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INCOME TAXES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
INCOME TAXES  
INCOME TAXES

11.  INCOME TAXES

The Company determines its periodic income tax expense or benefit based upon the current period income or loss and the annual estimated tax rate for the Company adjusted for discrete items including changes to prior period estimates. The estimated tax rate is revised, if necessary, as of the end of each successive interim period during the fiscal year to the Company’s current annual estimated tax rate.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the income tax benefit reflects an effective tax rate of 25.9 percent compared to an income tax provision of 9.9 percent for the comparable period in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the income tax benefit reflects an effective tax rate of 25.6 percent compared to 19.6 percent for the comparable period in the prior year. The 2019 effective rate includes detrimental discrete adjustments of $3.6 million resulting from restricted stock vesting and dividends and beneficial prior year true-ups as compared to the 2018 effective rate.