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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2022
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [text block] [Abstract] |
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
| 2. | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Statement of Compliance These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The policies applied in these consolidated financial statements are based on IFRS in effect as of March 31, 2022. These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors dated on May 25, 2022. (b) Basis of Consolidation These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly or partially owned subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which the Company obtains control up to the date of the disposition of control. Control is achieved when the Company has power over the subsidiary, is exposed or has rights to variable returns from its involvement with the subsidiary and has the ability to use its power to affect its returns. For non-wholly owned subsidiaries over which the Company has control, the net assets attributable to outside equity shareholders are presented as “non-controlling interests” in the equity section of the consolidated statement of financial position. Net income for the period that is attributable to the non- controlling interests is calculated based on the ownership of the non-controlling interest shareholders in the subsidiary. Adjustments to recognize the non-controlling interests’ share of changes to the subsidiary’s equity are made even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. Changes in the Company’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are recorded as equity transactions. The carrying amount of non-controlling interests is adjusted to reflect the change in the non- controlling interests’ relative interests in the subsidiary and the difference between the adjustment to the carrying amount of non-controlling interest and the Company’s share of proceeds received and/or consideration paid is recognized directly in equity and attributed to equity holders of the Company. Balances, transactions, revenues and expenses between the Company and its subsidiaries are eliminated on consolidation. Details of the Company’s significant subsidiaries which are consolidated are as follows:
|  |  | Proportion of ownership interest held |
Name of subsidiaries | Principal activity | Country of incorporation | March 31, 2022 | March 31, 2021 | Mineral properties
Silvercorp Metals China Inc. | Holding company | Canada | 100% | 100% |
Silvercorp Metals (China) Inc. | Holding company | China | 100% | 100% |
0875786 B.C. LTD. | Holding company | Canada | 100% | 100% |
Fortune Mining Limited | Holding company | BVI (i) | 100% | 100% |
Fortune Copper Limited | Holding company | BVI | 100% | 100% |
Fortune Gold Mining Limited | Holding company | BVI | 100% | 100% |
Victor Resources Ltd. | Holding company | BVI | 100% | 100% |
Yangtze Mining Ltd. | Holding company | BVI | 100% | 100% |
Victor Mining Ltd. | Holding company | BVI | 100% | 100% |
Yangtze Mining (H.K.) Ltd. | Holding company | Hong Kong | 100% | 100% |
Fortune Gold Mining (H.K.) Limited | Holding company | Hong Kong | 100% | 100% |
Wonder Success Limited | Holding company | Hong Kong | 100% | 100% |
New Infini Silver Inc. (“New Infini”) | Holding company | Canada | 46.1% | 43.8% |
Infini Metals Inc. | Holding company | BVI | 46.1% | 43.8% |
Infini Resources (Asia) Co. Ltd. | Holding company | Hong Kong | 46.1% | 43.8% |
Golden Land (Asia) Ltd. | Holding company | Hong Kong | 46.1% | 43.8% |
Henan Huawei Mining Co. Ltd. (“Henan Huawei”) | Mining | China | 80% | 80% | Ying Mining District
Henan Found Mining Co. Ltd. (“Henan Found”) | Mining | China | 77.5% | 77.5% |
Xinshao Yunxiang Mining Co., Ltd. (“Yunxiang”) | Mining | China | 70% | 70% | BYP
Guangdong Found Mining Co. Ltd. (“Guangdong Found”) | Mining | China | 99% | 99% | GC
Infini Resources S.A. de C.V. | Mining | Mexico | 46.1% | 43.8% | La Yesca
Shanxi Xinbaoyuan Mining Co., Ltd. (“Xinbaoyuan”) | Mining | China | 77.5% | 0.0% | Kuanping
(c) Investments in Associates An associate is an entity over which the Company has significant influence but not control and is not a subsidiary or joint venture. Significant influence is presumed to exist where the Company has between 20% and 50% of the voting rights, but can also arise when the Company has power to be actively involved and influential in financial and operating policy decisions of the entity even though Company has less than 20% of voting rights. The Company accounts for its investments in associates using the equity method. Under the equity method, the Company’s investment in an associate is initially recognized at cost and subsequently increased or decreased to recognize the Company’s share of profit and loss of the associate and for impairment losses after the initial recognition date. The Company’s share of an associate’s loss that are in excess of its investment are recognized only to the extent that the Company has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate. The Company’s share of comprehensive income or losses attributable to shareholders of associates are recognized in comprehensive income during the period. The carrying amount of the Company’s investments in associates also include any long-term debt interests which in substance form part of the Company’s net investment. Distributions received from an associate are accounted for as a reduction in the carrying amount of the Company’s investment. At the end of each reporting period, the Company assesses whether there is any objective evidence that an investment in an associate is impaired. Objective evidence includes observable data indicating there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows of the associate’s operations. When there is objective evidence that an investment in an associate is impaired, the carrying amount is compared to its recoverable amount, being the higher of its fair value less cost to sell and value in use. An impairment loss is recognized if the recoverable amount is less than its carrying amount. When an impairment loss reverses in a subsequent period, the carrying amount of the investment is increased to the revised estimate of recoverable amount to the extent that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had an impairment loss not been previously recognized. Impairment losses and reversal of impairment losses, if any, are recognized in net income in the period in which the relevant circumstances are identified. Details of the Company’s associates are as follows:
|  |  | Proportion of ownership interest held
Name of associate | Principal activity | Country of incorporation | March 31, 2022 | March 31, 2021
New Pacific Metals Corp. (“NUAG”) | Mining | Canada | 28.2% | 28.6%
Whitehorse Gold Corp. (“WHG”) | Mining | Canada | 29.3% | 27.0%
(d) Business Combinations or asset acquisition Optional concentration test The Company applies an optional concentration test, on a transaction-by-transaction basis, that permits a simplified assessment of whether an acquired set of activities and assets is not a business. The concentration test is met if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. The gross assets under assessment exclude cash and cash equivalents, deferred tax assets, and goodwill resulting from the effects of deferred tax liabilities. If the concentration test is met, the set of activities and assets is determined not to be a business and no further assessment is needed. Asset acquisitions When the Company acquires a group of assets and liabilities that do not constitute a business, the Company identifies and recognizes the individual identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed by allocating the purchase price first to financial assets/financial liabilities at the respective fair values, the remaining balance of the purchase price is then allocated to the other identifiable assets and liabilities on the basis of their relative fair values at the date of purchase. Such a transaction does not give rise to goodwill or bargain purchase gain. Business Combinations Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred, measured at acquisition date fair value and the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Company elects whether it measures the non-controlling interest in the acquiree either at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. Acquisition costs incurred are expensed and included in general and administrative expenses. When the Company acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. If the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition date fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree is remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date through profit or loss. (e) Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency for each subsidiary of the Company is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. Other than New Infini and its subsidiaries, the functional currency of the head office, Canadian subsidiaries and all intermediate holding companies is the Canadian dollar (“CAD”). The functional currency of all Chinese subsidiaries is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The functional currency of New Infini and its subsidiaries is USD. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing at the reporting date. Foreign currency non-monetary assets are translated using exchange rates prevailing at the transaction date. Foreign exchange gains and losses are included in the determination of net income. The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars (“USD”). The financial position and results of the Company’s entities are translated from functional currencies to USD as follows:
- | assets and liabilities are translated using exchange rates prevailing at the reporting date;
- | income and expenses are translated using average exchange rates prevailing during the period; and
- | all resulting exchange gains and losses are included in other comprehensive income.
The Company treats inter-company loan balances, which are not intended to be repaid in the foreseeable future, as part of its net investment. When a foreign entity is sold, the historical exchange differences plus the foreign exchange impact that arises on the transaction are recognized in the statement of income as part of the gain or loss on sale. (f) Revenue Recognition Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the asset sold is transferred to customers and the Company satisfies its performance obligation. Revenue is allocated to each performance obligation. The Company considers the terms of the contract in determining the transfer price. The transaction price is based upon the amount the Company expects to receive in exchange for the transferring of the assets. In determining whether the Company has satisfied a performance obligation, it considers the indicators of the transfer of control, which include, but are not limited to, whether: the Company has a present right to payment; the customer has legal title to the asset; the Company has transferred physical possession of the asset to the customer; and the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset. This generally occurs when the assets are loaded on the trucks arranged by the customer at the Company’s milling facilities. In cases where the Company is responsible for the costs of shipping and certain other services after the date on which the control of the assets transferred to the customer, these other services are considered separate performance obligations and thus a portion of revenue earned under the contract is allocated and recognized as these performance obligations are satisfied. Revenue from concentrate sales is typically recorded based on the Company’s assay results for the quantity and quality of concentrate sold and the applicable commodity prices, such as silver, gold, lead and zinc, set on a specific quotation period, typical ranging from ten to fifteen days around shipment date, by reference to active and freely traded commodity market. Adjustments, if any, related to the final assay results for the quantity and quality of concentrate sold are not significant and do not constrain the recognition of revenue. Smelter charges, including refining and treatment charges, are netted against revenue from metal concentrate sales. (g) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and held at banks and short-term money market investments that are readily convertible to cash with original terms of three months or less and exclude any restricted cash that is not available for use by the Company. (h) Short-term Investments Short-term investments consist of certificates of deposit and money market instruments, including cashable guaranteed investment certificates, bearer deposit notes and other financial assets with original terms of over three months but less than one year. Bonds traded on open markets are also included in short-term investments. (i) Inventories Inventories include concentrate inventories, direct smelting ore, stockpile ore and operating materials and supplies. The classification of inventory is determined by the stage at which the ore is in the production process. Material that does not contain a minimum quantity of metal to cover estimated processing expenses to recover the contained metal is not classified as inventory and is assigned no value. Direct smelting ore and stockpiled ore are sampled for metal content and are valued at the lower of mining cost and net realizable value. Mining cost includes the cost of raw material, mining contractor cost, direct labour costs, depletion and depreciation, and applicable production overheads, based on normal operating capacity. Concentrate inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of concentrate inventories includes the mining cost for stockpiled ore milled, freight charges for shipping stockpile ore from mine sites to mill sites and milling cost. Milling cost includes cost of materials and supplies, direct labour costs, and applicable production overheads cost, based on normal operating capacity. Material and supplies are valued at the lower of cost, determined on a weighted average cost basis, and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sales. (j) Plant and Equipment Plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost, including all directly attributable costs to bring the assets to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Plant and equipment are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis based on the nature and useful lives of the assets. The significant classes of plant and equipment and their estimated useful lives are as follows:
Buildings | 20 years
Office equipment | 5 years
Machinery | 5-10 years
Motor vehicles | 5 years
Land use rights | 50 years
Leasehold improvements | 5 years
Subsequent costs that meet the asset recognition criteria are capitalized, while costs incurred that do not extend the economic useful life of an asset are considered repairs and maintenance, which are accounted for as an expense recognized during the period. Assets under construction are capitalized as construction-in-progress. The cost of construction-in-progress comprises of the asset’s purchase price and any costs directly attributable to bringing it into working condition for its intended use. Construction-in-progress assets are transferred to other respective asset classes and are depreciated when they are completed and available for use. Upon disposal or abandonment, the carrying amounts of plant and equipment are derecognized and any associated gain or loss is recognized in net income. (k) Mineral Rights and Properties Mineral rights and properties include the following capitalized payments and expenditures:
- | Acquisition costs which consist of payments for property rights and leases, including payments to acquire or renew an exploration or mining permit, and the estimated fair value of properties acquired as part of business combination or the acquisition of a group of assets.
- | Exploration and evaluation costs incurred on a specific property after an acquisition of a beneficial interest or option in the property. Exploration and evaluation expenditures on properties for which the Company does not have title or rights to are expensed when incurred. Exploration and evaluation activities involve the search for mineral resources, the determination of technical feasibility and the assessment of commercial viability of an identified resource.
- | Development costs incurred to construct a mine and bring it into commercial production. Proceeds from sales generate during this development and pre-production stage, if any, are deducted from the costs of the asset.
- | Expenditures incurred on producing properties that are expected to have future economic benefit, including to extend the life of the mine and to increase production by providing access to additional reserves, such as exploration tunneling that can increase or upgrade the mineral resources, and development tunneling, including to build shafts, drifts, ramps, and access corridors that enable to access ore underground.
- | Borrowing costs incurred that are directly attributed to the acquisition, construction and development of a qualifying mineral property.
- | Estimated of environmental rehabilitation and restoration costs.
Before commencement of commercial production, mineral rights and properties are carried at costs, less any accumulated impairment charges. Upon commencement of commercial production, mineral rights and properties are carried at costs, less accumulated depletion and any accumulated impairment charges. Mineral rights and properties, other than the payments to renew mining permits (the “mine right fee”) are depleted over the mine’s estimated life using the units of production method calculated based on proven and probable reserves. Estimation of proven and probable reserves for each property is updated when relative information is available; the result will be prospectively applied to calculate depletion amounts for future periods. If commercial production commences prior to the determination of proven and probable reserves, depletion is calculated based on the mineable portion of measured and indicated resources. The mine right fee is depleted using the units of production method based on the mineral resources which were used to determine the mine right fee payable. (l) Impairment and Impairment Reversal At each reporting period, the Company reviews and evaluates its assets for impairment, or reversal of a previously recognized impairment, when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable or when there is an indication that impairment may have reversed. When impairment indicators exist, an estimate of the recoverable amount is undertaken, being the higher of an asset’s fair value less cost of disposal (“FVLCTD”) and value in use (“VIU”). If the carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount, an impairment loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of income during the period. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre- tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. The cash flows are based on best estimates of expected future cash flows from the continued use of the asset and its eventual disposal. FVLCTD is best evidence if obtained from an active market or binding sale agreement. Where neither exists, the fair value is based the best estimates available to reflect the amount that could be received from an arm’s length transaction. Fair value of asset is generally determined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continued use of the asset, including any expansion prospects. Impairment is normally assessed at the level of cash-generating units (“CGU”), a CGU is identified as the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows which are independent of the cash inflows generated from other assets. When there is an indication that an impairment loss recognized previously may no longer exist or has decreased, the recoverable amount is calculated. If the recoverable amount exceeds the carrying amount, the carrying value of the asset is increased to the recoverable amount. The increased carrying amount cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized as a gain in the consolidated statements of income in the period it is determined. (m) Environmental Rehabilitation Provision The mining, extraction and processing activities of the Company normally give rise to obligations for site closure or rehabilitation. Closure and decommissioning works can include facility decommissioning and dismantling; removal or treatment of waste materials; site and land rehabilitation. The extent of work required and the associated costs are dependent on the requirements of relevant authorities and the Company’s environmental policies. Provisions for the cost of each closure and rehabilitation program are recognized at the time when environmental disturbance occurs. When the extent of disturbance increases over the life of an operation, the provision is increased accordingly. Costs included in the provision encompass all closure and decommissioning activity expected to occur progressively over the life of the operation and at the time of closure in connection with disturbances at the reporting date. Routine operating costs that may impact the ultimate closure and decommissioning activities, such as waste material handling conducted as an integral part of a mining or production process, are not included in the provision. Costs arising from unforeseen circumstances, such as the contamination caused by unplanned discharges, are recognized as an expense and liability when the event gives rise to an obligation which is probable and capable of reliable estimation. The timing of the actual closure and decommissioning expenditure is dependent upon a number of factors such as the life and nature of the asset, the operating license conditions, and the environment in which the mine operates. Expenditure may occur before and after closure and can continue for an extended period of time dependent on closure and decommissioning requirements. Closure and decommissioning provisions are measured at the expected amount of future cash flows, discounted to their present value for each operation. Discount rates used are specific to the underlying obligation. Significant judgments and estimates are involved in forming expectations of future activities and the amount and timing of the associated cash flows. Those expectations are formed based on existing environmental and regulatory requirements which give rise to a constructive or legal obligation. When provisions for closure and decommissioning are initially recognized, the corresponding cost is capitalized as an asset, representing part of the cost of acquiring the future economic benefits of the operation. The capitalized cost of closure and decommissioning activities is recognized in Mineral Rights and Properties and depleted accordingly. The value of the provision is progressively increased over time as the effect of discounting unwinds, creating an expense recognized in finance costs. Closure and decommissioning provisions are also adjusted for changes in estimates. Those adjustments are accounted for as a change in the corresponding capitalized cost, except where a reduction in the provision is greater than the undepreciated capitalized cost of the related assets, in which case the capitalized cost is reduced to nil and the remaining adjustment is recognized in the income statement. In the case of closed sites, changes to estimated costs are recognized immediately in the consolidated statements of income. Changes to the capitalized cost result in an adjustment to future depreciation and finance charges. Adjustments to the estimated amount and timing of future closure and decommissioning cash flows are a normal occurrence in light of the significant judgments and estimates involved. The provision is reviewed at the end of each reporting period for changes to obligations, legislation or discount rates that impact estimated costs or lives of operations and adjusted to reflect current best estimate. The cost of the related asset is adjusted for changes in the provision resulting from changes in the estimated cash flows or discount rate and the adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively. (n) Leases Lease Definition At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. An identified asset may be implicitly or explicitly specified in a contract, but must be physically distinct, and must not have the ability for substitution by a lessor. A lessee has the right to control an identified asset if it obtains substantially all of its economic benefits and either pre-determines or directs how and for what purposes the asset is used. Measurement of Right of Use (“ROU”) Assets and Lease Obligations At the commencement of a lease, the Company, if acting in capacity as a lessee, recognizes an ROU asset and a lease obligation. The ROU asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease obligation adjusted for any lease payments made at, or before, the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred, less any lease incentives received. The ROU asset is subsequently amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the term of the lease, or the useful life of the asset determined on the same basis as the Company’s plant and equipment. The ROU asset is periodically adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease obligation, and reduced by impairment losses, if any. If an ROU asset is subsequently leased to a third party (a “sublease”) and the sublease is classified as a finance lease, the carrying value of the ROU asset to the extent of the sublease is derecognized. Any difference between the ROU asset and the lease receivable arising from the sublease is recognized in profit or loss. The lease obligation is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments remaining at the lease commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate if the rate implicit in the lease cannot be determined. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease obligation, when applicable, may comprise of fixed payments, variable payments that depend on an index or rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and the exercise price under a purchase, extension or termination option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. The lease obligation is subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease obligation is remeasured, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the ROU asset. Measurement of Lease Receivable At the commencement of a lease, the Company, if acting in capacity as a lessor, will classify the lease as finance lease and recognize a lease receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an underlying asset or if the lease is a sublease, by reference to the ROU asset arising from the original lease (the “head lease”). A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an underlying asset or the lease is a short-term lease. Cash received from an operating lease is included in other income in the Company’s consolidated statement of income on a straight-line basis over the period the lease. The lease receivable is initially measure at the present value of the lease payments remaining at the lease commencement date, discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate if the sublease is a finance lease. The lease receivable is subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, and reduced by the amount received and impairment losses, if any. Recognition Exemptions The Company has elected not to recognize the ROU asset and lease obligations for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less or for leases of low-value assets. Payments associated with these leases are recognized as general and administrative expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term on the consolidated statement of income. (o) Borrowing Costs Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset, which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale, are capitalized as part of the cost of that asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. No borrowing costs were capitalized in the periods presented. (p) Share-based Payments The Company makes share-based awards, including restricted share units (“RSUs”), performance share units (“PSUs”), and stock options, to employees, officers, directors, and consultants. For equity-settled awards, the fair value is charged to the consolidated statements of income and credited to equity, on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, after adjusting for the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest. The fair value of RSUs and PSUs is determined based on quoted market price of our common shares at the date of grant. The fair value of the stock options granted to employees, officers, and directors is determined at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with market related input. The fair value of stock options granted to consultants is measured at the fair value of the services delivered unless that fair value cannot be estimated reliably, which then is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Stock options with graded vesting schedules are accounted for as separate grants with different vesting periods and fair values. At each reporting date prior to vesting, the cumulative expense representing the extent to which the vesting period has expired and management’s best estimate of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest is computed (after adjusting for non-market performance conditions). The movement in cumulative expense is recognized in the consolidated statements of income with a corresponding entry within equity. No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional upon a market condition, which are treated as vested irrespective of whether or not the market condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance conditions are satisfied. (q) Income Taxes Current tax for each taxable entity is based on the local taxable income at the local statutory tax rate enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date and includes adjustments to tax payable or recoverable in respect to previous periods. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are only offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off the amounts, and the Company intends to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet liability method on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities, and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, can be utilized, except:
| - | where the deferred income tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and
| - | in respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.
The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred income tax assets are reassessed at the end of each reporting period and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will be available to allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred income taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority. (r) Earnings per Share Earnings per share are computed by dividing net income available to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if additional common shares are assumed to be issued under securities that entitle their holders to obtain common shares in the future. For stock options and warrants, the number of additional shares for inclusion in diluted earnings per share calculations is determined by the options and warrants, whose exercise price is less than the average market price of the Company’s common shares, are assumed to be exercised and the proceeds are used to repurchase common shares at the average market price for the period. The incremental number of common shares issued under stock options, and repurchased from proceeds, is included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. (s) Financial Instruments Initial recognition: On initial recognition, all financial assets and financial liabilities are recorded at fair value adjusted for directly attributable transaction costs except for financial assets and liabilities classified as fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), in which case transaction costs are expensed as incurred. Subsequent measurement of financial assets: Subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on the classification of such assets.
| I. | Non-equity instruments:
IFRS 9 includes a single model that has only two classification categories for financial instruments other than equity instruments: amortized cost and fair value. To qualify for amortized cost accounting, the instrument must meet two criteria:
| i. | The objective of the business model is to hold the financial asset for the collection of the contractual cash flows; and
| ii. | All contractual cash flows represent only principal and interest on that principal.
All other instruments are mandatorily measured at fair value.
| II. | Equity instruments:
At initial recognition, for equity instruments other than held for trading, the Company may make an irrevocable election to designate them, on instrument by instrument basis, as either FVTPL or fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”). Financial assets classified as amortized cost are measured at the amount of initial recognition minus principal repayments, plus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest method of any difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount, adjusted for any impairment loss allowance. Amortization or interest income from the effective interest method is included in finance income. Financial assets classified as FVTPL are measured at fair value with changes in fair values recognized in profit or loss. Equity investments designated as FVTOCI are measured at fair value with changes in fair values recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Dividends from that investment are recorded in profit or loss when the Company’s right to receive payment of the dividend is established unless they represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Impairment of financial assets carried at amortized cost: The Company recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on its financial assets carried at amortized cost. The amount of expected credit losses is updated at each reporting period to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition of the respective financial instruments. Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities: Financial liabilities classified as amortized cost are measured at the amount of initial recognition minus principal repayments, plus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest method of any difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount. Amortization or interest expense using the effective interest method is included in finance costs. Financial liabilities classified as FVTPL are measured at fair value with gains and losses recognized in profit or loss. The Company classifies its financial instruments as follows:
- | Financial assets classified as FVTPL: cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments – money market instruments, and other investments - equity investments designated as FVTPL and warrants;
- | Financial assets classified as FVTOCI: other investments - equity investments designated as FVTOCI;
- | Financial assets classified as amortized cost: short-term investments - bonds, trade and other receivables and due from related parties;
- | Financial liabilities classified as amortized cost: accounts payable and accrued liabilities, dividends payable, bank loan, customer deposits and due to related parties.
Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities: A financial asset is derecognized when:
- | The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or
- | The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass- through’ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
Gains and losses on derecognition of financial assets and liabilities classified as amortized cost are recognized in profit or loss when the instrument is derecognized or impaired, as well as through the amortization process. Gains and losses on derecognition of equity investments designated as FVTOCI (including any related foreign exchange component) are recognized in OCI. Amounts presented in OCI are not subsequently transferred to profit or loss. A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another liability from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability. In this case, a new liability is recognized, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of income. Offsetting of financial instruments: Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated statement of financial position if and only if, there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle liabilities simultaneously. Fair value of financial instruments: The fair value of financial instruments that are traded in active markets at each reporting date is determined by reference to quoted market prices, without deduction for transaction costs. For financial instruments that are not traded in active markets, the fair value is determined using appropriate valuation techniques, such as using a recent arm’s length market transaction between knowledgeable and willing parties, discounted cash flow analysis, reference to the current fair value of another instrument that is substantially the same, or other valuation models. (t) Government Assistance Refundable mining exploration tax credits received from eligible mining exploration expenditures and other government grants received for project construction and development reduce the carrying amount of the related mineral rights and properties or plant and equipment assets. The depletion or depreciation of the related mineral rights and properties or plant and equipment assets is calculated based on the net amount. Government subsidies as compensation for expenses already incurred are recognized in profit and loss during the period in which it becomes receivable. (u) Significant Accounting Judgments and Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although these judgments and estimates are continuously evaluated and are based on management’s experience and best knowledge of relevant facts and circumstances, actual results may differ from these estimates. Areas where critical accounting judgments have the most significant effect on the consolidated financial statements include: Capitalization of expenditures included in mineral rights and properties – management has determined that those capitalized expenditures, including exploration and evaluation expenditures and development costs incurred at producing properties, have potential future economic benefits and are potentially economically recoverable, subject to impairment analysis. Management uses several criteria in its assessments of economic recoverability and probability of future economic benefit, including geologic and metallurgic information, history of conversion of mineral deposits to proven and probable reserves, scoping and feasibility studies, accessible facilities, existing permits, whether to extend of the mine life, increase future production, or to provide access to a component of an ore body that will be mined in a future period. Indicators of impairment and impairment reversal - Management applies significant judgement in assessing whether indicators of impairment or reserve impairment exist for an asset or group of assets which would necessitate impairment testing. Internal and external factors such as significant changes in the use of the asset, commodity prices, and interest rates are used in determining whether there are indicators. Income taxes - Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on difference between the financial statements carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax based and loss carried forward. Withholding tax are determined based on the earnings of foreign subsidiary distributed to the Company. The recognition of deferred tax assets and the determination of the ability of the Company to utilize tax loss carry-forwards to offset deferred tax liabilities requires management to exercise judgement and make certain assumptions about the future performance of the Company. Management is required to access whether it is “probable” that the Company will benefit from these prior losses and other deferred tax assets. Changes in economic conditions, metal prices, and other factors could result in revision to the estimates of the benefits to be realized or the timing of utilization of the losses. Functional currency - The determination of an entity’s functional currency often requires significant judgement where the primary economic environment in which the entity operates may not be clear. This can have a significant impact on the consolidated results based the foreign currency translation method of the Company. Contingencies - Contingencies can be either possible assets or liabilities arising from past events which, by their nature, will only be resolved when one or more future events not wholly within our control occur or fail to occur. The assessment of such contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment and estimates of the outcome of future events. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal, tax or regulatory proceedings that are pending against us or unasserted claims, that may result in such proceedings or regulatory or government actions that may negatively impact our business or operations, we evaluate with our legal counsel the perceived merits of any legal, tax or regulatory proceedings, unasserted claims or actions. Also evaluated are the perceived merits of the nature and amount of relief sought or expected to be sought, when determining the amount, if any, to recognize as a contingent liability or assessing the impact on the carrying value of assets. Contingent assets or liabilities are not recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Consolidation of entities in which the Company holds less than a majority of voting rights – As at March 31, 2022, the Company owned 46.1% interest in New Infini and has evaluated and concluded that the Company has control over New Infini due to New Infini’s share structure, board composition and other related facts. Accordingly it consolidates New Infini’s results from the date of acquisition. Areas where critical accounting estimates have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements include: Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates - Mineral reserves and mineral resources are estimated by qualified persons in accordance with National Instrument 43-101, “Standards of Disclosure form Mineral Projects”, issued by the Canadian Securities Administrators. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating mineral reserves and mineral resources, including many factors beyond the Company’s control. Such estimation is a subjective process, and the accuracy of any mineral reserve or mineral resource estimate is a function of the quantity and quality of available data and of the assumptions made and judgements used in engineering and geological interpretation. Changes in assumptions, including metal prices, production costs, recovery rate, and market conditions could result in mineral reserve and mineral resource estimate revision. Such change could impact depreciation and amortization rates, asset carrying value and the environmental and rehabilitation provision. Impairment and reserve impairment of assets - Where an indicator of impairment and reserves impairment exists, a formal estimate of the recoverable amount is made, which is determined as the higher of FVLCTD and VIU. The determination of FVLCTD and VIU requires management to make estimates and assumptions about expected production based on current estimates of recoverable metal, commodity prices, operating costs, taxes and export duties, inflation and foreign exchange, salvage value, future capital expenditures and discount rates. The estimates and assumptions are subject to risk and uncertainty; hence, there is the possibility that changes in circumstances will alter these projections, which may impact the recoverable amount of the assets. In such circumstances, some or all of the carrying value of the assets may be further impaired or the impairment charge reversed with the impact recorded in the consolidated statements of (loss) income. Valuation of inventory - Stockpiled ore, direct smelting ore, and concentrate inventories are valued at the lower of average cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is calculated as the estimated price at the time of sale based on prevailing and forecast metal prices less estimated future production costs to convert the inventory into saleable form and associated selling costs. The determination of forecast sales price, recovery rates, grade, assumed contained metal in stockpiles and production and selling costs requires significant assumptions that may impact the stated value of our inventory and lead to changes in NRV. In determining the value of material and supplies inventory, we make estimates of the amounts to be used and realizable value through disposals or sales. Changes in these estimates can result in a change in carrying amounts of inventory, as well as cost of sales. Environmental rehabilitation provision and the timing of expenditures - Environmental rehabilitation costs are a consequence of exploration activities and mining. The cost estimates are updated annually during the life of a mine to reflect known developments, (e.g. revisions to cost estimates and to the estimated lives of operations), and are subject to review at regular intervals. Decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities are estimated bases on the Company’s interpretation of current regulatory requirements, constructive obligations and are measured at the best estimates of expenditures required to settle the present obligation of decommissioning, restoration or similar liabilities that may occur over the life of the mine. The carrying amount is determined based on the net present value of estimated future cash expenditures for the settlement of decommissioning, restoration or similar liabilities that may occur over the life of the mine. Such estimates are subject to change based on change in laws and regulations and negotiations with regulatory authorities.

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