determined that the significant inputs used to value its loans receivable and other lending investments and debt obligations fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of other financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accrued interest receivable, net investment in leases and accounts payable, approximate the fair values of the instruments. Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash values are considered Level 1 on the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of other financial instruments, including derivative assets and liabilities, is included in the fair value hierarchy table above.
Note 18—Segment Reporting
The Company has determined that it has four reportable segments based on how management reviews and manages its business. These reportable segments include: Real Estate Finance, Net Lease, Operating Properties and Land and Development. The Real Estate Finance segment includes all of the Company's activities related to senior and mezzanine real estate loans and real estate related securities. The Net Lease segment includes the Company's activities and operations related to the ownership of properties generally leased to single corporate tenants and its investment in SAFE (refer to Note 8). The Operating Properties segment includes the Company's activities and operations related to its commercial and residential properties. The Land and Development segment includes the Company's activities related to its developable land portfolio.
37

Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
The Company evaluates performance based on the following financial measures for each segment. The Company's segment information is as follows ($ in thousands):

| Real Estate Finance |  | Net Lease |  | Operating Properties |  | Land and Development |  | Corporate/Other(1) |  | Company Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease income | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,006 |  |  | $ | 6,034 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,110 |
Interest income | 18,912 |  |  | 789 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,701 |
Interest income from sales-type leases | — |  |  | 8,339 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,339 |
Other income | 115 |  |  | 6,347 |  |  | 7,611 |  |  | 2,124 |  |  | 2,073 |  |  | 18,270 |
Land development revenue | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54,918 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,918 |
Earnings (losses) from equity method investments | — |  |  | 2,848 |  |  | 4,875 |  |  | (301 | ) |  | 195 |  |  | 7,617 |
Income from sales of real estate | — |  |  | 3,458 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,476 |
Total revenue and other earnings | 19,027 |  |  | 59,787 |  |  | 18,538 |  |  | 56,811 |  |  | 2,268 |  |  | 156,431 |
Real estate expense | — |  |  | (6,460 | ) |  | (9,314 | ) |  | (7,413 | ) |  | — |  |  | (23,187 | )
Land development cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48,101 | ) |  | — |  |  | (48,101 | )
Other expense | (49 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (358 | ) |  | (407 | )
Allocated interest expense | (6,902 | ) |  | (25,176 | ) |  | (2,393 | ) |  | (5,268 | ) |  | (6,783 | ) |  | (46,522 | )
Allocated general and administrative(2) | (2,035 | ) |  | (6,887 | ) |  | (727 | ) |  | (3,019 | ) |  | (4,702 | ) |  | (17,370 | )
Segment profit (loss)(3) | $ | 10,041 |  |  | $ | 21,264 |  |  | $ | 6,104 |  |  | $ | (6,990 | ) |  | $ | (9,575 | ) |  | $ | 20,844 |
Other significant items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recovery of loan losses | $ | (3,805 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (3,805 | )
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | 12,409 |  |  | 1,244 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 303 |  |  | 14,199 |
Capitalized expenditures | — |  |  | 7,846 |  |  | 2,816 |  |  | 20,536 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,198 |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease income | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45,204 |  |  | $ | 13,803 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 59,109 |
Interest income | 22,915 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,915 |
Other income | 753 |  |  | 1,008 |  |  | 21,253 |  |  | 857 |  |  | 3,937 |  |  | 27,808 |
Land development revenue | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,309 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,309 |
Earnings (losses) from equity method investments | — |  |  | 775 |  |  | (2,223 | ) |  | 161 |  |  | 652 |  |  | (635 | )
Income from sales of real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,409 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,409 |
Total revenue and other earnings | 23,668 |  |  | 46,987 |  |  | 38,242 |  |  | 13,429 |  |  | 4,589 |  |  | 126,915 |
Real estate expense | — |  |  | (4,774 | ) |  | (18,649 | ) |  | (8,864 | ) |  | — |  |  | (32,287 | )
Land development cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,114 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12,114 | )
Other expense | (179 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (119 | ) |  | (298 | )
Allocated interest expense | (9,558 | ) |  | (16,454 | ) |  | (4,547 | ) |  | (5,014 | ) |  | (11,646 | ) |  | (47,219 | )
Allocated general and administrative(2) | (2,693 | ) |  | (5,740 | ) |  | (1,429 | ) |  | (3,576 | ) |  | (4,524 | ) |  | (17,962 | )
Segment profit (loss)(3) | $ | 11,238 |  |  | $ | 20,019 |  |  | $ | 13,617 |  |  | $ | (16,139 | ) |  | $ | (11,700 | ) |  | $ | 17,035 |
Other significant items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for loan losses | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 200 |
Impairment of assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 989 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 989 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | 12,554 |  |  | 6,857 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 305 |  |  | 19,979 |
Capitalized expenditures | — |  |  | 28,315 |  |  | 5,860 |  |  | 33,608 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,783 |

38

Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)

| Real Estate Finance |  | Net Lease |  | Operating Properties |  | Land and Development |  | Corporate/Other(1) |  | Company Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease income | $ | — |  |  | $ | 136,150 |  |  | $ | 21,844 |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 158,210 |
Interest income | 59,220 |  |  | 1,197 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60,417 |
Interest income from sales-type leases | — |  |  | 12,157 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,157 |
Other income | 2,836 |  |  | 12,705 |  |  | 13,960 |  |  | 6,877 |  |  | 6,755 |  |  | 43,133 |
Land development revenue | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76,691 |  |  | — |  |  | 76,691 |
Earnings (losses) from equity method investments | — |  |  | 13,660 |  |  | (166 | ) |  | 2,910 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 16,566 |
Selling profit from sales-type leases | — |  |  | 180,416 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 180,416 |
Income from sales of real estate | — |  |  | 223,200 |  |  | 10,206 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 233,406 |
Total revenue and other earnings | 62,056 |  |  | 579,485 |  |  | 45,844 |  |  | 86,694 |  |  | 6,917 |  |  | 780,996 |
Real estate expense | — |  |  | (18,335 | ) |  | (28,646 | ) |  | (24,184 | ) |  | — |  |  | (71,165 | )
Land development cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (71,785 | ) |  | — |  |  | (71,785 | )
Other expense | (359 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,439 | ) |  | (12,798 | )
Allocated interest expense | (23,251 | ) |  | (70,548 | ) |  | (7,859 | ) |  | (15,888 | ) |  | (19,305 | ) |  | (136,851 | )
Allocated general and administrative(2) | (6,523 | ) |  | (19,299 | ) |  | (2,214 | ) |  | (9,199 | ) |  | (14,583 | ) |  | (51,818 | )
Segment profit (loss)(3) | $ | 31,923 |  |  | $ | 471,303 |  |  | $ | 7,125 |  |  | $ | (34,362 | ) |  | $ | (39,410 | ) |  | $ | 436,579 |
Other significant non-cash items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recovery of loan losses | $ | (3,792 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (3,792 | )
Impairment of assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,853 |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,953 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | 38,242 |  |  | 3,701 |  |  | 733 |  |  | 910 |  |  | 43,586 |
Capitalized expenditures | — |  |  | 12,707 |  |  | 4,878 |  |  | 86,029 |  |  | — |  |  | 103,614 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease income | $ | — |  |  | $ | 104,241 |  |  | $ | 44,818 |  |  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 149,516 |
Interest income | 74,824 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 74,824 |
Other income | 4,271 |  |  | 2,755 |  |  | 46,748 |  |  | 2,640 |  |  | 7,537 |  |  | 63,951 |
Land development revenue | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 369,665 |  |  | — |  |  | 369,665 |
Earnings (losses) from equity method investments | — |  |  | 7,028 |  |  | (4,814 | ) |  | 2,726 |  |  | (9,521 | ) |  | (4,581 | )
Gain from consolidation of equity method investment | — |  |  | 67,877 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67,877 |
Income from sales of real estate | — |  |  | 24,907 |  |  | 54,446 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 79,353 |
Total revenue and other earnings | 79,095 |  |  | 206,808 |  |  | 141,198 |  |  | 375,488 |  |  | (1,984 | ) |  | 800,605 |
Real estate expense | — |  |  | (12,186 | ) |  | (64,091 | ) |  | (29,234 | ) |  | — |  |  | (105,511 | )
Land development cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (318,881 | ) |  | — |  |  | (318,881 | )
Other expense | (869 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,311 | ) |  | (5,180 | )
Allocated interest expense | (31,971 | ) |  | (44,246 | ) |  | (14,653 | ) |  | (16,795 | ) |  | (27,907 | ) |  | (135,572 | )
Allocated general and administrative(2) | (10,514 | ) |  | (15,179 | ) |  | (5,447 | ) |  | (11,128 | ) |  | (15,142 | ) |  | (57,410 | )
Segment profit (loss)(3) | $ | 35,741 |  |  | $ | 135,197 |  |  | $ | 57,007 |  |  | $ | (550 | ) |  | $ | (49,344 | ) |  | $ | 178,051 |
Other significant non-cash items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for loan losses | $ | 18,237 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,237 |
Impairment of assets | — |  |  | 4,342 |  |  | 5,535 |  |  | 1,300 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,177 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | 25,205 |  |  | 14,522 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | 1,035 |  |  | 41,857 |
Capitalized expenditures | — |  |  | 29,512 |  |  | 18,186 |  |  | 107,658 |  |  | — |  |  | 155,356 |

39

Table of Contents
iStar Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)

| Real Estate Finance |  | Net Lease |  | Operating Properties |  | Land and Development |  | Corporate/Other(1) |  | Company Total
As of September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate, net | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,329,896 |  |  | $ | 200,220 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,530,116 |
Real estate available and held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,688 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,688 |
Total real estate | — |  |  | 1,329,896 |  |  | 212,908 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,542,804 |
Net investment in leases | — |  |  | 421,252 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 421,252 |
Land and development, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 610,380 |  |  | — |  |  | 610,380 |
Loans receivable and other lending investments, net | 764,055 |  |  | 44,234 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 808,289 |
Other investments | — |  |  | 586,358 |  |  | 60,347 |  |  | 42,675 |  |  | 44,413 |  |  | 733,793 |
Total portfolio assets | $ | 764,055 |  |  | $ | 2,381,740 |  |  | $ | 273,255 |  |  | $ | 653,055 |  |  | $ | 44,413 |  |  | 4,116,518 |
Cash and other assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,463,440 |
Total assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,579,958 |
As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate, net | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,536,494 |  |  | $ | 234,525 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,771,019 |
Real estate available and held for sale | — |  |  | 1,055 |  |  | 21,496 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,551 |
Total real estate | — |  |  | 1,537,549 |  |  | 256,021 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,793,570 |
Land and development, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 598,218 |  |  | — |  |  | 598,218 |
Loans receivable and other lending investments, net | 988,224 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 988,224 |
Other investments | — |  |  | 165,804 |  |  | 65,643 |  |  | 65,312 |  |  | 7,516 |  |  | 304,275 |
Total portfolio assets | $ | 988,224 |  |  | $ | 1,703,353 |  |  | $ | 321,664 |  |  | $ | 663,530 |  |  | $ | 7,516 |  |  | 3,684,287 |
Cash and other assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,329,990 |
Total assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,014,277 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | Corporate/Other represents all corporate level and unallocated items including any intercompany eliminations necessary to reconcile to consolidated Company totals. This caption also includes the Company's joint venture investments and strategic investments that are not included in the other reportable segments above.

(2) | General and administrative excludes stock-based compensation expense of $6.7 million and $20.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $3.7 million and $16.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

(3) | The following is a reconciliation of segment profit to net income (loss) ($ in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Segment profit | $ | 20,844 |  |  | $ | 17,035 |  |  | $ | 436,579 |  |  | $ | 178,051 |
Add/Less: Recovery of (provision for) loan losses | 3,805 |  |  | (200 | ) |  | 3,792 |  |  | (18,237 | )
Less: Impairment of assets | — |  |  | (989 | ) |  | (4,953 | ) |  | (11,177 | )
Less: Stock-based compensation expense | (6,740 | ) |  | (3,651 | ) |  | (20,694 | ) |  | (16,245 | )
Less: Depreciation and amortization | (14,199 | ) |  | (19,979 | ) |  | (43,586 | ) |  | (41,857 | )
Less: Income tax expense | (84 | ) |  | (137 | ) |  | (323 | ) |  | (386 | )
Less: Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net | — |  |  | (911 | ) |  | (468 | ) |  | (3,447 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | 3,626 |  |  | $ | (8,832 | ) |  | $ | 370,347 |  |  | $ | 86,702 |

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Certain statements in this report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Forward-looking statements are included with respect to, among other things, iStar Inc.'s (the "Company's") current business plan, business strategy, portfolio management, prospects and liquidity. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words "believe," "project," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "intend," "strategy," "plan," "may," "should," "will," "would," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In assessing all forward-looking statements, readers are urged to read carefully all cautionary statements contained in this Form 10-Q and the uncertainties and risks described in Item 1A—"Risk Factors" in our Annual Report, all of which could affect our future results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. For purposes of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the terms "we," "our" and "us" refer to iStar Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.
The discussion below should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report. These historical financial statements may not be indicative of our future performance. We have reclassified certain items in our consolidated financial statements of prior periods to conform to our current financial statements presentation.
Introduction
iStar Inc. ("iStar") finances, invests in and develops real estate and real estate related projects as part of its fully-integrated investment platform. We also manage entities focused on ground lease ("Ground Lease") and net lease investments. We have invested over $40 billion of capital over the past two decades and are structured as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") with a diversified portfolio focused on larger assets located in major metropolitan markets. Our primary business segments are real estate finance, net lease, operating properties and land and development.
Executive Overview
Capital remains cheap and plentiful in most traditional lending sectors of the commercial real estate markets, and we expect that to continue for the remainder of 2019. In addition, interest rates and the equity markets have experienced some volatility. We have taken a cautious approach in these conditions, focusing on providing capital to customers with whom we have a pre-existing relationship, originating fewer traditional loans and aggressively seeking to monetize legacy assets.
In September 2019, we issued $675.0 million principal amount of 4.75% senior unsecured notes due October 2024. Proceeds from the offering, together with cash on hand, were used in October 2019 to repay in full the $400.0 million principal amount outstanding of the 4.625% senior unsecured notes due September 2020 and the $275.0 million principal amount outstanding of the 6.50% senior unsecured notes due July 2021. We have no debt maturities through April 2022. As of September 30, 2019, we had $917.3 million of cash and $350.0 million of credit facility availability. We expect to use our unrestricted cash balance primarily to fund future investment activities, pay debt service, make distributions to shareholders and for general working capital needs.
Consistent with our historical approach of offering differentiated capital where we believe we can capture better risk-adjusted returns, we have invested, and intend to continue to invest, more of our capital and resources in the Ground Lease business. In January 2019, we expanded our relationship with SAFE through an additional $250.0 million equity investment and an amendment of our management agreement with SAFE that gives us greater protection against a termination of the agreement, and incentivizes us to grow SAFE's portfolio. In August 2019, we further expanded our relationship with SAFE through a private placement in which we acquired 6.0 million shares of SAFE's common stock for $168.0 million. We have also pursued and will continue to pursue joint transactions with SAFE, such as offering customers a SAFE Ground Lease and an iStar leasehold loan.
In July 2018, we entered into "Net Lease Venture II" with total capital commitments of $526 million and an investment strategy similar to the Net Lease Venture. We have an equity interest in the new venture of approximately 51.9% and are responsible for managing the venture in exchange for management and incentive fees.
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For the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a net loss allocable to common shareholders of $7.3 million, compared to a net loss of $19.0 million during the same period in the prior year. Adjusted income allocable to common shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $3.4 million, compared to $3.7 million during the same period in the prior year (see "Adjusted Income" for a reconciliation of adjusted income to net income (loss)).
We continue to work on monetizing, repositioning or redeveloping our legacy portfolio, which includes transitional operating properties and land and development assets, such as the Asbury Park assemblage and the Magnolia Green community (refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K), in order to maximize their value.
Portfolio Overview
As of September 30, 2019, based on our gross book value, including the carrying value of our equity method investments exclusive of accumulated depreciation, our total investment portfolio has the following characteristics:
As of September 30, 2019, based on our gross book value, including the carrying value of our equity method investments gross of accumulated depreciation, our total investment portfolio has the following property/collateral type and geographic characteristics ($ in thousands):

Property/Collateral Types |  | Real Estate Finance |  | Net Lease |  | Operating Properties |  | Land & Development |  | Total |  | % of Total
Office / Industrial |  | $ | 83,835 |  |  | $ | 1,150,760 |  |  | $ | 98,874 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,333,469 |  |  | 29.4 | %
Entertainment / Leisure |  | — |  |  | 934,351 |  |  | 15,869 |  |  | — |  |  | 950,220 |  |  | 20.9 | %
Land and Development |  | 84,597 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 662,419 |  |  | 747,016 |  |  | 16.4 | %
Ground Leases |  | — |  |  | 611,209 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 611,209 |  |  | 13.4 | %
Hotel |  | 160,630 |  |  | — |  |  | 76,433 |  |  | — |  |  | 237,063 |  |  | 5.2 | %
Mixed Use / Mixed Collateral |  | 194,581 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,210 |  |  | — |  |  | 233,791 |  |  | 5.1 | %
Multifamily |  | 127,700 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,154 |  |  | — |  |  | 159,854 |  |  | 3.5 | %
Other Property Types |  | 36,053 |  |  | 57,348 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93,401 |  |  | 2.1 | %
Condominium |  | 63,759 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,742 |  |  | — |  |  | 75,501 |  |  | 1.7 | %
Retail |  | 21,600 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,654 |  |  | — |  |  | 61,254 |  |  | 1.3 | %
Strategic Investments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,413 |  |  | 1.0 | %
Total |  | $ | 772,755 |  |  | $ | 2,753,668 |  |  | $ | 313,936 |  |  | $ | 662,419 |  |  | $ | 4,547,191 |  |  | 100.0 | %

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Geographic Region |  | Real Estate Finance |  | Net Lease |  | Operating Properties |  | Land & Development |  | Total |  | % of Total
Northeast |  | $ | 286,918 |  |  | $ | 767,249 |  |  | $ | 92,656 |  |  | $ | 317,707 |  |  | $ | 1,464,530 |  |  | 32.3 | %
West |  | 224,598 |  |  | 509,625 |  |  | 56,170 |  |  | 75,801 |  |  | 866,194 |  |  | 19.0 | %
Mid-Atlantic |  | 12,287 |  |  | 486,862 |  |  | — |  |  | 131,656 |  |  | 630,805 |  |  | 13.9 | %
Southwest |  | 30,100 |  |  | 422,278 |  |  | 105,802 |  |  | 51,493 |  |  | 609,673 |  |  | 13.4 | %
Southeast |  | 62,536 |  |  | 320,101 |  |  | 15,422 |  |  | 54,262 |  |  | 452,321 |  |  | 9.9 | %
Central |  | 60,771 |  |  | 238,385 |  |  | 43,886 |  |  | 31,500 |  |  | 374,542 |  |  | 8.2 | %
Various |  | 95,545 |  |  | 9,168 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104,713 |  |  | 2.3 | %
Strategic Investments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,413 |  |  | 1.0 | %
Total |  | $ | 772,755 |  |  | $ | 2,753,668 |  |  | $ | 313,936 |  |  | $ | 662,419 |  |  | $ | 4,547,191 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Real Estate Finance
Our real estate finance business targets sophisticated and innovative owner/operators of real estate and real estate related projects by providing one-stop capabilities that encompass financing alternatives ranging from full envelope senior loans to mezzanine and preferred equity capital positions. As of September 30, 2019, our real estate finance portfolio, including securities and other lending investments, totaled $817.0 million, exclusive of general loan loss reserves. The portfolio, excluding securities and other lending investments, included $648.4 million of performing loans with a weighted average maturity of 1.7 years.
The tables below summarize our loans and the reserves for loan losses associated with our loans ($ in thousands):

| September 30, 2019
| Number of Loans |  | Gross Carrying Value |  | Reserve for Loan Losses |  | Carrying Value |  | % of Total |  | Reserve for Loan Losses as a % of Gross Carrying Value
Performing loans | 25 |  |  | $ | 648,362 |  |  | $ | (8,700 | ) |  | $ | 639,662 |  |  | 97.5% |  | 1.3%
Non-performing loans | 1 |  |  | 38,400 |  |  | (21,701 | ) |  | 16,699 |  |  | 2.5% |  | 56.5%
Total | 26 |  |  | $ | 686,762 |  |  | $ | (30,401 | ) |  | $ | 656,361 |  |  | 100.0% |  | 4.4%
| December 31, 2018
| Number of Loans |  | Gross Carrying Value |  | Reserve for Loan Losses |  | Carrying Value |  | % of Total |  | Reserve for Loan Losses as a % of Gross Carrying Value
Performing loans | 35 |  |  | $ | 852,768 |  |  | $ | (13,000 | ) |  | $ | 839,768 |  |  | 97.0% |  | 1.5%
Non-performing loans | 3 |  |  | 66,725 |  |  | (40,395 | ) |  | 26,330 |  |  | 3.0% |  | 60.5%
Total | 38 |  |  | $ | 919,493 |  |  | $ | (53,395 | ) |  | $ | 866,098 |  |  | 100.0% |  | 5.8%

Performing Loans—The table below summarizes our performing loans exclusive of reserves ($ in thousands):

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Senior mortgages | $ | 516,168 |  |  | $ | 694,025 |
Corporate/Partnership loans | 121,500 |  |  | 148,583 |
Subordinate mortgages | 10,694 |  |  | 10,160 |
Total | $ | 648,362 |  |  | $ | 852,768 |
Weighted average LTV | 64 | % |  | 63 | %
Yield | 9.0 | % |  | 9.2 | %

Non-Performing Loans—We designate loans as non-performing at such time as: (1) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; (2) the loan has a maturity default; or (3) management determines it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due
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according to the contractual terms of the loan. All non-performing loans are placed on non-accrual status and income is only recognized in certain cases upon actual cash receipt. As of September 30, 2019, we had a non-performing loan with an aggregate carrying value of $16.7 million compared to non-performing loans with an aggregate carrying value of $26.3 million as of December 31, 2018. We expect that our level of non-performing loans will fluctuate from period to period.
Reserve for Loan Losses—The reserve for loan losses was $30.4 million as of September 30, 2019, or 4.4% of total loans, compared to $53.4 million or 5.8% as of December 31, 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the recovery of loan losses included a decrease in the general reserve of $4.3 million offset by an increase in the specific reserve of $0.5 million. We also charged-off $19.2 million from the specific reserve due to the resolution of a non-performing loan. We expect that our level of reserve for loan losses will fluctuate from period to period. Due to the volatility of the commercial real estate market, the process of estimating collateral values and reserves requires the use of significant judgment. We currently believe there is adequate collateral and reserves to support the carrying values of the loans.
The reserve for loan losses includes an asset-specific component and a formula-based component. An asset-specific reserve is established for an impaired loan when the estimated fair value of the loan's collateral less costs to sell is lower than the carrying value of the loan. As of September 30, 2019, asset-specific reserves decreased to $21.7 million compared to $40.4 million as of December 31, 2018, primarily due to a $19.2 million charge-off from the specific reserve due to the resolution of a non-performing loan.
The formula-based general reserve is derived from estimated principal default probabilities and loss severities applied to groups of performing loans based upon risk ratings assigned to loans with similar risk characteristics during our quarterly loan portfolio assessment. During this assessment, we perform a comprehensive analysis of our loan portfolio and assign risk ratings to loans that incorporate management's current judgments and future expectations about their credit quality based on all known and relevant factors that may affect collectability. We consider, among other things, payment status, lien position, borrower financial resources and investment in collateral, collateral type, project economics and geographical location as well as national and regional economic factors. This methodology results in loans being segmented by risk classification into risk rating categories that are associated with estimated probabilities of default and principal loss. We estimate loss rates based on historical realized losses experienced within our portfolio and take into account current economic conditions affecting the commercial real estate market when establishing appropriate time frames to evaluate loss experience.
The general reserve decreased to $8.7 million or 1.3% of performing loans as of September 30, 2019, compared to $13.0 million or 1.5% of performing loans as of December 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in the balance of our performing loans.
Net Lease
Our net lease business seeks to create stable cash flows through long-term net leases primarily to single tenants on our properties. We target mission-critical facilities leased on a long-term basis to tenants, offering structured solutions that combine our capabilities in underwriting, lease structuring, asset management and build-to-suit construction. Leases typically provide for expenses at the facility to be paid by the tenant on a triple net lease basis. Under a typical net lease agreement, the tenant agrees to pay a base monthly operating lease payment and most or all of the facility operating expenses (including taxes, utilities, maintenance and insurance). We generally intend to hold our net lease assets for long-term investment. However, we may dispose of assets if we deem the disposition to be in our best interests.
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The net lease segment includes our traditional net lease investments and our investment in SAFE. As of September 30, 2019, our consolidated net lease portfolio totaled $2.2 billion. Our net lease portfolio, including the carrying value of our equity method investments in SAFE and Net Lease Venture II, exclusive of accumulated depreciation, totaled $2.8 billion. The table below provides certain statistics for our net lease portfolio.

|  | Consolidated Real Estate(1) |  | Net Lease Venture II |  | SAFE
Ownership % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 51.9 | % |  | 67.1 | %
Gross book value (millions)(2) |  | $ | 2,154 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 1,452 |
% Leased |  | 98.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Square footage (thousands) |  | 16,230 |  |  | 169 |  |  | N/A |
Weighted average lease term (years)(3) |  | 17.8 |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | 87.6 |
Weighted average yield(4) |  | 8.0 | % |  | 8.1 | % |  | 4.3 | %

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)We own 51.9% of the Net Lease Venture which is consolidated in our GAAP financial statements.
(2)Gross book value represents the acquisition cost of real estate and any additional capital invested into the property by us.
(3)Weighted average lease term is calculated using GAAP rent and the initial maturity and does not include extension options.
(4)Yield for SAFE is calculated over the trailing twelve months and excludes management fees earned by us.
Net Lease Venture—In 2014, the Company partnered with a sovereign wealth fund to form a venture to acquire and develop net lease assets and gave a right of first refusal to the venture on all new net lease investments that met specified investment criteria (refer to Note 8 in our consolidated financial statements for more information on our Net Lease Venture). The Net Lease Venture's investment period expired on June 30, 2018 and the remaining term of the venture extends through February 13, 2022, subject to two, one-year extension options at the discretion of us and our partner. We obtained control over the Net Lease Venture when the investment period expired on June 30, 2018 and consolidated the assets and liabilities of the venture, which had previously been accounted for as an equity method investment.
Net Lease Venture II—In July 2018, we entered into Net Lease Venture II with similar investment strategies as the Net Lease Venture (refer to Note 8). The Net Lease Venture II has a right of first offer on all new net lease investments (excluding Ground Leases) originated by us. We have an equity interest in the new venture of approximately 51.9%, which is accounted for as an equity method investment, and are responsible for managing the venture in exchange for a management fee and incentive fee.
SAFE—SAFE is a publicly-traded company that originates and acquires Ground Leases in order to generate attractive long-term risk-adjusted returns from its investments. We believe its business has characteristics comparable to a high-grade fixed income investment business, but with certain unique advantages. Relative to alternative fixed income investments generally, SAFE's Ground Leases typically benefit from built-in growth derived from contractual rent increases, and the opportunity to realize value from residual rights to acquire the buildings and other improvements on its land at no additional cost. We believe that these features offer us the opportunity through our ownership in SAFE to realize superior risk-adjusted total returns when compared to certain alternative highly-rated investments. As of September 30, 2019, we owned approximately 67.1% of SAFE's common stock outstanding.
We account for our investment in SAFE as an equity method investment (refer to Note 8). We are SAFE's external manager, and we have an exclusivity agreement with SAFE pursuant to which we agreed, subject to certain exceptions, that we will not acquire, originate, invest in, or provide financing for a third party’s acquisition of, a Ground Lease unless we have first offered that opportunity to SAFE and a majority of its independent directors has declined the opportunity.
Operating Properties
Our operating properties represent a pool of assets across a broad range of geographies and collateral types including office, retail, hotel and residential properties. As of September 30, 2019, our operating property portfolio, including the carrying value of our equity method investments gross of accumulated depreciation, totaled $313.9 million.
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Land and Development
The following table presents a land and development portfolio rollforward for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Land and Development Portfolio Rollforward
(in millions)
|  | Asbury Ocean Club and Asbury Park Waterfront |  | Magnolia Green |  | All Others |  | Total Segment
Beginning balance(1) |  | $ | 240.1 |  |  | $ | 109.5 |  |  | $ | 248.6 |  |  | $ | 598.2 |
Asset sales(2) |  | (31.7 | ) |  | (12.1 | ) |  | (25.4 | ) |  | (69.2 | )
Capital expenditures |  | 63.6 |  |  | 15.7 |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | 86.0 |
Other(3) |  | (28.8 | ) |  | (1.7 | ) |  | 25.9 |  |  | (4.6 | )
Ending balance(1) |  | $ | 243.2 |  |  | $ | 111.4 |  |  | $ | 255.8 |  |  | $ | 610.4 |

_______________________________________________________________________

(1) | As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Total Segment excludes $42.7 million and $65.3 million, respectively, of equity method investments.

(2) | Represents gross book value of the assets sold, rather than proceeds received.

(3) | For Asbury Ocean Club and Asbury Park Waterfront, other represents assets transferred to the operating properties segment.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

| For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change
| (in thousands)
Operating lease income | $ | 44,110 |  |  | $ | 59,109 |  |  | $ | (14,999 | )
Interest income | 19,701 |  |  | 22,915 |  |  | (3,214 | )
Interest income from sales-type leases | 8,339 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,339 |
Other income | 18,270 |  |  | 27,808 |  |  | (9,538 | )
Land development revenue | 54,918 |  |  | 12,309 |  |  | 42,609 |
Total revenue | 145,338 |  |  | 122,141 |  |  | 23,197 |
Interest expense | 46,522 |  |  | 47,219 |  |  | (697 | )
Real estate expense | 23,187 |  |  | 32,287 |  |  | (9,100 | )
Land development cost of sales | 48,101 |  |  | 12,114 |  |  | 35,987 |
Depreciation and amortization | 14,199 |  |  | 19,979 |  |  | (5,780 | )
General and administrative | 24,110 |  |  | 21,613 |  |  | 2,497 |
(Recovery of) provision for loan losses | (3,805 | ) |  | 200 |  |  | (4,005 | )
Impairment of assets | — |  |  | 989 |  |  | (989 | )
Other expense | 407 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 109 |
Total costs and expenses | 152,721 |  |  | 134,699 |  |  | 18,022 |
Income from sales of real estate | 3,476 |  |  | 5,409 |  |  | (1,933 | )
Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net | — |  |  | (911 | ) |  | 911 |
Earnings (losses) from equity method investments | 7,617 |  |  | (635 | ) |  | 8,252 |
Income tax expense | (84 | ) |  | (137 | ) |  | 53 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 3,626 |  |  | $ | (8,832 | ) |  | $ | 12,458 |

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Revenue—Operating lease income, which primarily includes income from net lease assets and commercial operating properties, decreased $15.0 million, or 25%, to $44.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $59.1 million for the same period in 2018. The following table summarizes our operating lease income by segment ($ in millions).

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Net Lease(1) |  | $ | 38.0 |  |  | $ | 45.2 |  |  | $ | (7.2 | )
Operating Properties(2) |  | 6.0 |  |  | 13.8 |  |  | (7.8 | )
Land and Development |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 44.1 |  |  | $ | 59.1 |  |  | $ | (15.0 | )

______________________________________________________________

(1) | Change primarily due to the reclassification of certain operating leases to sales-type leases in May 2019 (refer to Note 5) and asset sales, partially offset by new acquisitions.

(2) | Change primarily due to asset sales.

The following table shows certain same store statistics for our Net Lease segment. Same store assets are defined as assets we owned on or prior to July 1, 2018 and were in service through September 30, 2019 (Operating lease income in millions).

|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Operating lease income |  | $ | 39.7 |  |  | $ | 38.5 |
Rent per square foot |  | $ | 10.68 |  |  | $ | 10.33 |
Occupancy(1) |  | 98.1 | % |  | 98.6 | %

______________________________________________________________

(1) | Occupancy as of September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Interest income decreased $3.2 million, or 14%, to $19.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $22.9 million for the same period in 2018. The decrease was due primarily to a decrease in the average balance of our performing loans and other lending investments, which was $865.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and $1.03 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The weighted average yield on our performing loans and other lending investments was 8.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
Interest income from sales-type leases was $8.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. On January 1, 2019, we adopted new accounting standards (refer to Note 3) and classify certain of our leases as sales-type leases. Under sales-type leases, we accrue interest income from sales-type leases under the effective interest method as opposed to recognition of operating lease income under the straight-line rent method for our leases that do not qualify as sales-type leases.
Other income decreased $9.5 million, or 34%, to $18.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $27.8 million for the same period in 2018. Other income during the three months ended September 30, 2019 consisted primarily of income from our hotel properties, lease termination fees, other ancillary income from our operating properties, land and development projects and loan portfolio and interest income on our cash. Other income during the three months ended September 30, 2018 consisted primarily of lease termination fees, income from our hotel properties, other ancillary income from our operating properties and interest income on our cash.
Land development revenue and cost of sales—During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we sold residential lots and units and recognized land development revenue of $54.9 million which had associated cost of sales of $48.1 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we sold residential lots and units and recognized land development revenue of $12.3 million which had associated cost of sales of $12.1 million. The increase in 2019 was primarily due to sales of residential units at Asbury Ocean Club.
Costs and expenses—Interest expense decreased $0.7 million, or 1%, to $46.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $47.2 million for the same period in 2018 due to a decrease in the balance of our average outstanding debt, inclusive of loan participations and lease liabilities associated with finance-type leases, which decreased to $3.50 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $3.69 billion for the same period in 2018. Our weighted average cost of debt for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 5.3% and 5.4%, respectively.
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Real estate expenses decreased $9.1 million, or 28%, to $23.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $32.3 million for the same period in 2018. The following table summarizes our real estate expenses by segment ($ in millions).

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Operating Properties(1) |  | $ | 9.4 |  |  | $ | 18.6 |  |  | $ | (9.2 | )
Land and Development(2) |  | 7.4 |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | (1.5 | )
Net Lease(3) |  | 6.4 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 1.6 |
Total |  | $ | 23.2 |  |  | $ | 32.3 |  |  | $ | (9.1 | )

______________________________________________________________

(1) | Change primarily due to asset sales.

(2) | Change primarily due to a decrease in legal and consulting costs, partially offset by new operating properties.

(3) | Change primarily due to new acquisitions.

Depreciation and amortization decreased $5.8 million, or 29%, to $14.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $20.0 million for the same period in 2018, primarily due to asset sales.
General and administrative expenses increased $2.5 million, or 12%, to $24.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $21.6 million for the same period in 2018. The following table summarizes our general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Payroll and related costs |  | $ | 14.2 |  |  | $ | 14.2 |  |  | $ | — |
Performance Incentive Plans(1) |  | 5.1 |  | 5.0 |  | 2.4 |  |  | 2.7 |
Public company costs |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 0.5 |
Occupancy costs |  | 1.1 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | (0.1 | )
Other |  | 2.2 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | (0.6 | )
Total |  | $ | 24.1 |  |  | $ | 21.6 |  |  | $ | 2.5 |

____________________________________________________

(1) | Represents the fair value of points issued and change in fair value of the plans during the periods presented. For liability-classified awards, such amounts may increase or decrease over time until the awards are settled. Please refer to Note 15 - Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Employee Benefits for a description of the Performance Incentive Plans.

The recovery of loan losses was $3.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to a provision for loan losses of $0.2 million for the same period in 2018. The recovery of loan losses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was due to a decrease in the general reserve. The provision for loan losses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was due to an increase in the general reserve.
During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded an aggregate impairment of $1.0 million that resulted from the sale of commercial operating properties and residential condominium units.
Other expense increased slightly to $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $0.3 million for the same period in 2018.
Income from sales of real estate—Income from sales of real estate increased to $3.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $5.4 million for the same period in 2018. The following table presents our income from sales of real estate by segment ($ in millions).

|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net Lease |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | — |
Operating Properties |  | — |  |  | 5.4 |
Total |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 5.4 |

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Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net—During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred losses on early extinguishment of debt of $0.9 million resulting from the repayment of senior notes prior to maturity.
Earnings (losses) from equity method investments—Earnings (losses) from equity method investments increased to $7.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $(0.6) million for the same period in 2018. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $8.2 million resulting from the sale of an asset in an operating property venture, $2.9 million of income from our equity method investment in SAFE and $3.5 million of aggregate losses from our remaining equity method investments. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized $0.8 million from our equity method investment in SAFE and $1.4 million of aggregate losses from our remaining equity method investments.
Income tax expense—Income tax expense of $0.1 million was recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to an income tax expense of $0.1 million for the same period in 2018. The income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 primarily related to federal taxes at one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries, state margins taxes and other minimum state franchise taxes.
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Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change
| (in thousands)
Operating lease income | $ | 158,210 |  |  | $ | 149,516 |  |  | $ | 8,694 |
Interest income | 60,417 |  |  | 74,824 |  |  | (14,407 | )
Interest income from sales-type leases | 12,157 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,157 |
Other income | 43,133 |  |  | 63,951 |  |  | (20,818 | )
Land development revenue | 76,691 |  |  | 369,665 |  |  | (292,974 | )
Total revenue | 350,608 |  |  | 657,956 |  |  | (307,348 | )
Interest expense | 136,851 |  |  | 135,572 |  |  | 1,279 |
Real estate expense | 71,165 |  |  | 105,511 |  |  | (34,346 | )
Land development cost of sales | 71,785 |  |  | 318,881 |  |  | (247,096 | )
Depreciation and amortization | 43,586 |  |  | 41,857 |  |  | 1,729 |
General and administrative | 72,512 |  |  | 73,655 |  |  | (1,143 | )
Provision for loan losses | (3,792 | ) |  | 18,237 |  |  | (22,029 | )
Impairment of assets | 4,953 |  |  | 11,177 |  |  | (6,224 | )
Other expense | 12,798 |  |  | 5,180 |  |  | 7,618 |
Total costs and expenses | 409,858 |  |  | 710,070 |  |  | (300,212 | )
Income from sales of real estate | 233,406 |  |  | 79,353 |  |  | 154,053 |
Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net | (468 | ) |  | (3,447 | ) |  | 2,979 |
Earnings (losses) from equity method investments | 16,566 |  |  | (4,581 | ) |  | 21,147 |
Selling profit from sales-type leases | 180,416 |  |  | — |  |  | 180,416 |
Gain on consolidation of equity method investment | — |  |  | 67,877 |  |  | (67,877 | )
Income tax expense | (323 | ) |  | (386 | ) |  | 63 |
Net income | $ | 370,347 |  |  | $ | 86,702 |  |  | $ | 283,645 |

Revenue—Operating lease income, which primarily includes income from net lease assets and commercial operating properties, increased $8.7 million, or 6%, to $158.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $149.5 million for the same period in 2018. The following table summarizes our operating lease income by segment ($ in millions).

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Net Lease(1) |  | $ | 136.2 |  |  | $ | 104.2 |  |  | $ | 32.0 |
Operating Properties(2) |  | 21.8 |  |  | 44.8 |  |  | (23.0 | )
Land and Development |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | (0.3 | )
Total |  | $ | 158.2 |  |  | $ | 149.5 |  |  | $ | 8.7 |

______________________________________________________________

(1) | Change primarily due to a $42.1 million increase from the consolidation of the Net Lease Venture on June 30, 2018 and acquiring new assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, partially offset by a decrease of $9.1 million from the reclassification of certain operating leases as sales-type leases in May 2019 (refer to Note 5) and asset sales.

(2) | Change primarily due to asset sales.

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The following table shows certain same store statistics for our Net Lease segment. Same store assets are defined as assets we owned on or prior to January 1, 2018 and were in service through September 30, 2019 (Operating lease income in millions).

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Operating lease income |  | $ | 67.4 |  |  | $ | 67.1 |
Rent per square foot |  | $ | 9.46 |  |  | $ | 9.39 |
Occupancy(1) |  | 97.1 | % |  | 97.9 | %

______________________________________________________________

(1) | Occupancy as of September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Interest income decreased $14.4 million, or 19%, to $60.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $74.8 million for the same period in 2018. The decrease was due primarily to a decrease in the average balance of our performing loans and other lending investments, which was $879.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $1.07 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The weighted average yield on our performing loans and other lending investments was 9.0% and 9.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Interest income from sales-type leases was $12.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. On January 1, 2019, we adopted new accounting standards (refer to Note 3) and classify certain of our leases as sales-type leases. Under sales-type leases, we accrue interest income from sales-type leases under the effective interest method as opposed to recognition of operating lease income under the straight-line rent method for our leases that do not qualify as sales-type leases.
Other income decreased $20.8 million, or 33%, to $43.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $64.0 million for the same period in 2018. Other income during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 consisted primarily of income from our hotel properties, lease termination fees, other ancillary income from our operating properties, land and development projects and loan portfolio and interest income on our cash. Other income during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 consisted primarily of lease termination fees, income from our hotel properties, other ancillary income from our operating properties and interest income on our cash.
Land development revenue and cost of sales—During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we sold residential lots and units and recognized land development revenue of $76.7 million which had associated cost of sales of $71.8 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold land parcels and residential lots and units and recognized land development revenue of $369.7 million which had associated cost of sales of $318.9 million. The decrease in 2019 was primarily the result of two bulk parcel sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Costs and expenses—Interest expense increased $1.3 million, or 1%, to $136.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $135.6 million for the same period in 2018. The balance of our average outstanding debt, inclusive of loan participations and lease liabilities associated with finance-type leases, was $3.52 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $3.47 billion for the same period in 2018. Our weighted average cost of debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 5.4% and 5.5%, respectively.
Real estate expenses decreased $34.3 million, or 33%, to $71.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $105.5 million for the same period in 2018. The following table summarizes our real estate expenses by segment ($ in millions).

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Operating Properties(1) |  | $ | 28.8 |  |  | $ | 64.1 |  |  | $ | (35.3 | )
Land and Development(2) |  | 24.2 |  |  | 29.2 |  |  | (5.0 | )
Net Lease(3) |  | 18.2 |  |  | 12.2 |  |  | 6.0 |
Total |  | $ | 71.2 |  |  | $ | 105.5 |  |  | $ | (34.3 | )

______________________________________________________________

(1) | Change primarily due to asset sales, partially offset by an increase at properties that began operations.

(2) | Change primarily due to certain properties being moved to operating properties after beginning operations and a decrease in legal costs at properties, partially offset by an increase in marketing costs at certain of our properties.

(3) | Change primarily due to the consolidation of the Net Lease Venture.

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Depreciation and amortization increased $1.7 million, or 4%, to $43.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $41.9 million for the same period in 2018, primarily due to the consolidation of the Net Lease Venture on June 30, 2018, partially offset by the sale of commercial operating properties since October 1, 2018.
General and administrative expenses decreased $1.1 million, or 2%, to $72.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $73.7 million for the same period in 2018. The following table summarizes our general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Payroll and related costs(1) |  | $ | 40.8 |  |  | $ | 45.0 |  |  | $ | (4.2 | )
Performance Incentive Plans(2) |  | 16.6 |  | 5.0 |  | 12.6 |  |  | 4.0 |
Public company costs |  | 4.4 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 0.5 |
Occupancy costs |  | 3.3 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | (0.5 | )
Other |  | 7.4 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | (1.0 | )
Total |  | $ | 72.5 |  |  | $ | 73.7 |  |  | $ | (1.2 | )

____________________________________________________

(1) | Decrease due to a reduction in headcount to 157 employees as of September 30, 2019 from 186 employees as of December 31, 2017.

(2) | Represents the fair value of points issued and change in fair value of the plans during the periods presented. For liability-classified awards, such amounts may increase or decrease over time until the awards are settled. Please refer to Note 15 - Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Employee Benefits for a description of the Performance Incentive Plans.

The recovery of loan losses was $3.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to a provision for loan losses of $18.2 million for the same period in 2018. The recovery of loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was due to a decrease in the general reserve of $4.3 million offset by an increase in the specific reserve of $0.5 million. The provision for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was due to a specific reserve of $21.4 million resulting from the resolution of a non-performing loan partially offset by a $3.2 million decrease in the general reserve.
Impairment of assets was $5.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and resulted from an impairment of $3.3 million on a commercial operating property based on an executed purchase and sale agreement, a $1.1 million impairment on a land and development asset due to a change in business strategy and $0.6 million of impairments in connection with the sale of residential condominium units. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded an aggregate impairment of $11.2 million that resulted from a net lease asset where the total recovery was less than the carrying value, an impairment on a real estate asset that was sold and an impairment on a land and development asset based upon market comparable sales.
Other expense increased to $12.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $5.2 million for the same period in 2018. The increase in 2019 was due primarily to losses associated with derivative contracts that were terminated.
Income from sales of real estate—Income from sales of real estate increased to during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $79.4 million for the same period in 2018. The following table presents our income from sales of real estate by segment ($ in millions).

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net Lease(1) |  | $ | 223.2 |  |  | $ | 54.5 |
Operating Properties |  | 10.2 |  |  | 24.9 |
Total |  | $ | 233.4 |  |  | $ | 79.4 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we sold a portfolio of net lease assets with an aggregate carrying value of $220.4 million and recognized gains of $219.7 million in "Income from sales of real estate" in our consolidated statements of operations.

Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net—During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we incurred losses on early extinguishment of debt of $0.5 million and $3.4 million, respectively, resulting from repayments of senior notes prior to maturity during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and from repayments of our 2016 Senior Term Loan prior to its modification, the modification and upsize of our 2016 Senior Term Loan and repayments of senior notes prior to maturity during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
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Earnings (losses) from equity method investments—Earnings (losses) from equity method investments increased to $16.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $(4.6) million for the same period in 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $8.2 million resulting from the sale of an asset in an operating property venture, $14.1 million of income from our equity method investment in SAFE and $5.7 million of aggregate losses from our remaining equity method investments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized $4.1 million related to operations at our Net Lease Venture (which we consolidate as of June 30, 2018), $2.9 million from our equity method investment in SAFE and $11.6 million of aggregate losses from our remaining equity method investments, inclusive of a $10.0 million impairment on a foreign equity method investment due to local market conditions.
Selling profit from sales-type leases—During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we entered into a transaction with an operator of bowling entertainment venues, consisting of the purchase of nine bowling centers for $56.7 million and a commitment to invest up to $55.0 million in additional bowling centers over the next several years. The new centers were added to our existing master leases with the tenant. In connection with this transaction, the maturities of the leases were extended by 15 years to 2047. As a result of the modifications to the leases, we accounted for the leases as sales-type leases and recognized $180.4 million in "Selling profit from sales-type leases" as a result of the transaction.
Gain on consolidation of equity method investment—On June 30, 2018, we gained control of the Net Lease Venture when its investment period expired. As a result, as of June 30, 2018, we consolidated the assets and liabilities of the venture, which had previously been accounted for as an equity method investment. We recorded a gain of $67.9 million as a result of the consolidation.
Income tax expense—Income tax expense of $0.3 million was recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to an income tax expense of $0.4 million for the same period in 2018. The income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 primarily related to state margins taxes and other minimum state franchise taxes.
Adjusted Income
In addition to net income (loss) prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP"), we use adjusted income, a non-GAAP financial measure, to measure our operating performance. Adjusted income is used internally as a supplemental performance measure adjusting for certain non-cash GAAP measures to give management a view of income more directly derived from operating activities in the period in which they occur. Adjusted income is calculated as net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders, prior to the effect of depreciation and amortization, provision for (recovery of) loan losses, impairment of assets, stock-based compensation expense, the liquidation preference recorded as a premium above book value on the redemption of preferred stock, the imputed non-cash interest expense recognized for the conversion feature of our senior convertible notes, the non-cash portion of gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt and is adjusted for the effect of gains or losses on charge-offs and dispositions on carrying value gross of loan loss reserves and impairments ("Adjusted Income").
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Adjusted Income should be examined in conjunction with net income (loss) as shown in our consolidated statements of operations. Adjusted Income should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) (determined in accordance with GAAP), or to cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), as a measure of our liquidity, nor is Adjusted Income indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs or available for distribution to shareholders. Rather, Adjusted Income is an additional measure we use to analyze our business performance because it excludes the effects of certain non-cash charges that we believe are not necessarily indicative of our operating performance while including the effect of gains or losses on investments when realized. It should be noted that our manner of calculating Adjusted Income may differ from the calculations of similarly-titled measures by other companies.

| For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
| (in thousands)
Adjusted Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders | $ | (7,343 | ) |  | $ | (18,984 | ) |  | $ | (34,530 | ) |  | $ | 337,807 |  |  | $ | 50,698 |  |  | $ | 115,834 |
Add: Depreciation and amortization(1) | 14,266 |  |  | 19,873 |  |  | 14,765 |  |  | 44,008 |  |  | 52,153 |  |  | 45,438 |
Add (Less): Provision for (recovery of) loan losses | (3,805 | ) |  | 200 |  |  | (2,600 | ) |  | (3,792 | ) |  | 18,237 |  |  | (8,128 | )
Add: Impairment of assets(2) | — |  |  | 989 |  |  | 595 |  |  | 4,953 |  |  | 21,769 |  |  | 15,292 |
Add: Stock-based compensation expense | 6,740 |  |  | 3,651 |  |  | 2,934 |  |  | 20,694 |  |  | 16,245 |  |  | 12,730 |
Add: Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net | — |  |  | 911 |  |  | 616 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 3,447 |  |  | 1,392 |
Add: Non-cash interest expense on senior convertible notes | 1,254 |  | — |  | 1,191 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 3,714 |  |  | 3,527 |  |  | 110 |
Add: Premium on redemption of preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,314 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,314 |
Add: Deferred gain on sale(3) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,500 |
Less: Losses on charge-offs and dispositions(4) | (7,673 | ) |  | (4,093 | ) |  | (1,779 | ) |  | (87,673 | ) |  | (65,553 | ) |  | (15,906 | )
Adjusted income (loss) allocable to common shareholders(3) | $ | 3,439 |  |  | $ | 3,738 |  |  | $ | (3,575 | ) |  | $ | 320,179 |  |  | $ | 100,523 |  |  | $ | 238,576 |

______________________________________________________________

(1) | Depreciation and amortization also includes our proportionate share of depreciation and amortization expense for equity method investments and excludes the portion of depreciation and amortization expense allocable to noncontrolling interests.

(2) | Impairment of assets includes impairments on equity method investments recorded in "Earnings from equity method investments" in our consolidated statements of operations.

(3) | Adjusted Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as previously reported, included a $75.9 million add-back attributable to aggregate deferred gains on our retained interests in entities to which we sold or contributed properties prior to 2018 and a $3.3 million add-back for depreciation related to such properties. We recognized those gains in our GAAP retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 when we adopted a new accounting standard that mandated such recognition. We are retrospectively modifying our presentation of Adjusted Income for 2018 and 2017, as shown in the table above, to reflect the effects of the dispositions in the periods in which they occurred. Adjusted Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 shown in the table above includes $55.5 million of the aggregate deferred gain, which resulted from the sale of our Ground Lease business to SAFE in the second quarter of 2017. The remaining $23.7 million of the aggregate deferred gains are not shown in the table above because the disposition transactions occurred prior to 2017. Adjusted Income as previously reported (i.e., prior to the retrospective modification) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $3.7 million and $179.7 million, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $(3.6) million and $183.1 million, respectively.

(4) | Represents the impact of charge-offs and dispositions realized during the period. These charge-offs and dispositions were on assets that were previously impaired for GAAP and reflected in net income but not Adjusted Income.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we invested $380.5 million into new investments, prior financing commitments and ongoing real estate development. This amount includes $57.2 million in real estate finance, $20.6 million to develop our land and development assets, $300.1 million to invest in net lease assets and $2.3 million of capital to reposition or redevelop our operating properties and $0.3 million in other investments. Also during the three months ended September 30, 2019, we generated $242.1 million of proceeds from loan repayments and asset sales within our portfolio, comprised of $159.7 million from real estate finance, $28.7 million from operating properties and net lease assets and $53.7 million from land and development assets. These amounts are inclusive of fundings and proceeds from both consolidated investments and our pro rata share from equity method investments.
The following table outlines our capital expenditures on operating properties, net lease and land and development assets as reflected in our consolidated statements of cash flows, by segment ($ in thousands):

| For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Operating Properties | $ | 5,965 |  |  | $ | 22,671 |
Net Lease | 15,116 |  |  | 21,540 |
Total capital expenditures on real estate assets | $ | 21,081 |  |  | $ | 44,211 |
Land and Development | $ | 93,395 |  |  | $ | 98,489 |
Total capital expenditures on land and development assets | $ | 93,395 |  |  | $ | 98,489 |

As of September 30, 2019, we had unrestricted cash of $917.3 million and $350.0 million of borrowing capacity available under the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility. In October 2019, we repaid the $400.0 million principal amount outstanding of the 4.625% senior unsecured notes due September 2020 and the $275.0 million principal amount outstanding of the 6.50% senior unsecured notes due July 2021. Our primary cash uses over the next 12 months are expected to be funding of investments, capital expenditures, distributions to shareholders and funding ongoing business operations. Over the next 12 months, we currently expect to fund in the range of approximately $50.0 million to $100.0 million of capital expenditures within our portfolio. The majority of these amounts relate to our land and development projects and operating properties, and include multifamily and residential development activities which are expected to include approximately $20.0 million in vertical construction. The amount actually invested will depend on the pace of our development activities as well as the extent to which we strategically partner with others to complete these projects. As of September 30, 2019, we also had approximately $395.5 million of maximum unfunded commitments associated with our investments of which we expect to fund the majority of over the next two years, assuming borrowers and tenants meet all milestones, performance hurdles and all other conditions to fundings (see "Unfunded Commitments" below). We also have $331.8 million principal amount of scheduled real estate finance maturities over the next 12 months, exclusive of any extension options that can be exercised by our borrowers. Our capital sources to meet cash uses through the next 12 months and beyond are expected to include cash on hand, income from our portfolio, loan repayments from borrowers and proceeds from asset sales.
We cannot predict with certainty the specific transactions we will undertake to generate sufficient liquidity to meet our obligations as they come due. We will adjust our plans as appropriate in response to changes in our expectations and changes in market conditions. While economic trends have stabilized, it is not possible for us to predict whether these trends will continue or to quantify the impact of these or other trends on our financial results.
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Contractual Obligations—The following table outlines the contractual obligations related to our long-term debt obligations, loan participations payable and operating lease obligations as of September 30, 2019 (refer to Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements).

| Amounts Due By Period
| Total |  | Less Than 1 Year |  | 1 - 3 Years |  | 3 - 5 Years |  | 5 - 10 Years |  | After 10 Years
| (in thousands)
Long-Term Debt Obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unsecured notes(1) | $ | 2,412,500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,737,500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 675,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Secured credit facilities | 641,875 |  |  | 6,500 |  |  | 13,000 |  |  | 622,375 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgages | 724,651 |  |  | 13,452 |  |  | 179,612 |  |  | 66,959 |  |  | 453,687 |  |  | 10,941 |
Trust preferred securities | 100,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 100,000 |
Total principal maturities | 3,879,026 |  |  | 19,952 |  |  | 1,930,112 |  |  | 689,334 |  |  | 1,128,687 |  |  | 110,941 |
Interest Payable(1)(2) | 720,653 |  |  | 172,542 |  |  | 308,117 |  |  | 134,049 |  |  | 82,637 |  |  | 23,308 |
Loan Participations Payable(3) | 33,189 |  |  | 33,189 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Lease Obligations(4) | 1,613,457 |  |  | 9,554 |  |  | 14,119 |  |  | 12,869 |  |  | 32,401 |  |  | 1,544,514 |
Total | $ | 6,246,325 |  |  | $ | 235,237 |  |  | $ | 2,252,348 |  |  | $ | 836,252 |  |  | $ | 1,243,725 |  |  | $ | 1,678,763 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | The $400.0 million principal amount outstanding of the 4.625% senior unsecured notes due September 2020 and the $275.0 million principal amount outstanding of the 6.50% senior unsecured notes due July 2021 were repaid in full in October 2019.

(2) | Variable-rate debt assumes one-month LIBOR of 2.02% and three-month LIBOR of 2.09% that were in effect as of September 30, 2019. Interest payable does not include payments that may be required under our interest rate derivatives.

(3) | Refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.

(4) | We are obligated to pay ground rent under certain operating leases; however, our tenants at the properties pay this expense directly under the terms of various subleases and these amounts are excluded from lease obligations.

Collateral Assets—The carrying value of our assets that are directly pledged or are held by subsidiaries whose equity is pledged as collateral to secure our obligations under our secured debt facilities are as follows, by asset type ($ in thousands):

| As of
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Collateral Assets(1) |  | Non-Collateral Assets |  | Collateral Assets(1) |  | Non-Collateral Assets
Real estate, net | $ | 1,413,531 |  |  | $ | 116,585 |  |  | $ | 1,620,008 |  |  | $ | 151,011 |
Real estate available and held for sale | — |  |  | 12,688 |  |  | 1,055 |  |  | 21,496 |
Net investment in leases | 421,252 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Land and development, net | 42,402 |  |  | 567,978 |  |  | 12,300 |  |  | 585,918 |
Loans receivable and other lending investments, net(2)(3) | 308,474 |  |  | 475,374 |  |  | 498,524 |  |  | 480,154 |
Other investments | — |  |  | 733,793 |  |  | — |  |  | 304,275 |
Cash and other assets | 2,645 |  |  | 1,460,795 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,329,990 |
Total | $ | 2,188,304 |  |  | $ | 3,367,213 |  |  | $ | 2,131,887 |  |  | $ | 2,872,844 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | The 2016 Senior Term Loan and the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility are secured only by pledges of equity of certain of our subsidiaries and not by pledges of the assets held by such subsidiaries. Such subsidiaries are subject to contractual restrictions under the terms of such credit facilities, including restrictions on incurring new debt (subject to certain exceptions). As of September 30, 2019, Collateral Assets includes $412.0 million carrying value of assets held by entities whose equity interests are pledged as collateral for the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility that is undrawn as of September 30, 2019.

(2) | As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the amounts presented exclude general reserves for loan losses of $8.7 million and $13.0 million, respectively.

(3) | As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the amounts presented exclude loan participations of $33.1 million and $22.5 million, respectively.

Debt Covenants—Our outstanding unsecured debt securities contain corporate level covenants that include a covenant to maintain a ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured indebtedness, as such terms are defined in the indentures governing the debt securities, of at least 1.2 x and a covenant not to incur additional indebtedness (except for incurrences of permitted debt), if on a pro forma basis our consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, determined in accordance with the indentures governing our debt securities, is 1.5 x or lower. If any of our covenants are breached and not cured within applicable cure periods, the breach could result in acceleration of our debt securities unless a waiver or modification is agreed upon with the requisite percentage of the
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bondholders. If our ability to incur additional indebtedness under the fixed charge coverage ratio is limited, we are permitted to incur indebtedness for the purpose of refinancing existing indebtedness and for other permitted purposes under the indentures.
The 2016 Senior Term Loan and the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility contain certain covenants, including covenants relating to collateral coverage, restrictions on fundamental changes, transactions with affiliates, matters relating to the liens granted to the lenders and the delivery of information to the lenders. In particular, the 2016 Senior Term Loan requires us to maintain collateral coverage of at least 1.25 x outstanding borrowings on the facility. The 2015 Revolving Credit Facility is secured by a borrowing base of assets and requires us to maintain both borrowing base asset value of at least 1.5 x outstanding borrowings on the facility and a consolidated ratio of cash flow to fixed charges of at least 1.5 x. The 2015 Revolving Credit Facility does not require that proceeds from the borrowing base be used to pay down outstanding borrowings provided the borrowing base asset value remains at least 1.5x outstanding borrowings on the facility. To satisfy this covenant, we have the option to pay down outstanding borrowings or substitute assets in the borrowing base. We may not pay dividends if we cease to qualify as a REIT. In June 2018, we amended the terms of the 2016 Senior Term Loan and the 2015 Revolving Credit Facility to include the ability to pay common dividends with no restrictions so long as we are not in default on any of our debt obligations. We declared common stock dividends of $19.0 million, or $0.29 per share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Derivatives—Our use of derivative financial instruments is primarily limited to the utilization of interest rate swaps, interest rate caps or other instruments to manage interest rate risk exposure and foreign exchange contracts to manage our risk to changes in foreign currencies. Refer to Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements—We are not dependent on the use of any off-balance sheet financing arrangements for liquidity. We have made investments in various unconsolidated ventures. Refer to Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for further details of our unconsolidated investments. Our maximum exposure to loss from these investments is limited to the carrying value of our investments and any unfunded commitments (see below).
Unfunded Commitments—We generally fund construction and development loans and build-outs of space in net lease assets over a period of time if and when the borrowers and tenants meet established milestones and other performance criteria. We refer to these arrangements as Performance-Based Commitments. In addition, we have committed to invest capital in several real estate funds and other ventures. These arrangements are referred to as Strategic Investments. As of September 30, 2019, the maximum amount of fundings we may be obligated to make under each category, assuming all performance hurdles and milestones are met under the Performance-Based Commitments and assuming that 100% of our capital committed to Strategic Investments is drawn down, are as follows (in thousands):

| Loans and Other Lending Investments(1) |  | Real Estate(2) |  | Other Investments |  | Total
Performance-Based Commitments | $ | 294,059 |  |  | $ | 77,251 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 371,310 |
Strategic Investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,177 |  |  | 24,177 |
Total | $ | 294,059 |  |  | $ | 77,251 |  |  | $ | 24,177 |  |  | $ | 395,487 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | Excludes $16.8 million of commitments on loan participations sold that are not our obligation.

(2) | Includes a commitment to invest up to $55.0 million in additional bowling centers over the next several years (refer to Note 5).

Stock Repurchase Program—We may repurchase shares in negotiated transactions or open market transactions, including through one or more trading plans. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we repurchased 6.2 million shares of our outstanding common stock for $58.8 million, for an average cost of $9.44 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we repurchased 0.8 million shares of our outstanding common stock for $8.3 million, for an average cost of $10.22 per share. As of September 30, 2019, we had remaining authorization to repurchase up to $22.1 million of common stock under our stock repurchase program.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments in certain circumstances that affect amounts reported as assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We have established detailed policies and control procedures intended to ensure that valuation methods, including any judgments made as part of such methods, are well controlled, reviewed and applied consistently from period to period. We base our estimates on historical corporate and industry experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be appropriate under the circumstances. For all of these estimates, we caution that future events rarely develop exactly as forecasted, and, therefore, routinely require adjustment.
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For a discussion of our critical accounting policies, refer to Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements and our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
New Accounting Pronouncements—For a discussion of the impact of new accounting pronouncements on our financial condition or results of operations, refer to Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market Risks
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. In pursuing our business plan, the primary market risk to which we are exposed is interest rate risk. Our operating results will depend in part on the difference between the interest and related income earned on our assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with our interest-bearing liabilities. Changes in the general level of interest rates prevailing in the financial markets will affect the spread between our floating rate assets and liabilities subject to the net amount of floating rate assets/liabilities and the impact of interest rate floors and caps. Any significant compression of the spreads between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities could have a material adverse effect on us.
In the event of a significant rising interest rate environment or economic downturn, defaults could increase and cause us to incur additional credit losses which would adversely affect our liquidity and operating results. Such delinquencies or defaults would likely have a material adverse effect on the spreads between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. In addition, an increase in interest rates could, among other things, reduce the value of our fixed-rate interest-bearing assets and our ability to realize gains from the sale of such assets.
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions, and other factors beyond our control. We monitor the spreads between our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and may implement hedging strategies to limit the effects of changes in interest rates on our operations, including engaging in interest rate swaps, interest rate caps and other interest rate-related derivative contracts. Such strategies are designed to reduce our exposure, on specific transactions or on a portfolio basis, to changes in cash flows as a result of interest rate movements in the market. We do not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes or as a hedge against changes in our credit risk or the credit risk of our borrowers.
While a REIT may utilize derivative instruments to hedge interest rate risk on its liabilities incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets without generating non-qualifying income, use of derivatives for other purposes will generate non-qualified income for REIT income test purposes. This includes hedging asset related risks such as credit and interest rate exposure on our loan assets. As a result our ability to hedge these types of risks is limited. There can be no assurance that our profitability will not be materially adversely affected during any period as a result of changing interest rates.
The following table quantifies the potential changes in annual net income, assuming no change in our interest earning assets or interest bearing liabilities, should interest rates increase or decrease by 10, 50 or 100 basis points, assuming no change in the shape of the yield curve (i.e., relative interest rates). The base interest rate scenario assumes the one-month LIBOR rate of 2.02% as of September 30, 2019. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimated in the table.
Estimated Change In Net Income
($ in thousands)

Change in Interest Rates |  | Net Income(1)
-100 Basis Points |  | $ | (6,184 | )
-50 Basis Points |  | (3,172 | )
-10 Basis Points |  | (670 | )
Base Interest Rate |  | — |
+10 Basis Points |  | 702 |
+50 Basis Points |  | 3,827 |
+100 Basis Points |  | 7,821 |

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(1) | We have an overall net variable-rate asset position, which results in an increase in net income when rates increase and a decrease in net income when rates decrease. As of September 30, 2019, $400.3 million of our floating rate loans have a weighted average interest rate floor of 1.3% and $33.2 million of our floating rate debt obligations have a weighted average interest rate floor of 0.4%.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company's Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, who is currently performing the functions of the Company's principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The
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Company has formed a disclosure committee that is responsible for considering the materiality of information and determining the disclosure obligations of the Company on a timely basis. The disclosure committee reports directly to the Company's Chief Executive Officer and principal financial officer (whose functions are currently being performed by the Company's Chief Accounting Officer).
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the disclosure committee and other members of management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer (performing the functions of principal financial officer), of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b) or Rule 15d-15. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is: (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms; and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.
There have been no changes during the last fiscal quarter in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in the Company's periodic reports.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The Company and/or one or more of its subsidiaries is party to various pending litigation matters that are considered ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Company's business as a finance and investment company focused on the commercial real estate industry, including foreclosure-related proceedings. The Company believes it is not a party to, nor are any of its properties the subject of, any pending legal proceeding that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Item 1a. Risk Factors
There were no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by us or on our behalf of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

| Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans(1)
July 1 to July 31 | 35,632 |  | $ | 12.42 |  | 35,632 |  | $ | 22,101,305 |
August 1 to August 31 | — |  | $ | — |  | — |  | $ | 22,101,305 |
September 1 to September 30 | — |  | $ | — |  | — |  | $ | 22,101,305 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | We may repurchase shares in negotiated transactions or open market transactions, including through one or more trading plans.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number | Document Description
10.1 | Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of September 27, 2019 among iStar Inc. and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent
31.0 | Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
32.0 | Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
101* | The following financial information from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 is formatted in Inline XBRL ("eXtensible Business Reporting Language"): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

_______________________________________________________________________________

* | In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Exchange Act of 1934 and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | iStar Inc. Registrant
Date: | October 31, 2019 | /s/ JAY SUGARMAN
|  | Jay Sugarman Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)
|  | iStar Inc. Registrant
Date: | October 31, 2019 | /s/ GARETT ROSENBLUM
|  | Garett Rosenblum Chief Accounting Officer (principal financial officer)

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