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Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures | Note 5 — Fair Value Measure ments and Disclosures Recurring Fair Value Measurements In determining the fair value of our financial instruments, we apply ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures”. The fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (Levels 1 and 2) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant data (Level 3). Fair value estimates may differ from the amounts that may ultimately be realized upon sale or disposition of the assets and liabilities. From time to time we purchase interest rate swaps, caps, and other instruments to provide protection against increases in interest rates on our variable rate debt. These instruments are presented as Interest rate contracts in Other assets, net in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2025, we held interest rate caps with a maximum notional value of $370.3 million. These instruments were acquired for $2.8 million, and the fair value of these instruments is $0.2 million as noted in the table below. On a recurring basis, we measure at fair value our interest rate contracts. Our interest rate contracts are classified within Level 2 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy, and we estimate their fair value using pricing models that rely on observable market information, including contractual terms, market prices, and interest rate yield curves. The fair value adjustment is included in earnings in Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate contracts in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in fair value are reflected as a non-cash transaction in adjustments to arrive at cash flows from operations, any upfront premium is reflected in Purchase of interest rate contracts, and any proceeds are reflected in Proceeds from interest rate contracts in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we sold our investment in stock, historically measured at fair value. As of December 31, 2024, we had investments in stock of $1.6 million classified within Level 1 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy. In addition, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we have investments in property technology funds of $4.8 million and $3.5 million, respectively, in entities that develop technology related to the real estate industry. These investments are m easured at net asset value (“NAV”) as a practical expedient. The period of time over which the underlying assets in these investments are expected to be liquidated is unknown. See Note 3 for further information regarding unfunded commitments related to these investments. The following table summarizes the fair value for our interest rate contracts, investments in stock, and our investments in real estate technology funds as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
|  | As of September 30, 2025 |  |  | As of December 31, 2024 |
|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 862 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 862 |  |  | $ | — |
Investments in stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,573 |  |  |  | 1,573 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Investments in real estate technology funds (1) |  |  | 4,825 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,468 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 5,005 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,903 |  |  | $ | 1,573 |  |  | $ | 862 |  |  | $ | — |
(1) Investments measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. Fair Value Disclosures We believe that the carrying value of the consolidated amounts of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash approximated their fair value as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 and are categorized within Level 1 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy. We estimate the fair value of our non-recourse property debt and non-recourse construction loans using an income and market approach, including comparison of the contractual terms to observable and unobservable inputs such as market interest rate risk spreads, contractual interest rates, remaining periods to maturity, debt service coverage ratios, and loan to value ratios. We classify the fair value of our non-recourse property debt and non-recourse construction loans within Level 2 of the GAAP valuation hierarchy based on the significance of certain observable inputs used to estimate their fair value. The following table summarizes the carrying value and fair value of our non-recourse property debt, and non-recourse construction loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
|  | As of September 30, 2025 |  |  | As of December 31, 2024 |
|  | Carrying Value |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Carrying Value |  |  | Fair Value |
Description: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse property debt |  | $ | 447,955 |  |  | $ | 434,733 |  |  | $ | 447,955 |  |  | $ | 419,626 |
Non-recourse construction loans |  |  | 389,773 |  |  |  | 393,344 |  |  |  | 393,750 |  |  |  | 393,756 |
Total |  | $ | 837,728 |  |  | $ | 828,077 |  |  | $ | 841,705 |  |  | $ | 813,382 |
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements Real Estate During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $57.4 million related to properties located in Colorado's Front Range. We used a third-party appraisal, broker opinion of value, and letter of intent to determine the fair value estimates of the properties. The fair value estimates of the properties were determined by discounted cash flow analyses or references to market comparable data. The cash flows utilized in such discounted cash flow analysis are comprised of projected operating results, which are based upon market conditions and future expectations. The most significant unobservable inputs utilized in determining the fair value are capitalization rates and discount rates, which were 8% and 10%, respectively. Because of these inputs, we have determined that the fair value of properties using this approach are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Market comparable data utilizes comparable sales, which are subject to judgment as to comparability to the valued properties. Because these inputs are derived from observable market data, we determined that the fair values of properties using this approach are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Investment in IQHQ During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $6.2 million related to our passive equity investment in IQHQ. This impairment charge was derived using an internal valuation of IQHQ, which incorporated fair value estimates of properties owned by IQHQ. The fair value estimates of the properties owned by IQHQ were determined by discounted cash flow analyses and references to market comparable data. The cash flows utilized in such discounted cash flow analyses are comprised of projected operating results, which are based upon market conditions and future expectations. The most significant unobservable inputs utilized in determining the fair value are capitalization rates and discount rates, which ranged from 5.75% to 8.23% and 7.25% to 9%, respectively. Because of these inputs, we have determined that the fair value of these properties are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Market comparable data utilizes comparable sales, which are subject to judgment as to comparability to the valued properties. Because these inputs are derived from observable market data, we determined that the fair values of these properties are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (bbb)(1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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