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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation.    The consolidated financial statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q include the accounts of the Company and all other entities in which Origin Bancorp, Inc. has a controlling financial interest, including Origin Bank (“Bank”) and Forth Insurance, LLC. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s accounting and financial reporting policies conform, in all material respects, to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and to general practices within the financial services industry. The Company has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and/or disclosure through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued.
The consolidated financial statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, excluding the figures as of December 31, 2024, but in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (which are of a normal recurring nature) necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. These consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.
These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K (“2024 Form 10-K”) filed with the SEC. Operating results for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for a full year.
Operating Segments
Operating Segments.    Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s senior executive management functions as its CODM. The Bank is the only significant subsidiary upon which management makes decisions regarding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Individual bank branches offer a group of similar services, including commercial, real estate and consumer loans, time deposits, checking and savings accounts, all with similar operating and economic characteristics. While the CODM monitors the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed, and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. Accordingly, all of the community banking services and branch locations are considered by management to be aggregated into one reportable operating segment, community banking.
The CODM uses net interest income and net income to evaluate income generated from segment assets (return on average assets) in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the Company, pursue acquisitions or pay out dividends. Net income is used to monitor budget versus actual results. The CODM also uses net income in competitive analysis by benchmarking to the Company’s peers. The competitive analysis along with the monitoring of budgeted versus actual results are used in assessing performance of the segment and in establishing management’s compensation. The Company’s significant expense categories are disclosed on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates.    The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions based on available information that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and disclosures provided, including the accompanying notes, and actual results could differ. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to change include the allowance for credit losses for loans; fair value measurements of assets and liabilities; and income taxes. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. While management uses its best judgment, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Reclassifications.    Certain amounts previously reported have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or stockholders’ equity.
Other Investments
Other Investments.    The Company accounts for investments in limited partnerships, limited liability companies (“LLCs”), and other privately held companies using either the equity method of accounting or at amortized cost net of impairments and observable price changes. The accounting treatment depends upon the Company’s percentage ownership or degree of management influence. The Company applies the equity method of accounting to investments in limited partnerships in which the Company owns three to five percent of the limited partnership’s capital in accordance with the requirements of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 323. ASC 323 presumes that an investor has the ability to influence the operating and financial policies of the investee when an ownership interest is greater than three to five percent in certain partnership, unincorporated joint ventures and limited liability companies.
Under the equity method of accounting, the Company records its initial investment at cost. Subsequently, the carrying amount of the investment is increased or decreased to reflect its share of income or loss of the investee, and is included in equity method investments in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Any dividends or distributions received on the investment are recognized as a reduction to the carrying amount of the investment. The Company’s recognition of earnings or losses from an equity method investment is based on its ownership percentage in the investee and the investee’s earnings for the reporting period and is recorded through “equity method investment income (loss)” in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. Limited partnership and LLCs are reported on a one-quarter lag.
All of the Company’s investments in limited partnerships, LLCs, and other companies are privately held, and their fair values are not readily available. Management evaluates the investments in investees for impairment based on the investee’s ability to generate cash through its operations or obtain alternative financing, and other subjective factors. There are inherent risks associated with investments in such companies, which may result in volatility in the consolidated statements of income in future periods.
Effect of Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Effect of Newly Issued But Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards
Effect of Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
ASU No. 2023-02, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method — The amendments in this Update allow entities to elect to account for equity investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the tax credit program through which the investment earns income tax credits, if certain conditions are met. The amendments in this Update also eliminate certain low income housing tax credits (“LIHTC”)-specific guidance to align the accounting more closely for LIHTCs with the accounting for other equity investments in tax credit structures and require that the delayed equity contribution guidance apply only to tax equity investments accounted for using the proportional amortization method. The ASU was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Implementation of this ASU did not materially impact the Company's financial statements or disclosures.
ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures — The amendments in this Update improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in this Update:
1.Require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss (collectively referred to as the “significant expense principle”).
2.Require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the segment expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss.
3.Require that a public entity provide all annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods.
4.Clarify that if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, a public entity may report one or more of those additional measures of segment profit. However, at least one of the reported segment profit or loss measures (or the single reported measure, if only one is disclosed) should be the measure that is most consistent with the measurement principles used in measuring the corresponding amounts in the public entity’s consolidated financial statements. In other words, in addition to the measure that is most consistent with the measurement principles under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), a public entity is not precluded from reporting additional measures of a segment’s profit or loss that are used by the CODM in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources.
5.Require that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources.
6.Require that a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this Update and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280.
The ASU was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Retrospective application to all periods presented in the financial statements is required. Implementation of this ASU did not materially impact the Company's financial statements or disclosures.
Effect of Newly Issued But Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards
ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures — The amendments in this Update, on an annual basis, require that public business entities (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Specifically, public business entities are required to disclose a tabular reconciliation, using both percentages and reporting currency amounts, for specific listed categories. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) - Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses — The amendments in this Update require disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments in this Update require:
1.Disclosure of the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory, (b) employee compensation, (c) depreciation, (d) intangible asset amortization, and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil and gas-producing activities;
2.Include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the same disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements;
3.Disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, and
4.Disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses.
The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is the exchange price that is expected to be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Certain assets and liabilities are recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements at fair value. Some are recorded on a recurring basis and some on a nonrecurring basis.
The Company utilizes fair value measurement to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The determination of fair values of financial instruments often requires the use of estimates. In cases where quoted market values in an active market are not available, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach to estimate the fair values of its financial instruments. Such valuation techniques are consistently applied.
A hierarchy for fair value has been established, which categorizes the valuation techniques into three levels used to measure fair value. The three levels are as follows:
Level 1 - Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Fair value is based on significant other observable inputs that are generally determined based on a single price for each financial instrument provided to the Company by an unrelated third-party pricing service and is based on one or more of the following:
•Quoted prices for similar, but not identical, assets or liabilities in active markets;
•Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active;
•Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, such as interest rate and yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates; and
•Other inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market inputs.
Level 3 - Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant and unobservable in the market. These instruments are valued using the best information available, some of which is internally developed, and reflects the Company’s own assumptions about the risk premiums that market participants would generally require and the assumptions they would use. These estimates can be inherently uncertain.
Securities Available for Sale
Securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 inputs. For Level 1 securities, the Company obtains the fair value measurements for those identical assets from an independent pricing service. For Level 2 securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security's terms and conditions, among other things. In order to ensure the fair values are consistent with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, the Company periodically checks the fair value by comparing them to other pricing sources, such as Bloomberg LP. The third-party pricing service is subject to an annual review of internal controls in accordance with the Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements No. 16, which was made available to the Company. In certain cases where Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. For Level 3 securities, the Company determines the fair value of the instruments based on features such as callability, embedded put options, and prepayment optionality. Instruments with put option features are valued at book value, non-putable instruments are priced mainly using a present value calculation based on the spread to the yield curve.
Derivatives
Fair values for interest rate swap agreements and interest rate lock commitments are based upon the amounts that would be required to settle the contracts. Fair values for risk participations are based on the fair values of the underlying derivative transactions and an assessment of counterparty credit risk. Fair values for interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges are based upon observable Level 2 inputs such as forward fixed and floating rate projections entered into a discounted cash flow model using factors based upon the market yield curve. Fair values for interest rate options (caps) are based upon observable Level 2 inputs such as forward floating rate and floating rate volatility projections entered into a discounted cash flow model using factors based upon the market yield curve. For further details on interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges, refer to Note 9 — Derivative Financial Instruments.
Fair Values of Assets Recorded on a Recurring Basis for which the Fair Value Option has been Elected
Certain assets are measured at fair value on a recurring basis due to the Company’s election to adopt fair value accounting treatment for those assets. For interest-earning assets for which the fair value has been elected, the earned current contractual interest payment is recognized in interest income. For securities carried at fair value through income and loans held for sale, this election allows for a more effective offset of the changes in fair values of the assets and the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them without the burden of complying with the requirements for hedge accounting under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. For the Rabbi Trust assets, the Company has elected the fair value option for these investments in order to align their valuation with the related deferred compensation liabilities.
The following methodologies were used to measure the fair value of financial assets valued on a recurring basis for which the fair value option was elected:
Loans Held for Sale
Fair values for loans held for sale are established using anticipated sale prices for loans allocated to a sale commitment, and those unallocated to a commitment are valued based on the interest rate and term for similar loans allocated. The Company believes the fair value approximates an exit price. Prior to January 1, 2025, the Company had elected to use the fair value option when measuring the valuation of the loans held for sale portfolio. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, we sold all loans that were previously recorded using the fair value option, and all unsold loans funded in 2025 are valued at the lower of amortized cost basis or fair market determined as of the balance sheet date.
Securities at Fair Value through Income
Securities carried at fair value through income are valued using a discounted cash flow with a credit spread applied to each instrument based on the creditworthiness of each issuer. The credit spread was 227 basis points at both September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024. The Company believes the fair value approximates an exit price.
Rabbi Trust
The Company maintains a Rabbi Trust to fund obligations under the Origin Bank Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan. Investments within the Rabbi Trust consist of various mutual funds based on the participants individual investment elections. The Company has elected the fair value option for these investments to align their valuation with the related deferred compensation liabilities. Fair values for the Rabbi Trust investments are valued at the daily closing price as reported by the mutual fund. These assets are included in accrued interest receivable and other assets in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, while the offsetting deferred compensation liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities. Compensation (benefit) expense associated with the deferred compensation liabilities is offset by loss (gain) from the related security investments Rabbi Trust. The net effect of investment income or loss and related compensation expense or benefit has no impact on the Company’s net income or cash balances because the fair value adjustments for the assets and the change in the liabilities offset each other. Changes in the fair value of the Rabbi Trust assets and changes in the deferred compensation obligation are recognized in salaries and employee benefits in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.
Fair Value of Assets Recorded on a Nonrecurring Basis
Non-marketable equity securities held in other financial institutions
The Company’s non-marketable equity securities held in other financial institutions are within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and do not have readily determinable fair values. Securities with limited marketability, such as stock in the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas (“FRBD”) or the FHLB, are carried at cost, less impairment, if any, and total $27.8 million and $28.2 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company’s remaining equity investments in other financial institutions, excluding FRBD and FHLB, totaled $3.3 million and $43.4 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and qualify for the practicability exception under ASC 321 due to having illiquid markets and are carried at cost, less impairment, plus or minus any observable price changes. We believe these amounts approximate the fair value of these securities. To date, no impairment has been recorded on the Company's investments in equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values.
Individually Evaluated Loans with Credit Losses
Loans for which it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest due according to contractual terms are measured to determine if any credit loss exists. Allowable methods for determining the amount of credit loss include estimating the fair value using the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans and a discounted cash flow methodology for other evaluated loans that are not collateral dependent. If the loan is identified as collateral-dependent, the fair value method of measuring the amount of credit loss is utilized. Evaluating the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor to the value. If the loan is not collateral-dependent, the discounted cash flow method is utilized, which involves assumptions and judgments as to credit risk, prepayment risk, liquidity risk, default rates, loss severity, payment speeds, collateral values and discount rate. Loans that have experienced a credit loss with specific allocated losses are within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when the credit loss is determined using the fair value method. The fair value of collateral-dependent loans that have specific allocated reserves was approximately $5.3 million and $4.5 million at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Non-Financial Assets
Held for sale other real estate owned properties include foreclosed assets and bank-owned real estate, which the Company is no longer utilizing and intends to sell and are the only non-financial assets valued on a nonrecurring basis that are initially recorded by the Company at fair value, less estimated costs to sell. At foreclosure, if the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of the real estate acquired is less than the Company’s recorded investment in the related loan, a write-down is recognized through a charge to the ALCL. Similarly, real estate-based properties that were formerly operating as bank offices are evaluated at the time the decision is made to sell, and if the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of the property is less than the Company’s net book value, a write-down is recognized. Additionally, valuations are periodically performed by management, and any subsequent reduction in value is recognized by a charge to income. The carrying value and fair value of foreclosed assets and bank-owned real estate held for sale was estimated using Level 3 inputs based on observable market data
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage risks related to differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments, as well as to manage changes in fair values of some assets which are marked at fair value through the consolidated statement of income on a recurring basis.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Company was a party to interest rate swap agreements under which the Company received interest at a variable rate and paid interest at a fixed rate. The derivative instruments represented by these swap agreements were designated as cash flow hedges of the Company’s forecasted variable cash flows under variable-rate term borrowing agreements. During the terms of the swap agreements, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the periods that the hedged forecasted variable-rate interest payments affected earnings. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company terminated these swap agreements locking in an after-tax gain of $537,000 in other comprehensive income. The gain will be accreted from other comprehensive income into earnings over the remaining term of the swap agreements (March 2027 and April 2027). Additionally, during the duration of these swap agreements, there was no ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives recognized directly in earnings.
Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Company entered into interest rate swap agreements concurrently with the purchase of certain fixed-rate AFS securities. The hedging strategy converts the fixed interest rates to variable interest rates based on SOFR. These swaps are designated as fair value hedges of interest rate risk, with the objective of mitigating changes in the fair value of the hedged securities attributable to fluctuations in the benchmark interest rate. Under the terms of the swaps, the Company pays a fixed rate and receives a floating rate based on the SOFR Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) compounded rate. The hedging relationships are expected to be perfectly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedged securities attributable to movements in the designated benchmark interest rate. These hedges qualify for the shortcut method under applicable accounting guidance. Accordingly, no ongoing quantitative assessment of hedge effectiveness is required for the duration of the hedging relationships.
The fair value of the interest rate swaps is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities on the face of the consolidated balance sheets, based on their fair value position as of the reporting date. Changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps and corresponding basis adjustment to the hedged AFS securities are recorded in earnings and fully offset each other. For additional details regarding the valuation and fair value hierarchy of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges, refer to Note 6 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
The follow table presents the amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets related to the cumulative adjustments for fair value hedges at the periods presented.
(Dollars in thousands)
Carrying Amount of the
Hedged Assets (1)
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments
Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Items
Line Item on the Balance SheetSeptember 30, 2025December 31, 2024September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Securities available-for-sale$44,460 $— $823 $— 
____________________________
(1)Represents amortized cost for fair value hedge disclosures. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
Customer interest rate derivative program
The Company offers certain derivatives products, primarily interest rate swaps, and from time to time caps and/or floors, directly to qualified commercial banking customers to facilitate their risk management strategies. In most instances, the Company acts only as an intermediary, simultaneously entering into offsetting agreements with unrelated financial institutions, thereby mitigating its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions without significantly impacting its results of operations. Because the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and any offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings as a component of noninterest income.
From time to time, the Company shares in credit risk on interest rate swap arrangements, by entering into risk participation agreements with syndication partners. These are accounted for at fair value and disclosed as risk participation derivatives.
Mortgage banking derivatives
As part of its mortgage banking and related risk management activities, the Company enters into interest rate lock commitment agreements (“IRLCs”) on prospective residential mortgage loans. These IRLCs are derivative financial instruments and the fair value of these IRLCs are included in other assets. During the third quarter of 2025, the Company began utilizing a third-party investor to facilitate IRLCs, and as such, we no longer enter into IRLCs with any counterparty.
Some interest rate swaps included in other assets were subject to a master netting arrangement with the counterparty in all periods presented and could be offset against some amounts included in interest rate swaps included in other liabilities. The Company has chosen not to net these exposures in the consolidated balance sheets, and any impact of netting these amounts would not be significant.