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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases and Ground Lease Receivables (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
Net Investment in Sales Type Leases

The Company’s net investment in sales-type leases were comprised of the following ($ in thousands):

    

December 31, 2024

    

December 31, 2023

Total undiscounted cash flows(1)

$

32,934,705

$

30,586,189

Unguaranteed estimated residual value(1)

 

3,039,649

 

2,946,928

Present value discount

 

(32,512,580)

 

(30,277,457)

Allowance for credit losses

(6,821)

(465)

Net investment in sales-type leases

$

3,454,953

$

3,255,195

(1)As of December 31, 2024, total discounted cash flows were approximately $3,430 million and the discounted unguaranteed estimated residual value was $32.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, total discounted cash flows were approximately $3,225 million and the discounted unguaranteed estimated residual value was $30.4 million.
Schedule of rollforward of net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables

The following table presents a rollforward of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables for the year ended December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):

    

Net Investment in 

    

Ground Lease

    

Sales-type Leases

Receivables

Total

Beginning balance

$

3,255,195

$

1,622,298

$

4,877,493

Origination/acquisition/fundings(1)

 

145,024

 

183,630

 

328,654

Accretion

 

61,090

 

30,765

 

91,855

Provision for credit losses

(6,356)

(3,295)

(9,651)

Ending balance(2)

$

3,454,953

$

1,833,398

$

5,288,351

(1)The net investment in sales-type leases is initially measured at the present value of the fixed and determinable lease payments, including any guaranteed or unguaranteed estimated residual value of the asset at the end of the lease, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease. For newly originated or acquired Ground Leases, the Company’s estimate of residual value equals the fair value of the land at lease commencement.
(2)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, all of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables were current in their payment status. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s weighted average accrual rate for its net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables was 5.3% and 5.6%, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining life of the Company’s 41 Ground Lease receivables was 97.2 years.
Schedule of changes in allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables

Allowance for Credit Losses—Changes in the Company’s allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows ($ in thousands):

    

Net investment in sales-type leases

Stabilized

Development

Unfunded

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Properties

Properties

Commitments

Total

Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period

$

387

$

78

$

$

465

Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)

5,998

 

358

 

 

6,356

Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)

$

6,385

$

436

$

$

6,821

Year Ended December 31, 2023

Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period

$

$

$

$

Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)(3)

280

71

6

357

Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)

107

 

7

 

(6)

 

108

Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)

$

387

$

78

$

$

465

    

Ground Lease receivables

Stabilized

Development

Unfunded

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Properties

Properties

Commitments

Total

Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period

$

123

$

246

$

37

$

406

Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)

2,529

 

766

 

 

3,295

Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)

$

2,652

$

1,012

$

37

$

3,701

Year Ended December 31, 2023

Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period

$

$

$

$

Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)(3)

102

97

84

283

Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)

21

 

149

 

(47)

 

123

Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)

$

123

$

246

$

37

$

406

(1)The provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2024 was due primarily to enhancements to the Company’s general provision for credit loss methodology (refer to Note 3), current market conditions and growth in the portfolio during the period. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The provision for credit losses was due primarily to a declining macroeconomic forecast since December 31, 2022.
(2)Allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recorded in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
(3)On January 1, 2023, the Company recorded an allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases of $0.4 million and an allowance for credit losses on Ground Lease receivables of $0.2 million upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13. The Company also recorded an allowance for credit losses of $0.1 million related to expected credit losses for unfunded commitments and was recorded in "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities."
Amortized Cost Basis in Ground Lease Receivables

The Company’s amortized cost basis in net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables, presented by year of origination and by stabilized or development status, was as follows as of December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):

    

Year of Origination

    

    

    

2024

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

Prior to 2020

    

Total

Net investment in sales-type leases

Stabilized properties

$

35,730

$

50,191

$

653,702

$

1,096,444

$

214,396

$

1,089,992

$

3,140,455

Development properties

 

111,329

 

22,062

 

38,488

 

121,412

 

 

28,028

 

321,319

Total

$

147,059

$

72,253

$

692,190

$

1,217,856

$

214,396

$

1,118,020

$

3,461,774

    

Year of Origination

    

    

    

2024

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

Prior to 2020

    

Total

Ground Lease receivables

Stabilized properties

$

$

19,524

$

155,921

$

200,819

$

184,071

$

458,982

$

1,019,317

Development properties

 

87,601

 

23,487

 

628,029

 

78,628

 

 

 

817,745

Total

$

87,601

$

43,011

$

783,950

$

279,447

$

184,071

$

458,982

$

1,837,062

The Company’s amortized cost basis in net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables, presented by year of origination and by stabilized or development status, was as follows as of December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands):

    

Year of Origination

    

    

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

Prior to 2019

    

Total

Net investment in sales-type leases

Stabilized properties

$

49,266

$

642,340

$

1,077,813

$

210,481

$

1,069,583

$

$

3,049,483

Development properties

 

21,634

 

37,793

 

119,191

 

 

27,559

 

 

206,177

Total

$

70,900

$

680,133

$

1,197,004

$

210,481

$

1,097,142

$

$

3,255,660

    

Year of Origination

    

    

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

Prior to 2019

    

Total

Ground Lease receivables

Stabilized properties

$

19,106

$

152,966

$

171,664

$

180,739

$

450,123

$

$

974,598

Development properties

 

139

 

545,509

 

102,421

 

 

 

 

648,069

Total

$

19,245

$

698,475

$

274,085

$

180,739

$

450,123

$

$

1,622,667

Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Sales-type Leases

Future Minimum Lease Payments under Sales-type Leases—Future minimum lease payments to be collected under sales-type leases accounted for under ASC 842 - Leases, excluding lease payments that are not fixed and determinable, in effect as of December 31, 2024, are as follows by year ($ in thousands):

    

    

Fixed Bumps 

    

Fixed Bumps 

with 

with Inflation 

Fixed 

Percentage 

    

Adjustments

    

Bumps

    

Rent

    

Total

2025

$

116,361

$

5,192

$

586

$

122,139

2026

 

111,903

 

5,696

 

586

 

118,185

2027

 

113,937

 

6,378

 

586

 

120,901

2028

 

115,973

 

6,595

 

637

 

123,205

2029

118,569

6,724

644

125,937

Thereafter

 

30,113,911

 

2,112,039

 

98,388

 

32,324,338

Total undiscounted cash flows

$

30,690,654

$

2,142,624

$

101,427

$

32,934,705

Recognized Interest Income from Sales type Leases

During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized interest income from sales-type leases in its consolidated statements of operations as follows ($ in thousands):

Net Investment 

    

Ground  

    

in Sales-type 

Lease 

Year Ended December 31, 2024

    

Leases

    

Receivables

    

Total

Cash

$

111,909

$

60,486

$

172,395

Non-cash

 

61,090

 

30,765

 

91,855

Total interest income from sales-type leases

$

172,999

$

91,251

$

264,250

Year Ended December 31, 2023

 

  

 

  

 

  

Cash

$

101,306

$

50,417

$

151,723

Non-cash

 

57,913

 

25,867

 

83,780

Total interest income from sales-type leases

$

159,219

$

76,284

$

235,503

Year Ended December 31, 2022

 

  

 

  

 

  

Cash

$

90,487

$

37,780

$

128,267

Non-cash

 

53,104

 

20,887

 

73,991

Total interest income from sales-type leases

$

143,591

$

58,667

$

202,258