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Commitments and Contingencies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies
 
Restricted Cash Reserves
 
The Company is obligated to maintain cash reserve funds for future capital expenditures, real estate taxes, insurance, and debt obligations where lenders hold restricted cash due to cash trap events. The management agreements, franchise agreements and/or mortgage loan documents require the Company to reserve cash ranging typically from 3.0% to 5.0% of the individual hotel’s revenues for future capital expenditures (including the periodic replacement or refurbishment of FF&E). Any unexpended amounts will remain the property of the Company upon termination of the management agreements, franchise agreements or mortgage loan documents. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately $34.4 million and $28.2 million, respectively, was available in the restricted cash reserves for future capital expenditures, real estate taxes, and insurance. As of December 31, 2022, there was also approximately $26.9 million of restricted cash held by a lender due to a cash trap event, and during the first quarter of 2023, all of the restrictions on this cash were removed.  

Litigation
 
Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is currently involved in any regulatory or legal proceedings that management believes will have a material and adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Management Agreements

As of June 30, 2023, 96 of the Company's consolidated hotel properties were operated pursuant to management agreements with initial terms ranging from one to 25 years. This number includes 35 consolidated hotel properties that receive the benefits of a franchise agreement pursuant to management agreements with Hilton, Hyatt, Marriott, or other management companies. Each management company receives a base management fee between 1.75% and 3.5% of hotel revenues. Management agreements that include the benefits of a franchise agreement incur a base management fee between 2.0% and 7.0% of hotel revenues. The management companies are also eligible to receive an incentive management fee if hotel operating income, as defined in the management agreements, exceeds certain thresholds. The incentive management fee is generally calculated as a percentage of hotel operating income after the Company has received a priority return on its investment in the hotel.

Management fees are included in management and franchise fee expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company incurred management fee expense of approximately $11.1 million and $21.9 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company incurred management fee expense of approximately $9.7 million and $16.5 million, respectively.

Franchise Agreements
 
As of June 30, 2023, 59 of the Company’s consolidated hotel properties were operated under franchise agreements with initial terms ranging from one to 30 years. This number excludes 35 consolidated hotel properties that receive the benefits of a franchise agreement pursuant to management agreements with Hilton, Hyatt, Marriott, or other management companies. In addition, two hotels are not operated with a hotel brand so they do not have franchise agreements. Franchise agreements allow the hotel properties to operate under the respective brands. Pursuant to the franchise agreements, the Company pays a royalty fee between 2.0% and 6.0% of room revenue, plus additional fees for marketing, central reservation systems and other franchisor costs between 1.0% and 4.3% of room revenue. Certain hotels are also charged a royalty fee between 1.5% and 3.0% of food and beverage revenues. 

Franchise fees are included in management and franchise fee expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company incurred franchise fee expense of approximately $18.1 million and $33.5 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company incurred franchise fee expense of approximately $16.4 million and $30.0 million, respectively.