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Other Investments | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2021
Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract] |
Other Investments | Note 8—Other Investments The Company’s other investments and its proportionate share of earnings (losses) from equity method investments were as follows ($ in thousands):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Earnings (Losses) from | ​ | Earnings (Losses) from
​ | ​ | Carrying Value | ​ | Equity Method Investments (1) | ​ | Equity Method Investments(1)
​ | ​ | as of | ​ | For the Three Months Ended | ​ | For the Six Months Ended
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | December 31, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30,
​ | ​ | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Real estate equity investments | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Safehold Inc. ("SAFE")(2) | ​ | $ | 988,687 | ​ | $ | 937,712 | ​ | $ | 9,703 | ​ | $ | 8,236 | ​ | $ | 21,115 | ​ | $ | 27,574
iStar Net Lease II LLC ("Net Lease Venture II") | ​ |  | 84,735 | ​ |  | 78,998 | ​ |  | 1,599 | ​ |  | 564 | ​ |  | 2,600 | ​ |  | 757
Other real estate equity investments | ​ |  | 68,920 | ​ |  | 89,939 | ​ |  | (1,461) | ​ |  | (4,893) | ​ |  | (2,063) | ​ |  | (6,975)
Subtotal | ​ |  | 1,142,342 | ​ |  | 1,106,649 | ​ |  | 9,841 | ​ |  | 3,907 | ​ |  | 21,652 | ​ |  | 21,356
Other strategic investments(3) | ​ |  | 133,612 | ​ |  | 69,911 | ​ |  | 2,856 | ​ |  | (1,321) | ​ |  | 3,814 | ​ |  | (2,158)
Total | ​ | $ | 1,275,954 | ​ | $ | 1,176,560 | ​ | $ | 12,697 | ​ | $ | 2,586 | ​ | $ | 25,466 | ​ | $ | 19,198
(1) | For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, earnings (losses) from equity method investments is net of the Company’s pro rata share of $5.5 million and $4.8 million, respectively, of depreciation expense and $17.7 million and $15.7 million, respectively, of interest expense. For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, earnings (losses) from equity method investments is net of the Company’s pro rata share of $11.1 million and $8.8 million, respectively, of depreciation expense and $33.2 million and $29.4 million, respectively, of interest expense.
(2) | As of June 30, 2021, the Company owned 35.2 million shares of SAFE common stock which, based on the closing price of $78.50 on June 30, 2021, had a market value of $2.8 billion. For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, equity in earnings includes dilution gains of $0.5 million and $7.9 million, respectively, resulting from SAFE equity offerings.
(3) | During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company identified observable price changes in an equity security held by the Company as evidenced by orderly private issuances of similar securities by the same issuer. In accordance with ASC 321, the Company remeasured its equity investment at fair value and recognized aggregate mark-to-market gains for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 of $5.1 million and $9.9 million, respectively, in “Other income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Safehold Inc.—Safehold Inc. (“SAFE”) is a publicly-traded company formed by the Company primarily to acquire, own, manage, finance and capitalize ground leases. Ground leases generally represent ownership of the land underlying commercial real estate projects that is net leased by the fee owner of the land to the owners/operators of the real estate projects built thereon (“Ground Leases”). As of June 30, 2021, the Company owned approximately 66.0% of SAFE’s common stock outstanding. In January 2019, the Company purchased 12.5 million newly designated limited partnership units (the “Investor Units”) in SAFE’s operating partnership (“SAFE OP”), at a purchase price of $20.00 per unit, for a total purchase price of $250.0 million. In May 2019, after the approval of SAFE’s stockholders, the Investor Units were exchanged for shares of SAFE’s common stock on a one-for-one basis. Following the exchange, the Investor Units were retired. In connection with the Company’s purchase of the Investor Units, it entered into a Stockholder’s Agreement with SAFE on January 2, 2019. The Stockholder’s Agreement:
| ● | limits the Company’s discretionary voting power to 41.9% of the outstanding voting power of SAFE’s common stock until its aggregate ownership of SAFE common stock is less than 41.9%;
| ● | requires the Company to cast all of its voting power in favor of three director nominees to SAFE’s board who are independent of each of the Company and SAFE for three years;
| ● | subjects the Company to certain standstill provisions; and
| ● | provides the Company certain preemptive rights.
In March 2020, the Company acquired 1.7 million shares of SAFE’s common stock in a private placement for $80.0 million. A wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company is the external manager of SAFE and is entitled to a management fee. In addition, the Company is also the external manager of a venture in which SAFE is a member. Following are the key terms of the management agreement with SAFE:
| ● | The Company receives a fee equal to 1.0% of total SAFE equity (as defined in the management agreement) up to $1.5 billion; 1.25% of total SAFE equity (for incremental equity of $1.5 billion - $3.0 billion); 1.375% of total SAFE equity (for incremental equity of $3.0 billion - $5.0 billion); and 1.5% of total SAFE equity (for incremental equity over $5.0 billion);
| ● | Fee to be paid in cash or in shares of SAFE common stock, at the discretion of SAFE’s independent directors;
| ● | The stock is locked up for two years, subject to certain restrictions;
| ● | There is no additional performance or incentive fee;
| ● | The management agreement is non-terminable by SAFE through June 30, 2023, except for cause; and
| ● | Automatic annual renewals thereafter, subject to non-renewal upon certain findings by SAFE’s independent directors and payment of termination fee equal to three times the prior year’s management fee.
During the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $3.5 million and $3.2 million, respectively, of management fees pursuant to its management agreement with SAFE. During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $7.0 million and $6.0 million, respectively, of management fees pursuant to its management agreement with SAFE. The Company is also entitled to receive certain expense reimbursements, including for the allocable costs of its personnel that perform certain legal, accounting, due diligence tasks and other services that third-party professionals or outside consultants otherwise would perform. The Company has elected not to charge in full certain of the expense reimbursements while SAFE is growing its portfolio. During the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $1.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of expense reimbursements pursuant to its management agreement with SAFE. During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $3.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively, of expense reimbursements pursuant to its management agreement with SAFE. The Company has an exclusivity agreement with SAFE pursuant to which it agreed, subject to certain exceptions, that it will not acquire, originate, invest in, or provide financing for a third party’s acquisition of, a Ground Lease unless it has first offered that opportunity to SAFE and a majority of its independent directors has declined the opportunity. Following is a list of investments that the Company has transacted with SAFE, all of which were approved by the Company’s and SAFE’s independent directors, for the periods presented: In October 2017, the Company closed on a 99-year Ground Lease and a $80.5 million construction financing commitment to support the ground-up development of a to-be-built luxury multi-family project. The transaction included a combination of: (i) a newly created Ground Lease and a $7.2 million leasehold improvement allowance, which was fully funded; and (ii) an $80.5 million leasehold first mortgage. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded $0.8 million of interest income on the loan. During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $0.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of interest income on the loan. The Company sold the Ground Lease to SAFE in September 2020 for $34.0 million and sold the leasehold first mortgage to an entity in which the Company has a 53% equity interest (refer to “Other strategic investments” below) in January 2021 for $63.3 million. In January 2019, the Company committed to provide a $13.3 million loan to the ground lessee of a Ground Lease originated at SAFE. The loan was for the conversion of an office building into a multi-family property. The loan was repaid during the fourth quarter 2020. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of interest income on the loan. In June 2020, Net Lease Venture II (see below) acquired the leasehold interest in an office laboratory property in Honolulu, HI and simultaneously entered into a 99-year Ground Lease with SAFE. In February 2021, the Company provided a $50.0 million loan to the ground lessee of a Ground Lease originated at SAFE. The loan was for the Ground Lease tenant’s recapitalization of a hotel property. The Company received $1.9 million of consideration from SAFE in connection with this transaction. As of June 30, 2021, $42.7 million of the loan was funded and during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded $1.5 million and $2.4 million, respectively, of interest income on the loan. In March 2021, the Company acquired land and simultaneously structured and entered into with the seller a Ground Lease on which a multi-family project will be constructed. At closing, the Company entered into an agreement with SAFE pursuant to which, subject to certain conditions being met, SAFE will acquire the ground lessor from the Company (refer to Note 7 - Loans receivable held for sale). The Company also committed to provide a $75.0 million construction loan to the Ground Lease tenant. In June 2021, the Company sold to SAFE its rights under a purchase option agreement for $1.2 million. The Company had previously acquired such purchase option agreement from a third-party property owner for $1.0 million and incurred $0.2 million of expenses. Under the option agreement, upon certain conditions being met by an outside developer who may become the Ground Lease tenant, SAFE has the right to acquire for $215.0 million a property and hold a Ground Lease under approximately 1.1 million square feet of office space that may be developed on the property. No gain or loss was recognized by the Company as a result of the sale. In June 2021, the Company and SAFE entered into two agreements pursuant to each of which SAFE would acquire land and a related Ground Lease originated by the Company when certain construction related conditions are met by a specified time period. The purchase price to be paid for each is $42.0 million, plus an amount necessary for the Company to achieve the greater of a 1.25x multiple and a 9% return on its investment. In addition, each Ground Lease provides for a leasehold improvement allowance up to a maximum of $83.0 million, which obligation would be assumed by SAFE upon acquisition. If certain construction conditions are not met within a specified time period, SAFE will have no obligation to acquire the Ground Leases or fund the leasehold improvement allowances. There can be no assurance that the conditions to closing will be satisfied and that SAFE will acquire the properties and Ground Leases from the Company. Net Lease Venture II—In July 2018, the Company entered into a new venture (“Net Lease Venture II”) with an investment strategy similar to the Net Lease Venture. The Net Lease Venture II has a right of first offer on all new net lease investments (excluding Ground Leases) originated by the Company. In June 2021, Net Lease Venture II’s investment period was extended to December 31, 2021. Net Lease Venture II is a voting interest entity and the Company has an equity interest in the venture of approximately 51.9%. The Company does not have a controlling interest in Net Lease Venture II due to the substantive participating rights of its partner. The Company accounts for its investment in Net Lease Venture II as an equity method investment and is responsible for managing the venture in exchange for a management fee and incentive fee. During the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of management fees from Net Lease Venture II. During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of management fees from Net Lease Venture II. Other real estate equity investments—As of June 30, 2021, the Company’s other real estate equity investments include equity interests in real estate ventures ranging from 33% to 95%, comprised of investments of $55.3 million in operating properties and $13.6 million in land assets. As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s other real estate equity investments included $58.7 million in operating properties and $31.2 million in land assets. In August 2018, the Company provided a mezzanine loan with a principal balance of $33.0 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 to an unconsolidated entity in which the Company owns a 50% equity interest. The loan matures in August 2022. As of June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, the loan is included in “Loans receivable and other lending investments, net” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. During the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $0.6 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of interest income on the mezzanine loan. During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $1.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of interest income on the mezzanine loan. Other strategic investments—As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company also had investments in real estate related funds and other strategic investments in real estate entities. In January 2021, the Company sold two loans for $83.4 million to a newly formed entity in which the Company has a 53.0% noncontrolling equity interest. The Company did not recognize any gain or loss on the sales. The Company does not have a controlling interest in this entity due to the substantive participating rights of its partner. The Company accounts for this investment as an equity method investment and receives a fixed annual fee in exchange for managing the entity. Summarized investee financial information—The following table presents the investee level summarized financial information for the Company’s equity method investment that was significant as of June 30, 2021 ($ in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Revenues |  | Expenses |  | Net Income Attributable to Parent
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
SAFE | ​ | $ | 87,720 | ​ | $ | 57,536 | ​ | $ | 31,640
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
SAFE | ​ | $ | 77,518 | ​ | $ | 49,200 | ​ | $ | 29,861
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