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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. Notably, $10,246 and $8,308 in customer relationship amortization was reclassified from product revenues to selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and the results from asset disposals during 2017 were reclassified from other income to cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2017. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and those entities in which it has a controlling financial interest. Investments in affiliates in which Gentherm does not have control but does have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies are accounted for under the equity method. When Gentherm does not have the ability to exercise significant influence (generally when ownership interest is less than 20%), investments in affiliates are measured at cost, less impairments, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported therein. Considerable judgment is involved in making these determinations and the use of different estimates or assumptions could result in significantly different results. Management believes its assumptions and estimates are reasonable and appropriate. However, actual results could differ from those reported herein. Segment Reporting The Company has two reportable segments: Automotive, which includes automotive climate comfort systems, specialized automotive cable systems, battery thermal management, and automotive electronic systems; and Industrial. The Industrial segment represents the combined results from our patient temperature management systems business (“Medical”), GPT (through October 1, 2019), CSZ-IC (through February 1, 2019) and Gentherm’s advanced research and development division. The operating results from these businesses and division are presented together as one reporting segment because of their historical joint concentration on identifying new markets and product applications based on thermal management technologies. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized from agreements containing enforceable rights and obligations, when promised goods are delivered or services are completed. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from product revenues. Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are included in product revenues, while costs of shipping and handling are included in cost of sales. Automotive Revenues The Company provides production parts to its customers under long-term supply agreements (“LTAs”). The duration of an LTA is generally consistent with the life cycle of a vehicle; however, an LTA does not reach the level of a performance obligation until Gentherm receives either a purchase order and/or a materials release from the customer for a specific number of production parts at a specified price, at which point an enforceable contract exists. Revenue is recognized when control of the production parts has transferred to the customer according to the terms of the contract, which typically occurs when the parts are shipped or delivered to the customer’s premises. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring production parts. Certain LTAs provide for annual price reductions over the production life of the vehicle. Agreements that are determined to provide customers with purchase option discounts that would not be received without entering into the contract are considered to contain a material right (for example, a discount given to a customer that is incremental to the range of discounts typically given to that class of customer). The material right represents a purchase option that provides the customer with the ability to purchase additional production parts at a set price in the future and is accounted for as a separate performance obligation. Under these circumstances, each transfer of production parts under the LTA requires allocation of the purchase price to the production part and the purchase option. As a practical alternative to estimating the standalone selling price of an option, the Company allocates transaction price to the purchase option by reference to the production part volumes expected to be ordered and the consideration expected to be received over the life of the vehicle program. The production part’s relative standalone selling price observed under the LTA is subtracted from the total amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring of parts under the current contract and the difference is allocated to the purchase option. Revenue from options containing a material right is recognized when the amounts billed by the customer for production parts transferred, under the LTA, is less than the standalone selling price of those production parts. Medical Revenues Revenues from our patient temperature management business unit are generated from the sale of products and equipment. Our medical products and equipment focus on body and blood temperature management. The Company sells medical products and equipment primarily through distributor and group purchasing organization agreements. These agreements allow member participants to the distributor or group purchasing organization to make purchases at discounted prices negotiated by the distributor or group purchasing organization. A rebate is incurred at the point in time a member participant purchases product covered under these types of agreements. Rebates are accounted for as variable consideration, using an expected value, probability weighted approach, based on the level of sales to the distributor and the time lag between the initial sale and the rebate claim in determining the transaction price of a contract. Revenue is recognized at the point in time the medical products or equipment is transferred to the customer. GPT and CSZ-IC Revenues Revenues from our divested businesses, GPT and CSZ-IC, were generated from the sale of products and services. GPT and CSZ-IC customers commonly entered into multiple-element agreements for the purchase of products and services. Installation services, for example, were separate and distinct performance obligations that were often included in contracts to purchase customized environmental test chambers. Depending on the application, delivery of an environmental test chamber or remote power generation system to the customer’s place of business could range from two weeks to nine months from commencement of the contract. Installation services, while reliant on the specifications and timing from the customer, rarely remained incomplete more than two months after delivery. Revenues allocated to environmental test chambers or remote power systems were based on the stand-alone selling price of the products themselves. Judgement was used to determine the degree to which early pay discounts and other credits were utilized in the calculation of standalone selling price, and only included to the extent it was probable that a significant reversal of any incremental revenue would not occur. Revenues were recognized at the point in time the chamber or power system was shipped to the customer. For contracts that also included a promise for installation, the portion of total transaction price allocated to the installation was recognized as revenue at the point in time the installation was complete. GPT and CSZ-IC often required milestone payments for contracts to provide environmental test chambers or remote power systems to customers. Milestone payments did not provide the Company with a right to payment for the work completed to date and did not represent the satisfaction of a performance obligation. Milestone payments were deferred and reported within unearned revenue until construction was complete and the unit had been delivered or was installed. If the environmental test chamber contract included a separate promise to provide installation services, any installation-related payments received from the customer were deferred until the point in time the installation was complete. The total amount of unearned revenue associated with environmental chamber and remote power system contracts, including environmental chamber contracts that included a separate obligation to provide installation, that existed as of December 31, 2018 was $5,296 and is classified within Liabilities held for sale on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018. See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements for information about the assets and liabilities that was classified as held for sale. Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if the benefits of those costs are expected to be realized for a period greater than one year. Total capitalized costs to obtain a contract were $1,893 and $374 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These amounts are recorded in other current assets and are being amortized into product revenues over the expected production life of the program. During the year ended December 31, 2019, $1,006 was amortized into product revenues. During the year ended December 31, 2018, amounts amortized into product revenues was immaterial. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of less than 90 days to be cash equivalents. Cash balances in individual banks may exceed the federally insured limit by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $35,735 and $31,976 held in foreign jurisdictions as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Restricted cash includes cash that is legally restricted as to use or withdrawal. Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of financial instruments comprising cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable approximate fair value because of the short maturities of these instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s U.S. Revolving Note approximates its fair value because interest charged on the loan balance is variable. See Note 15 for information about the techniques used to assess the fair value of financial assets and liabilities, including our fixed rate debt instruments. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial assets, which subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds managed by major financial services companies. The credit risk for these cash equivalents is considered low. The Company does not require collateral from its customers. As of December 31, 2019, Lear, Adient and Magna comprised 21%, 21% and 7% respectively, of the Company’s accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2018, Lear, Adient, and Faurecia comprised 21%, 18% and 9% respectively, of the Company’s accounts receivable balance. These accounts are currently in good standing. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are stated at the invoiced amount, less allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated amounts not expected to be collected, and do not bear interest. We record an allowance for doubtful accounts once exposure to collection risk of an account receivable is specifically identified. We analyze the length of time an account receivable is outstanding, as well as a customer’s payment history and ability to pay to determine the need to record an allowance for doubtful accounts. We write-off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible. Inventory The Company’s inventory is measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost being determined using the first-in first-out basis. Raw materials, consumables and commodities are measured at cost of purchase and unfinished and finished goods are measured at cost of production, using the weighted average method. If the net realizable value expected on the reporting date is below cost, a write-down is recorded to adjust inventory to its net realizable value. We recognize a reserve for obsolete and slow-moving inventories based on estimates of future sales and an inventory item’s capacity to be repurposed for a different use. We consider the number of months supply on hand based on current planned requirements, uncommitted future projections and historical usage in estimating the inventory reserve. Property and Equipment Property and equipment, including additions and improvements, are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. When property or equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts. Gains or losses from retirements and disposals are recorded as operating income or expense. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of the Company’s property and equipment are as follows:
Asset Category |  | Useful Life
Buildings and improvements |  | 2 to 50 years
Plant and equipment |  | 1 to 20 years
Production tooling |  | 2 to 10 years
Leasehold improvements |  | Term of lease
Information technology |  | 1 to 10 years
The Company recognized depreciation expense of $33,639, $36,270 and $32,224 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill and other intangible assets recorded in conjunction with business combinations are based on the Company’s estimate of fair value, as of the date of acquisition. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method. The fair value and corresponding useful lives for acquired intangible assets are listed below as follows:
Asset Category |  | Useful Life
Customer relationships |  | 6-15 years
Technology |  | 4-8 years
Product development costs |  | 1-15 years
Tradenames |  | Indefinite
Our business strategy largely centers on designing products based upon internally developed and purchased technology. When possible and having value to the business strategy, we protect these technologies with patents. Our policy is to expense all costs associated with the development and issuance of new patents as incurred. Such costs are classified as research and development expenses in our consolidation statements of income. Patents purchased as part of a business combination are capitalized based on their fair values. Periodically, we review the recoverability and remaining lives of our capitalized patents, and if necessary, make adjustments to reported amounts, based upon unfavorable impacts from market conditions, the emergence of competitive technologies and changes in our projected business plans. Impairments of Long-Lived Assets, Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill Whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that a long-lived asset’s fair value, other intangible asset’s fair value or a reporting unit’s fair value is less than it’s carrying amount, the Company then compares the fair value of the long-lived asset, other intangible asset or reporting unit to the related net book value. If the net book value of a long-lived asset, other intangible asset or reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. The fair value of a long-lived asset, other intangible asset or reporting unit is estimated by analyzing internal inputs (level 3) to calculate forward values and discounting those values to the present value. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on at least an annual basis. Accrued Warranty Costs The Company accrues warranty obligations for products sold based on management estimates of future failure rates and current claim cost experience, with support from the sales, engineering, quality and legal functions. Using historical information available to the Company, including claims already filed by customers, the warranty accrual is adjusted quarterly to reflect management’s best estimate of future claims. Tooling The Company incurs costs related to tooling used in the manufacture of products sold to its customers. In some cases, the Company enters into contracts with its customers whereby the Company incurs the costs to design, develop and purchase tooling and is then reimbursed by the customer under a reimbursement contract. Tooling costs that will be reimbursed by customers are included in other current assets at the lower of accumulated cost or the customer reimbursable amount. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, $5,347 and $6,628 of reimbursable tooling was capitalized within other current assets. Company-owned tooling is included in property and equipment and depreciated over its expected useful life, generally two to ten years. Management periodically evaluates the recoverability of tooling costs, based on estimated future cash flows, and makes provisions, where appropriate, for tooling costs that will not be recovered. Research and Development Expenses Research and development activities are expensed as incurred. The Company groups development and prototype costs and related reimbursements in research and development. The Company recognizes amounts due as reimbursements for expenses as these expenses are incurred. Leases The Company has operating leases for office, manufacturing and research and development facilities, as well as land leases for certain manufacturing facilities that are accounted for as operating leases. We also have operating leases for office equipment and automobiles. Excluding land leases, our leases have remaining lease terms ranging from less than 1 year to 7 years and may include options to extend the lease for an additional term equal to the original term of the lease. Land leases have remaining lease terms that range from 41 to 43 years and some which specify that the end of the lease term is at the discretion of the lessee. We do not have lease arrangements with related parties. The Company determines whether a contractual arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. Leases that are operating in nature are recognized in operating lease right-of-use assets, current lease liabilities and non-current lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. While Gentherm is not currently party to any leases that qualify as financing leases, right-of-use assets and liabilities recognized from financing leases would be presented separately from the right-of-use assets and liabilities recognized from operating leases on our consolidated balance sheet. Lease liabilities are measured initially at the present value of the sum of the future minimum rental payments at the commencement date of the lease. Lease payments that will vary in the future due to changes in facts and circumstances are excluded from the calculation of rental payments, unless those variable payments are based on an index or rate. Rental payments are discounted using an incremental borrowing rate based on the Company’s credit rating, determined on a fully collateralized loan basis from information available at commencement date, and the duration of the lease term (the “reference rate”). Judgement is used to assess the importance of risk factor inputs during the computation of the Company’s credit rating. For significant leases at foreign subsidiaries denominated in U.S. Dollars, a risk premium associated with the borrower subsidiary’s country is added to the reference rate. For significant leases at foreign subsidiaries denominated in a foreign currency, the U.S. Dollar risk free rate with a duration similar to that of the lease term is subtracted from the reference rate and a corresponding foreign currency risk free rate with a duration similar to that of the lease term is added to the reference rate. Judgement is used to determine whether foreign subsidiary leases are significant. Operating lease right-of-use assets are measured at the amount of the lease liability, adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments, lease incentive received, and initial direct costs incurred, as applicable. Periods covered by an option to extend the lease are initially included in the measurement of an operating lease right-of-use asset and lease liability only when it is reasonably certain we will exercise the option. Gentherm’s lease agreements do not contain residual value guarantees or impose restrictions or covenants on the Company. For all classes of underlying assets, the Company accounts for leases that contain separate lease and non-lease components as containing a single lease component. The Company does not recognize lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities from leases with an original lease term of 12 months or less and, instead, recognizes rent payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. Income Taxes The Company records income tax expense using the liability method which specifies that deferred tax assets and liabilities be measured each year based on the difference between the financial statement and tax base of assets and liabilities at the applicable enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets when management considers it more likely than not that the asset will not be realized. At December 31, 201 9 and 201 8, a valuation allowance has been provided for certain deferred tax assets which the Company has concluded are more likely than not to not be realized. If future annual taxable income were to be significantly less than current and projected levels, there is a risk that certain of our deferred tax assets not already provided for by the valuation allowance would expire prior to utilization. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Derivative Financial Instruments – Hedge Accounting The Company accounts for some of its derivative financial instruments as cash flow hedges as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 815. For derivative contracts which can be classified as a cash flow hedge, the effective potion of the change in the fair value of the derivative is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated balance sheets. When the underlying hedge transaction is realized, the gain or loss included in accumulated other comprehensive income is recorded in earnings in the consolidated statements of income on the same line as the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk. Any ineffective portion of the gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of income under foreign currency gain (loss) or revaluation of derivatives gain (loss). These hedging transactions and the respective correlations meet the requirements for hedge accounting. Earnings per Share Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the respective period. The Company’s diluted earnings per common share give effect to all potential shares of Common Stock outstanding during a period that are not anti-dilutive. In computing the number of diluted shares outstanding, the treasury stock method is used in order to arrive at a net number of shares created upon the conversion of Common Stock equivalents. Stock Based Compensation Share based payments that involve the issuance of Common Stock to employees, including grants of employee stock options, restricted stock, and time-based and performance-based restricted stock units, are recognized in the financial statements as compensation expense based upon the fair value on the date of grant. Performance-based restricted stock unit awards are measured based on either a target return on invested capital ratio (“ROIC”), as defined in the award agreement, for a specified fiscal year, or the Company’s common stock market price returning a target total shareholder return (“TSR”), as defined, during a specific three-year measurement period. Upon achievement of the performance measurement, performance-based restricted stock units vest over a three-year period. Share based payments that are satisfied only by the payment of cash, such as stock appreciation rights, are accounted for as liabilities. The liability is reported at market value of the vested portion of the underlying units. During each period, the change in the liability is recorded as compensation expense during periods when the liability increases or income during periods in which the liability decreases. Pension Plans The Company’s obligations and expenses for its pension plans are dependent on the Company’s selection of discount rate, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and other assumptions used by actuaries to calculate these amounts. Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale The Company classifies assets and liabilities (disposal groups) to be sold as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met: management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the disposal group; the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such disposal groups; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the disposal group have been initiated; the sale of the disposal group is probable, and transfer of the disposal group is expected to qualify as a completed sale within one year, except if events or circumstances beyond the Company’s control extend the period of time required to sell the disposal group beyond one year; the disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company initially measures a disposal group that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Gains are not recognized on the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent losses as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group. The Company reports assets and liabilities of the disposal group in the line items assets held for sale and liabilities held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in the period the disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale. See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements for information about the assets and liabilities classified as held for sale.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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