Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to be used in valuation techniques to measure fair value:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

Certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value either on a recurring or non-recurring basis. Assets required to be marked-to-market and reported at fair value every reporting period are classified as being valued on a recurring basis. Assets not required to be recorded at fair value every period may be recorded at fair value if a specific provision or other impairment is recorded within the period to mark the carrying value of the asset to market as of the reporting date. Such assets are classified as being valued on a non-recurring basis.

The following fair value hierarchy table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis by the above categories ($ in thousands):

(1)

The fair value of the Company’s derivatives are based upon widely accepted valuation techniques utilized by a third-party specialist using observable inputs such as interest rates and contractual cash flow and are classified as Level 2. The fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale securities are based upon unadjusted third-party broker quotes and are classified as Level 3.

(2)	The Company recorded a $1.8 million impairment on an operating property with an estimated fair value of $0.8 million. The estimated fair value is based on the cash flows expected to be received.

(3)	In the second quarter 2022, the Company received a $40.0 million repayment on a held-to-maturity security. The Company then recorded a $25.0 million charge-off (refer to Note 7) on the held-to-maturity security to record the security at the expected future cash flows to be received.

The following table summarizes changes in Level 3 available-for-sale securities reported at fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 ($ in thousands):


	2022		2021
Beginning balance	$	28,092	$	25,274
Purchases		—		3,375
Repayments		(215)		(201)
Unrealized losses recorded in other comprehensive income		(4,623)		(374)
Ending balance	$	23,254	$	28,074

Fair values of financial instruments—The following table presents the carrying value and fair value for the Company’s financial instruments ($ in millions):


	As of June 30, 2022				As of December 31, 2021
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value		Value		Value		Value
Assets
Net investment in leases (refer to Note 5)⁽¹⁾	$	32	$	32	$	43	$	43
Loans receivable and other lending investments, net⁽¹⁾		204		204		333		345
Loans receivable held for sale⁽¹⁾		—		—		43		43
Cash and cash equivalents⁽²⁾		1,401		1,401		340		340
Restricted cash⁽²⁾		5		5		54		54

Liabilities
Debt obligations, net⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾
Level 1		1,734		1,717		2,473		2,799
Level 3		99		101		99		104
Total debt obligations, net		1,833		1,818		2,572		2,903

(1)	The fair value of the Company’s net investment in leases, loans receivable and other lending investments, net, loans receivable held for sale and certain debt obligations are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(2)

The Company determined the carrying values of its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash approximated their fair values. Restricted cash is recorded in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” on the Company’s balance sheet. The fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

(3)

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of the Company’s unsecured notes is classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of the Company’s 3.125% Senior Convertible Notes was $99.6 million and $527.5 million, respectively (refer to Note 10).